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Journal articles on the topic 'Fine timescale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Gyasi-Agyei, Yeboah. "Evaluation of the effects of temperature changes on fine timescale rainfall." Water Resources Research 49, no. 7 (2013): 4379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20369.

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Mancillas, Brisa, Pierre-Alain Duc, Françoise Combes, et al. "Probing the merger history of red early-type galaxies with their faint stellar substructures." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (December 2019): A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936320.

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Several detailed observations, such as those carried out at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), have revealed prominent Low Surface Brightness (LSB) fine structures that lead to a change in the apparent morphology of galaxies. Previous photometry surveys have developed observational techniques which make use of the diffuse light detected in the external regions of galaxies. In these studies, the outer perturbations have been identified and classified. These include tidal tails, stellar streams, and shells. These structures serve as tracers for interacting events and merging events and r

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Barth, Anders, Jelle Hendrix, Daniel Fried, Yoav Barak, Edward A. Bayer, and Don C. Lamb. "Dynamic interactions of type I cohesin modules fine-tune the structure of the cellulosome ofClostridium thermocellum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (2018): E11274—E11283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809283115.

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Efficient degradation of plant cell walls by selected anaerobic bacteria is performed by large extracellular multienzyme complexes termed cellulosomes. The spatial arrangement within the cellulosome is organized by a protein called scaffoldin, which recruits the cellulolytic subunits through interactions between cohesin modules on the scaffoldin and dockerin modules on the enzymes. Although many structural studies of the individual components of cellulosomal scaffoldins have been performed, the role of interactions between individual cohesin modules and the flexible linker regions between them

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Asatrian, Norayr S. "Hour-timescale profile variations in the broad Balmer lines of the Seyfert galaxy Hour-timescale profile variations in the broad Balmer lines of the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 6." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S304 (2013): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314004426.

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AbstractPart of results of the multi-epoch intranight optical spectroscopic monitoring of the Markarian 6 nucleus carried out at the telescopes of 6-m of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia), 2.6-m of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (Armenia) and 2-m of the Tautenburg Observatory (Germany) is presented.Observations were made in 1979, 1986, 1988-1991 and 2007-2009 during a total of 33 nights with an average sampling rate of 4 spectra per night. TV-scanner and long-slit spectrographs equipped with Image Tube and CCD detector arrays were used. Altogether we analyzed 110 Hβ and 58

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An, Zhisheng, Ru-Jin Huang, Renyi Zhang, et al. "Severe haze in northern China: A synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 18 (2019): 8657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900125116.

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Regional severe haze represents an enormous environmental problem in China, influencing air quality, human health, ecosystem, weather, and climate. These extremes are characterized by exceedingly high concentrations of fine particulate matter (smaller than 2.5 µm, or PM2.5) and occur with extensive temporal (on a daily, weekly, to monthly timescale) and spatial (over a million square kilometers) coverage. Although significant advances have been made in field measurements, model simulations, and laboratory experiments for fine PM over recent years, the causes for severe haze formation have not

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Pao, Chih-Wen, Jeng-Lung Chen, Jyh-Fu Lee, et al. "The new X-ray absorption fine-structure beamline with sub-second time resolution at the Taiwan Photon Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 3 (2021): 930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521001740.

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The new TPS 44A beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source, located at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, is presented. This beamline is equipped with a new quick-scanning monochromator (Q-Mono), which can provide both conventional step-by-step scans (s-scans) and on-the-fly scans (q-scans) for X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy experiments, including X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectral measurements. Ti and Te K-edge XAFS spectra were used to demonstrate the capability of collecting spectra at th

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Fasoli, Benjamin, John C. Lin, David R. Bowling, Logan Mitchell, and Daniel Mendoza. "Simulating atmospheric tracer concentrations for spatially distributed receptors: updates to the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model's R interface (STILT-R version 2)." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 7 (2018): 2813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2813-2018.

