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Fanta, Ashenafi Beyene. "Viability of pro-SME financing schemes: A developing country perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2c2p1.
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To curb SME financing difficulty, various schemes were suggested as alternative financing techniques that include, among others, relationship lending, factoring, credit scoring, leasing, and credit guarantees. This paper aims at examining the viability of each of the schemes by considering the institutional and legal conditions in developing countries. Critical analysis of extant body of literature revealed that not all pro-SME financing schemes are suitable for SMEs in developing countries. This is because they demand development of legal, informational, and financial frameworks that the countries acutely lack at the moment. This, however, does not rule out the utility of schemes such as credit scoring that can be effectively used to ease SME access to finance if well designed credit offices are in place. Similarly, credit guarantee schemes are crucial as an interim solution if they are allowed to run without government subsidy as it aggravates moral hazard
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Singhania, Monica, and Kamal Kumar. "The financial viability of the Yamuna Expressway." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2013-0216.
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Subject area The case focuses on issues concerning infrastructure development by Jaypee Infratech Ltd. (JIL) in the context of emerging market of India. This is undertaken by employing the usage of strength weakness opportunity and threat analysis (SWOT) analysis, political, economical, sociological and technological analysis (PEST) analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model and competitor analysis. It also outlines the importance of financing model adopted with respect to Concessionaire Agreement drafted and executed towards making an infrastructure project financially viable so as to reduce the risk associated with infrastructure projects which requires huge investments and long gestation period. Further, it also highlights the importance of how future projects can be undertaken on the basis of public private partnership (PPP) model. Study level/applicability This case can be used as a teaching tool in the following courses: MBA/Post Graduate Program in Management in Management Accounting, Management Control Systems and Strategic Cost Management. It can be used to explain concepts of SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model analysis. Students are also introduced to the technique of financial analysis. Executive training programs for Middle- and Senior-level employees to explain the Infrastructure Financing and Concessionaire Agreement for infrastructure projects. Under-graduate/Post-graduate programs in Entrepreneurship. Case overview JIL was established as a Special Purpose Vehicle in 2007 to execute the Yamuna Expressway project. Originally the contract was awarded to parent company Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. in 2003. The project entails financing, construction, operation, maintenance and collection of toll for 36 years and then transferring it back to Government of Uttar Pradesh of 165.5 km Yamuna Expressway, and subsequently development of 530-million square feet of area from five parcels of land earmarked along the expressway. The project highlights how a PPP infrastructure project can be made financially viable. Expected learning outcomes SWOT analysis was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a company. Also, application of Porter's Five Forces Model was done to analyze an industry. Determining quantitative terms like Long-Term Return on equity, Return on Capital Employed, Book Value vs Market value, Net Margins, Income Tax benefits enjoyed under section 80-IA and Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT); determining financial viability of an infrastructure project over its entire life cycle. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes
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Tan Jr., Carlos Antonio, Narisa Sugay, Maria Sylvia Nachura, Katrina Miradora, Abba Marie Moreno, Josefa Mina Nieva, and Joyce Encluna. "National Health Insurance Program financing during the COVID-19 pandemic: financial viability and." Philippine Review of Economics 58, no. 1&2 (December 2021): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37907/7erp1202jd.
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This paper examines the state of National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) financing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, an event which coincides with the implementation of the Universal Health Care (UHC) mandates on restructuring the NHIP premium schedule, providing immediate eligibility to NHIP benefits, and expanding member benefits. Using the ratio of total expenditures to total revenues as the measure of financial viability, it shows that the NHIP remains financially viable during the COVID-19 pandemic year of 2020. Projections for 2021 however show that NHIP financial viability may be adversely affected by the significantly higher number of COVID-19 cases with the negative effect mitigated only if COVID-19 benefit claim patterns remain as weak as observed for 2020. On the revenue side, the potential for a lower premium is observed to be offset by the higher rates in the UHC mandated premium schedule. On the expenditure side, potential increases associated with the implementation of immediate eligibility and the introduction of COVID-19 benefits are mitigated by lower NHIP benefit utilization due to reduced mobility and access to health facilities. Secondary analysis on who has to bear the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, however, shows that the implementation of UHC financing initiatives may heighten adverse incentives on members’ willingness to pay premiums. Using the benefit expenditure-premium contribution ratio as the measure for the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, it is shown that the Formal Economy sector shoulders the burden of funding the NHIP benefits of the Informal Economy and Sponsored sectors.
