Academic literature on the topic 'Fine-scale movement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fine-scale movement"
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Fu, Zhen, Michael S. Crossley, Brendan Epstein, Cassandra Bates, David W. Crowder, Axel A. Elling, Paul A. Hohenlohe, Randa Jabbour, Ricardo A. Ramirez, and William E. Snyder. "Using fine-scale relatedness to infer natural enemy movement." Biological Control 160 (September 2021): 104662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104662.
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Nicholson, Kerry L., Matthew J. Warren, Camille Rostan, Johan Månsson, Thomas F. Paragi, and Håkan Sand. "Using fine-scale movement patterns to infer ungulate parturition." Ecological Indicators 101 (June 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.004.
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Orrell, DL, and NE Hussey. "Using the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to explore fine-scale movements of aquatic species: applications, analytical approaches and future directions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 687 (April 7, 2022): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps14003.
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Recent advancements in telemetry have redefined our ability to quantify the fine-scale movements of aquatic animals and derive a mechanistic understanding of movement behaviours. The VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) is a fine-scale commercial positioning system used to generate highly accurate semi-continuous animal tracks. To date, VPS has been used to study 86 species, spanning 25 taxonomic orders. It has provided fine-scale movement data for critical life stages, from tracking day-old turtle hatchlings on their first foray into the sea to adult fish returning to natal rivers to spawn. These high-resolution tracking data have improved our understanding of the movements of species across environmental gradients within rivers, estuaries and oceans, including species of conservation concern and commercial value. Existing VPS applications range from quantifying spatio-temporal aspects of animal space use and key aspects of ecology, such as rate of movement and resource use, to higher-order processes such as interactions among individuals and species. Analytical approaches have seen a move towards techniques that incorporate error frameworks such as autocorrelated kernel density estimators for home range calculations. VPS technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our fundamental understanding of fine-scale ecological and physiological processes for single and multi-species studies under natural conditions. Through a systematic review of the VPS literature, we focus on 4 principle topics: the diversity of species studied, current ecological and ecophysiological applications and data analysis techniques, and we highlight future frontiers of exploration.
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Webb, Stephen L., Kenneth L. Gee, Bronson K. Strickland, Stephen Demarais, and Randy W. DeYoung. "Measuring Fine-Scale White-Tailed Deer Movements and Environmental Influences Using GPS Collars." International Journal of Ecology 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459610.
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Few studies have documented fine-scale movements of ungulate species, including white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus), despite the advent of global positioning system (GPS) technology incorporated into tracking devices. We collected fine-scale temporal location estimates (i.e., 15 min/relocation attempt) from 17 female and 15 male white-tailed deer over 7 years and 3 seasons in Oklahoma, USA. Our objectives were to document fine-scale movements of females and males and determine effects of reproductive phase, moon phase, and short-term weather patterns on movements. Female and male movements were primarily crepuscular. Male total daily movements were 20% greater during rut () than postrut (). Female daily movements were greatest during postparturition (), followed by parturition (), and preparturition (). We found moon phase had no effect on daily, nocturnal, and diurnal deer movements and fine-scale temporal weather conditions had an inconsistent influence on deer movement patterns within season. Our data suggest that hourly and daily variation in weather events have minimal impact on movements of white-tailed deer in southern latitudes. Instead, routine crepuscular movements, presumed to maximize thermoregulation and minimize predation risk, appear to be the most important factors influencing movements.
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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib, and G. Talukdar. "MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-719-2016.
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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (<i>Melanochelys tricarinata</i>), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m<sup>2</sup>), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.
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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib, and G. Talukdar. "MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-719-2016.
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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (<i>Melanochelys tricarinata</i>), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m<sup>2</sup>), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.
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Floyd, Jessica R., Nick W. Ruktanonchai, Nicola Wardrop, Andrew J. Tatem, Joseph Ogola, and Eric M. Fèvre. "Exploring fine-scale human and livestock movement in western Kenya." One Health 7 (June 2019): 100081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100081.
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Cote, David, Jean-Marc Nicolas, Frederick Whoriskey, Adam M. Cook, Jeremy Broome, Paul M. Regular, and Darrin Baker. "Characterizing snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) movements in the Sydney Bight (Nova Scotia, Canada): a collaborative approach using multiscale acoustic telemetry." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 2 (February 2019): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0472.
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Like many deeper ocean species, the fine-scale movement ecology of snow crab is not well understood. We integrated fine-scale positioning telemetry with larger-scale position estimates from autonomous mobile surveys and harvester returns to evaluate movements of male and female snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). Effects of life stage–sex, temperature, and diel and tidal cycles on movement velocity were observed, with a tendency for increased velocities during the night, slack tide, and at increasing water temperatures. Males also moved faster than females and juveniles. The strength of these statistical relationships, however, was weak (R2 = 7.2%). The movement direction also did not vary over the tidal cycle. The maximum distance moved for adult males was an order of magnitude higher (37.1 km) than for females (3.6 km) and juvenile males (3.9 km), but median distances were more similar across groups. Individuals, once released, tended to disperse and move toward slope habitats. Little evidence of site fidelity was apparent. The absence of strong environmental influences on movements likely reflected the behavioural plasticity of snow crab and the relative environmental stability of offshore environments.
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Liu, Wan Li, Xiao Fei Liu, and Pei Jiu Yue. "Simulation Method of Particle Size Scale for Fine Sand Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1878.
