Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fine chemical

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fine chemical'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fine chemical"

1

Carpenter, K. J. "Chemical reaction engineering aspects of fine chemicals manufacture." Chemical Engineering Science 56, no. 2 (January 2001): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00231-1.

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Bennett, Anthony. "Pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals: Filtration and separation in the diverse fine chemical sectors." Filtration + Separation 50, no. 6 (November 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(13)70240-4.

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Nomura, Kotohiro, and Boonyarach Kitiyanan. "Catalysis and Fine Chemicals." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050516.

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At the event of the International Symposium on Catalysis and Fine Chemicals 2018 (C&FC2018, 10–14 December 2018, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) organized by PETROMAT (co-organized by Chemical Society of Thailand and CATSJ), we decided to organize a Special Issue entitled “Catalysis and Fine Chemicals” [...]
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STINSON, STEPHEN C. "FINE CHEMICALS." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 28 (July 9, 2001): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n028.p065.

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ROUHI, A. MAUREEN. "FINE CHEMICALS." Chemical & Engineering News 80, no. 29 (July 22, 2002): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n029.p045.

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BAUM, RUDY M. "Fine Chemicals." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 83, no. 22 (May 30, 2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n022.p005.

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Livage, J., M. Henry, J. P. Jolivet, and C. Sanchez. "Chemical Synthesis of Fine Powders." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1990): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400060693.

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Interest in the synthesis of submicron monodispersed powders is increasing. Such powders find applications in the ceramic industry when high performance materials are required. Sintering time and temperature can be significantly reduced with powders of narrow particle-size distribution. Fine colloidal particles can be made by a variety of methods, from the vapor phase or the liquid phase.The sol gel process offers new approaches to the synthesis of fine powders. Starting from molecular precursors, such as metal alkoxides or aqueous solutions, an oxide network is obtained via inorganic polymerization reactions. These reactions occur in solution, and the term “sol-gel processing” is often used to describe the synthesis of inorganic oxides by wet chemical methods. It offers many advantages compared to the conventional powder route. One unique advantage is the ability to go all the way from the molecular precursor to the solid material, permitting better control of the entire process and allowing synthesis of “tailor-made” powders.
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Szuromi, P. D. "CHEMISTRY: Fine-Tuning Chemical Sensors." Science 288, no. 5468 (May 12, 2000): 929d—929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.929d.

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XIONG, Yuan-Qin, Wei-Jian XU, and Wen-Sheng LI. "Compounding Technique of Fine Chemicals Shall Be Highly Valued by the Chemical Workers: Thoughts on Fine Chemical Formula Design Course." University Chemistry 31, no. 7 (2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201509006.

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MULLIN, RICK. "FINE CHEMICALS UPSWING." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 41 (October 8, 2007): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n041.p007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fine chemical"

1

Lau, Wai Ngar. "Zeolite membrane microreactor for fine chemical production /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202006%20LAUW.

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Yasmin, Samina. "Engineering of P450cam for fine chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497160.

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Asmatulu, Ramazan. "Advanced Chemical-Mechanical Dewatering of Fine Particles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26604.