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Abstract. The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model is comprised of a compiled Fortran executable that carries out advection and dispersion calculations as well as a higher-level code layer for simulation control and user interaction, written in the open-source data analysis language R. We introduce modifications to the STILT-R code base with the aim to improve the model's applicability to fine-scale (< 1 km) trace gas measurement studies. The changes facilitate placement of spatially distributed receptors and provide high-level methods for single- and multi-node paral

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Skyllakou, K., B. N. Murphy, A. G. Megaritis, C. Fountoukis, and S. N. Pandis. "Contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in the megacity of Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 25769–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-25769-2013.

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Abstract. The Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) is used together with PMCAMx, a regional chemical transport model, to estimate how local emissions and pollutant transport affect primary and secondary particulate matter mass concentration levels in Paris. During the summer and the winter periods examined, only 13% of the PM2.5 is predicted to be due to local Paris emissions, with 36% coming from mid range (50–500 km from the center of the Paris) sources and 51% from long range transport (more than 500 km from Paris). The local emissions contribution to predicted elementa

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Skyllakou, K., B. N. Murphy, A. G. Megaritis, C. Fountoukis, and S. N. Pandis. "Contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in the megacity of Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 5 (2014): 2343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2343-2014.

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Abstract. The particulate matter source apportionment technology (PSAT) is used together with PMCAMx, a regional chemical transport model, to estimate how local emissions and pollutant transport affect primary and secondary particulate matter mass concentration levels in Paris. During the summer and the winter periods examined, only 13% of the PM2.5 is predicted to be due to local Paris emissions, with 36% coming from mid-range (50–500 km from the center of the Paris) sources and 51% from long range transport (more than 500 km from Paris). The local emissions contribution to simulated elementa

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Sandora, McCullen. "Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: The Number of Stars and Their Properties." Universe 5, no. 6 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060149.

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In a multiverse setting, we expect to be situated in a universe that is exceptionally good at producing life. Though the conditions for what life needs to arise and thrive are currently unknown, many will be tested in the coming decades. Here we investigate several different habitability criteria, and their influence on multiverse expectations: Does complex life need photosynthesis? Is there a minimum timescale necessary for development? Can life arise on tidally locked planets? Are convective stars habitable? Variously adopting different stances on each of these criteria can alter whether our

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Neppl, Stefan, Johannes Mahl, Anton S. Tremsin, et al. "Towards efficient time-resolved X-ray absorption studies of electron dynamics at photocatalytic interfaces." Faraday Discussions 194 (2016): 659–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00125d.

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We present a picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) setup designed for synchrotron-based studies of interfacial photochemical dynamics. The apparatus combines a high power, variable repetition rate picosecond laser system with a time-resolved X-ray fluorescence yield detection technique. Time-tagging of the detected fluorescence signals enables the parallel acquisition of X-ray absorption spectra at a variety of pump–probe delays employing the well-defined time structure of the X-ray pulse trains. The viability of the setup is demonstrated by resolving dynamic changes

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Metman, Maurits C., Philip W. Livermore, Jonathan E. Mound, and Ciarán D. Beggan. "Modelling decadal secular variation with only magnetic diffusion." Geophysical Journal International 219, Supplement_1 (2019): S58—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz089.

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SUMMARY Secular variation (SV) of Earth’s internal magnetic field is the sum of two contributions, one resulting from core fluid flow and the other from magnetic diffusion. Based on the millenial diffusive timescale of global-scale structures, magnetic diffusion is widely perceived to be too weak to significantly contribute to decadal SV, and indeed is entirely neglected in the commonly adopted end-member of frozen-flux. Such an argument however lacks consideration of radially fine-scaled magnetic structures in the outermost part of the liquid core, whose diffusive timescale is much shorter. H

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Morrison, Sara E., Vincent B. McGinty, Johann du Hoffmann, and Saleem M. Nicola. "Limbic-motor integration by neural excitations and inhibitions in the nucleus accumbens." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 5 (2017): 2549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00465.2017.

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The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has often been described as a “limbic-motor interface,” implying that the NAc integrates the value of expected rewards with the motor planning required to obtain them. However, there is little direct evidence that the signaling of individual NAc neurons combines information about predicted reward and behavioral response. We report that cue-evoked neural responses in the NAc form a likely physiological substrate for its limbic-motor integration function. Across task contexts, individual NAc neurons in behaving rats robustly encode the reward-predictive qualities of a

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Omukai, K., R. Nishi, H. Uehara, and H. Susa. "Evolution of Primordial Protostellar Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 183 (1999): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900132413.

