Journal articles: 'Fine-scale movement'

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Fu, Zhen, Michael S. Crossley, Brendan Epstein, Cassandra Bates, David W. Crowder, Axel A. Elling, Paul A. Hohenlohe, Randa Jabbour, Ricardo A. Ramirez, and William E. Snyder. "Using fine-scale relatedness to infer natural enemy movement." Biological Control 160 (September 2021): 104662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104662.

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Nicholson, Kerry L., Matthew J. Warren, Camille Rostan, Johan Månsson, Thomas F. Paragi, and Håkan Sand. "Using fine-scale movement patterns to infer ungulate parturition." Ecological Indicators 101 (June 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.004.

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Orrell, DL, and NE Hussey. "Using the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to explore fine-scale movements of aquatic species: applications, analytical approaches and future directions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 687 (April 7, 2022): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps14003.

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Recent advancements in telemetry have redefined our ability to quantify the fine-scale movements of aquatic animals and derive a mechanistic understanding of movement behaviours. The VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) is a fine-scale commercial positioning system used to generate highly accurate semi-continuous animal tracks. To date, VPS has been used to study 86 species, spanning 25 taxonomic orders. It has provided fine-scale movement data for critical life stages, from tracking day-old turtle hatchlings on their first foray into the sea to adult fish returning to natal rivers to spawn. These high-resolution tracking data have improved our understanding of the movements of species across environmental gradients within rivers, estuaries and oceans, including species of conservation concern and commercial value. Existing VPS applications range from quantifying spatio-temporal aspects of animal space use and key aspects of ecology, such as rate of movement and resource use, to higher-order processes such as interactions among individuals and species. Analytical approaches have seen a move towards techniques that incorporate error frameworks such as autocorrelated kernel density estimators for home range calculations. VPS technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our fundamental understanding of fine-scale ecological and physiological processes for single and multi-species studies under natural conditions. Through a systematic review of the VPS literature, we focus on 4 principle topics: the diversity of species studied, current ecological and ecophysiological applications and data analysis techniques, and we highlight future frontiers of exploration.

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Webb, Stephen L., Kenneth L. Gee, Bronson K. Strickland, Stephen Demarais, and Randy W. DeYoung. "Measuring Fine-Scale White-Tailed Deer Movements and Environmental Influences Using GPS Collars." International Journal of Ecology 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459610.

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Few studies have documented fine-scale movements of ungulate species, including white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus), despite the advent of global positioning system (GPS) technology incorporated into tracking devices. We collected fine-scale temporal location estimates (i.e., 15 min/relocation attempt) from 17 female and 15 male white-tailed deer over 7 years and 3 seasons in Oklahoma, USA. Our objectives were to document fine-scale movements of females and males and determine effects of reproductive phase, moon phase, and short-term weather patterns on movements. Female and male movements were primarily crepuscular. Male total daily movements were 20% greater during rut () than postrut (). Female daily movements were greatest during postparturition (), followed by parturition (), and preparturition (). We found moon phase had no effect on daily, nocturnal, and diurnal deer movements and fine-scale temporal weather conditions had an inconsistent influence on deer movement patterns within season. Our data suggest that hourly and daily variation in weather events have minimal impact on movements of white-tailed deer in southern latitudes. Instead, routine crepuscular movements, presumed to maximize thermoregulation and minimize predation risk, appear to be the most important factors influencing movements.

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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib, and G. Talukdar. "MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-719-2016.

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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (Melanochelys tricarinata), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m2), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.

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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib, and G. Talukdar. "MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-719-2016.

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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (Melanochelys tricarinata), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m2), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.

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Floyd, Jessica R., Nick W. Ruktanonchai, Nicola Wardrop, Andrew J. Tatem, Joseph Ogola, and Eric M. Fèvre. "Exploring fine-scale human and livestock movement in western Kenya." One Health 7 (June 2019): 100081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100081.

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Cote, David, Jean-Marc Nicolas, Frederick Whoriskey, Adam M. Cook, Jeremy Broome, Paul M. Regular, and Darrin Baker. "Characterizing snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) movements in the Sydney Bight (Nova Scotia, Canada): a collaborative approach using multiscale acoustic telemetry." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 2 (February 2019): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0472.

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Like many deeper ocean species, the fine-scale movement ecology of snow crab is not well understood. We integrated fine-scale positioning telemetry with larger-scale position estimates from autonomous mobile surveys and harvester returns to evaluate movements of male and female snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). Effects of life stage–sex, temperature, and diel and tidal cycles on movement velocity were observed, with a tendency for increased velocities during the night, slack tide, and at increasing water temperatures. Males also moved faster than females and juveniles. The strength of these statistical relationships, however, was weak (R2 = 7.2%). The movement direction also did not vary over the tidal cycle. The maximum distance moved for adult males was an order of magnitude higher (37.1 km) than for females (3.6 km) and juvenile males (3.9 km), but median distances were more similar across groups. Individuals, once released, tended to disperse and move toward slope habitats. Little evidence of site fidelity was apparent. The absence of strong environmental influences on movements likely reflected the behavioural plasticity of snow crab and the relative environmental stability of offshore environments.

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Liu, Wan Li, Xiao Fei Liu, and Pei Jiu Yue. "Simulation Method of Particle Size Scale for Fine Sand Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1878.