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In sediment movable bed model, the basic similar conditions include the flow movement similar and the sediment movement similar. In water flow movement similar conditions, the velocity scale of the Freund's similarity and resistance similarity is inconsistency, and the flow resistance is the function of bed material grain size and flow intensity. In sediment movement similar, the particle size scale forms are not consistent too, and they are also related to the flow conditions, so the sediment partial size scale is difficult to determine. According to the research, the similar conditions can be focused on primary and secondary one, and put the primary one as the design basis. In view of the waterway regulation, the regulation flow discharge should be the design basis, others allowed a certain deviation; In the straight reach, resistance similarity should be the design basis, Freund's similarity allowed a certain deviation; In the bend reach, the Freund's similarity and resistance similarity should be simultaneously satisfied; For the bed load model, the incipient motion should meet similarity condition; The suspended sediment model should meet the sediment suspension similarity; For the non-uniform sediment, median particle size should be the design basis. According to the above principles, the sediment particle size scale can be determined.
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Vigeant-Langlois, Charles, and André Desrochers. "Movements of wintering American marten (Martes americana): relative influences of prey activity and forest stand age." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 11 (November 2011): 2202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-133.
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American marten (Martes americana (Turton, 1806)) was traditionally associated with old-growth forests, but recent evidence suggests that they are frequently found in younger forests as well. To better understand habitat requirements by this economically important furbearer, we investigated its fine-scale movement behavior in relation to local prey activity (tracks) and stand age. We georeferenced 34 marten tracks (57 km), associated prey tracks, and subnivean forays in a balsam fir forest of southern Québec, Canada. Marten movements were more tortuous in the presence of high numbers of prey tracks and near subnivean foraging sites. The latter relationships were stronger at a fine spatial scale (10 m movement steps) than at coarser scales (20 or 40 m movement steps). Marten movement tortuosity was unrelated to forest stand age after accounting for prey activity. These results support the hypothesis that the American marten does not hunt mainly in old-growth forests but appears to concentrate its foraging behaviour in areas with high prey activity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fine-scale movement"
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Jonsen, Ian D. "The influence of landscape structure on the fine-scale movement behavior and meso-scale dispersion of two species of calopterygid damselfly." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27583.pdf.
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Fransson, Lina. "Fine scale habitat and movement patterns of javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in Cipaganti, West Java, Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348817.
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Today biodiversity is rapidly decreasing and an increasing number of threatened species live in modified and human dominated landscapes. Therefore it is essential to learn more about how species cope with the changes of their habitat. The focus of this study lies on a primate species, the critically endangered Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus), endemic to the densely populated island of Java, Indonesia. In cooperation with the Little fire face project in West Java, I used a step selection function (SSF) framework, to understand how landscape structure affects the movement of Javan slow lorises within a fragmented mountain-agroforest landscape of Cipaganti, West Java. To investigate the movement and fine scale habitat selection of slow lorises I used one hour locations of 6 radio-collared slow lorises. The habitat and vegetation of observed and random steps was investigated in multiple variables such as presence of food trees and signs of human disturbance. For the analysis I paired observed steps (1h relocations) with 3 random habitat locations and used a conditional logistic regression to parameterize the SSF, which represents the probability of a focal slow loris to select a given step as a function of the habitat and vegetation factors surveyed. In average the slow lorises travelled about 450 m each night and most frequently they used a step length of about 0 – 50 m. My result reveals that slow lorises fine scale habitat selection is positively influenced by the presence of trees and tree trunk cover (indirect increasing the canopy cover and connectivity). They are also to a high extent positively affected by the presence of a feeding tree species, Calliandra calothyrsus. Surprisingly slow lorises selected steps associated with a higher number of fields (fields may indicate an increased biodiversity within the location). The results also indicate that slow lorises are limited in their movement by the presence of fields or rivers, which indicates that slow lorises are negatively influenced in their movement by a declining ability to move and forage within Cipaganti. I found no significant differences between sexes in their distance travelled. The recommendation for future conservation of slow lorises in Cipaganti is to prevent further habitat loss and fragmentation through activities that protect or maintain the present suitable slow loris habitat. Further research is needed to increase the knowledge of these primates’ abilities to live in this modified landscape.
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Takagi, Junichi. "Development and application of a fine-scale positioning method for the observation of movement behaviour of fish schools." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235114.
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Orlando, Cristian Gabriel. "The links between information, patch use and decision-making by foraging mammalian herbivores at small spatial and temporal scales." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25936.
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Since animals spend large amounts of time and energy searching for food, foraging is one of the most relevant ecological processes at the individual level. It involves moving throughout a landscape of different quality food ("finding a patch" phase) while assessing the potential threats and benefits of making particular choices ("diet selection" phase and "quitting a patch" phase). Central to the study of foraging behaviour, the optimal foraging theory considers all decisions are made to maximise the animal net rate of energy gain. Based on this theory, most of the works in foraging decision-making have focused on when and why a forager chooses to abandon a patch (quitting a patch phase), while the early phases are still poorly understood. In this project, I will study the foraging phases of finding a patch and diet selection, addressing two main questions: What makes a forager visit a patch? How are decisions made once in a food patch? I will incorporate animal cognition into my research, an aspect often overlooked in the optimal foraging theory where prescient knowledge is assumed. From here, I propose three aims: 1. Define the odour information available for foragers to find their food; 2. Test the importance of odour cues in finding food items within patches; 3. Determine the role and use of heuristics in food selection. To do this, I will use free-ranging swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor). This is a relevant study system given the impact that it generates on many humans activities in Australia. The results of this research will enhance our knowledge about the foraging process, allowing us to better understand the factors that modulate foragers' behaviour and propose new management actions to reduce conflicts between wildlife and people.
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Webb, Timothy. "Part I The Samson Suite for Chamber Orchestra. Part II The Provocative Prokofiev: Analysis of Moderato Movement Sonata for Flute and Piano in D Major, Opus 94." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1280337287.