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In the present work, novel dewatering aids and a novel centrifuge configuration were developed and applied for the purpose of dewatering fine particles. Three different types dewatering reagents were tested in different filtration and centrifugation units. These chemicals included low-HLB surfactants, naturally occurring lipids, and modified lipids. Most of these reagents are insoluble in water; therefore, they were used in solutions of appropriate solvents, such as light hydrocarbon oils and short-chain alcohols. The role of these reagents was to increase the hydrophobicity of the coal and selected mineral particles (chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, talc, clay, phosphate, PCC and silica) for the dewatering. In the presence of these reagents, the water contact angles on the coal samples were increased up to 90o. According to the Laplace equation, an increase in contact angle with the surfactant addition should decrease the capillary pressure in a filter cake, which should in turn increase the rate of dewatering and help reduce the cake moisture. The use of the novel dewatering aids causes a decrease in the surface tension of water and an increase in the porosity of the cake, both of which also contribute to improved dewatering. A series of batch-scale dewatering tests were conducted on a variety of the coal and mineral samples using the novel dewatering aids. The results obtained with a Buchner funnel and air pressure filters showed that cake moistures could be reduced substantially, the extent of which depends on the particle size, cake thickness, drying time, reagent dosage, conditioning time, reagent type, sample aging, water chemistry, etc. It was determined that use of the novel dewatering aids could reduce the cake formation time by a significant degree due to the increased kinetics of dewatering. At the same time, the use of the dewatering aids reduced the cake moistures by allowing the water trapped in smaller capillaries of the filter cake. It was found that final cake moistures could be reduced by 50% of what can be normally achieved without using the reagents. However, the moisture reduction becomes difficult with increasing cake thickness. This problem can be minimized by applying a mechanical vibration to the cake, spraying a short-chain alcohol on the cake and by adding a small amount of an appropriate coagulant, such as alum and CaCl2 to the coal and mineral slurries. The novel dewatering aids were also tested using several different continuous filters, including a drum filter, disc filter and horizontal belt filter (HBF). The results obtained with these continuous filtration devices were consistent with those obtained from the batch filters. Depending on the coal and mineral samples and the type of the reagent, 40 to 60% reductions in moisture were readily achieved. When using vacuum disc filters, the cake thickness increased substantially in the presence of the novel dewatering aids, which could be attributed to the increased kinetics of dewatering. A dual vacuum system was developed in the present work in order to be able to control the cake thickness, which was necessary to achieve lower cake moistures. It was based on using a lower vacuum pressure during the cake formation time, while a full vacuum pressure was used during the drying cycle time. Thus, use of the dual vacuum system allowed the disc filter to be used in conjunction with the novel dewatering aids. Its performance was similar to that of HBF, which is designed to control cake thickness and cake formation time independently. The effectiveness of using the novel dewatering aids were also tested in a full-continuous pilot plant, in which coal samples were cleaned by a flotation column before the flotation product was subjected to the disc filter. The tests were conducted with and without using novel dewatering aids. These results were consistent with those obtained from the laboratory and batch-scale tests. The novel centrifuge developed in the present work was a unit, which combined a gravity force and air pressure. The new centrifuge was based on increasing the pressure drop across the filter cake formed on the surface of the medium (centrifuge wall). This provision made it possible to take advantage of Darcy s law and improve the removal of capillary water, which should help lower the cake moisture. A series of tests were conducted on several fine coal and mineral particles and obtained more than 50% moisture reduction even at very fine particle size (2 mm x 0). Based on the test results obtained in the present work, two proof-of-concept (POC) plants have been designed. The first was for the recovery of cyclone overflows that are currently being discarded in Virginia, and the other was for the recovery of fines from a pond in southern West Virginia. The former was designed based on the results of the plant tests conducted in the present work. Cost vs. benefit analyses were conducted on the two POC plants. The results showed very favorable internal rates of return when using the novel dewatering aids. Surface chemistry studies were conducted on the coal samples based on the results obtained in the present investigation. These consisted mainly of the surface characterization of the coal samples (surface mineral composition, surface area, zeta potential, x-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS)), acid-base interactions of the solids and liquids, dewatering kinetic tests, contact angle measurements of the coal samples and surface force measurements using AFM. In addition, carbon coating on a silica plate using palsed laser deposition (PLD) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition tests were conducted on the sample to better understand the surfactant adsorption and dewatering processes. The test results showed that the moisture reductions on the fine particles agree well with the surface chemistry results.
Ph. D.
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Msutu, Ath'enkosi. "New CO₂ chemistry for fine chemical synthesis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13102.

