Journal articles on the topic 'Fine wine instrument'
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Danner, Lukas, Trent E. Johnson, Renata Ristic, Herbert L. Meiselman, and Susan E. P. Bastian. "Consumption Context Effects on Fine Wine Consumer Segments’ Liking and Emotions." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121798.
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Wine consumer lifestyle segmentation has been widely studied; however, most studies have solely utilised online surveys. This work investigated the impact of context on wine consumer segments’ liking and emotions while consuming wines in different environments. Two studies were conducted with regular wine consumers segmented based on their fine wine behaviour using the Fine Wine Instrument. Study 1 (n = 122) investigated the effects of wine variety and product information, and Study 2 (n = 346) the effects of wine quality and consumption context, on hedonic and emotional responses of the segments. Within both studies, three segments were identified and named: Wine Enthusiasts, Aspirants and No Frills. The Wine Enthusiast segment generally liked the wines more and perceived more intense positive emotions when consuming wine compared to the No Frills segment, with the Aspirant’s likes and emotion intensities ranging in between. Wine Enthusiasts were more discriminative of their preferred wines and reported stronger positive emotions when tasting higher quality (Study 1) and more complex (Study 2) wines. The consistent results across the two studies showed for the first time that consumer segments, based on lifestyle segmentation, differ in their hedonic and emotional responses towards wine when actually tasting wines, demonstrating that the Fine Wine Instrument has practical implications and can identify wine consumers displaying different wine consumption behaviours.
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Johnson, Trent E., and Susan E. P. Bastian. "A fine wine instrument – an alternative for segmenting the Australian wine market." International Journal of Wine Business Research 27, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of the study was to devise an instrument, labelled the Fine Wine Instrument (FWI), to measure the fine wine behaviour of respondents and then use that base to segment the consumer sample. The behaviour of those respondents who scored highly on the FWI was examined in detail. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey collected quantitative information from a convenience sample of Australian wine consumers (n = 1,017). Using the FWI as the segmentation base, cluster analysis identified three segments of consumers, denoted “Wine Enthusiasts”, “Aspirants” and “No Frills” wine drinkers, and their respective wine-related behaviours were examined. Findings – The Wine Enthusiasts’ segment consumed more wine, spent more money on wine and were more knowledgeable about wine than the other two segments. The demographics of the Wine Enthusiasts’ segment indicated that the members were not consistent with the conventional view of wine connoisseurs, as many were under the age of 35. Their lifetime value to the wine industry was highlighted along with potential targeting strategies. Some structural elements of the Australian domestic wine market were also noted. Practical implications – A segmentation base of a wine market is presented, which the authors argue provides a more sophisticated analysis than other commonly used segmentation bases. Originality/value – This study was the first to segment the Australian market using the recently developed FWI. The study provides the latest information on this market and deeper consumer insights that may permit better business-to-consumer engagement.
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Verdonk, Naomi, Renata Ristic, Julie A. Culbert, Karma Pearce, and Kerry L. Wilkinson. "Investigating Australian Consumers’ Perceptions of and Preferences for Different Styles of Sparkling Wine Using the Fine Wine Instrument." Foods 10, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030488.
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This study investigated consumer preferences for different styles of sparkling wine and the influence of wine style and occasion on sparkling wine purchasing and consumption behavior. Australian consumers (n = 203) completed an online survey and blind tasting of representative styles of commercial sparkling wines, including Champagne. Wine sensory profiles were determined by descriptive analysis using a trained panel (n = 12) and consumers were segmented into ‘No Frills’, ‘Aspirant’ and ‘Enthusiast’ clusters using the Fine Wine Instrument. Consumer perceptions, preferences and liking were measured using 9-point hedonic scales and compared via statistical analysis. Consumers anticipated liking Champagne and sparkling white wine the most, and Moscato and Prosecco the least, but on tasting, could only readily identify the Moscato and sparkling red wines, as the most contrasting wine styles. As such, liking scores for the Champagne and sparkling white wine were significantly lower based on tasting (median scores were 6.0, compared with 9.0 and 8.0 for survey responses, respectively). Consumers’ preconceived expectations of different sparkling wine styles clearly influenced purchasing and consumption behavior. Aspirants and Enthusiasts were more likely to spend more per bottle for Champagne and sparkling white wine, and consumption of these sparkling wines was most frequently associated with celebratory occasions, such as anniversaries, birthdays, Christmas, New Year and weddings.
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Verdonk, Naomi, Renata Ristic, Julie Culbert, Karma Pearce, and Kerry Wilkinson. "Understanding Australian Wine Consumers’ Preferences for Different Sparkling Wine Styles." Beverages 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6010014.
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This study investigated the perceptions and preferences of Australian wine consumers towards different styles of sparkling wine, including French Champagne and Australian sparkling white, red and rosé wine, Moscato and Prosecco. An online survey of 1027 regular sparkling wine consumers captured demographic information, sparkling wine perceptions and preferences, and typical spending and consumption patterns. Consumers were segmented into three distinct clusters (‘No Frills’, ‘Aspirants’ and ‘Enthusiasts’) using the Fine Wine Instrument model. The majority of No Frills consumers were female and typically consumed sparkling wine once per month. Almost 55% of Aspirants were male with a household income of more than AU$75,000. Enthusiast consumers were also predominantly male and well educated, and 64% were under the age of 35 years. Sparkling white wine and Champagne were generally the preferred styles for each consumer group, followed by Moscato and sparkling rosé wine. Interestingly, Moscato scored favorably with both No Frills and Enthusiast segments. Almost 25% of respondents indicated that they were not familiar with Prosecco, while sparkling red wine was perceived similarly by male and female consumers. The findings from this study can be used by sparkling wine producers to better target their products and marketing to the specific needs and expectations of consumers within different segments of the Australian domestic market.
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Mezei, Laura V., Trent E. Johnson, Steven Goodman, Cassandra Collins, and Susan E. P. Bastian. "Meeting the demands of climate change: Australian consumer acceptance and sensory profiling of red wines produced from non-traditional red grape varieties." OENO One 55, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.2.4571.
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To endure the challenge of climate change, the Australian wine industry could adopt new wine grape varieties more tolerant of these pending conditions. The aims of this study were to (i) generate sensory profiles and (ii) gain knowledge about Australian wine consumers’ liking of Australian and international wines made from selected drought-resistant, red wine grape varieties not traditionally grown in Australia but better suited for a changing Australian climate. A Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) sensory panel (n = 43) profiled 24 commercial red wines made from 9 purportedly drought-tolerant red grape varieties, plus a single example of an Australian Cabernet-Sauvignon, Grenache and Shiraz wine. A subset of 10 wines was subjected to preference trials with Australian red wine consumers (n = 113) and underwent basic chemical composition measures. Consumers liked all 10 wines, scoring them greater than 5.7 on a 9-point Likert scale. The Fine Wine Instrument (FWI) identified 3 consumer segments (Wine Enthusiasts (WE); Aspirants (ASP) and No Frills (NF)). WE liked the 2 Touriga Nacional and Nero d’Avola wines significantly more than the NF consumers and the Graciano significantly more than the ASP. Correlation tests determined that the WE segment liked wines with aromas of vanilla, sweet taste, jammy, confectionary, vanilla and woody flavours and a non-fruit after taste, and the attributes responsible for the ASP segment's liking of the wines were red colour, jammy and toasty/smoky aromas, jammy and savoury flavours and alcohol mouthfeel and non-fruity aftertaste. NF consumers liked wines with aromas of vanilla, confectionary, jammy and red fruit flavours; smooth mouthfeel and a fruity aftertaste, but disliked wines displaying aromas of cooked vegetables and savoury, bitter taste, flavours of cooked vegetables, forest floor, green pepper and herbaceous, and rough mouthfeel. WE liked wines reminiscent of Cabernet-Sauvignon, Grenache and Shiraz while the ASP and NF consumers had preferences leaning towards wines similar in style to a Shiraz and Grenache, respectively. These findings indicate to wine producers the potential of these new wines in the current Australian market and the possibility that increasing future cultivation of these varieties as a response to climate change might lead to a more sustainable wine industry in the future.
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KOOPMAN, TON. "EDITORIAL." Eighteenth Century Music 16, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570618000313.