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Sutton, Grace. "Fine-scale foraging movements and energetics in penguins." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS031.
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Quantifier les interactions prédateur-proie peut être difficile sur le plan logistique, en particulier dans les environnements marins. Cependant, il est essentiel de prédire comment les individus réagissent aux changements dans la disponibilité des proies, un facteur important dans l'évaluation de l'impact du changement climatique. Dans la présente étude, une combinaison de caméras, d'accéléromètres, d'enregistreurs de plongée et de GPS a été utilisée pour déterminer les facteurs influençant l'effort et l'efficacité de la recherche alimentaire chez les manchots. Celles-ci ont été étudiées chez 3 espèces : le manchot pygmée (Eudyptula minor), le manchot du Cap (Spheniscus demersus) et le gorfou macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus). Chez chaque espèce, les patchs de proies dictaient le mouvement tridimensionnel des manchots dans la colonne d'eau. L'effort de recherche de nourriture chez le manchot pygmée était influencé par l'abondance des proies, et non par le type de proie. L'accélération moyenne des manchots pygmées a été examinée en tant qu'indice d'effort et s'est avérée fortement corrélée aux taux de dépense énergétique déterminés à partir d'eau doublement marquée. L'apprentissage automatique a été utilisé pour détecter les captures de proies qui ont été validées à l'aide de caméras vidéo chez le manchot du Cap et le gorfou macaroni. Il a été constaté que les manchots du Cap présentaient des plongées pélagiques et une grande proportion de plongées benthiques. Les plongées benthiques étaient plus coûteuses mais plus fructueuses que les plongées pélagiques, indiquant un compromis entre l'effort et le succès. Les gorfous macaronis ont affiché un comportement spécifique à leurs proies, plongeant profondément lorsqu'ils se nourrissent de krill et effectuant des plongées peu profondes lorsqu'ils ciblaient des poissons. Cet ensemble de travaux met en évidence l'effet des patchs de proies et les facteurs de variabilité du comportement de recherche alimentaireQuantifying predator-prey interactions can be logistically difficult, especially in marine environments. However, it is essential to predict how individuals respond to changes in prey availability, an important factor in assessing the impact of climate change. In comparison to flying seabirds, penguins (Family: Spheniscidae) experience greater constraints when breeding due to restrictions in foraging range. As such, this group of seabirds are considered good indicators of local ecosystem health. Animal-borne video cameras have made it possible to observe behaviour in response to prey field. In the present study, a combination of animal-borne video cameras, accelerometers, dive recorders and GPS were used to determine the factors influencing foraging effort and efficiency in penguins. These were investigated in 3 species: 1) little penguin, Eudyptula minor; 2) African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, 3) Macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus. In each species, the immediate prey field dictated the 3-dimensional movement in the water column. Foraging effort in little penguins was influenced by the abundance of prey, not prey type. The mean body acceleration of little penguins was examined as an index of effort and was found to be highly correlated to energy expenditure rates determined from doubly-labelled water. Machine learning was used to detect prey captures which were validated using video cameras in African and Macaroni penguins. It was found that African penguins exhibited pelagic dives and a large proportion of successful benthic dives. Benthic dives were costlier but more successful than pelagic ones, indicating a trade-off between effort and success. Macaroni penguins displayed prey-specific behaviour, diving deep when foraging on subantarctic krill (Euphausia vallentini) and completing shallow dives when targeting juvenile fish.This body of work highlights the effect of prey field and the drivers of variability in foraging behaviour
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Hurlburt, Donna. "Fine scale movements of wetland small mammals, an analysis of pattern and perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq22030.pdf.
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Zoghby, Blair Anthony. "Fine-scale movements and habitat use of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus Leadbeateri." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15581.
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Southern Ground-Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri are listed as Endangered in South Africa and there is a concerted effort to reverse their population decline. Understanding the factors affecting their movement patterns and how they interact with their habitat is useful to inform conservation and habitat management options for the species, to select sites for artificial nests and to identify suitable areas for reintroduction initiatives. In this study, I report daily and seasonal patterns of habitat use as well as patterns of roost site use of four Southern Ground-Hornbill groups in the Associated Private Nature Reserves, northeast South Africa, based on data from GPS-satellite tags collected over one year from October 2010 to September 2011. Home ranges varied from 5.9-10.3 km² and were larger in winter than during the summer breeding season. Daily travel distances were greater during the breeding season, when birds were constrained to forage close to their nest, and were lower in winter, when birds ranged more widely. Hourly travel distances were affected by time of day, season, air temperature and group. Birds travelled farthest per hour in the morning, decreasing in the afternoon in winter. However, in summer hourly travel distances were bimodally distributed, with a minimum during the middle of the day when ambient temperatures exceed 25⁰C. Acacia-dominated vegetation and riparian habitats were favoured disproportionately during the heat of the day in summer, presumably because they offer more shade than other habitats. The number of roost sites used per month decreased progressively throughout the Early Wet season (October-December) and was lowest during the Late Wet season (January-March) for three groups that bred successfully. Mean monthly nights per roost were highest for these groups in the Early Wet and Late Wet seasons, specifically over December and January, coinciding with the peak breeding period. Throughout the Early Wet season, all four groups frequently roosted in close proximity to the nest, with 54-83% of roosts being within 1 000 m of the nest. During the Wet season, riparian habitats were favoured for roosting by the three groups that bred successfully, while during the dry season, disturbed areas, combretum-dominated habitats and mopane-dominated habitats were used. I conclude that the optimal habitat configurations for ground-hornbills include a mosaic of habitat types, including open areas for foraging and dense trees for shade as well as adequate large trees for nesting and roosting, particularly in riparian habitats.