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The formation of stars in proto-galactic clouds can be viewed as two step processes i.e. the fragmentation of proto-galactic clouds and evolution of these fragments into stars. We consider here the latter process, the contraction of protosteller clouds (∼ 1M⊙) which consist of primordial gas. We investigate cooling processes by calculating the radiative transfer of H2 rotational/vibrational lines. We consider clouds in hydrostatic equilibrium as initial conditions. Comparing two timescales, the freefall time and the timescale of quasi-static contraction (∼ tcool, the cooling time) of these clo

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Moni, C., D. Derrien, P. J. Hatton, B. Zeller, and M. Kleber. "Density fractions versus size separates: does physical fractionation isolate functional soil compartments?" Biogeosciences 9, no. 12 (2012): 5181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5181-2012.

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Abstract. Physical fractionation is a widely used methodology to study soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but concerns have been raised that the available fractionation methods do not well describe functional SOM pools. In this study we explore whether physical fractionation techniques isolate soil compartments in a meaningful and functionally relevant way for the investigation of litter-derived nitrogen dynamics at the decadal timescale. We do so by performing aggregate density fractionation (ADF) and particle size-density fractionation (PSDF) on mineral soil samples from two European beech

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Münch, Thomas, and Thomas Laepple. "What climate signal is contained in decadal- to centennial-scale isotope variations from Antarctic ice cores?" Climate of the Past 14, no. 12 (2018): 2053–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2053-2018.

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Abstract. Ice-core-based records of isotopic composition are a proxy for past temperatures and can thus provide information on polar climate variability over a large range of timescales. However, individual isotope records are affected by a multitude of processes that may mask the true temperature variability. The relative magnitude of climate and non-climate contributions is expected to vary as a function of timescale, and thus it is crucial to determine those temporal scales on which the actual signal dominates the noise. At present, there are no reliable estimates of this timescale dependen

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Meru, Farzana, and Matthew R. Bate. "Non-convergence of the critical cooling timescale for fragmentation of self-gravitating discs." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S276 (2010): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311020709.

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AbstractWe carry out a resolution study on the fragmentation boundary of self-gravitating discs. We perform three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of discs to determine whether the critical value of the cooling timescale in units of the orbital timescale, βcrit, converges with increasing resolution. Using particle numbers ranging from 31,250 to 16 million (the highest resolution simulations to date) we do not find convergence. Instead, fragmentation occurs for longer cooling timescales as the resolution is increased. These results certainly suggest that βcrit is la

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18

Stephens, Greg J., Christopher J. Honey, and Uri Hasson. "A place for time: the spatiotemporal structure of neural dynamics during natural audition." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 9 (2013): 2019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00268.2013.

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We use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze neural responses to natural auditory stimuli. We characterize the fMRI time series through the shape of the voxel power spectrum and find that the timescales of neural dynamics vary along a spatial gradient, with faster dynamics in early auditory cortex and slower dynamics in higher order brain regions. The timescale gradient is observed through the unsupervised clustering of the power spectra of individual brains, both in the presence and absence of a stimulus, and is enhanced in the stimulus-locked component that is shared across

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19

CUSTÓDIO, P. S., and J. E. HORVATH. "COSMOLOGICAL QUINTESSENCE ACCRETION ONTO PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES: CONDITIONS FOR THEIR GROWTH TO THE SUPERMASSIVE SCALE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 02 (2005): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006043.

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In this work we revisit the growth of small primordial black holes (PBHs) immersed in a quintessential field and/or radiation to the supermassive black hole (SMBHs) scale. We show the difficulties of scenarios in which such huge growth is possible. For that purpose we evaluated analytical solutions of the differential equations (describing mass evolution) and point out the strong fine tuning for the conclusions. The timescale for growth in a model with a constant quintessence flux is calculated and we show that it is much bigger than the Hubble time. The fractional gain of the mass is further

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Helinski, Matthew, Martin Fahey, and Andy Fourie. "Coupled two-dimensional finite element modelling of mine backfilling with cemented tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 11 (2010): 1187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-020.