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It was as a boy of twelve or thirteen that I played the harpsichord for the first time. My early experiences of ensemble playing with the instrument took place with my contemporaries, but primarily with my Dutch teacher at secondary school and his wife, Mr and Mrs Meijer. Both were amateur recorder players, and as a young amateur harpsichordist I would accompany them. At first I would diligently play the realized basso-continuo parts, such as the ones often found in twentieth-century editions. Sometimes it was clear that one could make changes to what was in the realizations, informed by one's own insights, but my insights were not formed at that stage and I did not know where to begin. Very soon I found these realized parts boring. One day, while drinking a glass of wine (one of my first), Mr Meijer asked me, ‘Have you noticed that under the realized part, there are often figures noted down? Do you dare to play from them?’. After many wrong chords, but in the company of kind people who had also made mistakes themselves, I began to understand the system of figures a little. We played together every Saturday, and very soon I found it more pleasant to play without the chordal realizations. Then one fine Saturday afternoon, I sat down at the harpsichord to find that Mr or Mrs Meijer had taped over the right hand of the realized continuo part with an empty staff! There was no more escaping it now: I was dragged back to the bass line and the figures. After many further Saturday afternoon sessions, the results became more acceptable.
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Kwak, Seung Jun, Jae Il Cho, and Eun Chul Choi. "Fine Dust is Coming Again: The Effect of Air Pollution on Health Using Seasonal Weather Patterns." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 1625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.5.1625.
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Air pollution, especially fine dust(PM10) and ultra-fine dust(PM2.5), adversely affects people’s health status. However, measuring its effect has been an ongoing debate in health economics and related fields. Air pollution levels are highly correlated to economic conditions (firms produce more during the economic boom increasing the air pollution levels and vice-versa during the recession), which affect individual decisions on medical expenditure and avoidance behavior. In this light, our study uses seasonal weather patterns (i.e., wind direction and wind speed) as instruments to measure and analyze the causal effect of air pollution(PM10 and PM2.5) on mortality. Instruments are robust and valid as seasonal wind patterns are known to affect the air pollution level while they are orthogonal to people's health. Our panel fixed instrumental variable regression results show the clear adverse effect of PM10 and PM2.5 on the number of deaths, especially the deaths caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Moreover, we also have found that the effect of PM2.5 is more detrimental to health than PM10.
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Hansen, Uwe J. "Materials in Musical Instruments: Romance of Art and Science." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 3 (March 1995): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400044353.
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A few years ago, I surprised my wife by asking for a guitar for Christmas. Our budget was limited in those days, so I started at the low-cost end and remember being disappointed with the tone quality of the guitar we purchased. Even with my poorly trained ear, I could tell the difference between a $50 guitar and a $100 instrument. The jump from $100 to $200 was also easily detectable. I could even make out the difference in tone quality between a $200 and a $500 guitar. One hand-crafted instrument with a $1000 price tag had a lovely tone. However, the limitations of my ear made it difficult to detect significant improvement in tone quality beyond that stage. At any rate, I realized that an instrument manufacturer would clearly not waste precious select woods on a “cigar-box” instrument. Since then, while trying to unlock the secrets of fine tone quality, the importance of materials in crafting fine musical instruments has become apparent during my investigations of various musical instruments in the laboratory.
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Niklas, Britta, Karl Storchmann, and Nick Vink. "Fairtrade Wine Price Dispersion in the United Kingdom." Journal of Wine Economics 12, no. 4 (November 2017): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.48.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes wine price dispersion in the United Kingdom. In particular, we are interested in examining whether Fairtrade wines are different from non-Fairtrade wines. Because Fairtrade wines serve an additional social purpose, one may think that consumers search less aggressively for the outlet with the lowest price, thus allowing for a larger price dispersion than for regular wines. We draw on data for about seven thousand wines from South Africa, Fairtrade and non-Fairtrade, sold in the United Kingdom between 2007 and 2012. In a first step, we run a hedonic regression model explaining the wine prices using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Instrumental Variable (IV) approaches. In the next step, we regress the squared residuals from the first step on a Fairtrade 0-1 dummy-variable. When using the squared residuals from the OLS model, we find that Fairtrade is a negative determinant of price dispersion. Therefore, Fairtrade wines exhibit a significant lower price dispersion than the comparison group. When using the squared residuals from the IV model, we find mixed results and suspect the presence of a substantial bias due to weak instruments. Finally, in order to avoid IV pitfalls, we ran Fairtrade and Non-Fairtrade wines in separate equations. We find support for the OLS results, i.e., Fairtrade wines appear to exhibit lower price dispersion than their non-Fairtrade counterparts. Whether this is due to consumer search is a priori unclear. (JEL Classifications: L31, L81, Q11)
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Frota, Luciana Maria Arcanjo, Bernardo Almeida Aguiar, Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão, and Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos. "Removal of Separated Endodontic K-File with the Aid of Hypodermic Needle and Cyanoacrylate." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3970743.
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A wide range of accidents might happen during the treatment of the root canal system, where the instrument separation is one of the most unpleasant occurrences. Several techniques have been developed to facilitate the removal of the fragments; however, they generally require specific devices that not always are available to the clinician. The aim of this case report is to present a simple alternative technique to remove from the root canals manual instruments fractured during the treatment. The case has its outline based on a 31-year-old patient who sought the clinic to have her maxillary first left premolar rehabilitated. The clinic and radiographic examinations revealed the need of endodontic retreatment and the presence of a fragment of a K-file instrument localized at the apical third of the palatine canal. The retreatment was initiated by the removal of the obturation materials followed by several unsuccessful attempts to take out the fractured instrument. Hence, it was chosen to perform the fragment removal using a hypodermic needle and cyanoacrylate adhesive. The fragment easily came out, which reinforces the technique adopted as a safe, simple, and low cost mean to solve the problem of fractured instruments using only items already present in the endodontic arsenal.
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Huber-Feely, Noah, Mark R. Swain, Gael Roudier, and Raissa Estrela. "Characterization of an Instrument Model for Exoplanet Transit Spectrum Estimation through Wide-scale Analysis on HST Data." Astronomical Journal 163, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac341a.
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Abstract Instrument models (IMs) enable the reduction of systematic error in transit spectroscopy light-curve data, but, since the model formulation can influence the estimation of science model parameters, characterization of the instrument model effects is crucial to the interpretation of the reduced data. We analyze a simple instrument model and assess its validity and performance across Hubble WFC3 and STIS instruments. Over a large, n = 63, sample of observed targets, a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler computes the parent distribution of each instrument model parameter. Possible parent distribution functions are then fit and tested against the empirical IM distribution. Correlation and other analyses are then performed to find IM relationships. The model is shown to perform well across the two instruments and three filters analyzed and, further, the Student’s t distribution is shown to closely fit the empirical parent distribution of IM parameters and the Gaussian distribution is shown to poorly model the observed distribution. This parent distribution can be used in the MCMC prior fitting and demonstrates IM consistency for wide-scale atmospheric analysis using this model. Finally, we propose a simple metric based on light-curve residuals to determine model performance, and we demonstrate its ability to determine whether a derived spectrum under this IM is high quality and robust.
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Boshnakov, Petyo. "A Comparative Study of Tastes and Preferences for Local and Foreign Wines in Bulgaria." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 2, no. 11 (2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.211.1004.
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On the base of semantic differential instrument we assess the main factors in wine demand attitudes of Bulgarian customers. We aim to find out whether specific marketing techniques could alter the demand for such a traditional product as wine in Bulgaria. Given the fact that Bulgarian customers only recently received the possibility to taste imported wines, we find that foreign wines are evaluated mainly through the prejudice of past knowledge, not linked to the actual product. Most likely the demand for wine in Bulgaria will continue to be focused on local products. Furthermore we examine how the region of origin determines tastes and preferences for consuming a specific type of wine and the price the consumer is ready to pay.
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Dablanca-Blanco, Ana-Belén, Pablo Castelo-Baz, Ramón Miguéns-Vila, Pablo Álvarez-Novoa, and Benjamín Martín-Biedma. "Endodontic Rotary Files, What Should an Endodontist Know?" Medicina 58, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060719.
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Clinicians should be aware of all the characteristics and capacities of the instruments that are possible to use when conducting a root canal treatment. The wide variety of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary systems on the market and the lack of standardisation of this type of instrument makes the choice in each specific case difficult. Therefore, this review is intended to summarize the characteristics that should be taken into account when choosing one instrument over another. It will be essential to know characteristics, of alloy from which the instrument is made. Moreover, the geometry of the instrument will determine its behaviour, being the mass, the one that marks its resistance to a greater extent. The movement performed by the file is another of the fundamental keys to understand rotary instruments. In conclusion, when performing root canal treatment, the characteristics of the instrument and the tooth must be taken into account, and the operator’s own limitations should be known. This paper provides the key points to keep in mind when making this type of treatment.