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Senko, Jesse. "Fine scale diel movements and short term activity ranges of a marine megaherbivore at a tidally driven lagoon." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041305.
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Milligan, Marina. "Fine-scale distribution, habitat use, and movements of sperm whales." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36305.
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Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are nomadic species typically studied across broad (>100km) spatial scales. In this study, I model fine-scale (or submesocale) habitat preferences, determine how organization into distinctive units of associating female and juveniles influences habitat use, and describe how movements change across the 24-hour cycle. This study concerns a well-studied population of sperm whales off Dominica in the Eastern Caribbean. Statistical models suggest that overall habitat use is rather homogenous, and social behaviour is best predicted by the presence of mature males. Variation among social units in the amount of time spent, and space occupied, within the study area indicates habitat preferences at the level of the social unit. Finally, movements are influenced by the diurnal cycle, as whales tend to move from inshore to offshore at dusk. This study betters our understanding of sperm whale habitat decisions over fine-scales, and has implication for conservation and management strategies.
Book chapters on the topic "Fine-scale movement"
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Paull, Charles K., Krystle Anderson, David W. Caress, Eve Lundsten, and Roberto Gwiazda. "Fine-Scale Morphology of Tubeworm Slump, Monterey Canyon." In Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences, 155–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_15.
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Zerkal, Oleg V., and Olga S. Barykina. "Suffosion Landslides as a Specific Type of Slope Deformations in the European Part of Russia." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 99–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_8.
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AbstractLandslide classification systems are based on the analysis of mechanisms of slope deformation and consideration of landslide-forming earth materials. The main types of landslide movement are fall, topple, slide, spread and flow. Within the European part of Russia, a specific type of slope deformation is often observed, where suffosion (the process of washout and mechanical removal of fine particles from saturated soils under the influence of infiltrating groundwater flow) plays an essential role. Suffosion landslides are defined as a type of complex landslide formed in regions characterized by alternating horizons of unsaturated and saturated sands, loams and clays. Such hydrogeological conditions occur in the European part of Russia, most of which is occupied by the East European Plain. In the East European Plain, suffosion landslides are confined to the valleys of large rivers and their tributaries (Volga, Oka, Don, etc.), where their volumes can reach several million m3. In the Volgograd and Moscow regions, suffosion can result in soil decompaction at the base of slopes, or the formation of underground cavities in massifs, niches and grottoes on slopes, ultimately leading to the formation of suffosion landslides. Suffosion landslides are complex displacements of waterlogged soil masses formed as a result of suffosion and the subsequent associated collapse of the sides of suffosion cavities and niches. Indicators of suffosion landslides are: (1) the presence of a prograding fan of finely dispersed material at the base of slope and adjacent terrain, whose boundaries often exceed the landslide limits; and (2) a large number of ledges of different sizes on the surface of the landslide body created by uneven settling of blocks into the roof of suffosion cavities, and on the sides of suffosion niches. Suffosion landslides are often elongated, horseshoe-shaped, or ∞-shaped with a narrowing in the central part formed in saturated soils breaching from an underground suffosion cavity. Suffosion landslides do not have a marked sliding surface. Rather, soil displacement occurs over layers with strongly dispersed groundwater. The displacement rate of such landslides depends on the scale and speed of development of mechanical suffosion at the base of the slope.
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Houghton, Jonathon D. R., Nikolai Liebsch, Thomas K. Doyle, Adrian C. Gleiss, Martin K. S. Lilley, Rory P. Wilson, and Graeme C. Hays. "Harnessing the Sun: Testing a Novel Attachment Method to Record Fine Scale Movements in Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola)." In Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 229–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9640-2_14.
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Bildstein, Keith L. "Movement Behavior." In Vultures of the World, 135–50. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501761614.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the movement behavior of vultures. Short- and long-distance movements via low-cost, soaring flight allow vultures to expand their ecological neighborhoods considerably and to better assess and monitor daily the multi-annual changes in essential resources, as well as to fine-tune their breeding seasons and geographical distributions. The chapter identifies three types of movement: dispersal, ranging movements, and migration. Dispersal can be divided into two: natal dispersal, which occur when juveniles or subadults move away from their birthplace before breeding; and breeding dispersal, which occur when adults move from their birthplace to new breeding sites. Meanwhile, ranging movements consist of movements within home ranges, the areas that individuals routinely visit to obtain the resources needed to survive and reproduce. Migration, the large-scale seasonal shifts in populations between breeding grounds and winter areas, which is a signature trait in many birds, is far less common in vultures than in other avian groups.
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"Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns." In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, edited by Leah Brown, Alex Haro, and Theodore Castro-Santos. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch19.