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Includes abstract.~Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-96).
There is a great need in the chemical industry for developing CO2 as a C1 building block as an important step towards "green chemistry". CO2 is also attractive as a chemical feedstock because it is readily available, inexpensive, nontoxic and it can replace toxic building blocks such as phosgene and CO. Industrially, megatons of CO2 are used each year for the production of urea, inorganic carbonates, salicylic acid, and polycarbonates, yet this is still miniscule compared to the immense potential that is still yet to be harnessed in using this versatile building block. This thesis discusses how a novel methodology was developed for synthesising a benzotriazole (Bt) urea directly from CO2 in a two-step, one-pot synthesis. The procedure involves trapping CO2 with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of DBU, and reaction of the resultant carbamate salt with triphenylphosphine and chlorobenzotriazole (BtCl) to produce Bt ureas in moderate to high yields. The Bt group may serve as a leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions, therefore it is also shown here how the Bt urea presents itself as a precursor for an array of useful organic intermediates. These intermediates include ureas, amides, S-thiocarbamates and sulfonylureas.
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Elmekawy, Ahmed. "Bifunctional supported catalysts for fine chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/23325/.

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The objective was to prepare and optimise solid acid and solid base catalysts for liquid phase reactions. The approach has been to functionalize porous silica support materials with acid and base catalytic groups. Solid acid, solid base and bifunctional solid acid/base catalysts were studied. Evidence for acid-base cooperative catalytic mechanisms was found, suggesting that these bifunctional catalysts could show significant advantages over singly functionalized materials of mixtures thereof. Silicas functionalized with tethered aminopropyl groups were prepared by both a grafting method and a sol–gel method. The solids were fully characterized and were tested in the nitroaldol condensation between nitromethane and benzaldehyde to afford nitrostyrene and the aldol reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone to afford 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-butanone. The catalytic activities of these materials were found to be dependent on the dispersion and accessibilities of the active sites which, in turn, depend on the methods utilized for the catalyst preparation. Solid acid catalysts were prepared by grafting silica with mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTS) followed by oxidation. The influence of the oxidation procedure on the acidity of the catalyst is described. The use of concentrated HNO3 optimizes the oxidation process and increases the concentration of active sites in comparison to H2O2. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the deacetalization of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal to benzaldehyde. The use of solid acid and solid base catalysts in the same system was examined, in a two-stage acid-catalyzed deacetalization and base-catalyzed Henry reaction. Solid bifunctional acid-base catalysts were prepared by grafting on amorphous silica in two ways: 1) by grafting propylsulfonic acid and aminopropyl groups to the silica surface (NH2-SiO2-SO3H) and 2) by grafting aminopropyl groups and then partially neutralizing with phosphotungstic acid, relying on the H2PW12O40- ion for surface acidity (NH2-SiO2-NH3+[H2PW12O40-]. These two bifunctional catalysts were compared with each other and with the singly functionalised catalysts described above. Surface acidities and basicities were characterized by adsorption calorimetry, using SO2 as a probe for surface basicity and NH3 for surface acidity. Catalytic activities were measured in the tandem deacetalization/Henry reaction described above, and in an aldol reaction in which a cooperative acid-base catalytic mechanism is thought to be effective. Overall NH2-SiO2-SO3H catalysts showed higher concentrations and strengths of both acid and base sites, and higher activities. Both catalysts showed evidence of cooperative acid-base catalytic sites. Even in the deacetalization/Henry reaction, the bifunctional catalysts exhibited a catalytic advantage over physical mixtures of singly functionalized catalysts. A further bifunctional acid-base catalyst was prepared and studied by tethering proline to silica. In this case, the catalyst was chiral and was tested in the asymmetric aldol reaction between acetone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Grafting methods with and without protecting groups for the active sites on proline were investigated. Remarkably the optimised supported proline catalysts showed higher activities and higher enantioselectivities than proline in homogeneous solution, and showed minimal loss in activity with time. Both activity and enantioselectivity depended strongly on the nature of the reaction solvent.
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de, Albuquerque Fragoso Danielle Munick. "Lignin conversion to fine chemicals." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30847/.