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Quiles, A., S. Emerit, V. Asensi-Amorós, L. Beck, I. Caffy, E. Delqué-Količ, and H. Guichard. "NEW CHRONOMETRIC INSIGHTS INTO ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS HELD AT THE MUSÉE DU LOUVRE AND THE MUSÉE DES BEAUX-ARTS DE LYON." Radiocarbon 63, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 545–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.135.
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ABSTRACTVery little is known about the manufacturing and use of ancient Egyptian instruments, and their discovery is very rare. An extensive radiocarbon (14C) dating program has been conducted on 25 ancient Egyptian musical instruments currently held at the Louvre Museum (musée du Louvre) and the Lyon Museum of Fine Arts (musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon). This study includes cordophones (harps, lyres, lutes), membranophones (drums, tambourines), idiophones (clappers, crotales), as well as wind instruments (oboe) that have entered the museum collections during the 19th century or the first half of the 20th century; consequently, the original archaeological contexts of their discoveries are poorly understood. Approximately 50 14C dates enable drawing a general overview of the instruments manufacturing. A wide variety of wood material has been identified, representing both indigenous species and imported species. Results indicate that the native flora of Egypt was exclusively used until the Third Intermediate Period when the first imports could be identified. 14C results are not always consistent with relative dates previously thought, mainly based on stylistic criteria. They demonstrate these collections hold very well-preserved objects extending over 2500 years, from the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1700 BCE) to the start of the Islamic Period (8th century CE). This project provides important results for the knowledge of ancient Egyptian musical instrument crafts.
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Brenni, Paolo. "Instruments, Tools and Materials." Nuncius 31, no. 3 (2016): 611–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03103004.
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The Minutier central des notaires de Paris, which is preserved in the Archives nationales in Paris, is a huge archive group with several millions of documents recording all the official deeds written by the Parisian notaries. In it, it is possible to find very interesting documents concerning the activities of 19th century Parisian scientific instrument makers. I publish here the inventories of the instruments and tools which were in the workshop of two important makers: Jules Duboscq (1817–1886) and Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (1803–1877). The first was compiled in 1859 after the death of Duboscq’s wife, the second when Ruhmkorff workshop was sold in 1878. These documents contain precious and original information concerning the organisation of the workshop, the instruments, the activities, and the trade of these renown instrument makers.
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Al-Obaida, Mohammad I., Abdulmohsen A. Alzuwayer, Saqer S. Alanazi, and Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad. "In Vitro Analysis of the Fatigue Resistance of Four Single File Canal Preparation Instruments." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020688.
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Instrument separation during root canal therapy is inevitable in endodontics with several unfavorable clinical consequences. Therefore, examining the cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of commonly used rotary endodontic files is crucial. This study aimed to determine the cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary files used as a single canal preparation technique: WaveOne, Reciproc, Protaper F2, and Unicone medium instruments. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, each file was rotated freely within a 1.3 mm deep and 1.3 mm wide V-shaped groove in a stainless-steel block with a 40° and 5 mm radius of curvature. Cyclic fatigue resistance was compared between the NiTi files by verifying the time needed to crack. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffé post hoc with a significant level set at p < 0.05. Our results demonstrated that the WaveOne instrument had the highest cyclic flexural fatigue resistance among the tested groups (p ≤ 0.05), while Unicone had the lowest cyclic flexural fatigue resistance. This study concluded that WaveOne size 25/0.08 could illustrate a superior cyclic flexural fatigue resistance when instrumenting root canals with the lowest possibility to cause instrument separation.
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Matsui, H., M. Nakamura, T. Mukai, K. Tsuruda, and H. Hayakawa. "Observations of convection in the dayside magnetosphere by the beam instrument on Geotail." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2001): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-303-2001.
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Abstract. We report observations of magnetospheric convection by the beam instrument, EFD-B, on Geotail. The region analyzed in this study is mainly the afternoon sector of the magnetosphere between L = 9.7 - 11.5. When the instrument is operated, electron beams are emitted from guns and some of them return to detectors attached to the main body of the satellite. However, we find that the return beams are often spread over a wide range of satellite spin phase angles, so that the calculated convection is unreliable. In order to remove noisy data, we set up suitable selection criteria. We infer that the convection strength is of the order of 20 km/s. The convection has generally westward and outward components. This indicates that the plasma located at the satellite positions is being convected toward the magnetopause. Moreover, the obtained convection is highly variable because standard deviations are comparable to the strength. We then compare the convection estimated by the beam instrument with that by the particle instrument, LEP. We find that the convections derived from the two instruments are positively correlated, with correlation coefficients above 0.7. The analysis reported here is expected to be useful in the interpretation of the multi-spacecraft data from the Cluster II mission.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (current systems; electric fields; instruments and techniques)
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Mehdi, Prof Dr Jamal Aziz. "SAF file: It's really three dimensional file." Mustansiria Dental Journal 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v14i1.744.
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The biological objectives of root canal treatment have not changed over the recentdecades, but the methods to attain these goals have been greatly modified. Theintroduction of NiTi rotary files represents a major leap in the development ofendodontic instruments, with a wide variety of sophisticated instruments presentlyavailable (1, 2).Whatever their modification or improvement, all of these instruments have onething in common: they consist of a metal core with some type of rotating blade thatmachines the canal with a circular motion using flutes to carry the dentin chips anddebris coronally. Consequently, all rotary NiTi files will machine the root canal to acylindrical bore with a circular cross-section if the clinician applies them in a strictboring manner
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Greco, Steven, George D. Emmitt, Michael Garstang, and Michael Kavaya. "Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) Lidar during CPEX 2017: Instrument Performance and Data Utility." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182951.
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During 25 May–24 June 2017, NASA’s Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) lidar was flown on board a NASA DC-8 aircraft as part of the Convective Processes EXperiment (CPEX) airborne campaign based out of Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Central to DAWN’s deployment was the goal of obtaining high time and spatial resolution wind velocity measurements, particularly with respect to the convective life cycle. We describe the processes involved in deriving wind profiles from DAWN observations and evaluate the performance of DAWN in terms of data coverage, resolution and frequency. Comparisons with dropsonde wind measurements show an overall low bias of <0.20 m/s with a RMSD of ~1.6 and R2 > 0.92 for both u and v components for the data set as a whole (over 160 comparisons). From this CPEX experience, we find that the DAWN wind profiles are of high precision, ~30 m vertical resolution and with horizontal spacing as fine as 3–7 km, and rival dropsondes for horizontal wind coverage (aerosols and clouds permitting). Case studies illustrate the benefit of using the DAWN to investigate and characterize the dynamics of the tropical atmosphere over open ocean waters in conditions ranging from undisturbed to active convection.
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Gupta, Gaurav, D. K. Gupta, Priyanka Gupta, Kuldeep Singh Rana, and Neeraj Chandra. "Apicoectomy of palatal root in upper 1 molar to remove endodontic instrument: Rare case report." IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology 6, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2021.038.
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A wide range of accidents might happen during the treatment of the root canal system, where the instrument breakage is one of the most unpleasant occurrences. Several techniques have been developed to facilitate the removal of the broken instruments. The aim of this article is to present the surgical removal of a broken endodontic file from the periapical region of the palatal root of a maxillary first molar depicting importance of radiographs.
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Pistone, Kristina, Jens Redemann, Sarah Doherty, Paquita Zuidema, Sharon Burton, Brian Cairns, Sabrina Cochrane, et al. "Intercomparison of biomass burning aerosol optical properties from in situ and remote-sensing instruments in ORACLES-2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 9181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9181-2019.