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In sediment movable bed model, the basic similar conditions include the flow movement similar and the sediment movement similar. In water flow movement similar conditions, the velocity scale of the Freund's similarity and resistance similarity is inconsistency, and the flow resistance is the function of bed material grain size and flow intensity. In sediment movement similar, the particle size scale forms are not consistent too, and they are also related to the flow conditions, so the sediment partial size scale is difficult to determine. According to the research, the similar conditions can be focused on primary and secondary one, and put the primary one as the design basis. In view of the waterway regulation, the regulation flow discharge should be the design basis, others allowed a certain deviation; In the straight reach, resistance similarity should be the design basis, Freund's similarity allowed a certain deviation; In the bend reach, the Freund's similarity and resistance similarity should be simultaneously satisfied; For the bed load model, the incipient motion should meet similarity condition; The suspended sediment model should meet the sediment suspension similarity; For the non-uniform sediment, median particle size should be the design basis. According to the above principles, the sediment particle size scale can be determined.

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Vigeant-Langlois, Charles, and André Desrochers. "Movements of wintering American marten (Martes americana): relative influences of prey activity and forest stand age." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 11 (November 2011): 2202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-133.

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American marten (Martes americana (Turton, 1806)) was traditionally associated with old-growth forests, but recent evidence suggests that they are frequently found in younger forests as well. To better understand habitat requirements by this economically important furbearer, we investigated its fine-scale movement behavior in relation to local prey activity (tracks) and stand age. We georeferenced 34 marten tracks (57 km), associated prey tracks, and subnivean forays in a balsam fir forest of southern Québec, Canada. Marten movements were more tortuous in the presence of high numbers of prey tracks and near subnivean foraging sites. The latter relationships were stronger at a fine spatial scale (10 m movement steps) than at coarser scales (20 or 40 m movement steps). Marten movement tortuosity was unrelated to forest stand age after accounting for prey activity. These results support the hypothesis that the American marten does not hunt mainly in old-growth forests but appears to concentrate its foraging behaviour in areas with high prey activity.

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Oleksyn, Semonn, Louise Tosetto, Vincent Raoult, and Jane E. Williamson. "Drone-Based Tracking of the Fine-Scale Movement of a Coastal Stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010040.

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Coastal ecosystems are under threat from a range of anthropogenic impacts that disrupt habitat connectivity and the ability for animals to move within them. Understanding fine-scale animal movement provides insight into how animals are responding to these pressures, and underpins effective ecological management and conservation strategies. This study used drones to investigate the drivers of the fine-scale movement of rays in coastal estuaries using the short-tail stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) as a model species. Smaller rays swam with more regular bursts of speed and greater sinuosity than larger individuals, indicating that rays of different sizes alter their fine-scale movement behavior to maintain energetic efficiency. Rays were less likely to spend time resting and swam faster on the high tide compared to the outgoing tide. They were also more likely to exhibit bursts of speed at noon (11 am to 1 pm) than at other times of day. Body size, tide and time of day all influenced ray movement. Understanding the ecological variables that influence the fine-scale movement of rays and the potential for human activities to alter natural behaviors is integral to the implementation of effective management strategies for this group of animals and their ecosystems.

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Lucieer, Vanessa, and Hugh Pederson. "Linking morphometric characterisation of rocky reef with fine scale lobster movement." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 63, no. 5 (September 2008): 496–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.01.003.

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Deith, Mairin C. M., and Jedediah F. Brodie. "Predicting defaunation: accurately mapping bushmeat hunting pressure over large areas." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1922 (March 11, 2020): 20192677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2677.

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Unsustainable hunting is emptying forests of large animals around the world, but current understanding of how human foraging spreads across landscapes has been stymied by data deficiencies and cryptic hunter behaviour. Unlike other global threats to biodiversity like deforestation, climate change and overfishing, maps of wild meat hunters' movements—often based on forest accessibility—typically cover small scales and are rarely validated with real-world observations. Using camera trapping data from rainforests across Malaysian Borneo, we show that while hunter movements are strongly correlated with the accessibility of different parts of the landscape, accessibility measures are most informative when they integrate fine-scale habitat features like topography and land cover. Measures of accessibility naive to fine-scale habitat complexity, like distance to the nearest road or settlement, generate poor approximations of hunters’ movements. In comparison, accessibility as measured by high-resolution movement models based on circuit theory provides vastly better reflections of real-world foraging movements. Our results highlight that simple models incorporating fine-scale landscape heterogeneity can be powerful tools for understanding and predicting widespread threats to biodiversity.

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Perkins, T. Alex, Andres J. Garcia, Valerie A. Paz-Soldán, Steven T. Stoddard, Robert C. Reiner, Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec, Donal Bisanzio, et al. "Theory and data for simulating fine-scale human movement in an urban environment." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (October 6, 2014): 20140642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0642.

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Individual-based models of infectious disease transmission depend on accurate quantification of fine-scale patterns of human movement. Existing models of movement either pertain to overly coarse scales, simulate some aspects of movement but not others, or were designed specifically for populations in developed countries. Here, we propose a generalizable framework for simulating the locations that an individual visits, time allocation across those locations, and population-level variation therein. As a case study, we fit alternative models for each of five aspects of movement (number, distance from home and types of locations visited; frequency and duration of visits) to interview data from 157 residents of the city of Iquitos, Peru. Comparison of alternative models showed that location type and distance from home were significant determinants of the locations that individuals visited and how much time they spent there. We also found that for most locations, residents of two neighbourhoods displayed indistinguishable preferences for visiting locations at various distances, despite differing distributions of locations around those neighbourhoods. Finally, simulated patterns of time allocation matched the interview data in a number of ways, suggesting that our framework constitutes a sound basis for simulating fine-scale movement and for investigating factors that influence it.