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The large availability of Kraft lignin as an industrial by-product and its polyaromatic characteristic, is ideal to consider the potential for recycling it into fine chemicals. To depolymerise lignin, solvolysis and hydrogenolysis experiments were performed. This research considered whether the low yields of products (fine chemicals) were related to the low content of β-O-4 bonds or if it was also associated to the dissolution of lignin in the solvent solution employed in the reactions. The type of solvents chosen to check the dissolution effect were those with low cost and were more sustainable than traditional solvents. Water, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA) and acetone were used. The water mixtures were applied in the tests in various proportions (25:75, 50:50, 75:25 solvent/water v:v). Due to their ability to break C-C and C-O bonds in lignin model compounds [1][2], the efficiency of platinum and rhodium in these reactions supported on alumina was also studied. It was found that the non-catalysed (solvolysis) and catalysed reactions showed different selectivities but similar overall yields ~ 10 % wt of monomeric phenols. The difficulty in increasing yields was mainly associated with the highly condensed character of Kraft lignin and re-polymerisation issues. To achieve an understanding of Kraft lignin depolymerisation, isotopic labelling reactions were completed in the presence of deuterated solvents as well as deuterium gas. This gave information on how Kraft lignin depolymerises, the influence of solvent to products formation and the involvement of hydrogen in the rate determining steps in the reactions. These results have led to an initial mechanistic understanding on how this complex molecule may yield alky-phenolic compounds. It was revealed that the solvent was directly involved in the products’ formation and that they were not generated by simple thermolysis. In addition, the presence of catalysts and hydrogen influenced product formation. The compounds showed different kinetic isotopic values, suggesting that each of these molecules came from individual mechanisms, highlighting the complexity of their formation. This was a relevant study as most of lignin depolymerisation mechanistic insights are based on model compounds and not on lignin itself. It was of interest to this project to explore not only different catalysts and their relationship to lignin depolymerisation, but also different lignin types. A simple pre-treatment for lignin extraction using sawdust (from oak and birch wood) in a Parr autoclave reactor in the presence of hydrogen, solvent and high temperature was developed. The lignins obtained after the pre-treatment were named parr-lignin and successfully resulted in polyaromatic molecules with less condensed character compared to lignins from Soda or Kraft pulping. Reactions were carried out with these lignins and a sugar-cane lignin. 4 5 Different catalytic systems with these lignins were investigated and how depolymerisation was affected by the metal and support used. The catalysts involved in the reactions included platinum, rhodium, nickel and iron. Various supports such as alumina, zirconia and carbon were tested along with the metals described. It was found that the supports were not inert in these experiments presenting catalytic activity. Materials with low surface area (zirconium catalysts) gave a poor performance compared to the others. In addition, nickel, a non-noble metal, showed as good a catalytic effect in the depolymerisation of these lignins as Pt and Rh. The components in the system influenced the reactions to different extents, especially product distribution. The catalysts had different selectivities and the solvents were not only dissolving lignin but also influencing the results. GPC analysis was performed to give an overview of the condensed level of these lignins and degrees of depolymerisation compared to the original material. GC-MS enabled the identification and quantification of 18 monomeric compounds. The post reaction characterisation of selected alumina catalysts (Pt/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3 and Al2O3) was performed using XRD, BET, CHN, TPO and Raman Analysis to study the nature of the carbonaceous layer deposited on these materials. The work showed that after reaction the catalysts turned black in colour and the carbon laydown consisted of not only one simple type of carbon, and included graphitic species. The amount of carbon deposited depended on the type of lignin. Oak and birch parr-lignins had the highest and lowest amount of carbon over the catalysts respectively. No obvious trend relating to the type of catalyst, lignin and solvent used to the carbon nature was identified. This work showed that lignins with less condensed nature were less susceptible to solvolysis and more to hydrogenolysis. For example, sugar-cane lignin gave 3.9% of phenolic compounds in the solvolysis while reaction with Rh/Al2O3 gave 12.9% of products. This indicated that more selective cleavage of bonds were promoted by heterogenous catalysts. The results suggested that some compounds were mainly generated via dealkylation and hydrodeoxygenation, allowing a future possibility to generate target molecules. These results were mainly due to the presence of more labile bonds, vulnerable to hydrogenolysis. Highlighting that prior to depolymerisation, the pre-treatment used to extract lignin must be appropriate to avoid depletion of the alkyl-aryl ether bonds (β-O-4 bonds, especially) relevant for fine chemicals generation.
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McLoughlin, C. M. "Microwave drying of pharmaceutical and fine chemical molecules." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273046.