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<em>Abstract.—</em>Declines in the population of the American eel, <em>Anguilla rostrata</em>, along the northwestern Atlantic have stimulated resource managers to consider the impact of hydroelectric facilities on silver-phase eels as they migrate downstream to the sea. During the fall of 2002, we investigated the movement of migrant eels passing downstream of a small hydroelectric facility on the Connecticut River (Massachusetts). We used three-dimensional acoustic telemetry to monitor fine-scale movement of telemetered silver eels in the forebay (the first 100 m of area directly upstream of the dam). Eel movements were tracked approximately every three seconds, and individual swimming pathways were reconstructed to compare the three-dimensional results with biotelemetry methods previously used at this site; conventional telemetry systems included radio, PIT, and acoustic telemetry. We found that three-dimensional acoustic telemetry provided the necessary fine-scale resolution to characterize dominant movement patterns and locations of passage. Eels were detected at all depths throughout the forebay; however, they spent the greatest proportion of their time near the bottom, with occasional vertical movements to the surface. Eels exhibited a range of movements interpreted to be downstream searching behavior, including altered vertical and horizontal positions at or near the trash racks and various looping movements directly upstream of the trash racks and throughout the entire forebay. A substantial number of these eels (28%) were detected re-entering the acoustic array on multiple dates before passing the station. The majority (89%) were detected passing downstream of the dam through the turbines.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Robert E. Gresswell, Christian E. Torgersen, Douglas S. Bateman, Troy J. Guy, Steven R. Hendricks, and J. E. B. Wofford. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch22.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Small stream systems are complex networks that form a physicochemical template governing the persistence of aquatic species such as coastal cutthroat trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii</em>. To gain new insight into these interactions, we initiated an integrated program of landscape- scale sampling that is focused on fine- and broad-scale relationships among upslope landscape characteristics, physical stream habitat, and the spatial patterns of cutthroat trout abundance. Our sample of 40 catchments (500–1,000 ha) represented approximately 15% of the 269 barrier-isolated catchments in western Oregon that support populations of cutthroat trout. Because data were collected in a spatially contiguous manner throughout each catchment, it was possible to collect biological and geographic information necessary to assess the spatial structure of cutthroat trout abundance. Results underscore the influence of the physical habitat template at a variety of spatial scales. For example, cutthroat trout move throughout the accessible portions of small streams. Some cutthroat trout congregate in areas of suitable habitat and form local populations that may exhibit unique genetic attributes. At times, some cutthroat trout move into larger downstream portions of the network where they may contribute to the genetic character of anadromous or local potamodromous assemblages. Results underscore the advantages of viewing habitats that are critical to the fitness and persistence of cutthroat trout populations as matrices of physical sites that are linked by movement. It is apparent that human activities that impede movement among suitable habitat patches can have unanticipated consequences for metapopulations of cutthroat trout and may ultimately affect their persistence.
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"Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology." In Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology, edited by Julie K. Nielsen, George H. Niezgoda, S. James Taggart, Steven J. Cooke, Peter Anson, Caleb T. Hasler, Kyle C. Hanson, and Gord Carl. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874271.ch16.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—We present a new acoustic telemetry method for efficiently estimating positions of tagged marine and freshwater animals using vessel-based active tracking. Vessel-based tracking can require considerable time and effort, which limits both study area size and the number of tagged animals possible for telemetry studies. However, the recently-developed SYNAPS (Synthetic Aperture Positioning System) tracking method allows efficient collection of fine-scale movement information for many tagged animals within large study areas, and therefore enables large surveys to be conducted in a methodical and cost-effective manner. SYNAPS computes position estimates of tagged animals by means of hyperbolic positioning using the geographic location of a mobile hydrophone synchronized with signal detections to create a synthetic hydrophone array. Here we describe the process of tracking with SYNAPS, quantify accuracy and precision of position estimations, and provide guidelines for tracking procedures. SYNAPS position estimates were compared with known positions of fixed tags in both marine (Alaska, USA) and freshwater lake (Ontario, Canada) systems. Accuracy of position estimates ranged from 1.2 m using hull-mounted hydrophones and survey-quality GPS equipment to 23.4 m using towed hydrophones and a navigation-grade GPS receiver. This new tool will facilitate spatially explicit management applications such as aquatic protected area design and essential fish habitat designation by increasing the ability of acoustic telemetry to characterize movement of marine animals at different scales.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Mark S. Bevelhimer and Charles C. Coutant. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em>.— The bioengineering field needs an inexpensive tool to monitor fish behavior in relation to structures and hydraulic features at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants. We attached inexpensive chemiluminescent light sticks to 243 yearling steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>to assess the feasibility of using light emitting tags as an inexpensive method to observe night time movements of downstream-migrating steelhead at a hydropower dam powerhouse and headrace. Adaptation of a small monofilament T-bar anchor tag allowed rapid tagging with minimal handling stress. Preliminary studies in the laboratory indicated no apparent deleterious effects of the tags. The near-neutrally buoyant, 37 × 4 mm light sticks were held about 2 cm above the fish’s back and were visible from all directions. Visual observations allowed definition of trajectories of 138 fish from point of release in relation to several physical structures and hydraulic patterns near a hydropower dam. Less detailed observations were made for another 40 fish. The technique was valuable for obtaining detailed movement patterns of fish at depths up to about 1.7 m and over areas of about 30 m radius from one observer located about 3 m above the water surface. The main use for light tags is likely to be for short-duration, night observations of fish behavior in small streams, for shallow near-shore areas, or with surface-oriented fish. The technique seems useful for observing fine-scale fish movements near physical and hydraulic features associated with shallow entrances to water intakes, such as for turbines or fish bypasses. Additional observers and/or video surveillance can extend the distance of observations, the accuracy of the data, and quantification of results.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Mark S. Bevelhimer and Charles C. Coutant. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch15.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.— The bioengineering field needs an inexpensive tool to monitor fish behavior in relation to structures and hydraulic features at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants. We attached inexpensive chemiluminescent light sticks to 243 yearling steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>to assess the feasibility of using light emitting tags as an inexpensive method to observe night time movements of downstream-migrating steelhead at a hydropower dam powerhouse and headrace. Adaptation of a small monofilament T-bar anchor tag allowed rapid tagging with minimal handling stress. Preliminary studies in the laboratory indicated no apparent deleterious effects of the tags. The near-neutrally buoyant, 37 × 4 mm light sticks were held about 2 cm above the fish’s back and were visible from all directions. Visual observations allowed definition of trajectories of 138 fish from point of release in relation to several physical structures and hydraulic patterns near a hydropower dam. Less detailed observations were made for another 40 fish. The technique was valuable for obtaining detailed movement patterns of fish at depths up to about 1.7 m and over areas of about 30 m radius from one observer located about 3 m above the water surface. The main use for light tags is likely to be for short-duration, night observations of fish behavior in small streams, for shallow near-shore areas, or with surface-oriented fish. The technique seems useful for observing fine-scale fish movements near physical and hydraulic features associated with shallow entrances to water intakes, such as for turbines or fish bypasses. Additional observers and/or video surveillance can extend the distance of observations, the accuracy of the data, and quantification of results.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Anthropogenic Stressors in Estuaries." In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0026.