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Whitmore, Margaret M., and Matthew K. Litvak. "Fine-scale movement of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) during aggregations in the lower Saint John River Basin, New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 2018): 2332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0430.

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Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) form seasonal aggregations near the salt wedge in their natal river systems. We used an array of Vemco positioning system acoustic receivers to track fine-scale movement within aggregation sites in two rivers in the Saint John River Basin. We used the t-LoCoH convex hull construction algorithm to map space use and aggregation behavior and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to test for differences among rivers, seasons, and photoperiods. Aggregation sites consisted of small core areas, where juvenile Atlantic sturgeon remained for long periods, that are adjacent to foraging grounds. This structure was largely consistent between rivers and seasons. Directional movement within aggregation sites differed between rivers. In areas of high flow velocity, directional movement was parallel to flow and largely restricted to littoral areas, whereas areas of low flow exhibited no distinct patterns in directional movement. This indicates flow may be an important driver of fine-scale distribution within aggregation sites. Studies of fine-scale space use can inform future investigations of rearing capacity, aid in the identification of critical habitat, and inform management decisions.

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Gillies, Cameron S., Hawthorne L. Beyer, and Colleen Cassady St. Clair. "Fine-scale movement decisions of tropical forest birds in a fragmented landscape." Ecological Applications 21, no. 3 (April 28, 2011): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-2090.1.

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Pennock, Casey A., C. Nathan Cathcart, Skyler C. Hedden, Robert E. Weber, and Keith B. Gido. "Fine-scale movement and habitat use of a prairie stream fish assemblage." Oecologia 186, no. 3 (January 22, 2018): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4073-y.

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DeGroot, BC, G. Roskar, L. Brewster, and MJ Ajemian. "Fine-scale movement and habitat use of whitespotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA." Endangered Species Research 42 (July 16, 2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01047.

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Despite being crucial to the conservation of batoids (skates and rays), assessments of fine-scale movements and habitat use of these taxa are lacking in the scientific literature. Here we used active acoustic telemetry to characterize habitat use and movement behavior of the state-protected whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Seven mature individuals (6 males and 1 female) were individually tracked for a total of 119.6 h. Brownian bridge movement models of ray distribution showed the importance of habitats with high anthropogenic activity (i.e. boat traffic) such as inlets and channels, as well as clam aquaculture lease sites close to shore. This was supported by the significantly lower rates of movement in these habitats relative to other regions (offshore, open lagoon). Rate of movement significantly increased with temperature, suggesting that rays are more active during warmer periods. No tidal patterns in ray habitat use or distribution were evident. On average, rays used the deeper portions of the lagoon during the day and shallower portions during the night. While more extensive tracking is required to elucidate long-term movement patterns, this study is the first to characterize fine-scale habitat use by the whitespotted eagle ray in Florida while also identifying areas of potential interactions between this species and multiple anthropogenic threats.

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da Silva, Charlene, Sven E. Kerwath, Henning Winker, Stephen J. Lamberth, Colin G. Attwood, Chris G. Wilke, and Tor F. Næsje. "Testing the waters to find the 'goldilocks' zone: fine-scale movement of Mustelus mustelus in relation to environmental cues." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 1 (2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20369.

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The fine-scale movement of Mustelus mustelus in relation to environmental conditions was investigated at various temporal scales with acoustic telemetry and temperature–depth transmitters inside a coastal marine protected area in South Africa. Twenty-four sharks were equipped with acoustic tags and logged by an array of 28 acoustic receivers from November 2006 to November 2008. Generalised additive and generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to explain patterns of movement in terms of the environmental conditions related to temperature, the rate of change of temperature, tidal flow, diel cycle and moon phase. The most important environmental parameters affecting movement and direction of movement were related to absolute temperature and changes in temperature at the position of the shark. The movement of M. mustelus was not affected by tide and only minimally affected by the diel cycle, suggesting behavioural thermoregulation as the ultimate cause of the movements. M. mustelus preferred temperatures from 18 to 22°C, as determined by GAMMs for environmental conditions experienced in summer. The combination of the thermal environment, rich feeding grounds and protective effect of the Langebaan Marine Protected Area may explain the high abundance and regular occurrence of M. mustelus within this marine protected area.

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Morelle, Kevin, Nils Bunnefeld, Philippe Lejeune, and Stephen A. Oswald. "From animal tracks to fine‐scale movement modes: a straightforward approach for identifying multiple spatial movement patterns." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 11 (May 22, 2017): 1488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12787.

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Espinoza, T., CL Burke, L. Carpenter-Bundhoo, S. Marshall, D. Roberts, and MJ Kennard. "Fine-scale acoustic telemetry in a riverine environment: movement and habitat use of the endangered Mary River cod Maccullochella mariensis." Endangered Species Research 42 (July 23, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01046.