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Abstract. The total effect of aerosols, both directly and on cloud properties, remains the biggest source of uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing on the climate. Correct characterization of intensive aerosol optical properties, particularly in conditions where absorbing aerosol is present, is a crucial factor in quantifying these effects. The southeast Atlantic Ocean (SEA), with seasonal biomass burning smoke plumes overlying and mixing with a persistent stratocumulus cloud deck, offers an excellent natural laboratory to make the observations necessary to understand the complexities of aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions. The first field deployment of the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign was conducted in September of 2016 out of Walvis Bay, Namibia. Data collected during ORACLES-2016 are used to derive aerosol properties from an unprecedented number of simultaneous measurement techniques over this region. Here, we present results from six of the eight independent instruments or instrument combinations, all applied to measure or retrieve aerosol absorption and single-scattering albedo. Most but not all of the biomass burning aerosol was located in the free troposphere, in relative humidities typically ranging up to 60 %. We present the single-scattering albedo (SSA), absorbing and total aerosol optical depth (AAOD and AOD), and absorption, scattering, and extinction Ångström exponents (AAE, SAE, and EAE, respectively) for specific case studies looking at near-coincident and near-colocated measurements from multiple instruments, and SSAs for the broader campaign average over the month-long deployment. For the case studies, we find that SSA agrees within the measurement uncertainties between multiple instruments, though, over all cases, there is no strong correlation between values reported by one instrument and another. We also find that agreement between the instruments is more robust at higher aerosol loading (AOD400>0.4). The campaign-wide average and range shows differences in the values measured by each instrument. We find the ORACLES-2016 campaign-average SSA at 500 nm (SSA500) to be between 0.85 and 0.88, depending on the instrument considered (4STAR, AirMSPI, or in situ measurements), with the interquartile ranges for all instruments between 0.83 and 0.89. This is consistent with previous September values reported over the region (between 0.84 and 0.90 for SSA at 550nm). The results suggest that the differences observed in the campaign-average values may be dominated by instrument-specific spatial sampling differences and the natural physical variability in aerosol conditions over the SEA, rather than fundamental methodological differences.
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Dale, Ethan R., Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Greg E. Bodeker, Leroy J. Bird, Gustavo Olivares, Guy Coulson, et al. "The winter 2019 air pollution (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) measurement campaign in Christchurch, New Zealand." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 2053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2053-2021.
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Abstract. MAPM (Mapping Air Pollution eMissions) is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer airborne particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from in situ PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, a winter field campaign was conducted in New Zealand in 2019 (June to September) to obtain the measurements required to test and validate the MAPM methodology. Two different types of instruments measuring PM were deployed: ES-642 remote dust monitors (17 instruments) and Outdoor Dust Information Nodes (ODINs; 50 instruments). The measurement campaign was bracketed by two intercomparisons where all instruments were co-located, with a permanently installed tapered element oscillating membrane (TEOM) instrument, to determine any instrument biases. Changes in biases between the pre- and post-campaign intercomparisons were used to determine instrument drift over the campaign period. Once deployed, each ES-642 was co-located with an ODIN. In addition to the PM measurements, meteorological variables (temperature, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction) were measured at three automatic weather station (AWS) sites established as part of the campaign, with additional data being sourced from 27 further AWSs operated by other agencies. Vertical profile measurements were made with 12 radiosondes during two 24 h periods and complimented measurements made with a mini micropulse lidar and ceilometer. Here we present the data collected during the campaign and discuss the correction of the measurements made by various PM instruments. We find that when compared to measurements made with a simple linear correction, a correction based on environmental conditions improves the quality of measurements retrieved from ODINs but results in over-fitting and increases the uncertainties when applied to the more sophisticated ES-642 instruments. We also compare PM2.5 and PM10 measured by ODINs which, in some cases, allows us to identify PM from natural and anthropogenic sources. The PM data collected during the campaign are publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542559 (Dale et al., 2020b), and the data from other instruments are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536640 (Dale et al., 2020a).
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Maschhoff, Kevin, John Polizotti, Hartmut Aumann, Joel Susskind, Dennis Bowler, Christopher Gittins, Mark Janelle, and Samuel Fingerman. "Concept Development and Risk Reduction for MISTiC Winds, A Micro-Satellite Constellation Approach for Vertically Resolved Wind and IR Sounding Observations in the Troposphere." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182169.
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MISTiC Winds is an instrument and constellation mission approach to simultaneously observe the global thermodynamic state and the vertically resolved horizontal wind field in the troposphere from LEO SSO. The instrument is a wide-field imaging spectrometer operated in the 4.05–5.75 μm range, with the spectral resolution, sampling, radiometric sensitivity, and stability needed to provide temperature and water vapor soundings of the atmosphere, with 1 km vertical resolution in the troposphere-comparable to those of NASA’s atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS). These instruments have much higher spatial resolution (<3 km at nadir) and finer spatial sampling than current hyperspectral sounders, allowing a sequence of such observations from several micro-satellites in an orbital plane with short time separation, from which atmospheric motion vector (AMV) winds are derived. AMVs for both cloud-motion and water vapor-motion, derived from hyperspectral imagery, will have improved velocity resolution relative to AMVs obtained from multi-spectral instruments operating in GEO. MISTiC’s extraordinarily small size, low mass (<15 kg), and minimal cooling requirements can be accommodated aboard an ESPA-class microsatellite. Low fabrication and launch costs enable this constellation to provide more frequent atmospheric observations than current-generation sounders provide, at much lower mission cost. Key technology and observation method risks have been reduced through recent laboratory and airborne (NASA ER2) testing funded under NASA’s Instrument Incubator Program and BAE Systems IR&D, and through an observing system simulation experiment performed by NASA GMAO. This approach would provide a valuable new capability for the study of the processes driving high-impact weather events, and critical high-resolution observations needed for future numerical weather prediction.
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Deryugina, Tatyana, Garth Heutel, Nolan H. Miller, David Molitor, and Julian Reif. "The Mortality and Medical Costs of Air Pollution: Evidence from Changes in Wind Direction." American Economic Review 109, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 4178–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180279.
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We estimate the causal effects of acute fine particulate matter exposure on mortality, health care use, and medical costs among the US elderly using Medicare data. We instrument for air pollution using changes in local wind direction and develop a new approach that uses machine learning to estimate the life-years lost due to pollution exposure. Finally, we characterize treatment effect heterogeneity using both life expectancy and generic machine learning inference. Both approaches find that mortality effects are concentrated in about 25 percent of the elderly population. (JEL I12, J14, Q51, Q53)
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Vallejos-Flores, Miguel, Walter Capa-Luque, Aaron Caycho-Caja, Alexandra Chavez Santamaria, Gino Reyes-Baca, and Catalina Bello-Vidal. "Internal Structure and Invariance of a Brief Version of the Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM-P15) in a Peruvian Population of Marijuana users." Anales de Psicología 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.509651.
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Background: The identification of the reasons for marijuana use has been supported by instruments such as the MMM. Despite its importance, there are still no valid brief versions of this instrument in Latin American countries. This paper seeks to fill this gap by providing evidence of validity and reliability, as well as the structural invariance of the MMM. Method: The sample consisted of 1164 male and female marijuana users, aged between 18 and 49 years, from Lima and Callao. Results: The factor analysis found a pentafactorial structure. The brief version (MMM-P15) and the wide MMM showed favorable properties from structure and reliability (ꙍ > 0.88, H > .84) with a slight superiority of the short instrument (RMSEA = .058 [CI 90% .050, .067], SRMR = 0.044, TLI = 0.99, CFI = 0.99). Likewise, both versions maintain the invariance of the instrument according to sex and evidence of internal validity was found (AVE > 0.50). Conclusions: The MMM-P15 shows psychometric properties that support its use in both male and female marijuana users, and it is a short, versatile, and useful instrument for research purposes even in clinical settings. Antecedentes: La identificación de los motivos por los cuales se consume marihuana se ha visto apoyada por instrumentos como el MMM. A pesar de su importancia, aún no se cuenta con versiones breves válidas de este en países latinoamericanos. Este trabajo busca cubrir esta carencia aportando evidencia de validez y confiabilidad, así como la invarianza estructural del MMM. Método: La muestra comprende 1164 consumidores de marihuana, varones y mujeres, con edades entre 18 y 49 años, de Lima y Callao. Resultados: El análisis factorial halló una estructura pentafactorial. La versión breve (MMM-P15) y extensa (MMM) muestran favorables propiedades de estructura y consistencia interna (ꙍ > 0.88, H > .84) con una ligera superioridad del instrumento corto (RMSEA = .058 [IC 90% .050, .067], SRMR = .044, GFI = .99, TLI = .99, CFI = .99). Asimismo, ambas versiones mantienen la invarianza según el sexo y se encontró evidencia de validez interna (AVE > 0.50). Conclusiones: El MMM-P15 evidencia propiedades psicométricas que respaldan su uso tanto en hombres y mujeres consumidores de marihuana, además es un instrumento corto, versátil y útil para fines de investigación incluso en contextos clínicos.