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Mine backfilling is a process whereby mine tailings mixed with small amounts of cement are placed hydraulically into mined-out voids (“stopes”) to stabilize the rockmass and allow full extraction of adjacent ore. A containment barricade is constructed to block the access point at the base of the stope, the design of which requires calculation of the total stress on the barricade during and following filling. For fine-grained backfill containing cement, the rate of development of stresses is governed by the rates of filling, consolidation, and cement hydration, each with its own timescale. As “

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Chatterjee, Tapan K. "Nuclear Activity in Interacting Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900176727.

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Dynamical studies of galactic collisions, conducted previously (Chatterjee, 1992, 1993a, b), indicated that most of the mergers take place in two to three shrinking orbital periods. We extend this line of research work to study induced nuclear activity. We study the binary evolution of a spiral galaxy perturbed by a compact elliptical galaxy of comparable mass and find that each time the perturber penetrates the disk of the spiral, the disk is subjected to an appropriate perturbation, causing inflow of gas towards its nucleus due to loss of angular momentum; there it could activate an inert bl

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Wang, Y., M. Notaro, Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, S. Levis, and J. E. Kutzbach. "Detecting vegetation-precipitation feedbacks in mid-Holocene North Africa from two climate models." Climate of the Past Discussions 3, no. 4 (2007): 961–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-3-961-2007.

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Abstract. Using two climate-vegetation model simulations from the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM) and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM, version 2), we investigate vegetation-precipitation feedbacks across North Africa during the mid-Holocene. From mid-Holocene snapshot runs of FOAM and CCSM2, we detect a negative feedback at the annual timescale with our statistical analysis. Using the Monte-Carlo bootstrap method, the annual negative feedback is further confirmed to be significant in both simulations. Additional analysis shows that this negative interaction is partially caused by t

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Wang, Y., M. Notaro, Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, S. Levis, and J. E. Kutzbach. "Detecting vegetation-precipitation feedbacks in mid-Holocene North Africa from two climate models." Climate of the Past 4, no. 1 (2008): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-59-2008.

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Abstract. Using two climate-vegetation model simulations from the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM) and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM, version 2), we investigate vegetation-precipitation feedbacks across North Africa during the mid-Holocene. From mid-Holocene snapshot runs of FOAM and CCSM2, we detect a negative feedback at the annual timescale with our statistical analysis. Using the Monte-Carlo bootstrap method, the annual negative feedback is further confirmed to be significant in both simulations. Additional analysis shows that this negative interaction is partially caused by t

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Konijnendijk, T. Y. M., S. L. Weber, E. Tuenter, and M. van Weele. "Methane variations on orbital timescales: a transient modeling experiment." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 1 (2011): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-47-2011.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) variations on orbital timescales are often associated with variations in wetland coverage, most notably in the summer monsoon areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Here we test this assumption by simulating orbitally forced variations in global wetland emissions, using a simple wetland distribution and CH4 emissions model that was coupled off-line to a climate model containing atmosphere, ocean and vegetation components. The transient climate modeling simulation extends over the last 650 000 yrs and includes variations in land-ice distribution and greenhouse gases. Tropical

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Du, Andrew, Andrew M. Zipkin, Kevin G. Hatala, et al. "Pattern and process in hominin brain size evolution are scale-dependent." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1873 (2018): 20172738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2738.

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A large brain is a defining feature of modern humans, yet there is no consensus regarding the patterns, rates and processes involved in hominin brain size evolution. We use a reliable proxy for brain size in fossils, endocranial volume (ECV), to better understand how brain size evolved at both clade- and lineage-level scales. For the hominin clade overall, the dominant signal is consistent with a gradual increase in brain size. This gradual trend appears to have been generated primarily by processes operating within hypothesized lineages—64% or 88% depending on whether one uses a more or less

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Cong, Linxiao, Jianchao Mu, Qian Liu, et al. "Thermal Noise Decoupling of Micro-Newton Thrust Measured in a Torsion Balance." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081357.