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Understanding movement and habitat requirements of endangered species is critical to conservation management. We evaluate fine-scale acoustic telemetry to study breeding-related movement and habitat use of the endangered Mary River cod Maccullochella mariensis in a riverine environment and, in relation to key environmental variables, to inform management. Movement activity varied significantly in relation to water temperature and diel period, and spatial occupancy and habitat selection varied substantially in relation to the nesting behaviour of Mary River cod. Important nesting habitat included a large hollow log mid-channel and well-shaded logs and log jams adjacent to the river bank. Extrapolating this information to the general population was inhibited by relatively small sample sizes, due in part to the restricted spatial scale of the hydrophone arrays and longitudinal movements of tagged fish beyond the acoustic range of our array. Notwithstanding this, our results demonstrate that (1) fine-scale acoustic telemetry can quantify complex biological behaviours in riverine environments; (2) Mary River cod require specific environmental stimuli and habitat to support the reproductive cycle; and (3) changing environmental conditions may influence Mary River cod behaviour, and understanding this response is necessary for sustainable management. Findings from this study can inform future applications of this methodology in riverine environments and contribute to the development of management strategies and habitat restoration activities supporting the recovery of Mary River cod populations.

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Ciavarella, Constanze, and Neil M. Ferguson. "Deriving fine-scale models of human mobility from aggregated origin-destination flow data." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e1008588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008588.

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The spatial dynamics of epidemics are fundamentally affected by patterns of human mobility. Mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) are a rich source of mobility data, and allow semi-mechanistic models of movement to be parameterised even for resource-poor settings. While the gravity model typically reproduces human movement reasonably well at the administrative level spatial scale, past studies suggest that parameter estimates vary with the level of spatial discretisation at which models are fitted. Given that privacy concerns usually preclude public release of very fine-scale movement data, such variation would be problematic for individual-based simulations of epidemic spread parametrised at a fine spatial scale. We therefore present new methods to fit fine-scale mathematical mobility models (here we implement variants of the gravity and radiation models) to spatially aggregated movement data and investigate how model parameter estimates vary with spatial resolution. We use gridded population data at 1km resolution to derive population counts at different spatial scales (down to ∼ 5km grids) and implement mobility models at each scale. Parameters are estimated from administrative-level flow data between overnight locations in Kenya and Namibia derived from CDRs: where the model spatial resolution exceeds that of the mobility data, we compare the flow data between a particular origin and destination with the sum of all model flows between cells that lie within those particular origin and destination administrative units. Clear evidence of over-dispersion supports the use of negative binomial instead of Poisson likelihood for count data with high values. Radiation models use fewer parameters than the gravity model and better predict trips between overnight locations for both considered countries. Results show that estimates for some parameters change between countries and with spatial resolution and highlight how imperfect flow data and spatial population distribution can influence model fit.

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Skerritt, DJ, PA Robertson, AC Mill, NVC Polunin, and C. Fitzsimmons. "Fine-scale movement, activity patterns and home-ranges of European lobster Homarus gammarus." Marine Ecology Progress Series 536 (September 29, 2015): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11374.

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Contreras, Thomas A., and Kathryn E. Sieving. "Leadership of Winter Mixed-Species Flocks by Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor): Are Titmice Passive Nuclear Species?" International Journal of Zoology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/670548.

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The tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor, TUTI) is a nuclear species in winter foraging flocks whose antipredator calls are used to manage predation risk by diverse heterospecifics. We hypothesized that satellite species in mixed flocks follow TUTI (not vice versa), thereby defining the role of TUTI as a “passive” nuclear species. We followed 20 winter mixed-species flocks in North-Central Florida and assessed angular-angular correlations between overall flock, TUTI, and satellite species movement directions. We observed significant correlations between overall flock movement directions and those of TUTI, confirming our central prediction. Within flocks, however, fine-scale movement directions of satellite species were often more highly correlated with those of other satellites than with TUTI movements. We conclude that TUTI are passive nuclear species whose movements define flock paths, but within flocks, TUTI movements may have less influence on satellite movements than do other factors.

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Harbicht, Andrew B., Theodore Castro-Santos, Dimitry Gorsky, David M. Hand, Dylan J. Fraser, and William R. Ardren. "Environmental, anthropogenic, and dietary influences on fine-scale movement patterns of Atlantic salmon through challenging waters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 2018): 2198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0476.

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Partial barriers to migration can affect migratory fish population dynamics and be influenced by many biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors, including nutritional deficiencies. We investigated how such variables (including a thiamine deficiency) impact fine-scale movement of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by treating returning spawners with thiamine and observing their attempts to climb a human-altered, high velocity stretch of river using fine-scale radio telemetry. Multiple re-entries into a river section, along with water temperature, strongly influenced movement rates. High or increasing discharge encouraged downstream movement; males abandoned migratory attempts at a higher rate than females. Although thiamine-injected salmon exhibited greater migratory duration, this did not produce a measurable improvement in passage performance, possibly due to the difficulty associated with this section of river — among 24 tagged salmon staging 10.9 attempts each and lasting 1.5 days per attempt on average, only three traversed the entire reach. This study provides new insights into how biotic and abiotic variables affect fish movement, while suggesting limits to the potential for human intervention (thiamine injections) to assist passage through partial migratory barriers.

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Kadar, Julianna P., Monique A. Ladds, Joanna Day, Brianne Lyall, and Culum Brown. "Assessment of Machine Learning Models to Identify Port Jackson Shark Behaviours Using Tri-Axial Accelerometers." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 7096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247096.