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Casullo, Lorenzo. "Rail Funding and Financing." Review of Network Economics 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2017-0038.
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Abstract Funding and financing arrangements for railway infrastructure in Europe are often perceived as complex and opaque. Given the large sums of public money involved, greater transparency on inputs and outputs is required. This paper aims to present an overview of rail infrastructure funding and financing in Europe based on recent evidence, and draws comparisons with the systems in the US and Japan. We also discuss a number of policy options to address the funding gap and ensure that European railways improve their financial viability and remain strong pillars of sustainable mobility in the future.
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V. Magsilang, Zia Nicole, Aimee Lyn DG Manalese, Patricia Camille G. Mariano, Ivan Andrei R. Morada, and Arjhel V. Domingo. "The Viability of Agricultural Value Chain Financing in the Province of Nueva Ecija." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 9, no. 6 (2023): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.96.6.
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Agriculture is one of the main industries in the Philippines, and Nueva Ecija is known as the country's "Rice Granary." However, many farmers in the province face financial constraints that limit their ability to invest in their farms and improve their yields. This descriptive study aimed to explore the viability of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. The researchers used convenience sampling and a survey questionnaire with a consent form to collect data from farmers, traders, and other actors in the agricultural value chain. The researchers analyzed the data using frequency count, percentages, and weighted mean. The study found that agricultural value chain financing is viable in Nueva Ecija, but only if there is an entity that can act as a link between the different actors in the chain. This could be a government agency, a non-governmental organization, or a private sector company. The link entity would need to provide financial and other support services to farmers, such as training and technical assistance, as well as facilitate connections between farmers and other actors in the value chain, such as traders and processors. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. By highlighting the importance of link entities, the findings can inform the development of policies and programs that support agricultural development and poverty reduction in the province and beyond.
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Chen, Jing. "Research on the E-Commerce Model of Small and Medium Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2019.
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In this paper, the SME e-business financing for the study, analysis of business operation mode based e-commerce platform, focusing on big data platform based in the cloud as a means of e-business financing model, to a certain extent to solve the financing market asymmetric information problems in order to achieve the factory operation SME financing; while its limitations, namely the closed nature of the platform, the limited nature of the subject's participation as a breakthrough, build e-commerce platform as the core to the line a variety of financial non-financial large financial institutions to participate in party mode, to solve financing problems of SMEs. The end of the analysis of the profitability of the parties involved, as well as problems and deficiencies that may be encountered, verify its economic viability and future development of the platform to do a certain degree of outlook.