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Criton, Benjamin, Georgios Nicolaou, and Daniel Verscharen. "Design and Optimization of a High-Time-Resolution Magnetic Plasma Analyzer (MPA)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238483.
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In-situ measurements of space plasma throughout the solar system require high time resolution to understand the plasma’s kinetic fine structure and evolution. In this context, research is conducted to design instruments with the capability to acquire the plasma velocity distribution and its moments with high cadence. We study a new instrument design, using a constant magnetic field generated by two permanent magnets, to analyze solar wind protons and α-particles with high time resolution. We determine the optimal configuration of the instrument in terms of aperture size, sensor position, pixel size and magnetic field strength. We conduct this analysis based on analytical calculations and SIMION simulations of the particle trajectories in our instrument. We evaluate the velocity resolution of the instrument as well as Poisson errors associated with finite counting statistics. Our instrument is able to resolve Maxwellian and κ-distributions for both protons and α-particles. This method retrieves measurements of the moments (density, bulk speed and temperature) with a relative error below 1%. Our instrument design achieves these results with an acquisition time of only 5 ms, significantly faster than state-of-the-art electrostatic analyzers. Although the instrument only acquires one-dimensional cuts of the distribution function in velocity space, the simplicity and reliability of the presented instrument concept are two key advantages of our new design.
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Giussani, Barbara, Alix Tatiana Escalante-Quiceno, Ricard Boqué, and Jordi Riu. "Measurement Strategies for the Classification of Edible Oils Using Low-Cost Miniaturised Portable NIR Instruments." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112856.
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Miniaturised near-infrared (NIR) instruments have been increasingly used in the last few years, and they have become useful tools for many applications on different types of samples. The market already offers a wide variety of these instruments, each one having specific requirements for the correct acquisition of the instrumental signal. This paper presents the development and optimisation of different measuring strategies for two miniaturised NIR instruments in order to find the best measuring conditions for the rapid and low-cost analysis of olive oils. The developed strategies have been applied to the classification of different samples of olive oils, obtaining good results in all cases.
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Theuerkauf, A., M. Gerding, and F. J. Lübken. "Fine-scale turbulence soundings in the stratosphere with the new balloon-borne instrument LITOS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): 3455–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3455-2010.
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Abstract. We have developed a new compact balloon payload called LITOS (Leibniz-Institute Turbulence Observations in the Stratosphere) for high resolution wind turbulence soundings up to 35 km altitude. The wind measurements are performed applying a constant temperature anemometer (CTA) with a vertical resolution of ~2.5 mm, i.e. 2 kHz sampling rate at 5 m/s ascent speed. Thereby, for the first time, it is possible to study the entire turbulence spectrum down to the viscous subrange in the stratosphere. Including telemetry, housekeeping, batteries and recovery unit the payload weighs less than 5 kg and can be launched at any radiosonde station. Since autumn 2007 LITOS has been successfully launched several times from the Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) in Kühlungsborn, Germany (54° N, 12° E). Two additional soundings were carried out in 2008 and 2009 at Kiruna, Sweden (67° N, 21° E) as part of the BEXUS program (Balloon-borne EXperiments for University Students). We describe here the basic principle of CTA measurements and prove the validity of this method in the stratosphere. First case studies allow a clear distinction between non-turbulent layers and turbulent layers with a thickness of some tens of meters. Since our measurements cover the transition between the inertial and viscous subrange, energy dissipation rates can be calculated with high reliability.
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Theuerkauf, A., M. Gerding, and F. J. Lübken. "LITOS – a new balloon-borne instrument for fine-scale turbulence soundings in the stratosphere." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-55-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We have developed a new compact balloon payload called LITOS (Leibniz-Institute Turbulence Observations in the Stratosphere) for high resolution wind turbulence soundings in the stratosphere up to 35 km altitude. The wind measurements are performed using a constant temperature anemometer (CTA) with a vertical resolution of ~2.5 mm, i.e. 2 kHz sampling rate at 5 m/s ascent speed. Thereby, for the first time, it is possible to study the entire turbulence spectrum down to the viscous subrange in the stratosphere. Including telemetry, housekeeping, batteries and recovery unit, the payload weighs less than 5 kg and can be launched from any radiosonde station. Since autumn 2007, LITOS has been successfully launched several times from the Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) in Kühlungsborn, Germany (54° N, 12° E). Two additional soundings were carried out in 2008 and 2009 in Kiruna, Sweden (67° N, 21° E) as part of the BEXUS program (Balloon-borne EXperiments for University Students). We describe here the basic principle of CTA measurements and prove the validity of this method in the stratosphere. A first case study allows a clear distinction between non-turbulent regions and a turbulent layer with a thickness of some tens of meters. Since our measurements cover the transition between the inertial and viscous subrange, energy dissipation rates can be calculated with high reliability.
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Umuzdaş, Mehmet Serkan, Hatice Tök, and Serpil Umuzdaş. "An Examination of the Performance Anxiety Levels of Undergraduate Music Teaching Students in the Instrument Exams According to Various Variables (Case of Tokat Province)." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 4 (July 27, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n4p221.
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Quantitative descriptive method was used in order to examine the state-trait and total anxiety levels of the students in the Undergraduate Music Teaching Program by gender, instrument difference, school year and academic achievement scores of students. The study has been conducted in the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year in Turkey with Tokat University Faculty of Education, Fine Arts Education Department Music Education Program students (n = 77). For data collection, "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" developed by Spielberg et al. (1964) and adopted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1983). The trait anxiety inventory was applied in a time period when the students were away from exam stress. The state anxiety inventory, on the other hand, was conducted just before the final exams. According to the results of the study, when the state-trait and total anxiety of the students receiving musical instrument education in Music Teacher Education Program is examined, it was found that there is a significant difference between trait and state anxiety, that female students' trait and total anxiety levels are higher, and the male students' state anxiety is higher; when it is considered in terms of instrument differences, it was seen that students playing stringed instruments have higher anxiety than those who play bow and wind instruments, A significant difference was found in terms of academic achievement scores in undergraduate freshman and senior students who have higher anxiety.
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Jurevičienė, Daiva, and Agnė Jakavonytė. "Alternative Investments: Valuation of Wine as a Means for Portfolio Diversification." Verslas: Teorija ir Praktika 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2015.606.
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This article analyses wine as an alternative investment tool and its relevance for investment portfolio diversification. Advantages and disadvantages of alternatives, benefits and weakness and peculiarities of investing in wine are systemised. In addition, the article looks at statistical data analysis of fine wine market and compares wine with other investment tools. The examination is based on three investment instruments: US equities (using SandP 500 index), bonds (using US 20-Year treasury constant maturity rate/DGS20) and wine (based on Fine Wine Investable index) using 1993–2012 (end of year) data. The investment portfolios made with two and three above-mentioned investment tools basing on H. Markowitz’s investment portfolio theory and effective curves are presented. It was found that return on investments only from equities and bonds or wine and one of these traditional instruments are signally less than from the investment mix of all three tools. Furthermore, portfolios made only from equities and bonds provide the lowest return compared to others. Choosing from two investments portfolios, results of bond/wine portfolios propose higher return with the same risk level compared to equities/wine portfolio. Consequently, despite some slowdown of wine index during financial crises, wine relevance for portfolio diversification in post crises period was proved.
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Cantalloube, F., E. H. Por, K. Dohlen, J. F. Sauvage, A. Vigan, M. Kasper, N. Bharmal, et al. "Origin of the asymmetry of the wind driven halo observed in high-contrast images." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): L10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834311.
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The latest generation of high-contrast instruments dedicated to exoplanets and circumstellar disk imaging are equipped with extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphs to reach contrasts of up to 10−4 at a few tenths of arcseconds in the near-infrared. The resulting image shows faint features, only revealed with this combination, such as the wind driven halo. The wind driven halo is due to the lag between the adaptive optics correction and the turbulence speed over the telescope pupil. However, we observe an asymmetry of this wind driven halo that was not expected when the instrument was designed. In this letter, we describe and demonstrate the physical origin of this asymmetry and support our explanation by simulating the asymmetry with an end-to-end approach. From this work, we find that the observed asymmetry is explained by the interference between the AO-lag error and scintillation effects, mainly originating from the fast jet stream layer located at about 12 km in altitude. Now identified and interpreted, this effect can be taken into account for further design of high-contrast imaging simulators, next generation or upgrade of high-contrast instruments, predictive control algorithms for adaptive optics, or image post-processing techniques.