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Movement ecology has traditionally focused on the movements of animals over large time scales, but, with advancements in sensor technology, the focus can become increasingly fine scale. Accelerometers are commonly applied to quantify animal behaviours and can elucidate fine-scale (<2 s) behaviours. Machine learning methods are commonly applied to animal accelerometry data; however, they require the trial of multiple methods to find an ideal solution. We used tri-axial accelerometers (10 Hz) to quantify four behaviours in Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni): two fine-scale behaviours (<2 s)—(1) vertical swimming and (2) chewing as proxy for foraging, and two broad-scale behaviours (>2 s–mins)—(3) resting and (4) swimming. We used validated data to calculate 66 summary statistics from tri-axial accelerometry and assessed the most important features that allowed for differentiation between the behaviours. One and two second epoch testing sets were created consisting of 10 and 20 samples from each behaviour event, respectively. We developed eight machine learning models to assess their overall accuracy and behaviour-specific accuracy (one classification tree, five ensemble learners and two neural networks). The support vector machine model classified the four behaviours better when using the longer 2 s time epoch (F-measure 89%; macro-averaged F-measure: 90%). Here, we show that this support vector machine (SVM) model can reliably classify both fine- and broad-scale behaviours in Port Jackson sharks.

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Taylor, Mark K., and Steven J. Cooke. "Meta-analyses of the effects of river flow on fish movement and activity." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 4 (December 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-009.

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Estimating the timing and magnitude of fish movements relative to environmental factors can provide insight into why fishes behave as they do. To make broad-level inferences about fish movement in lotic environments, we conducted random-effects meta-analyses on the effects of river flow magnitude on (i) non-migratory movements, (ii) upstream migratory movements, (iii) downstream migratory movements, and (iv) fine-scale activity. We found a significant positive effect of river discharge on non-migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = 0.41 (mean) ± 0.07 (SE), Z = 6.06, p < 0.01, k (sample size) = 27); fishes made larger and (or) more frequent movements during periods of elevated discharge. Furthermore, non-salmonids were more affected by river flow than salmonids. River discharge also had a significant positive effect on the rate, frequency, and probability of upstream migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = 0.23 ± 0.10, Z = 2.24, p < 0.05, k = 8). However, the effect of discharge on the rate of downstream migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = –0.05 ± 0.15, Z = –0.35, p > 0.05, k = 5) and fine-scale activity ([Formula: see text] = 0.01 ± 0.11, Z = 0.08, p > 0.05, k = 5) were not significant. Heterogeneity of effect sizes was evident in all meta-analyses as well as inclusion and (or) publication bias. Collectively, our meta-analyses suggested that changes to a river’s flow regime can modulate non-migratory fish behaviour, the consequences of which need to be explored in terms of habitat use and energy budgets. However, more studies are needed to examine potential effect modifiers and improve sample sizes overall.

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Joy, Ruth, Robert S. Schick, Michael Dowd, Tetyana Margolina, John E. Joseph, and Len Thomas. "A fine-scale marine mammal movement model for assessing long-term aggregate noise exposure." Ecological Modelling 464 (February 2022): 109798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109798.

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Kim, Rachel, Nicole Gerhardt, Madelyn Adams, Bernadette Alpajora, Taylor T. Sivori, and Mary Jane Mulcahey. "Spinal Cord Injury-Movement Index (SCI-MI) Fine Motor Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, Supplement_2 (August 1, 2021): 7512500028p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-po28.

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McClellan, CM, and AJ Read. "Confronting the gauntlet: understanding incidental capture of green turtles through fine-scale movement studies." Endangered Species Research 10 (June 19, 2009): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00199.

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Bellquist, Lyall F., Christopher G. Lowe, and Jennifer E. Caselle. "Fine-scale movement patterns, site fidelity, and habitat selection of ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps)." Fisheries Research 91, no. 2-3 (June 2008): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.011.

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Watson, Breanna M., Carlo A. Biagi, Sara L. Northrup, Michael L. A. Ohata, Colin Charles, Paul J. Blanchfield, Sam V. Johnston, Paul J. Askey, Brett T. van Poorten, and Robert H. Devlin. "Distinct diel and seasonal behaviours in rainbow trout detected by fine-scale acoustic telemetry in a lake environment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 8 (August 2019): 1432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0293.

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The fine-scale behavioural activities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in nature are not well understood, but are of importance for identifying interactions with the ecosystem and of interest to conservationists and recreational anglers. We have undertaken a high-resolution acoustic telemetry study to identify the distinct movement patterns of 30 rainbow trout in a freshwater lake, specifically examining swim speed, area of movement, and site preference in both summer and winter. Activity levels were reduced in winter compared with summer across all fish, but ranking of individuals was consistent. In summer, 16/30 fish displayed diel movement, in which they travelled to a different area of the lake at dawn and returned at dusk, while other fish maintained their site preference regardless of the time of day or swam more randomly throughout the lake. These patterns were minimized in winter, where there was a reduction in cross-lake movement under ice and only 4/30 fish displayed diel movement. Winter conditions may limit the capability (physiological limitations) and (or) motivation (prey availability) for diel behaviours observed in summer.

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Daversa, D. R., A. Fenton, A. I. Dell, T. W. J. Garner, and A. Manica. "Infections on the move: how transient phases of host movement influence disease spread." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1869 (December 20, 2017): 20171807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1807.