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Gilmour, Nicholas, Tristram Hicks, and Simon Dilloway. "Examining the practical viability of internationally recognised standards in preventing the movement of money for the purposes of terrorism." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2016-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine – using crime script analysis – the practical effectiveness of internationally endorsed and universally recognised counter-terrorism financing (CTF) standards in preventing the movement of money for the purposes of terrorism. The paper does not seek to examine the originating circumstances of terrorist finances or how laundered value is assigned. Design/methodology/approach Preliminary evaluation focuses on the discrepancies between the practices of money laundering and terrorist financing. Following an introduction to crime scripts, internationally endorsed anti money laundering (AML)/CTF practices are discussed to identify the process used to trace, prevent and limit money laundering and terrorist financing. Several terrorist financing case studies are then aligned to the process of crime script analysis to determine whether existing AML/CTF practices are effective in preventing terrorist financing. Findings The AML model “Placement, layering, integration” is only relevant to CTF in the comparatively rare cases when the origin of the money is crime. This creates a false sense of security through over reliance on AML/CTF for CTF purposes. A crime script approach can be applied to terrorist finance, but it is currently hindered by insufficient reporting of low level financing of terrorists, their addresses and associates. Law enforcement make insufficient use of financial intelligence – as a routine practice – in their crime and terrorist investigations; they have not adopted parallel investigation as a routine approach and consequently remain largely unconnected with the AML/CTF regime. Practical implications Utilising terrorist financing case studies, this paper identifies that existing AML/CTF international standards and practices are not adequate for controlling the movement of funds for financing terrorism because of the lack of focus on a specific script that aligns to known terrorist finance methodologies. While the paper identifies that existing AML/CTF international standards are thorough, the process underpinning the financing of terrorism is too dissimilar to the process of money laundering, namely, placement, layering, and integration, to support practices associated with terrorism prevention and detection. Originality/value This paper provides an examination of the practicalities behind the countering of terrorist financing from a compliance and investigative perspective. The paper is of interest to those involved in policy, compliance and investigations associated with terrorist financing.
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Mohd Abd Khar, Siti Hajar Binti, Muhammad Pisol bin Mohd Mat Isa, Maran Marimuthu, and Amin Jan. "The Perception of Micro-Entrepreneurs towards the Adoption of an Islamic Equity-Based Financing: Evidence from Malaysia." Business Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v10i2.15586.
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This paper aims to explore the perception of micro-entrepreneurs towards the adoption of equity-based financing models in Malaysia. The investigation has covered the following characteristics of equity-based financing such as fairness, partnership, risk sharing, business size, and MFI. The current micro-financial products in Malaysia are focusing more on debt-based financing, which is holistically increasing the financial risk level of entrepreneurs in the case of defaults. There is a dire need to identify the relevancy and viability of equity-based financing in Malaysia, it will ultimately reduce the financial risks of entrepreneurs in case of default. The Islamic financial concept offers a solution to this problem, Musharakah and Mudarabah are among the other Islamic products that offer equity-based micro-financing to entrepreneurs. However, its practical implementation is still vague. In relation to this, the study adopts a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 700 micro-entrepreneurs from the state of Selangor Malaysia. The results of this study found that micro-entrepreneurs tend to register a positive perception of the characteristics of equity-based financing and risk-sharing score as the highest factor towards the adoption of the proposed equity-based PLS model in Malaysia.
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Armas, Kenneth L., Engr Gina Lorenzo, and Catherine Dela Cruz. "Financial Viability of Business Models For Engineered Vertical Hydroponics Systems For Sustainable Onion Production in The Philippines." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2023): 864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v4i2.2040.
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This study aimed to explore the financial, socio-economic, and environmental benefits of sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems, and to identify key factors affecting the viability of these business models. Data were collected through a survey of onion farmers and producers in the Philippines, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems has the potential to generate higher income for farmers, increase employment opportunities, improve food security, enhance market competitiveness, and promote environmental sustainability. Key financial factors affecting viability included production costs, market prices, yield, labor costs, energy costs, capital costs, financing costs, taxes and regulatory costs, and maintenance and repair costs. Recommendations for optimizing financial viability include reducing production costs, diversifying income streams, and improving market competitiveness. Overall, this study suggests that sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems is a viable and promising approach to achieving socio-economic and environmental sustainability in the agricultural sector.
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Meidutė, Ieva. "ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS CENTRES ESTABLISHMENT." TRANSPORT 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638108.
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This paper presents a method for assessing the financial viability of a new Freight village financed by private and public investments. The financial evaluation model constitutes four distinct phases, namely (a) site selection and traffic forecasts, (b) definition of services offered and corresponding dimensions, (c) estimation of investment and operation costs and (d) evaluation of investments. Furthermore, the model produces financing scenarios, based on combinations of public and private funds.