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Wuttke, Sigrid, Gunther Seckmeyer, Germar Bernhard, James Ehramjian, Richard McKenzie, Paul Johnston, and Michael O'Neill. "New Spectroradiometers Complying with the NDSC Standards." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1826.1.
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Abstract The investigation of the effect of solar ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation on biological organisms and photochemical reactions requires spectral measurements of the desired radiation parameters of high accuracy. The Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) and the World Meteorological Organization have set up stringent requirements for high-quality spectral measurements of ultraviolet radiation. It is shown that two new instruments comply with these standards. One is the newly developed spectroradiometer of the Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. It is capable of covering the spectral range from the UV to the near-infrared (290–1050 nm) in a comparably fine resolution. One major aim is to deploy this instrument as a traveling NDSC spectroradiometer. The other new instrument is built for the U.S. National Science Foundation's UV Monitoring Network. It is designed to monitor UV and visible irradiance at high latitudes and covers a wavelength range from 280 to 600 nm. Data of both instruments show deviations of less than 5% for a wide range of atmospheric conditions compared to a NDSC spectroradiometer owned by the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory during the fifth North American Interagency Intercomparison for UV Spectroradiometers. Such deviations represent state-of-the-art instrumentation for conducting long-term measurements of solar UV radiation capable of detecting trends and supporting long-term measurements by traveling standards. Furthermore, there is now an instrument capable of measuring solar irradiance in a wavelength range from 250 to 1050 nm.
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Heap, Sara R., and Alexander S. Szalay. "The WFIRST Science Archive and Analysis Center." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (October 2016): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317002058.
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AbstractThe Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a 2.4 m telescope with a large field of view ( ~ 0.3 deg2) and fine angular resolution (0.11”). WFIRST’s Wide Field Instrument (WFI) will obtain images in the Z, Y, J, H, F184, W149 (wide) filter bands, and grism spectra of the same large field of view. The data volume of the WFIRST Science Archive is expected to reach a few Petabytes. We describe plans to enable users to find the data of interest and, if needed, to analyze the datain situusing sophisticated software tools provided by the archive. As preparation, we are building a mini-archive that will help us to define realistic science requirements and to design the full WFIRST Science Archive.
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Dziewiecki, Piotr. "Carrying the organ - the thing on the portative, part 2." Notes Muzyczny 1, no. 13 (June 9, 2020): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1905.
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The present article is the continuation of the text published in issue 12 of “Notes Muzyczny” from December 2019. This paper is devoted to discussing technical issues connected with designing and constructing Opus 1 Portative built by the author; it also touches on practical performance aspects of portative music. The instrument fully designed and constructed by the author is a one-octave portative with stoppedwoodenpipesanditssoundrangeisc1-c2withanoptiontoretunecs1intobandb 1 into cs2 or d2. The default tuning pitch is a=440Hz but it can be altered within 415-465Hz; the temperament may also be freely changed. One wedge bellow placed at the back of the instrument is used for bellow treading. A leather belt worn over the shoulder and the low weight of the construction allow for playing the instrument not only while sitting but also in a standing position. As compared to similar instruments, this portative has more extended case which fully covers the ends of pipes. Opus 1 Portative was built thanks to a few years of research studies and technical work of the author covering the construction of organ components and independent attempts to miniaturise them for the purpose of construction of this specific instrument. Thanks to that, in order to build Opus 1 the author used a few original solutions – e.g. the way of gluing top corners of the bellow, the way of regulating the airflow through the foot of the pipe or the technique of attaching the handle to the stopper of a stopped pipe, with the limited space above its body. The majority of experimental solutions brought satisfactory results and for the remaining ones Piotr Dziewiecki managed to find ways to overcome the difficulties which arose. The author uses the instrument in his own performance practice both for solo music and for playing in ensembles. The portative is very useful for both fields, ensuring wide dynamics and articulation-related capacities. They are connected with an option to very precisely control the pressure of air powering the pipes and with their way of blowing. Its characteristic sound, warm and full of depth, brings associations with human voice. Thanks to that, vocal-and- instrumental music performed on it, with the portative player rendering the singer’s part, sounds good.
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Metje, Jan, Fabiano Lever, Dennis Mayer, Richard James Squibb, Matthew S. Robinson, Mario Niebuhr, Raimund Feifel, Stefan Düsterer, and Markus Gühr. "URSA-PQ: A Mobile and Flexible Pump-Probe Instrument for Gas Phase Samples at the FLASH Free Electron Laser." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 7882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217882.
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We present a highly flexible and portable instrument to perform pump-probe spectroscopy with an optical and an X-ray pulse in the gas phase. The so-called URSA-PQ (German for ‘Ultraschnelle Röntgenspektroskopie zur Abfrage der Photoenergiekonversion an Quantensystemen’, Engl. ‘ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy for probing photoenergy conversion in quantum systems’) instrument is equipped with a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) and tools to characterize the spatial and temporal overlap of optical and X-ray laser pulses. Its adherence to the CAMP instrument dimensions allows for a wide range of sample sources as well as other spectrometers to be included in the setup. We present the main design and technical features of the instrument. The MBES performance was evaluated using Kr M4,5NN Auger lines using backfilled Kr gas, with an energy resolution ΔE/E ≅ 1/40 in the integrating operative mode. The time resolution of the setup at FLASH 2 FL 24 has been characterized with the help of an experiment on 2-thiouracil that is inserted via the instruments’ capillary oven. We find a time resolution of 190 fs using the molecular 2p photoline shift and attribute this to different origins in the UV-pump—the X-ray probe setup.
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Helton, Benjamin C. "The phenomenon of adults relearning instrumental music in an American wind band." International Journal of Music Education 38, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761419869137.
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As the world’s population continues to grow older, retired individuals seek out musical experiences. Many of these musicians are returning to playing in a wind band for the first time in decades, so they are, in essence, beginners again. The learning experiences of adults of returning to band contains both physical and social barriers but returning beginners are often able to overcome individual difficulties to find meaning and enjoyment in an activity they gave up many years ago. Twelve returning beginners from a New Horizons Band were interviewed and their experiences were analyzed through hermeneutic phenomenology to explore relearning an instrument through participation in an American wind band. Five themes emerged through the analysis: return of ability, awareness of physical change, consciousness of ability, continual progress, and ensemble concerns. These themes consisted of both individual and social components within the essence of returning to instrumental music through an American wind band. The essence of returning to band can help community ensemble directors derive pedagogical strategies and consider specific factors that could contribute to the adult music learning process.
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Varon, Daniel J., Daniel J. Jacob, Jason McKeever, Dylan Jervis, Berke O. A. Durak, Yan Xia, and Yi Huang. "Quantifying methane point sources from fine-scale satellite observations of atmospheric methane plumes." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 5673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5673-2018.
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Abstract. Anthropogenic methane emissions originate from a large number of relatively small point sources. The planned GHGSat satellite fleet aims to quantify emissions from individual point sources by measuring methane column plumes over selected ∼10×10 km2 domains with ≤50×50 m2 pixel resolution and 1 %–5 % measurement precision. Here we develop algorithms for retrieving point source rates from such measurements. We simulate a large ensemble of instantaneous methane column plumes at 50×50 m2 pixel resolution for a range of atmospheric conditions using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) in large eddy simulation (LES) mode and adding instrument noise. We show that standard methods to infer source rates by Gaussian plume inversion or source pixel mass balance are prone to large errors because the turbulence cannot be properly parameterized on the small scale of instantaneous methane plumes. The integrated mass enhancement (IME) method, which relates total plume mass to source rate, and the cross-sectional flux method, which infers source rate from fluxes across plume transects, are better adapted to the problem. We show that the IME method with local measurements of the 10 m wind speed can infer source rates with an error of 0.07–0.17 t h-1+5 %–12 % depending on instrument precision (1 %–5 %). The cross-sectional flux method has slightly larger errors (0.07–0.26 t h-1+8 %–12 %) but a simpler physical basis. For comparison, point sources larger than 0.3 t h−1 contribute more than 75 % of methane emissions reported to the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. Additional error applies if local wind speed measurements are not available and may dominate the overall error at low wind speeds. Low winds are beneficial for source detection but detrimental for source quantification.