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Animal movement impacts the spread of human and wildlife diseases, and there is significant interest in understanding the role of migrations, biological invasions and other wildlife movements in spatial infection dynamics. However, the influence of processes acting on infections during transient phases of host movement is poorly understood. We propose a conceptual framework that explicitly considers infection dynamics during transient phases of host movement to better predict infection spread through spatial host networks. Accounting for host transient movement captures key processes that occur while hosts move between locations, which together determine the rate at which hosts spread infections through networks. We review theoretical and empirical studies of host movement and infection spread, highlighting the multiple factors that impact the infection status of hosts. We then outline characteristics of hosts, parasites and the environment that influence these dynamics. Recent technological advances provide disease ecologists unprecedented ability to track the fine-scale movement of organisms. These, in conjunction with experimental testing of the factors driving infection dynamics during host movement, can inform models of infection spread based on constituent biological processes.

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Neagu, Eugen R., C. J. Dias, M. C. Lança, Paulo Inácio, and José N. Marat-Mendes. "Electrical Method to Study the Weak Molecular Movements at Nanometric Scale in Low Mobility Materials." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.430.

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For the characterization of the new materials and for a better understanding of the connection between structure and properties it is necessary to use more and more sensible methods to study molecular movement at nanometric scale. This paper presents the experimental basis for a new electrical method to study the fine molecular movements at nanometric scale in dielectric materials. The method will be applied for polar and non-polar materials characterization. Traditionally, the electrical methods used to study the molecular movements are based on the movements of the dipoles that are parts of the molecules. We have proposed recently a combined protocol to analyze charge injection/extraction, transport, trapping and detrapping in low mobility materials. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can be used to obtain a complex thermogram which contains information about all molecular movements, even at nanoscopic level. Actually during the charging process we are decorating the structure with space charge and during the subsequent heating we are observing an apparent peak and the genuine peaks that are related to charge de-trapping determined by the molecular movement. The method is very sensitive, very selective and allows to determinate the parameters for local and collective molecular movements, including the temperature dependence of the activation energy and the relaxation time.

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Dans, Silvana Laura, Elvio Agustin Luzenti, Mariano Alberto Coscarella, Rocio Joo, Mariana Degrati, and Nadia Soledad Curcio. "Seasonal variation and group size affect movement patterns of two pelagic dolphin species (Lagenorhynchus obscurus and Delphinus delphis)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0276623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276623.

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Movement is a key factor in the survival and reproduction of most organisms with important links to bioenergetics and population dynamics. Animals use movement strategies that minimize the costs of locating resources, maximizing energy gains. Effectiveness of these strategies depends on the spatial distribution, variability and predictability of resources. The study of fine-scale movement of small cetaceans in the pelagic domain is limited, in part because of the logistical difficulties associated with tagging and tracking them. Here we describe and model the fine-scale movement patterns of two pelagic dolphin species using georeferenced movement and behavioral data obtained by tracking dolphin groups on board small vessels. Movement patterns differed by species, group sizes and seasons. Dusky dolphin groups moved shorter distances when feeding and longer distances when traveling whereas the common dolphin did the same only when they moved in large groups. In summer, both dolphins cover longer distances in a more linear path, while in winter the movement is more erratic and moving shorter distances. Both species of dolphins prey on small pelagic fishes, which are patchily distributed and show seasonal variability in school sizes and distribution. However, dusky dolphins rely on anchovy to a larger extent than common dolphins. In Nuevo Gulf, anchovy shoals are smaller and separated by shorter distances in winter and dusky dolphins´ movement pattern is consistent with this. Dusky and common dolphins are impacted by tourism and fisheries. Further modelling of movement could be inform spatial based management tools.

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Fischer, Marie-Therese, Max Ringler, Eva Ringler, and Andrius Pašukonis. "Reproductive behavior drives female space use in a sedentary Neotropical frog." PeerJ 8 (April 17, 2020): e8920. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8920.

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Longer-range movements of anuran amphibians such as mass migrations and habitat invasion have received a lot of attention, but fine-scale spatial behavior remains largely understudied. This gap is especially striking for species that show long-term site fidelity and display their whole behavioral repertoire in a small area. Studying fine-scale movement with conventional capture-mark-recapture techniques is difficult in inconspicuous amphibians: individuals are hard to find, repeated captures might affect their behavior and the number of data points is too low to allow a detailed interpretation of individual space use and time budgeting. In this study, we overcame these limitations by equipping females of the Brilliant-Thighed Poison Frog (Allobates femoralis) with a tag allowing frequent monitoring of their location and behavior. Neotropical poison frogs are well known for their complex behavior and diverse reproductive and parental care strategies. Although the ecology and behavior of the polygamous leaf-litter frog Allobates femoralis is well studied, little is known about the fine-scale space use of the non-territorial females who do not engage in acoustic and visual displays. We tracked 17 females for 6 to 17 days using a harmonic direction finder to provide the first precise analysis of female space use in this species. Females moved on average 1 m per hour and the fastest movement, over 20 m per hour, was related to a subsequent mating event. Traveled distances and activity patterns on days of courtship and mating differed considerably from days without reproduction. Frogs moved more on days with lower temperature and more precipitation, but mating seemed to be the main trigger for female movement. We observed 21 courtships of 12 tagged females. For seven females, we observed two consecutive mating events. Estimated home ranges after 14 days varied considerably between individuals and courtship and mating associated space use made up for ∼30% of the home range. Allobates femoralis females spent large parts of their time in one to three small centers of use. Females did not adjust their time or space use to the density of males in their surroundings and did not show wide-ranging exploratory behavior. Our study demonstrates how tracking combined with detailed behavioral observations can reveal the patterns and drivers of fine-scale spatial behavior in sedentary species.