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Ery, Satriadi, and Murtaqi Isrochmani. "The Viability Gap Funding (VGF) Scheme in Construction Assignment LRT Jabodebek Phase 2 Project Economic and Financial Analysis." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.4.1526.
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The development of transportation infrastructure is very necessary for the process of developing connectivity between regions and an effort for regional equity in Indonesia. This necessity doesn’t align with Indonesia’s financial capacity to finance the infrastructure. This gap creates financing innovations between the Government of Indonesia and business entities, such as the Viability Gap Fund. This research used secondary data from PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk. A further financial calculation has implemented discounted cash flow method to analyse the financial feasibility of LRT Jabodebek Phase 2. Financial feasibility without the Government of Indonesia support is economically feasible but not financially feasible. Therefore, project financing support from the Government of Indonesia is required. The result of the analysis consisted of NPV of 2,255.9 billion rupiahs and IRR of 10.15% which is higher than the project’s WACC of 9.26%. Therefore, the project is financially feasible, although the IRR of the project might be less attractive for some private investors. In order to make this project more attractive to private investors, it is recommended to increase non-farebox revenue, and create concessions to build TOD (Transit Oriented Development).
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Baranova, Alla, and Svetlana Kegeyan. "Reforming the financial system to insure the provision of health-resort services." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001070.
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The purpose of health resort institutions' activity is the health improvement of the population and the maintenance of its viability. In recent years state support for the financing of health and resort packages of citizens has been declining, the prices for recreational services are growing. This article reveals the shortcomings of the hierarchical system of financial support for health resort institutions and presents the structure of combined financial support for health resort services.
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Fazlur Rahman, Nurhannani. "The viability of international anti-criminal finance frameworks." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 576–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2018-0059.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the effect of the growing informal financial sector (IFS) on the effectiveness of anti-criminal finance laws. Specifically, the growth of the IFS has been brought on by the unprecedented rise in refugee and migrant movement around the world. This paper will focus on how refugee smuggling in the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Balkan region – and the consequent rise of the IFS – has affected the suitability of apply anti-money laundering and financial action task force frameworks in these countries. Design/methodology/approach It assesses the effectiveness of national and international legal documents on anti-criminal finance. It also uses data sets and analyses secondary and primary sources to estimate the size and importance of the IFS. Findings The exponential and rapid growth of the IFS has undermined efforts to prevent the financing of trafficking, terrorism, corruption and money-laundering. The present legal devices to address criminal finance has been wholly inadequate and counter-productive. Research limitations/implications There are limited reliable or accurate data available on the IFS, how much money goes through it or how important it is to criminal activities such as money laundering or terrorist finance. Without field-research, this study remains exploratory. Practical implications The growth of the IFS and migratory movement is a complex dilemma that must be accounted for when seeking to truly improve anti-criminal finance laws, especially in developing and transition countries. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the importance of considering the IFS and migratory and refugee movements in creating legal instruments to combat financial crime. It also suggests a direction for future research.
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Mohd Yusof, Rosylin, Salina H. Kassim, M. Shabri A. Majid, and Zarinah Hamid. "Determining the viability of rental price to benchmark Islamic home financing products." Benchmarking: An International Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2011): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635771111109823.
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Eko Nur Surachman, Hadi Setiawan,. "Financial Model Of Viability Gap Fund : Case Study on Palembang - Indralaya Toll Road Project." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 19, no. 3 (December 19, 2016): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v19i3.142.
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Inadequate supply of infrastructure is number five of the most problematic factors for doing business in Indonesia. Therefore Government of Indonesia (GoI) continues to accelerate the development of infrastructure either in terms of financing, incentives, and especially through Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. One of the breakthroughs made by the government in the PPP scheme is by providing support in the form of cash funds for the construction cost of the project also called Viability Gap Fund (VGF), in order to make a project that was previously financially unviable to become financially viable. This study aims to describe about the possibility of VGF in accelerating infrastructure development through PPP scheme, as well as conduct a financial model to calculate whether VGF really can make a project financially viable with a case study on the Palembang - Indralaya Toll Road Project. Methodology used in this study is quantitative method with the financial analysis. IRR and NPV are used as main financial parameters to determine financial viability of the project. The research shows that VGF will make Palembang-Indralaya Toll Road Project become financially viable.