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Human demands on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are on the increase globally and have likely exceeded the regenerative capacity of the Earth since the 1980s. Demands on our aquatic resources will increase in coming decades as it is projected that 75% of the world’s population (6.3 billion) will reside in coastal areas by 2025 (Tilman et al., 2001). The Earth’s population is expected to reach 9 billion during this century, and the projected effects of contaminant loading and human encroachment on biodiversity still remain unclear. The disturbance on global coastal ecosystems and the threat it will have on the economically critical resources they provide, has been estimated to be valued at 12.6 trillion U.S. dollars (Costanza et al., 2001). It has become increasingly apparent that in many regions of the world, Earth systems, which have been viewed as being primarily controlled by natural drivers such as climate, vegetation, and lithology, are now controlled by social, societal, and economic drivers (e.g., population growth, urbanization, industrialization water engineering) (Meybeck, 2002, 2003). This replacement of natural drivers over the past 50 to 200 years has recently been referred to as the Anthropocene era (first postulated by Vernadski, 1926), as a next phase that follows the Holocene era (Crutzen and Stoermer, 2000). Other studies that have effectively made large-scale linkages between human effects on the Earth systems (Turner et al., 1990) and aquatic systems (Costanza et al., 1990, 1997; Meybeck, 2002, 2003; Meybeck and Vörösmarty, 2004) have all concluded that a more comprehensive and fine-scale interpretation of the Anthropocene is needed if we are to make future predictions and management decisions effectively. The growth and movement of human populations have resulted in a significant stressor in the form of invasive species that has altered global biodiversity patterns. For example, the introduction of invasive species worldwide has changed the community composition and physical structure of many ecosystems (Elton, 1958; Vitousek et al., 1997). Estuarine systems, like the northern San Francisco Bay, have experienced serious declines in productivity at the base of the food web over recent decades after the introduction of the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in 1987 (Carlton et al., 1990).
Conference papers on the topic "Fine-scale movement"
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Shi, Jing, Yachao Wang, and Xiaoping Yang. "Inverse Hall-Petch Effect in Atomistic Machining of Polycrystalline Copper Structures." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50288.
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In this study, a preliminary investigation about the grain size effect in machining of polycrystalline copper structures at atomistic scale is carried out using molecular dynamics simulation. Four copper structures with different grain sizes are chosen for simulation. The four structures consist of 16, 64, 128, and 256 grains, and the corresponding equivalent grain sizes are 13.6, 8.6, 6.8, and 5.4 nm, respectively. The results show that significant smaller forces are required to machine the copper workpiece in both the tangential and thrust directions as the grain size decreases. The magnitude of equivalent stress distribution also becomes smaller with the decrease of grain size. It disagrees with the commonly accepted strengthening effect (i.e., the Hall-Petch relation) for polycrystalline materials as a result of grain size reduction. This phenomenon can be explained by the inverse Hall-Petch relation proposed in literature in recent years. According to the new relation, the polycrystalline material strength decreases as the grain size decreases within a threshold value. This can be further attributed to the fact that the dominant deformation mode is changed from dislocation movement to other mechanisms such as grain boundary sliding with very fine nano-structured polycrystalline.
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Ma, Shi-Ning, De-Ma Ba, Chang-Qing Li, and Fan-Jun Meng. "Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Surface Layer of 38CrSi Steel." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21154.
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A nanocrystalline surface layer was fabricated on a 38CrSi Steel with tempered sorbite structure by using Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding (SFPB). The microstructural evolution of SFPB-treated specimens under different processing conditions was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental evidence showed severe plastic deformation and obvious grains refinement were observed and a nanocrystalline surface layer (grain size < 100nm) was found after SFPB treatment. The thickness of nanostructured surface layer varies from a few to about 25μm as treated time increasing from 80s to 240s, but the grain size varies slightly. For the sample treated for 240s, the average grain size of equiaxed nanocrystallites with random crystallographic orientations on the top surface layer is about 16nm. The indexing of diffraction rings indicates nanostructured surface layer consists of ferrite and cementite phases without any evidence of a new phase. The structure size increases gradually from nano-scale to original-scale with an increase of the distance from the top surface layer. In the region about 20–30μm deep from the top surface, the microstructures are mainly composed of 60–100nm roughly equiaxed grains and subgrains. Some subbounsaries are composed of dense dislocation walls (DDWs). In this regime some cell structures are also seen, which are separated by dislocation lines (DTs) and some DDWs. Experimental analysis indicate coarse-grains are gradually refined into nano-sized grains by dislocations activity with gradual increase of strain and strain rate from matrix to treated surface. Both ferrite and cementite phases occur grain refinement. Grain refinement of 38CrSi sample is mainly attributed to the movement of dislocation.
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Gordnier, Raymond E., and Miguel R. Visbal. "High-Order Computational Techniques for Unsteady Vortical Flows Over Delta Wings." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98559.