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Guest, Michaela A., and Rod M. Connolly. "Fine-scale movement and assimilation of carbon in saltmarsh and mangrove habitat by resident animals." Aquatic Ecology 38, no. 4 (2004): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-004-0442-1.

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Guest, Michaela A., and Rod M. Connolly. "Fine-scale movement and assimilation of carbon in saltmarsh and mangrove habitat by resident animals." Aquatic Ecology 38, no. 4 (January 2005): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-005-0442-9.

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Shipley, Oliver N., Jacob W. Brownscombe, Andy J. Danylchuk, Steven J. Cooke, Owen R. O’Shea, and Edward J. Brooks. "Fine-scale movement and activity patterns of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) in the Bahamas." Environmental Biology of Fishes 101, no. 7 (August 25, 2017): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0656-4.

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Jonsen, Ian D., and Philip D. Taylor. "Fine-scale movement behaviors of calopterygid damselflies are influenced by landscape structure: an experimental manipulation." Oikos 88, no. 3 (March 2000): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880312.x.

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Hollensead, Lisa D., R. Dean Grubbs, John K. Carlson, and Dana M. Bethea. "Analysis of fine-scale daily movement patterns of juvenile Pristis pectinata within a nursery habitat." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 26, no. 3 (February 20, 2015): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2556.

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Suraci, Justin P., Barry A. Nickel, and Christopher C. Wilmers. "Fine-scale movement decisions by a large carnivore inform conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 7 (June 12, 2020): 1635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01052-2.

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Morrison, Thomas A., and Douglas T. Bolger. "Connectivity and bottlenecks in a migratory wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus population." Oryx 48, no. 4 (March 13, 2014): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000537.

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AbstractSurprisingly little is known about the spatial dimensions of most tropical ungulate migrations, including that of wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus, a species famous for long-distance movements. Using non-invasive photographic identification of 834 adult wildebeest from 8,530 images collected over 4 years we characterize patterns of migratory connectivity throughout the northern Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem, Tanzania. We document movements between Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks and northwards to the shore of Lake Natron, a straight-line distance of > 130 km. Fifty-six percent of observed movements occur outside the ecosystem's three main protected areas. We supplement photographic data with fine-scale movement data from two individuals with global positioning system collars, and identify three narrow bottlenecks, each vulnerable to human development. We discuss the possible consequences for the wildebeest population if these bottlenecks become impeded. Persistence of this migration alongside a growing human population and proposed road improvement will require additional measures to ensure that pathways remain open to wildlife movement and protected from illegal hunting.

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Marsh, Sian. "All within grasp." Early Years Educator 22, no. 9 (April 2, 2021): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.9.27.

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Understanding how physical development links to children's readiness for school is a priority for trainees on the EYITT programme. Sian Marsh describes how one trainee is using the Movement Environment Rating Scale to support colleagues to develop children's fine and gross motor skills.

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Mayer, Martin, Martin Šálek, Anthony David Fox, Frej Juhl Lindhøj, Lars Bo Jacobsen, and Peter Sunde. "Fine-scale movement patterns and habitat selection of little owls (Athene noctua) from two declining populations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0256608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256608.

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Advances in bio-logging technology for wildlife monitoring have expanded our ability to study space use and behavior of many animal species at increasingly detailed scales. However, such data can be challenging to analyze due to autocorrelation of GPS positions. As a case study, we investigated spatiotemporal movements and habitat selection in the little owl (Athene noctua), a bird species that is declining in central Europe and verges on extinction in Denmark. We equipped 6 Danish food-supplemented little owls and 6 non-supplemented owls in the Czech Republic with high-resolution GPS loggers that recorded one position per minute. Nightly space use, measured as 95% kernel density estimates, of Danish male owls were on average 62 ha (± 64 SD, larger than any found in previous studies) compared to 2 ha (± 1) in females, and to 3 ± 1 ha (males) versus 3 ± 5 ha (females) in the Czech Republic. Foraging Danish male owls moved on average 4-fold further from their nest and at almost double the distance per hour than Czech males. To create availability data for the habitat selection analysis, we accounted for high spatiotemporal autocorrelation of the GPS data by simulating correlated random walks with the same autocorrelation structure as the actual little owl movement trajectories. We found that habitat selection was similar between Danish and Czech owls, with individuals selecting for short vegetation and areas with high structural diversity. Our limited sample size did not allow us to infer patterns on a population level, but nevertheless demonstrates how high-resolution GPS data can help to identify critical habitat requirements to better formulate conservation actions on a local scale.

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Kreye, Jesse K., J. Kevin Hiers, J. Morgan Varner, Ben Hornsby, Saunders Drukker, and Joseph J. O’Brien. "Effects of solar heating on the moisture dynamics of forest floor litter in humid environments: composition, structure, and position matter." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 11 (November 2018): 1331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0147.