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EVSTIGNEEV, IGOR V., and KLAUS REINER SCHENK-HOPPÉ. "FROM RAGS TO RICHES: ON CONSTANT PROPORTIONS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 05, no. 06 (September 2002): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024902001547.
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This paper studies the performance of self-financing constant proportions trading strategies, i.e. dynamic asset allocation strategies that keep a fixed constant proportion of wealth invested in each asset in all periods in time. We prove that any self-financing constant proportions strategy yields a strictly positive exponential rate of growth of investor's wealth in a financial market in which prices are described by stationary stochastic processes and the price ratios are non-degenerate. This result might be regarded as being counterintuitive because any such strategy yields no increase of wealth under constant prices. We further show that the result also holds under small transaction costs, which is important for the viability of this approach, since constant proportions strategies require frequent rebalancing of the portfolio.
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Comeig, Irene, Esther B. Del Brio, and Matilde O. Fernandez-Blanco. "Financing successful small business projects." Management Decision 52, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2012-0051.
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Purpose – The current credit rationing strongly influences the viability of SMEs innovation projects. In this context, the practice of screening borrowers by project success probability has become a paramount consideration for both lenders and firms. The aim of this paper is to test the screening role of loan contracts that consider collateral-interest margins simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an empirical analysis that uses a unique data set composed of 323 bank loans granted by 28 banks to SMEs backed by a Spanish Mutual Guarantee Institution. Findings – The results show that appropriate combinations of collateral and interest rates can distinguish between borrowers with different project success probability: low success probability borrowers finance its projects without collateral and with high interest rates, whereas high success probability borrowers accept loans with real estate collateral and low interest rates. Practical implications – This screening mechanism reduces credit rationing, thus increasing good projects' access to credit. Originality/value – This study provides the first empirical evidence on the effectiveness of collateral-interest pairs as a self-selection mechanism.
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Reier Forradellas, Ricardo Francisco, Javier Jorge-Vázquez, Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, and Ricardo Salazar Valdivia. "Methodology to Evaluate Economic Viability Plans and Digitalization Strategies in Private Social Education Centers." Education Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040170.
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The Spanish educational system is characterized by the coexistence of three different models of production and provision of education: public, subsidized and private. Within the privately-owned centers not under the subsidized system, private schools of a social nature stand out. These schools, whose main source of financing comes from the fees paid by the students’ families, must implement financial strategies that guarantee their economic viability and allow them to develop their educational project. In a highly competitive environment, the implementation of sound financial strategies and the development of educational innovation policies are critical to ensure their survival. In this context, this study analyzes a methodological proposal that can contribute to guide this strategic policy based on two fundamental pillars: the financial viability of the center and educational innovation through the application of new technologies and innovative teaching strategies. To this end, the case method has been used as the main methodology, obtaining results that considerably improve student satisfaction and that represent economic improvements of more than €100,000 per year. From these results it has been possible to identify different possible scenarios that can condition the financial viability of the educational center, the dropout rate and the academic performance of the students.
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Bates, Timothy, William Bradford, and Julia Sass Rubin. "The Viability of the Minority-Oriented Venture-Capital Industry Under Alternative Financing Arrangements." Economic Development Quarterly 20, no. 2 (May 2006): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242405286045.
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Tirumala, Raghu Dharmapuri, and Piyush Tiwari. "Land-Based Financing Elements in Infrastructure Policy Formulation: A Case of India." Land 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020133.