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Chan, Chun Wong Aaron. "Ultraselective nanocatalysts in fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:866296af-5296-4d2e-8e52-6499dacaef0f.

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Surface catalysed reactions play an important role in chemical productions. Developments of catalyst requiring high activity whilst improving on product selectivity can potentially have a profound effect in the chemical industry. Traditional catalyst modifications were focused on tuning the size, shape and foreign metal doping to form well defined metal nanoparticles of unique functionalities. Here, we show new approach to engineering of metal nanocatalysts via a subsurface approach can modify the chemisorption strength of adsorbates on the surface. Carbon modified nanoparticles were synthesised using glucose to stabilise Pd nanoparticles at a molecular level. Upon heat treatment, the carbonised glucose encapsulated the Pd nanoparticles with carbon atoms take residence in the octahedral holes (15 at.%). These materials were tested in liquid phase stereoselective hydrogenations of 3-hexyn-1-ol and 4-octyne. The former has importance in the fragrance industry towards the production of leaf fragrance alcohol. It was shown for the first time that the geometrically and electronically modified Pd with interstitial carbon atoms reduced the adsorption energy of alkenes, ultimately leading to higher reaction selectivity. Boron modified Pd nanoparticles was synthesised using BH3.THF in the liquid phase. The material possess high B interstitial saturation (20 at.%), which can be synthesised for the first time below 100°C. These materials were tested in the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of various alkynes and 2-chloronitrobenzene, of which the latter has importance in the pesticides industry. Kinetic modelling on the hydrogenation of 4-octyne suggests these subsurface occupied B does play a pivotal role on increasing the reaction selectivity, as removal of these species lead to decreased selectivity. Au nanoparticles were synthesised and characterised using H13COOH NMR. The new liquid NMR characterisation method is successfully applied to examine the chemisorption strength of metal nanoparticles. An attempt to synthesise PVP capped B modified Pd nanoparticles with the above NMR characterisation was investigated. It is believed the examples of subsurface atom modifications as shown here may offer future catalyst developments in this area.
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Burmenko, Irina. "Brownian dynamics simulations of fine-scale molecular models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32330.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111).
One of the biggest challenges in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics is calculating the polymer contribution to the stress tensor, which is needed to calculate velocity and pressure fields as well as other quantities of interest. In the case of a Newtonian fluid, the stress tensor is linearly proportional to the velocity gradient and is given by the Newton's law of viscosity, but no such unique constitutive equation exists for non-Newtonian fluids. In order to predict accurately a polymer's rheological properties, it is important to have a good understanding of the molecular configurations in various flow situations. To obtain this information about molecular configurations and orientations, a micromechanical representation of a polymer molecule must be proposed. A micromechanical model may be fine scale, such as the Kramers chain model, which accurately predicts a real polymer's heological properties, but at the same time possesses too many degrees of freedom to be used in complex flow simulations, or it may be a coarse-grained model, such as the Hookean or the FENE dumbbell models, which can be used in complex flow analysis, but have too few degrees of freedom to adequately describe the rheology. The Adaptive Length Scale (ALS) model proposed by Ghosh et al. is only marginally more complicated than the FENE dumbbell model, yet it is able to capture the rapid stress growth in the start-up of uniaxial elongational flow, which is not predicted correctly by the simple dumbbell models. The ALS model is optimized in order to have its simulation time as close as possible to that of the FENE dumbbell.