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The space gravitational wave detection and drag free control requires the micro-thruster to have ultra-low thrust noise within 0.1 mHz–0.1 Hz, which brings a great challenge to calibration on the ground because it is impossible to shield any spurious couplings due to the asymmetry of torsion balance. Most thrusters dissipate heat during the test, making the rotation axis tilt and components undergo thermal drift, which is hysteretic and asymmetric for micro-Newton thrust measurement. With reference to LISA’s research and coming up with ideas inspired from proportional-integral-derivative (PID)

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Lystrup, M. B., S. Miller, T. Stallard, C. G. A. Smith, and A. Aylward. "Variability of Jovian ion winds: an upper limit for enhanced Joule heating." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 4 (2007): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-847-2007.

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Abstract. It has been proposed that short-timescale fluctuations about the mean electric field can significantly increase the upper atmospheric energy inputs at Jupiter, which may help to explain the high observed thermospheric temperatures. We present data from the first attempt to detect such variations in the Jovian ionosphere. Line-of-sight ionospheric velocity profiles in the Southern Jovian auroral/polar region are shown, derived from the Doppler shifting of H3+ infrared emission spectra. These data were recently obtained from the high-resolution CSHELL spectrometer at the NASA Infrared

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Steiger, Nathan, and Gregory Hakim. "Multi-timescale data assimilation for atmosphere–ocean state estimates." Climate of the Past 12, no. 6 (2016): 1375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1375-2016.

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Abstract. Paleoclimate proxy data span seasonal to millennial timescales, and Earth's climate system has both high- and low-frequency components. Yet it is currently unclear how best to incorporate multiple timescales of proxy data into a single reconstruction framework and to also capture both high- and low-frequency components of reconstructed variables. Here we present a data assimilation approach that can explicitly incorporate proxy data at arbitrary timescales. The principal advantage of using such an approach is that it allows much more proxy data to inform a climate reconstruction, tho

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Schepper, Rob, Rafael Almar, Erwin Bergsma, et al. "Modelling Cross-Shore Shoreline Change on Multiple Timescales and Their Interactions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060582.

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In this paper, a new approach to model wave-driven, cross-shore shoreline change incorporating multiple timescales is introduced. As a base, we use the equilibrium shoreline prediction model ShoreFor that accounts for a single timescale only. High-resolution shoreline data collected at three distinctly different study sites is used to train the new data-driven model. In addition to the direct forcing approach used in most models, here two additional terms are introduced: a time-upscaling and a time-downscaling term. The upscaling term accounts for the persistent effect of short-term events, su

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Adams, Keith L. "Insights into the evolution of duplicate gene expression in polyploids from GossypiumThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research." Botany 86, no. 8 (2008): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-042.

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Polyploidy is a prominent mechanism of speciation in plants that can lead to novel phenotypes. Polyploidy is characterized by novel genetic and genomic consequences that provide raw material for morphological evolution. Polyploids often exhibit changes in genome organization and gene expression compared with their diploid progenitors. The five allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium) species and newly created cotton neopolyploids have been developed as a useful group for studies of duplicated gene expression in polyploids. Here I review recent studies on the evolution of duplicate gene expression in p

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Zamani Esfahlani, Farnaz, Youngheun Jo, Joshua Faskowitz, et al. "High-amplitude cofluctuations in cortical activity drive functional connectivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 45 (2020): 28393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005531117.

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Resting-state functional connectivity is used throughout neuroscience to study brain organization and to generate biomarkers of development, disease, and cognition. The processes that give rise to correlated activity are, however, poorly understood. Here we decompose resting-state functional connectivity using a temporal unwrapping procedure to assess the contributions of moment-to-moment activity cofluctuations to the overall connectivity pattern. This approach temporally resolves functional connectivity at a timescale of single frames, which enables us to make direct comparisons of cofluctua

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Goodwin, Philip, and B. B. Cael. "Bayesian estimation of Earth's climate sensitivity and transient climate response from observational warming and heat content datasets." Earth System Dynamics 12, no. 2 (2021): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-709-2021.