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Much of fire behavior is driven by fine-scale patterns of fuel moisture; however, moisture predictions typically occur over large scales. The source of fine-scale variation in moisture results from a combination of fuelbed properties and overstory forest structure that influences water movement and distribution of solar radiation. Fine-scale moisture variation is of particular relevance in humid forests managed with frequent prescribed fire where fire behavior variation is tightly linked to differential fire effects. Results of a three-tiered experiment combining laboratory and field methods demonstrated that solar radiation exerted a strong influence on fuel moisture patterns in a temperate humid pine forest. Infrared radiation more rapidly dried Quercus and Pinus litter in laboratory experiments compared with controls. Litter exposed to sunlight during small-scale outdoor experiments was significantly drier than shaded litter. Quercus litter was wetter than Pinus on mornings, but dried more rapidly, becoming drier than Pinus litter by mid-day when exposed to sunlight. Field observations validated small-scale outdoor and laboratory results but also revealed the influence of fuel position: elevated litter was wetter than ground-level litter at peak burning time. Results provide insight into how overstory structure and composition may influence fine-scale heterogeneity of surface moisture dynamics and fire behavior.

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Jolivet, L., M. Cohen, and A. Ruas. "MODELLING THE CONSTRAINTS OF SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT IN FAUNA MOVEMENT SIMULATIONS: COMPARISON OF A BOUNDARIES ACCURATE FUNCTION AND A COST FUNCTION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (August 19, 2015): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-249-2015.

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Landscape influences fauna movement at different levels, from habitat selection to choices of movements’ direction. Our goal is to provide a development frame in order to test simulation functions for animal’s movement. We describe our approach for such simulations and we compare two types of functions to calculate trajectories. To do so, we first modelled the role of landscape elements to differentiate between elements that facilitate movements and the ones being hindrances. Different influences are identified depending on landscape elements and on animal species. Knowledge were gathered from ecologists, literature and observation datasets. Second, we analysed the description of animal movement recorded with GPS at fine scale, corresponding to high temporal frequency and good location accuracy. Analysing this type of data provides information on the relation between landscape features and movements. We implemented an agent-based simulation approach to calculate potential trajectories constrained by the spatial environment and individual’s behaviour. We tested two functions that consider space differently: one function takes into account the geometry and the types of landscape elements and one cost function sums up the spatial surroundings of an individual. Results highlight the fact that the cost function exaggerates the distances travelled by an individual and simplifies movement patterns. The geometry accurate function represents a good bottom-up approach for discovering interesting areas or obstacles for movements.

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Edkins, Tera L., Christopher M. Somers, Mark C. Vanderwel, Miranda J. Sadar, and Ray G. Poulin. "Variable habitat selection and movement patterns among Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) populations in Saskatchewan." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i2.2041.

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Pituophis catenifer sayi (Bullsnake) is a sparsely studied subspecies of conservation concern in Canada. Basic ecological information is lacking for P. c. sayi, which reaches its northern range limit in western Canada. To address this gap, we used radio-telemetry to examine space use and habitat selection in three populations of Bullsnakes in disjunct river valley systems (Frenchman, Big Muddy, and South Saskatchewan River Valleys) across their Saskatchewan range. Bullsnakes in two valleys used up to three times more space, travelled 2.5-times farther from overwintering sites, and had lower home range overlap than the third population. Landscape-level habitat selection was flexible, with snakes in all populations using both natural and human-modified habitats most frequently. Fine-scale habitat selection was also similar among populations, with Bullsnakes selecting sites within 1 m of refuges, regardless of whether they were natural or anthropogenic. Based on these results, Bullsnakes are flexible in their broad scale habitat use, as long as they are provided with fine scale refuge sites. The distribution of key seasonal resources appears to ultimately determine space use and habitat selection by Bullsnakes, regardless of the geographic location of the population.

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Orlando, Cristian Gabriel, Ashley Tews, Peter Banks, and Clare McArthur. "The power of odour cues in shaping fine-scale search patterns of foraging mammalian herbivores." Biology Letters 16, no. 7 (July 2020): 20200329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0329.

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Foraging by mammalian herbivores has profound impacts on natural and modified landscapes, yet we know little about how they find food, limiting our ability to predict and manage their influence. Mathematical models show that foragers exploiting odour cues outperform a random walk strategy. However, discovering how free-ranging foragers exploit odours in real, complex landscapes has proven elusive because of technological constraints. We took a novel approach, using a sophisticated purpose-built thermal camera system to record fine-scale foraging by a generalist mammalian herbivore, the swamp wallaby ( Wallabia bicolor ). We tested the hypothesis that odour cues shape forager movement and behaviour in vegetation patches. To do this, we compared wallaby foraging in two odour landscapes: Control (natural vegetation with food and non-food plants interspersed) and +Apple (the same natural vegetation plus a single, highly palatable food source with novel odour (apple)). The +Apple treatment led to strongly directed foraging by wallabies: earlier visits to vegetation patches, straighter movement paths, more hopping and fewer stops than in the Control treatment. Our results provide clear empirical evidence that odour cues are harnessed for efficient, directed search even at this fine scale. We conclude that random walk models miss a key feature shaping foraging within patches.

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Viddi, FA, RG Harcourt, R. Hucke-Gaete, and IC Field. "Fine-scale movement patterns of the sympatric Chilean and Peale’s dolphins in the northernPatagonian fjords, Chile." Marine Ecology Progress Series 436 (August 31, 2011): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09251.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fine-scale movement'

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