(cont.) Subsequently, the ALS model is simulated in the start-up of the uniaxial elongational and shear flows as well as in steady extensional and shear flows, and the results are compared to those obtained with other competing rheological models such as the Kramers chain, FENE chain, and FENE dumbbell. While a 5-spring FENE chain predicts results that are in very good agreement with the Kramers chain, the required simulation time clearly makes it impossible to use this model in complex flow simulations. The ALS model agrees better with the Kramers chain than does the FENE dumbbell in the start-up of shear and elongational flows. However, the ALS model takes too long to achieve steady state, which is something that needs to be explored further before the model is used in complex flow calculations. Understanding of this phenomena may explain why the stress-birefringence hysteresis loop predicted by the ALS model is unexpectedly small. In general, if polymer stress is to be calculated using Brownian dynamics simulations, a large number of stochastic trajectories must be simulated in order to predict accurately the macroscopic quantities of interest, which makes the problem computationally expensive. However, recent technological advances as well as a new simulation algorithm called Brownian configuration fields make such problems much more tractable. The operation count in order to assess the feasibility of using the ALS model in complex flow situations yields very promising results if parallel computing is used to calculate polymer contribution to stress. In an attempt to capture polydispersity of real polymer solutions, the use of multi-mode models is explored.
(cont.) The model is fit to the linear viscoelastic spectrum to obtain relaxation times and individual modes' contributions to polymer viscosity. Then, data-fitting to the dimensionless extensional viscosity in the startup of the uniaxial elongational flow is performed for the ALS and the FENE dumbbell models to obtain the molecule's contour length, bmax. It is found that the results from the single-mode and the four-mode ALS models agree much better with the experimental data than do the corresponding single-mode and four-mode FENE dumbbell models. However, all four models resulted in a poor fit to the steady shear data, which may be explained by the fact that the zero-shear-rate viscosity obtained via a fit to the dynamic data by Rothstein and McKinley and used in present simulations, tends to be somewhat lower than the steady-state shear viscosity at very low shear rates, which may have caused a mismatch between the value of ... used in the simulation and the true ... of the polymer solution. As a motivation for using the ALS model in complex flow calculations, the results by Phillips, who simulated the closed-form version of the model in the benchmark 4:1:4 contraction- expansion problem are presented and compared to the experimental results by Rothstein and McKinley [49]. While the experimental observations show that there exists a large extra pres- sure drop, which increases monotonically with increasing De above the value observed for a Newtonian fluid subjected to the same flow conditions, the simulation results with a closed-form version of the FENE dumbbell model, called FENE-CR, exhibit the opposite trend.
(cont.) The ALS-C model, on the other hand, is able to predict the trend correctly. The use of the ALS-C model in another benchmark problem, namely the flow around an array of cylinders confined between two parallel plates, also shows very promising results, which are in much better agreement with experimental data by Liu as compared to the Oldroyd-B model. The simulation results for the ALS-C and the Oldroyd-B models are due to Joo, et al. [28] and Smith et al. [50], respectively. Overall, it is concluded that the ALS model is superior to the commonly used FENE dumb- bell model, although more work is needed to understand why it takes significantly longer than the FENE dumbbell to achieve steady state in uniaxial elongational flows, and why the stress birefringence hysteresis loop predicted by the ALS model is much smaller than that of the other rheological models.
by Irina Burmenko.
S.M.
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10