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Abstract. Future climate change projections, impacts, and mitigation targets are directly affected by how sensitive Earth's global mean surface temperature is to anthropogenic forcing, expressed via the climate sensitivity (S) and transient climate response (TCR). However, the S and TCR are poorly constrained, in part because historic observations and future climate projections consider the climate system under different response timescales with potentially different climate feedback strengths. Here, we evaluate S and TCR by using historic observations of surface warming, available since the m

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Konijnendijk, T. Y. M., S. L. Weber, E. Tuenter, and M. van Weele. "Methane variations on orbital timescales: a transient modeling experiment." Climate of the Past 7, no. 2 (2011): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-635-2011.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) variations on orbital timescales are often associated with variations in wetland coverage, most notably in the summer monsoon areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Here we test this assumption by simulating orbitally forced variations in global wetland emissions, using a simple wetland distribution and CH4 emissions model that has been run on the output of a climate model (CLIMBER-2) containing atmosphere, ocean and vegetation components. The transient climate modeling simulation extends over the last 650 000 yr and includes variations in land-ice distribution and greenhous

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Chandan, Deepak, and W. Richard Peltier. "On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures." Climate of the Past 14, no. 6 (2018): 825–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-825-2018.

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Abstract. We present results from our investigation into the physical mechanisms through which the mid-Pliocene, with a pCO2 of only ∼ 400 ppmv, could have supported the same magnitude of global warmth as has been projected for the climate at the end of the 21st century when pCO2 is expected to be 3 times higher. These mechanisms allow us to understand the warming in terms of changes to the radiative properties of the surface, the clouds, greenhouse gases, and changes to the meridional heat transport. We find that two-thirds of the warming pervasive during the mid-Pliocene, compared to the pre

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Neish, C. D., R. D. Lorenz, and D. P. O'Brien. "The potential for prebiotic chemistry in the possible cryovolcanic dome Ganesa Macula on Titan." International Journal of Astrobiology 5, no. 1 (2006): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406002898.

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New observations of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft suggest the presence of cryovolcanism on the surface. Cryovolcanism has important astrobiological implications, as it provides a means of exposing Titan's organics to liquid water, transforming hydrocarbons and nitriles into more evolved and oxidized prebiotic species. One possible cryovolcano – the 180 km structure Ganesa Macula – resembles the pancake domes seen on Venus by the Magellan spacecraft. To assess the potential of Ganesa Macula for prebiotic chemistry, we estimate its height using radarclinometry and other methods, and calculate

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Smith, Matthew A., Xiaoxuan Jia, Amin Zandvakili, and Adam Kohn. "Laminar dependence of neuronal correlations in visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (2013): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00846.2012.

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Neuronal responses are correlated on a range of timescales. Correlations can affect population coding and may play an important role in cortical function. Correlations are known to depend on stimulus drive, behavioral context, and experience, but the mechanisms that determine their properties are poorly understood. Here we make use of the laminar organization of cortex, with its variations in sources of input, local circuit architecture, and neuronal properties, to test whether networks engaged in similar functions but with distinct properties generate different patterns of correlation. We fin

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van Ramshorst, Justus G. V., Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Bart Schilperoort, et al. "Revisiting wind speed measurements using actively heated fiber optics: a wind tunnel study." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (2020): 5423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5423-2020.

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Abstract. Near-surface wind speed is typically only measured by point observations. The actively heated fiber-optic (AHFO) technique, however, has the potential to provide high-resolution distributed observations of wind speeds, allowing for better spatial characterization of fine-scale processes. Before AHFO can be widely used, its performance needs to be tested in a range of settings. In this work, experimental results on this novel observational wind-probing technique are presented. We utilized a controlled wind tunnel setup to assess both the accuracy and the precision of AHFO under a rang

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Rousseau, D. D., P. Antoine, N. Gerasimenko, et al. "North Atlantic abrupt climatic events of the Last Glacial period recorded in Ukrainian loess deposits." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 5 (2010): 1959–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-1959-2010.