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A high-order computational method for the highly unsteady, complex vortical flows over delta wings is presented. A sixth-order compact difference scheme with an eighth-order low pass filter is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Two approaches to turbulence modeling are investigated. The first scheme is an implicit LES (ILES) method which exploits the high-order accuracy of the compact difference scheme and uses the discriminating higher-order filter to regularize the flow. The second approach is a new hybrid RANS/ILES method which employs a standard k–ε model in regions where the grid resolution is unable to capture the turbulent behavior, and transitions to the ILES method in the vortical flow region where large scale turbulent structures are resolved. Computational simulations have been performed for a 50° sweep delta wing at 15° angle of attack and a moderate Reynolds number, Re = 2 × 106. Solutions employing the two turbulence models are evaluated on a baseline grid. A fine mesh computation has been performed for the ILES approach to investigate the impact of mesh resolution on this scheme. Computed results are also compared with the limited experimental measurements available. Computations exploring the control of the vortical flows above a swept delta wing by use of a dialectric-barrier-discharge actuator are also presented. With the actuator located near the apex, significant movement of the vortex breakdown location and a dramatic transformation of the shear-layer sub-structures are demonstrated.
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Galanti, Adrielle, Verônia Corrêa César Rodrigues, Daniela Maria Ribeiro Vaz, and Ana Paula Oliveira Borges. "Clinical-enabled aspects after Neurotoxoplasmosis in a patient with immunosuppression: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.432.
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Background: Neurotoxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma Gondii, frequent in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome who become immunosuppressed by the presence of the disease. It can be presented by one or more brain abscesses, encephalitis or ventriculitis. Objectives: case report of a volunteer after neurological sequelae of neurotoxoplasmosis in order to highlight the relevant findings for a neurofunctional rehabilitation. Design and setting: This is an observational, cross-sectional case report type study conducted at the Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia of the University of Franca (UNIFRAN), with CEP approval (CAAE 83164918.2.0000.5495). Methods: Female patient, 53 years old. In the physiotherapy sector, neurological evaluation of the components was performed: sensitivity, movement, tone, reflexes, motor coordination, balance and gait. Balance and gait were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, the Standing and Walking Test and the Dynamic Walking Index. Results: After clinical investigation, neurological toxoplasmosis infection was found in the right cerebral hemisphere. The physiotherapeutic evaluation showed the presence of left hemiparesis, the presence of spastic hypertonia, patellar and achilles hyperreflexia, the absence of fine motor skills and the presence of a reaping gait. The BSE result was 32 points, the TUG was 10.3 seconds and IMD was 20 points. Conclusion: The compromises found have an impact on the functionality of the volunteer. This study emphasizes the valorization of neurofunctional physiotherapeutic semiology for a treatment proposal that promotes greater functional independence.
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Ishikawa, Nobuyuki, Mitsuhiro Okatsu, Junji Shimamura, Shigeru Endo, Nobuo Shikanai, Ryuji Muraoka, Joe Kondo, and Nobuhisa Suzuki. "Material Development and Strain Capacity of Grade X100 High Strain Linepipe Produced by Heat Treatment Online Process." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64507.
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Linepipes installed in permafrost ground or seismic region, where larger strains can be expected by ground movement, are required to have sufficient strain capacity in order to prevent local buckling or girth weld fracture. On the other hand, strain capacity of linepipes usually degreases with increasing strength, and this is one of the reasons for preventing wider use of high-grade linepipe for high strain application. Furthermore, external coating is necessary for corrosion resistance of pipe, but coating heat can cause strain-aged hardening, which results in increased yield strength and Y/T. Therefore, there is a strong demand for developing high strength linepipe for a high strain application with resistance to strain-aged hardening. Extensive studies to develop Grade X100 high strain linepipe have been conducted. One of the key technologies for improving strain capacity is dual-phase microstructural control. Steel plate with the microstructure including bainite and dispersed martensite-austenite constituent (MA) can be obtained by applying accelerated cooling followed by heat treatment online process (HOP). HOP is the induction heating process that enables rapid heating of the steel plates. Variety of microstructural control, such as fine carbide precipitation and MA formation, can be utilized by this newly developed heating process. One of the significant features of the HOP process is to improve resistance to strain-aged hardening. Increase in yield strength by coating can be minimized even for the Grade X100 linepipe. Trial production of X100 high strain linepipe with the size of 36″ OD and 15mm WT was conducted by applying the HOP process. Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of developed X100 linepipe are introduced in this paper. In order to evaluate compressive strain capacity of the developed pipe, full-scale pipe bending test was carried out by using the trial X100 high strain linepipe after external coating. Full scale bending test of developed X100 linepipe demonstrated sufficient compressive strain capacity even after external coating.
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Gencoglu, Aytug, David Olney, Alexandra La Londe, Karuna Koppula, and Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas. "Particle Manipulation in Dielectrophoretic Devices." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66439.
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Microfluidic devices or lab-on-a-chip systems can make a significant impact in many fields where obtaining a rapid response is critical, particularly in analyses involving biological cells. Microfluidics has revolutionized the manner in which many different assessments/processes are carried out, since it offers attractive advantages over traditional bench-scale techniques. Some of the advantages are: small sample and reagent amounts, higher resolution and sensitivity, improved level of integration and automation, lower cost and much shorter processing times. There is a growing interest on the development of techniques that can be used in microfluidics devices. Among these, electrokinetic techniques have shown great potential due to their flexibility. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic mechanism that refers to the interaction of a dielectric particle with a spatially non-uniform electric field; this leads to particle movement due to polarization effects. DEP offers great potential since it can be carried out employing DC and AC electric fields, and neutral and charged particles can be manipulated. This work is focused on the use of insulator based DEP (iDEP), a novel dielectrophoretic mode that employs arrays of insulating structures to generate dielectrophoretic forces. Successful microparticle manipulation can be achieved employing iDEP, due to its unique characteristics that allow for great flexibility. In this work, microchannels containing arrays of cylindrical insulating posts were employed to concentrate, sort and separate microparticles. Mathematical modeling with COMSOL® was performed to identify optimal device configuration. Different sets of experiments were carried out employing DC and AC potentials. The results demonstrated that effective and fast particle manipulation is possible by fine tuning dielectrophoretic force and electroosmotic flow.