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Vogel, F. R., L. Huang, D. Ernst, L. Giroux, S. Racki, and D. E. J. Worthy. "Evaluation of a cavity ring-down spectrometer for in situ observations of <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-301-2013.
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Abstract. With the emergence of wide-spread application of new optical techniques to monitor δ13C in atmospheric CO2 there is a growing need to ensure well-calibrated measurements. We characterized one commonly available instrument, a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) system used for continuous in situ monitoring of atmospheric 13CO2. We found no dependency of δ13C on the CO2 concentration in the range of 303–437 ppm. We designed a calibration scheme according to the diagnosed instrumental drifts and established a quality assurance protocol. We find that the repeatability (1-σ) of measurements is 0.25‰ for 10 min and 0.15‰ for 20 min integrated averages, respectively. Due to a spectral overlap, our instrument displays a cross-sensitivity to CH4 of 0.42 ± 0.024‰ ppm−1. Our ongoing target measurements yield standard deviations of δ13C from 0.22‰ to 0.28‰ for 10 min averages. We furthermore estimate the reproducibility of our system for ambient air samples from weekly measurements of a long-term target gas to be 0.18‰. We find only a minuscule offset of 0.002 ± 0.025‰ between the CRDS and Environment Canada's isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) results for four target gases used over the course of one year.
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Dall'Osto, Manuel, David C. S. Beddows, Eoin J. McGillicuddy, Johanna K. Esser-Gietl, Roy M. Harrison, and John C. Wenger. "On the simultaneous deployment of two single-particle mass spectrometers at an urban background and a roadside site during SAPUSS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2016): 9693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9693-2016.
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Abstract. The aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) provides size-resolved information on the chemical composition of single particles with high time resolution. Within SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies), continuous ATOFMS measurements of ambient particles were made simultaneously at two urban locations: urban background (UB) site and roadside (RS) site in the city of Barcelona (Spain) from 17 September to 18 October 2010. Two different instrumental configurations were used: ATOFMS (TSI 3800) with a converging nozzle inlet (high efficiency at about 800–2000 nm) at the UB site and ATOFMS (TSI 3800-100) with an aerodynamic lens inlet (high efficiency at about 300–700 nm) at the RS site. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that two ATOFMS instruments have been deployed in the same field study. The different instrument configurations had an impact on the observed particle types at the two sites. Nevertheless, 10 particle types were detected at both locations, including local and regional elemental carbon (22.7–58.9 % of total particles), fresh and aged sea salt (1.0–14.6 %), local and regional nitrate-containing aerosols (3–11.6 %), local lead-containing metallic particles (0.1–0.2 %), and transported Fe-nitrate particles (0.8–2.5 %). The ATOFMS at the UB also characterized four particle types: calcium-containing dust (0.9 %), Saharan dust (1.3 %), vanadium-containing particles (0.9 %), and vegetative debris (1.7 %). By contrast, the high statistical counts of fine particles detected at the RS allowed identification of eight particle types. Four of these contained organic nitrogen of primary and secondary origin, which highlights the complex nature of the sources and processes that contribute to this aerosol chemical component. Aminium salts were found related to coarse sulfate-rich particle types, suggesting heterogeneous reaction mechanisms for their formation. The other four particle types mainly containing organic carbon were found spiking at different types of the day, also showing a complex single-particle mixing state relationship between organic carbon and nitrate. This ATOFMS study clearly shows that the composition of atmospheric fine particles in Barcelona, and likely other Mediterranean urban areas, is complex, with a wide range of local and regional sources combining with chemical processing to produce at least 22 different particle types exhibiting different temporal behaviour. The advantage of using two ATOFMS instruments is also demonstrated, with the nozzle-skimmer configuration enabling detection of coarse dust particles and the aerodynamic lens configuration allowing better identification of particles rich in organic carbon and amines. Overall, we find that organic nitrogen is a considerable fraction of the single particles detected, especially at the traffic-dominated RS site. Further studies are needed, especially at high time resolution, to better understand the sources and properties of particulate organic nitrogen.
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Yasukawa, Shoichi, Tatsuki Miyoshi, Masayuki Yamamoto, Takashi Yamamoto, and Shinichi Ohya. "Standard Sample Package for Calibration of X-Ray Stress Measurement." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.242.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of our study is to provide standard samples for X-ray stress measurement. Typically zero adjustment is performed by a stress free sample which is a fine powder of pure metal. However, if the sample has stress (not stress-free), the stress value obtained by measurement can contain the errors caused by each stress measurement instrument. To solve this instrumental error, we have created a standard sample package. The sample package includes the following three samples. 1) Fluorescent powder to confirm the beam position and size. 2) Iron powder (particle size 6-8μm) to calibrate the zero-stress. 3) Bulk iron material which has approx. -100(MPa) of residual stress. Each sample has been laid out in a 6mm thick plate, and each sample can be selected by sliding the plate manually. By measuring the bulk material and the powder, correction and calibration of the stress measurement instrument is possible. The manufacturing process employed in this study has confirmed that the iron bulk material does not have residual stress and FWHM changes over time in the past 20 years. Therefore, the standard sample can be used semi permanently by adequate management. Correction of instrument by using this standard sample package increases the reliability of X-ray stress measurement method which will help to employ it in a wide range of practical uses.
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Martinović, Mihailo M., Kristopher G. Klein, and Hari G. Krishnan. "Wind/Waves Antenna Length Determined Using Quasi-Thermal Noise Spectroscopy." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ac8b0a.
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Abstract The Wind/Waves instrument has been collecting in situ electric field measurements in the solar wind as well as Earth's magnetosphere and geotail since 1994. The Thermal Noise Receiver (TNR) sub-instrument uses a wire dipole made of very long and thin whip antennas, highly convenient for Quasi-Thermal Noise (QTN) measurements. The instrument team has determined that twice during the mission, in 2000 and 2002, one of the antenna arms broke, changing the antenna response to plasma fluctuations. In this note, we use the QTN spectroscopy method developed specially for the TNR to determine the antenna length after each of these breaks. By parametrically varying the value of the antenna length used in the QTN calculation, we find that initial 50 m long antenna arm was initially shortened to ∼25.5 m in 2000, and then to ∼20 m in 2002.
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Russell, J. L. "Prospects for space Telescope in the search for other Planetary Systems." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 112 (1985): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900146376.
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The Hubble Space Telescope (ST) will be launched with five dedicated scientific instruments and a capability to do astrometric measurements with the fine guidance sensors. Four of these – the Faint Object Camera, the Wide Field Camera, the Fine Guidance Sensors and the High Speed Photometer – can be used in the search for extrasolar planetary systems. The Faint Object Camera will be able to directly detect planets around a few of the nearby bright stars. The Wide Field Camera and the Fine Guidance Sensors can be used astrometrically, both with an accuracy of about 2 mas per observation. The High Speed Photometer possibly can detect planets during occultation of stars by the moon and minor planets. The ST is expected to be launched in mid-1986 and these observations are the among the first planned with the instruments.
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Wang, Yang Feng, Yan Jun Ma, Zhong Yan Lu, Ning Wei Liu, Yun Hai Zhang, and Ye Hong. "Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1580.
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The variations of the atmospheric particles mass concentration, their pollution condition, and their relationships to visibility and wind speed have been studied by using the continuous concentration data of monitoring instrument GRIMM180 from Fushun air component monitoring station in 2009. The results show that the mean mass concentrations about PM10 and PM2.5 are respectively 0.073 ㎎/m3 and 0.048 ㎎/m3, and their daily average concentration has a large variation range. The ratio above air quality standard about PM10 daily average concentration is 5.9%, and the atmospheric particles exist mainly in the form of fine particles. The atmospheric particles mass concentration and the visibility show negative correlation, and the finer the particles are, the more they affect visibility. In general, the atmospheric particles mass concentration will gradually decrease with the rising of the wind speed. When the wind speed is more than 1.0 m/s, there is an obvious dilution effect on particles mass concentration, and when larger than 4.5 m/s, the relevance is not highly apparent.
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Monti, Lorenzo, Mattia Vincenzi, Silvia Mirri, Giovanni Pau, and Paola Salomoni. "RaveGuard: A Noise Monitoring Platform Using Low-End Microphones and Machine Learning." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 5583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195583.