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Abstract. Loess deposits are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where they have recorded not only the glacial-interglacial cycles, but also millennial-timescale changes resembling those in marine and ice cores. Such abrupt variations are clearly marked in Western European series, but have not yet been evidenced in the east of the continent. Here we present results of the high-resolution investigation of a Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial loess sequence (~38–15 ka) from Stayky, Ukraine. The stratigraphy shows an alternation of loess horizons and embryonic soils, similar to sequences f

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Rousseau, D. D., P. Antoine, N. Gerasimenko, et al. "North Atlantic abrupt climatic events of the last glacial period recorded in Ukrainian loess deposits." Climate of the Past 7, no. 1 (2011): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-221-2011.

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Abstract. Loess deposits are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where they have recorded not only the glacial-interglacial cycles, but also millennial-timescale changes resembling those in marine and ice cores. Such abrupt variations are clearly marked in western European series, but have not yet been evidenced in the East of the continent. Here we present results of the high-resolution investigation of a Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial loess sequence (~38–15 ka) from Stayky, Ukraine. The stratigraphy shows an alternation of loess horizons and embryonic soils, similar to sequences f

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Zhang, J., J. Liu, S. Tao, and G. A. Ban-Weiss. "Long-range transport of black carbon to the Pacific Ocean and its dependence on aging timescale." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 12 (2015): 16945–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-16945-2015.

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Abstract. Improving the ability of global models to predict concentrations of black carbon (BC) over the Pacific Ocean is essential to evaluate the impact of BC on marine climate. In this study, we tag BC tracers from 13 source regions around the globe in a global chemical transport model MOZART-4. Numerous sensitivity simulations are carried out varying the aging timescale of BC emitted from each source region. The aging timescale for each source region is optimized by minimizing errors in vertical profiles of BC mass mixing ratios between simulations and HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIP

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Zhang, J., J. Liu, S. Tao, and G. A. Ban-Weiss. "Long-range transport of black carbon to the Pacific Ocean and its dependence on aging timescale." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (2015): 11521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11521-2015.

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Abstract. Improving the ability of global models to predict concentrations of black carbon (BC) over the Pacific Ocean is essential to evaluate the impact of BC on marine climate. In this study, we tag BC tracers from 13 source regions around the globe in a global chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4). Numerous sensitivity simulations are carried out varying the aging timescale of BC emitted from each source region. The aging timescale for each source region is optimized by minimizing errors in vertical profiles of BC mass mixing ratios be

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Martínez-de la Torre, Alberto, Eleanor Blyth, and Emma Robinson. "Evaluation of Drydown Processes in Global Land Surface and Hydrological Models Using Flux Tower Evapotranspiration." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020356.

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A key aspect of the land surface response to the atmosphere is how quickly it dries after a rainfall event. It is key because it will determine the intensity and speed of the propagation of drought and also affects the atmospheric state through changes in the surface heat exchanges. Here, we test the theory that this response can be studied as an inherent property of the land surface that is unchanging over time unless the above- and below-ground structures change. This is important as a drydown metric can be used to evaluate a landscape and its response to atmospheric drivers in models used i

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Roe, Gerard H., and Michael A. O’Neal. "The response of glaciers to intrinsic climate variability: observations and models of late-Holocene variations in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 193 (2009): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152438.

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AbstractDiscriminating between glacier variations due to natural climate variability and those due to true climate change is crucial for the interpretation and attribution of past glacier changes, and for the expectations of future changes. We explore this issue for the well-documented glaciers of Mount Baker in the Cascades Mountains of Washington State, USA, using glacier histories, glacier modeling, weather data and numerical weather model output. We find that natural variability alone is capable of producing kilometer-scale excursions in glacier length on multi-decadal and centennial times

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Brick, Tim. "SEQUENCE MINING FOR COMPLEX PATTERN FINDING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1383.

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Abstract The processes of aging play out across multiple variables and multiple timescales, with patterns of daily, and weekly behavior that may be influenced by each other and by changes across the aging process. Further, many of these patterns do not fit neatly into the linear modeling approaches common in the field. Sequence mining, an approach from the data mining literature, provides a means of identifying commonalities and differences in these sequences in ways that can begin to handle the multivariate and multi-timescale nature of behaviors in aging. In this talk, I present an example o

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Steimer, S. S., M. Lampimäki, E. Coz, G. Grzinic, and M. Ammann. "The influence of physical state on shikimic acid ozonolysis: a case for in situ microspectroscopy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 19 (2014): 10761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10761-2014.