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A rapid increase in land and property values has been one of the driving forces of urban ecosystem development in many countries. This phenomenon has presented project proponents/policymakers with multiple options and associated challenges, nudging them to configure or incorporate elements of land-based financing in their policies and legislations. Specifically, the Government of India and various state governments have sought to monetize land through diverse instruments, for augmenting the financial viability of infrastructure and area development projects. This paper compares Indian central and state infrastructure policies/acts with regard to land monetization strategies. The analysis indicates that policies and legislations are taking a turn towards promoting land monetization mechanisms as a financing tool for cities and project implementation agencies. However, the approach is cautiously used and implementation is often seen to fall behind actual project timelines. Based on the findings, key determinants of a successful policy that captures an increase in land values, are identified. The learnings provide useful inputs for states to strengthen their policy documents and legislative/institutional frameworks, for ensuring the effectiveness of land-based financing tools.
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Calderon Lopez, Juan Carlos, and Kampanad Bhaktikul. "Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) using coffee waste and pulp to mitigate caffeine and pulp related pollution." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47366.
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This paper aims to assess the technical, economic, and financial viability of cultivation of mushroom from coffee waste and pulp. The raw material characteristics and technical aspects were analyzed. In techno economic analysis, the investment is defined, and the financing of the project were explained. It is believed that production of mushroom from coffee waste and pulp is feasible as well as profitable in San Salvador. Use of coffee waste in the production of mushroom will prevent its damping in landfills and thus be friendly to environment as well.
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Stephens, Phoebe, Irena Knezevic, and Linda Best. "Community financing for sustainable food systems." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 6, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 60–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i3.353.
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Since 2011, FarmWorks Investment Co-operative Limited (FarmWorks) has been boosting Nova Scotia’s farm and food economy through small loans to local food businesses. The fund relies on community investments and relationship-based lending, markers of the provincial government’s Community Economic Development Investment Fund (CEDIF) program. FarmWorks was motivated by decreasing food production, dwindling agricultural employment and the resulting decline of rural communities across the province. These factors were compounded by systemic changes including the increased financialization of the agri-food sector. As a social economy organization, FarmWorks seeks to remedy the shortcomings of the dominant food system by prioritizing the social and ecological regeneration of local communities. It simultaneously works with existing market structures while challenging mainstream practices and developing an alternative model. Through a document review, our paper assesses the extent to which FarmWorks has been successful in its efforts “to increase the viability and sustainability of agriculture and the security of a healthy food supply.” Specifically, we examine economic outcomes (employment, revenue increase, business expansion) as well as social impact of FarmWorks loans. We situate our analysis in literature on social economy, financialization, and sustainable food systems.
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Andilile, James, and Saganga Mussa Kapaya. "A Review of the Impact of Reforms on Financial Viability and Sustainability of Tanzania’s Power Sector." Applied Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v8i6.5398.
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In Tanzania, reforms were mooted in the 1990s to solve two intertwined problems; the financing of investment and reducing the fiscal drain on the government to the sector. This study deploys the ARDL Model and paired-sample t-statistic tests, with profitability and liquidity data from 1989 to 2020 to examine the impact of the reforms on sectoral financial condition in Tanzania. The results suggest that both profitability and liquidity did not significantly improve after reforms. Apart from commercialization policy, other variables were not statistically significant with privatization and liberalization law exerting a negative pressure on liquidity. The findings, therefore, appear to contradict the theoretical view that the reforms improve the financial condition of both the sector and the governments. The outcome can be explained by unfinished reforms manifested by continued politicization of the sector hence underpricing and underinvestment. To ensure sectoral financial viability and sustainability we recommend that the reform policies such as commercialization, corporatization, and independent regulation should be prioritized. These findings will add value to policymakers in Tanzania and beyond which are reforming their power sectors by recognizing that efficient pricing and investment are key for a viable and sustainable financial condition of the sector.
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Alaerts, Guy. "Financing for Water—Water for Financing: A Global Review of Policy and Practice." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030821.