Breed, Ashley Wayne. "Beneficiation of fine coal using the air-sparged hydrocyclone." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21831.

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Bibliography: pages 173-185.
The Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone (ASH) is a high capacity flotation device which is alleged to be more efficient for the flotation of fine particles than conventional flotation equipment. The principal aims of this thesis were to investigate the use of an ASH in the flotation of South African coal ultrafines (-150 micron), and to determine the effect of various design and operating parameters on the performance of the process, in terms of the product yields and grades obtainable. The testwork was carried out on a typical Witbank coal, from the Kleinkopje Colliery, with an ash content of 23.7 %. The coal was characterised by means of size, ash-by-size and float-and-sink analyses. Batch flotation experiments were carried out to provide a benchmark against which the ASH could be compared. Preliminary ASH work was carried out to determine the required collector and frother dosages and the optimal slurry feed rate.
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Books on the topic "Fine chemical"

1

Fine chemicals: The industry and the business. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Roberts, Stan M., and Geraldine Poignant, eds. Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470855800.

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Derouane, Eric G., ed. Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470094214.

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A, Sheldon Roger, and Bekkum Herman van, eds. Fine chemicals through heterogenous catalysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Beller, Matthias, and Hans-Ulrich Blaser, eds. Organometallics as Catalysts in the Fine Chemical Industry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32833-6.

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Rao, C. S. The chemistry of process development in fine chemical & pharmaceutical industry. 2nd ed. Chichester: J. Wiley, 2006.

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Lee, Stan. Process development: Fine chemicals from grams to kilograms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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SONNET, ed. SONNET, specialised organics network: A network of UK fine chemical manufacturers. [England]: Performance Chemicals International, 1998.

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J, Ando D., Pellatt M. G, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Applied Solid State Chemistry Group., and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Fine Chemicals and Medicinals Group., eds. Fine chemicals for the electronics industry II: Chemical applications for the 1990s : the proceedings of a symposium. Cambridge [England]: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.

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Millán, José Manuel Valverde. Fluidization of Fine Powders: Cohesive versus Dynamical Aggregation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fine chemical"

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Muffler, K., N. Tippkötter, and R. Ulber. "Chemical Feedstocks and Fine Chemicals from Other Substrates." In Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31421-1_214-1.

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Muffler, K., N. Tippkötter, and R. Ulber. "Chemical Feedstocks and Fine Chemicals from Other Substrates." In Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals, 487–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50436-0_214.

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Muffler, K., N. Tippkötter, and R. Ulber. "Chemical Feedstocks and Fine Chemicals from Other Substrates." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 2891–902. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_214.

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Dormann, J. L., D. Fiorani, and E. Tronc. "Magnetic Relaxation in Fine-Particle Systems." In Advances in Chemical Physics, 283–494. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470141571.ch4.

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Palmgren, F., P. Wåhlin, R. Berkowicz, and R. van Dingenen. "Fine Particles from Traffic." In Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 123–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_22.

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Virtanen, Pasi, Eero Salminen, Päivi Mäki-Arvela, and Jyri-Pekka Mikkola. "Selective Hydrogenation for Fine Chemical Synthesis." In Supported Ionic Liquids, 251–62. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527654789.ch12.

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Hooper, Mark W. "Considerations of Industrial Fine Chemical Synthesis." In Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, Volume 3, Metal Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions, 1–12. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470862017.ch1.

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Maschmeyer, Thomas, and Leon van de Water. "An Overview of Zeolite, Zeotype and Mesoporous Solids Chemistry: Design, Synthesis and Catalytic Properties." In Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, 1–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470094214.ch1.

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De Vos, Dirk, Ive Hermans, Bert Sels, and Pierre Jacobs. "Hybrid Oxidation Catalysts from Immobilized Complexes on Inorganic Microporous Supports." In Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, 207–40. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470094214.ch10.

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Guisnet, Michel, and Matteo Guidotti. "Problems and Pitfalls in the Applications of Zeolites and other Microporous and Mesoporous Solids to Catalytic Fine Chemical Synthesis." In Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, 39–67. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470094214.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fine chemical"

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Jonasson, R. G., Z. Zhou, R. Schutte, and L. Danielson. "Chemical Disequilibrium In Oil Sand Fine Tailings." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91-122.

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Jonasson, R., Z. Zhou, R. Schutte, and L. Danielson. "Chemical Disequilibrium In Oil Sand Fine Tailings." In Annual Technical Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/91-122.

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Taguchi, Takeyoshi, Mitsuru Yoshii, and Kohzo Shinoda. "Chemical Speciation of Chromium in Drilling Muds." In X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2644501.

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Fan, Wangxi, Zefang Li, and Qiaoling Wang. "Study on the projectized-teaching of fine chemical industry." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Management, Arts and Humanities Science (AMAHS 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amahs-16.2016.26.

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Sun, Chenkai, Weijiang Li, Jinfeng Xiao, Nikolaus Nova Parulian, ChengXiang Zhai, and Heng Ji. "Fine-Grained Chemical Entity Typing with Multimodal Knowledge Representation." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669360.

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Xu, Jian-He, Hui-Lei Yu, Chun-Xiu Li, and Gao-Wei Zheng. "Data Mining of Robust Enzymes for Green Production of Fine Chemicals." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_173.