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Abstract. Atmospheric soluble organic aerosol material can become solid or semi-solid. Due to increasing viscosity and decreasing diffusivity, this can impact important processes such as gas uptake and reactivity within aerosols containing such substances. This work explores the dependence of shikimic acid ozonolysis on humidity and thereby viscosity. Shikimic acid, a proxy for oxygenated reactive organic material, reacts with O3 in a Criegee-type reaction. We used an environmental microreactor embedded in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) to probe this oxidation process. This te

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Shin, Nagai, Taku M. Saitoh, and Kenlo Nishida Nasahara. "How did the characteristics of the growing season change during the past 100 years at a steep river basin in Japan?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0255078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255078.

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The effects of climate change on plant phenological events such as flowering, leaf flush, and leaf fall may be greater in steep river basins than at the horizontal scale of countries and continents. This possibility is due to the effect of temperature on plant phenology and the difference between vertical and horizontal gradients in temperature sensitivities. We calculated the dates of the start (SGS) and end of the growing season (EGS) in a steep river basin located in a mountainous region of central Japan over a century timescale by using a degree-day phenological model based on long-term, c

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Drury, Jonathan P., Madeline C. Cowen, and Gregory F. Grether. "Competition and hybridization drive interspecific territoriality in birds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (2020): 12923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921380117.

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Costly interactions between species that arise as a by-product of ancestral similarities in communication signals are expected to persist only under specific evolutionary circumstances. Territorial aggression between species, for instance, is widely assumed to persist only when extrinsic barriers prevent niche divergence or selection in sympatry is too weak to overcome gene flow from allopatry. However, recent theoretical and comparative studies have challenged this view. Here we present a large-scale, phylogenetic analysis of the distribution and determinants of interspecific territoriality.

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Day, Jonathan J., Steffen Tietsche, Mat Collins, et al. "The Arctic Predictability and Prediction on Seasonal-to-Interannual TimEscales (APPOSITE) data set version 1." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 6 (2016): 2255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2255-2016.

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Abstract. Recent decades have seen significant developments in climate prediction capabilities at seasonal-to-interannual timescales. However, until recently the potential of such systems to predict Arctic climate had rarely been assessed. This paper describes a multi-model predictability experiment which was run as part of the Arctic Predictability and Prediction On Seasonal to Interannual Timescales (APPOSITE) project. The main goal of APPOSITE was to quantify the timescales on which Arctic climate is predictable. In order to achieve this, a coordinated set of idealised initial-value predict

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Linscheid, Nora, Lina M. Estupinan-Suarez, Alexander Brenning, et al. "Towards a global understanding of vegetation–climate dynamics at multiple timescales." Biogeosciences 17, no. 4 (2020): 945–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-945-2020.

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Abstract. Climate variables carry signatures of variability at multiple timescales. How these modes of variability are reflected in the state of the terrestrial biosphere is still not quantified or discussed at the global scale. Here, we set out to gain a global understanding of the relevance of different modes of variability in vegetation greenness and its covariability with climate. We used >30 years of remote sensing records of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to characterize biosphere variability across timescales from submonthly oscillations to decadal trends using dis

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Penaud, Aurélie, Frédérique Eynaud, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, and Jean-Louis Turon. "Palaeohydrological changes over the last 50 ky in the central Gulf of Cadiz: complex forcing mechanisms mixing multi-scale processes." Biogeosciences 13, no. 18 (2016): 5357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016.

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Abstract. New dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) analyses were carried out at high resolution in core MD99-2339, retrieved from a contouritic field in the central part of the Gulf of Cadiz, for the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interval, allowing for discussion of palaeohydrological changes over the last 50 ky in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean. Some index dinocyst taxa, according to their (palaeo)ecological significance, shed light on significant sea-surface changes. Superimposed on the general decreasing pattern of dinocyst export to the seafloor over the last 50 ky, paralleling the general con

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