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Urban noise is one of the most serious and underestimated environmental problems. According to the World Health Organization, noise pollution from traffic and other human activities, negatively impact the population health and life quality. Monitoring noise usually requires the use of professional and expensive instruments, called phonometers, able to accurately measure sound pressure levels. In many cases, phonometers are human-operated; therefore, periodic fine-granularity city-wide measurements are expensive. Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a window of opportunities for low-cost autonomous sound pressure meters. Such devices and platforms could enable fine time–space noise measurements throughout a city. Unfortunately, low-cost sound pressure sensors are inaccurate when compared with phonometers, experiencing a high variability in the measurements. In this paper, we present RaveGuard, an unmanned noise monitoring platform that exploits artificial intelligence strategies to improve the accuracy of low-cost devices. RaveGuard was initially deployed together with a professional phonometer for over two months in downtown Bologna, Italy, with the aim of collecting a large amount of precise noise pollution samples. The resulting datasets have been instrumental in designing InspectNoise, a library that can be exploited by IoT platforms, without the need of expensive phonometers, but obtaining a similar precision. In particular, we have applied supervised learning algorithms (adequately trained with our datasets) to reduce the accuracy gap between the professional phonometer and an IoT platform equipped with low-end devices and sensors. Results show that RaveGuard, combined with the InspectNoise library, achieves a 2.24% relative error compared to professional instruments, thus enabling low-cost unmanned city-wide noise monitoring.
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Rippon, Simon. "In Defense of the Wide-Scope Instrumental Principle." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 5, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v5i2.53.
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I make the observation that English sentences such as 添ou have reason to take the bus or to take the train� do not have the logical form that they superficially appear to have. I find in these sentences a conjunctive use of 登r,� as found in sentences like 添ou can have milk or lemon in your tea,� which gives you a permission to have milk, and a permission to have lemon, though no permission to have both. I argue that a confusion of genuine disjunctions with sentences of the above form has motivated the mistaken acceptance by some philosophers of principles like the one I call 鏑iberal Transmission.� This is the principle that if you have a reason to do something, then you have a reason to do it in each of the possible ways in which it can be done (though not more than one of them). I argue that Liberal Transmission and its close relatives are false. Wide-scope reasons are defined as reasons that have a conditional or other logical connective within the scope of the reason operator. For example, a wide-scope instrumental reason might be: reason(if you have an end, take the means). By refuting Liberal Transmission, I show that you could have wide-scope instrumental reasons like this while nevertheless lacking any narrow-scope reason to take the means, or narrow-scope reason to not have the end. This enables me to respond to two major objections to the wide-scope approach to the instrumental principle that have been developed by Joseph Raz and by Niko Kolodny.
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Rekha, K., J. Vanitha, and Aishwarya Kiran. "Effect of respiratory muscle training with wind instrument among obese individuals." Biomedicine 41, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i2.798.
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Introduction and Aim:One of the most utilized parts of the body when playing a wind instrument is diaphragm. It assists to blow air in and out of your lungs and into the instrument to create sound. Using controlled and measured breaths, the breathing and lung capacity could get improve. Even, music therapy, such as playing wind instrument has been used as a technique for managing and fastening recovery on a physical and emotional level.Therefore, aim of this study was to determine the effects of respiratory muscle training with wind instrument among obese individuals. The objective was to find out the effects of respiratory muscle training with wind instrument in improving maximum voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity and reducing dyspnoea among obese individuals.
Materials and Methods: Study included 40 individuals with obesity aged 18-30years. Participants were equally divided into 2 groups- A and B. Group A treated with wind instrument (flute) and group B treated with incentive spirometer, both the groups were treated for 5 days a week for 5 weeks in which 1 session per day for 40 minutes with 5 minutes of warm up, 10 minutes of breathing training, 20 minutes of intervention training program and 5 minutes of cool down. Both the groups were tested for maximum voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity using spirometry and dyspnea was graded with modified borg scale as a pre-test and post-test.
Results: The comparison of pre and post-test values of maximum voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity and modified borg scale showed a statistically significant difference with p-value <0.0001. While comparing the post-test values of maximum voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity and modified borg scale between group A and group B, group A showed higher result with statistical significant difference of p-value <0.0001.
Conclusion: Playing a wind instrument was found to be more effective than respiratory training using an incentive spirometer.
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Sato, Takahiro, James M. Glownia, Matthiew R. Ware, Matthieu Chollet, Silke Nelson, and Diling Zhu. "A simple instrument to find spatiotemporal overlap of optical/X-ray light at free-electron lasers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519002248.
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A compact and robust diagnostic to determine spatial and temporal overlap between X-ray free-electron laser and optical laser pulses was developed and evaluated using monochromatic X-rays from the Linac Coherent Light Source. It was used to determine temporal overlap with a resolution of ∼10 fs, despite the large pulse energy fluctuations of the monochromatic X-ray pulses, and covers a wide optical wavelength range from ultraviolet to near-infrared with a single configuration.
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Çelik, Gül, Murat Maden, Ahmet Savgat, and Hikmet Orhan. "Shaping ability of the profile 25/0.06 and protaper F2 in rotary motion, and reciproc in simulated canals." PeerJ 6 (December 14, 2018): e6109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6109.
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Background Since the introduction of nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) instruments to dentistry, a wide variety of Ni–Ti instruments have become commercially available. These Ni–Ti instruments are expensive, which limits their usage in developing countries and forces practitioners to use instruments repeatedly. Another problem is the possible prion cross-contamination associated with the multiple usage of endodontic instruments. In addition, the use of these instruments requires new skills and experience. In this article, the shaping capacities of two conventional rotary file systems, ProFile 25/0.06 and ProTaper F2, were reviewed and compared with the Reciproc single-file system. Methods A total of 45 simulated canals with 40° curvature, in clear resin blocks, were prepared using conventional rotary systems consisting of ProFile orifice shaping (OS) #3 and final flaring #25/.06, Reciproc R25, and ProTaper shaping file SX and finishing file F2. Pre-and post-instrumentation images were analyzed at ten different levels, using AutoCAD 2007 software. The measurement positions were defined in 1-mm intervals: positions 0–3 established the apical part, positions 4–6 constituted the middle part, and positions 7–10 established the coronal part of the canal. The amount of removed resin, the transportation, instrumentation time, change in working length (WL), instrumentation fractures, and the presence of ledge were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and independent t-test (p < 0.001). Results ProFile removed the least resin (p < 0.001) and caused less transportation than Reciproc and ProTaper, in total (p < 0.001). ProTaper caused more transportation ProFile and Reciproc in the apical part (p < 0.000). Reciproc caused more transportation than ProTaper and ProFile (p < 0.001), and the transportation tendency toward the inner aspect of the curvature in the middle part. Reciproc caused the less transportation than ProFile and ProTaper in the coronal part. The transportations tended to occur toward the outside of the curvature, except the middle part with Reciproc and at points 5 and 6 with ProTaper. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of maintaining the original WL. Reciproc was significantly faster than the others group (p < 0.001). Only one instrument fracture (25/0.06 ProFile) was noted. All groups showed one ledge each. Discussion The results of the present study showed that both ProFile 25/06 and ProTaper F2, combined with a file used for coronal enlargement (OS3 and SX), have the potential to create satisfactory canal shape in the curved root canals. Further studies using real human teeth are needed to confirm our results.
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Washenfelder, R. A., A. O. Langford, H. Fuchs, and S. S. Brown. "Measurement of glyoxal using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 29, 2008): 16517–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-16517-2008.
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Abstract. We describe an instrument for simultaneous measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The output of a Xenon arc lamp is coupled into a 1 m optical cavity, and the spectrum of light exiting the cavity is recorded by a grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector. The mirror reflectivity and effective path lengths are determined from the known Rayleigh scattering of He and dry zero air (N2+O2). Least-squares fitting, using published reference spectra, allow the simultaneous retrieval of CHOCHO, NO2, O4, and H2O in the 441 to 469 nm spectral range. For a 1-min sampling time, the minimum detectable absorption is 4×10−10 cm−1, and the precision (±1σ) on signal for measurements of CHOCHO and NO2 is 29 pptv and 20 pptv, respectively. We directly compare the incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer to 404 and 532 nm cavity ringdown instruments for CHOCHO and NO2 detection, and find linear agreement over a wide range of concentrations. The instrument has been tested in the laboratory with both synthetic and real air samples, and the demonstrated sensitivity and specificity suggest a strong potential for field measurements of both CHOCHO and NO2.