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Sugai, Takeshi, Yasunobu Yamashita, Yukihiro Niitsu, Manabu Hamada, Chihiro Hiraoka, Toshinori Higashi, and Mitsuru Shoji. "The Complementary and Integrated Chemo-enzymatic Processes for Fine Chemical Syntheses." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_630.

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Takaoka, Masaki, Takashi Yamamoto, Nobuo Takeda, Kazuyuki Oshita, Tsunehiro Tanaka, and Tomoya Uruga. "Determination of Chemical States of Mercury on Activated Carbon Using XANES." In X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2644502.

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Kiss, G. "Chemical characterization of water soluble organic compounds in tropospheric fine aerosol." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361971.

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Pantcheva, Marga, Tsveta Petrova, Nina Pangelova, and Anton Katsev. "Chemical Sensitization of Fine-Grain Silver Halide Emulsions for Holographic Recording." In Holography '89, edited by Yuri N. Denisyuk and Tung H. Jeong. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963804.

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Reports on the topic "Fine chemical"

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Nakajima, Toru, Jun-chi Matsumoto, Kiriko Kashiwakura, Ken-chi Akiyama, and Yoshiyuki Ko. Chemical Characterization of Ultra-Fine Particle Emitted from Diesel Engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0144.

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Moneyhun, J., R. Jenkins, R. Ramsey, and T. Gayle. Chemical characterization and toxicological evaluation of airborne mixtures: A system for generating mixed aerosols from a petroleum based liquid and a fine solid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6812338.

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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Zhenbiao Yang. Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699844.bard.

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This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome. The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.
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Tapscott, Robert E., Ronald S. Sheinson, Valeri I. Babushok, Marc R. Nyden, and Richard G. Gann. Alternative fire suppressant chemicals :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1443.

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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, Indranil Chowdhury, Richards Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, James Mueller, and Will Moody. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity because of increased treatment complexity, cost, and duration. The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated in situ electrochemical treatment approach to extract inorganic compounds from fine-grained soils, with the treatment time comparable to excavation and off-site disposal. Three reactor experiments were conducted on samples collected from two borehole locations from a field site in Illinois that contained arsenic (As)(~7.4 mg/kg) and manganese (Mn)(~700 mg/kg). A combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or citrate buffer solution was used to treat the soils. A low-intensity electrical field was applied to soil samples using a bench-scale reactor that resembles field-scale in situ electrochemical systems. For the treatment using 10% H2O2 and citrate buffer solution, average removal of 23% and 8% were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. With 4% H2O2 and citrate buffer, 39% and 24% removal were achieved for Mn and As; while using only citrate buffer as the electrolyte, 49% and 9% removal were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. All chemical regimes adopted in this study reduced the inorganic compound concentrations to below the maximum allowable concentration for Illinois as specified by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from this work indicate that electrochemical systems that leverage low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and citrate buffer can be effective for remediating soils containing manganese and arsenic.
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Chang, Joseph, Martin N. Fabrick, Vincent Ho, Song T. Huang, David Douthat, and Bernard Bindel. Fire Risk Assessment for Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program Facilities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519786.

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Johnson, Kevin J., and Janet M. Hughes. Formaldehyde Five-Day Passive Chemical Dosimeter Badge Validation Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572545.

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Fisher, Elizabeth M., and Tina M. Jayaweera. Chemically Enhanced Water Mists for Fire Suppression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412149.

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Keinan, Ehud. The 18th Asian Chemical Congress and the 20th General Assembly of the FACS. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00015.

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Most global challenges, including global warming, food for everybody, the race for sustainable energy, water quality, dwindling raw materials, and health problems, are chemical problems by nature. Therefore, Humankind cannot meet these challenges without the chemical sciences and will not solve any of these problems without global cooperation. Chemists have always been doing much better than politicians in meeting these challenges, working together across borders through unique collaboration and friendship. Despite fundamentally different political systems and cultural diversity, chemists go beyond borders, find each other, share their findings, and solve problems together.
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