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Kazantsev, Gleb Vladimirovich, and Alexey Igorevitch Ivanov. "Lithofacial Interpretation of the Section in the Core Absence Intervals Using Microimager Data." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206593-ms.
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Abstract This work is devoted to a new direction for geology – interpretation of studied section of sediments through the analysis of microimager data. Imager analysis provides important information about the structural and textural features of rocks, nature of stratification, structural occurrence of the section, natural and technogenic fracturing. The use of borehole microimages in geological and field studies allows us to deepen and expand the existing ideas about the geological structure of known hydrocarbon deposits, and the integrated use of images allows us to solve narrowly focused tasks (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). It is worth to notice that today the potential of reservoir microimagers as a geological GIS tool is underestimated (Isotova et al., 1993) (Mathis et al., 1995) (Donselaar et al., 2005). The most widespread development of borehole imagers abroad occurred in the mid-80s of the XX century. Currently, their use is still gaining popularity in Russia. The use of microimages is not limited to the open trunk of a drilled well, technologies that allow obtaining images directly during drilling are available and widely used (Rybalchenko et al., 2016). From the point of view of well productivity, they can be used to characterize such key parameters as the orientation of horizontal stresses, as well as the intervals of anisotropy, secondary porosity, fracturing and possible crack spread during hydraulic fracturing (Climer et al., 2015). Fine structural and textural features of the section can be used for sedimentological analysis, which means the study of sedimentary rocks in order to establish the processes of their formation - the transport of material, the accumulation of sediments and their diagenetic transformations (Nichols et al., 1999). This analysis is based on the principle of actualism and is carried out using the latest results of studying modern sedimentation processes (Prothero et al., 1996). Imagers are divided into the degree of detail and the scale of measurements:Microimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which are images (well scan) with an axial resolution of no more than 1 cm, with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 75% and having a correction for uneven movement and for the intervals of puffs (FMI, FMI-HD, QGEO, QGEO Slim, TBEI of the Wireline division, and also MicroScope HD devices).Imagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images with an axial resolution of no more than 10 cm and/or with a maximum coverage of the wellbore of at least 50%. (FMS, DOBMI, OBMI, UBI divisions of Wireline, and also MicroScope and GeoVISION devices).Macroimagers – a number of GIS devices, the result of which is images (well scan) with an axial resolution of more than 10 cm (geoVISION, EcoScope). Imager - a graphical representation of the walls of the well. It is the result of recording a number of GIS devices. In the diagrams, it is a scan of the cylinder from 0 to 360 degrees, oriented to the cardinal directions relative to the true north or relative to the "top" of the well (Top of Hole). In this paper, authors show the advantages of microimagers over the informativeness of a standard GIS complex and sedimentological core study, and also describes cases when the informativeness of a microimager is not inferior to the informativeness of core data. Authors understand that core is the most important link in the chain of studying the geological structure of the deposit. Nevertheless, it is difficult to characterize the entire interval of the formation using only the core, both for geological and technological reasons. At the same time, imagers can be used not only as a qualitative, but also a quantitative source of visual information (Brown et al., 2015).
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Kulkarni, Ambarish, and Ajay Kapoor. "Virtual Tools for Safety and Ergonomic Evaluations of Electric Vehicle Architecture." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63045.
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Electric vehicles (EV’s) are alternative fuel technology in auto industry with wide acceptance across globe. This paper elaborates virtual methods used to as tool for safety and ergonomic evaluations of in wheel design using Switch Reluctance Motor (SRM). In our recent research, a unique design of in wheel design using SRM has been developed. Special advantages of this design include modularity, scalability, cost effectiveness, and easy installation. Easy installation of in wheel design architecture is one of the prime criteria, since it relates to changing of tyres in long runs. In the proposed passenger car, if work is carried out for maintenance issues, generally single operator (mechanic) dose tyre changing or wheel/brake servicing. Two validations are important, mainly safety of the operator; secondly design for assembly of motor, and tyre rims. As a part of this research, Virtual Reality (VR) based safety and ergonomic evaluation studies have been conducted for the in wheel design adaptations. The computational models and virtual modelling simulations using motion capture, Arena and EON reality mimicked live system environments, so as to validate effectiveness motor assembly and disassembly functionality using human as an interface. Initial phase consists of schematic representations of models to evaluate conceptualisation for different designs. Based on schematics, SR motor and rim tyre models were developed and interfaced in VR environment. In second phase, vehicle topology was reverse engineered using hand held 3D scanner and converted to metafile for full scale model development. In third phase, motion capture was used with 20 camera systems to video record the existing human movements and rigid body such as tyre to develop live environment. Finally all three phases were interfaced together in VR environment to evaluate assembly and disassembly functions. Based on the validation of these, designs were fine tuned for effective assembly functionality. The VR based safety and ergonomic evaluation procedures were used for demonstration of wheel assembly disassembly functions by single operator. Similar context can be extended to other automotive design evaluations, without substantial prototype costs for safety and ergonomic evaluations.