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The relationship between the water and financial sectors is explored through a review of past and current policies and practices, and new needs driven by growing water insecurity (i.e., drought and floods) and climate change. This paper focuses on emerging markets and developing economies. The “conventional” agenda of providing safe drinking water supply and sanitation has met with growing success. The newer water resources agenda covering flood, drought and irrigation, in contrast, has to address rapid alterations in the landscape due to destruction of catchments, and rapid water use growth. By approximately 2045 the world will transition from a predominantly water-abundant place to a predominantly water-scarce one. Though this masks large regional differences, pressure will grow to improve water management and broaden adoption of technologies and policies for recycling, desalination and water efficiency. Climate change will exacerbate these trends. Finance for the water agenda has been dominated by public budgets. To meet the SDGs, the need for finance in emerging markets and developing economies is 2–4 times larger than current practice. National budgets have grown significantly while international development assistance has grown modestly. Commercial finance holds promise but is constrained by high-risk profiles of many water investments: deals are small or risky and creditworthiness of water utilities and municipalities is weak. Access to commercial finance can be enhanced through blended finance, intermediary institutions and, increasingly, local capital markets. However, though the capacity to access finance is constrained in many developing economies, the capacity to absorb finance and prepare “bankable” proposals proves even more constraining. Climate change is emerging as a systemic threat to corporate and financial assets. Water insecurity undercuts the financial viability of production assets, services and real estate. It is argued that the longer-term interests of the water and financial sectors will converge.
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Bello, Hashim Sabo, Yunus Jibril Hassan, and Nura Ahmad. "Grameen Microcredit as an Archetype of Islamic and Ethical Micro Financing Experiences: Respondents’ Perceptions on its Viability in Nigeria." ComFin Research 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i4.3428.
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Making microcredit facilities accessible to the poorest members of society have attracted well support from neoliberals partly due to its prominence on individual responsibility and those on the left of the political spectrum to a certain extent for the reason of its potential to empower women. Following this premise, the paper focused on the justification of ethical micro financing in Nigeria with consideration of experiences worldwide that Islamic micro financing is one of the fastest-growing segments in both the domestic and international financial system. This study also intends to inspire the espousal of alternative ethical finance to tie together its benefits in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the Bauchi metropolis; thereby, a convenience sampling technique was used. The data collected were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and simple tabulation. This study believed that poverty is not created by poor people. It is created by the institutions and policies which surround them. Loans offer people the chance to take initiatives in business and agriculture to make earnings that enable them to pay off debt. This paper largely recommended that the acceptance of Islamic and ethical microfinancing experiences are the foremost component of the struggle against poverty and can be used to ease the discouraging impact of the high unemployment rate among the youth in Nigeria and other Muslim countries.
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Adomah-Afari, Augustine. "The contribution of community leadership upon the performance of mutual health organisations in Ghana." Journal of Health Organization and Management 29, no. 7 (November 16, 2015): 822–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-11-2013-0260.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of social dynamics on the performance of mutual health organisations (MHOs) exploring the influence of community wealth and community leadership on policy implementation. Design/methodology/approach – Four operating district mutual health insurance schemes were selected using geographical locations, among other criteria, as case studies. Data were gathered through interviews and documentary review. The findings were analysed using community field and social capital theories. Findings – Traditional leaders like the Chiefs serve as the pivot around which social and human capital of the communities revolve in the developmental process of the country. Research limitations/implications – Lack of exhaustive examination of the financial and institutional viability issues of the MHOs. Future studies could assess the interplay between financial, institutional and social viability models when measuring the financial and overall sustainability of MHOs. Practical implications – Health policy makers need to involve traditional leaders in the formulation and implementation of national policies since their acceptance or rejection of central government policy could have negative consequences. Social implications – Ghana is a dynamic country and there is the need to utilise existing social networks: inter-family and inter-tribal relationships to ensure the viability of MHOs. Originality/value – There is and can be a successful interplay between public sector funding and community sector revenue mobilisation for financing the health sector in Ghana. This justifies the complementarity between government funding and community’s resource mobilisation efforts in the health sector.
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Nazukova, Nataliia. "Investing in early childhood development in the context of reforming educational funding in Ukraine." Economy and Forecasting 2019, no. 2 (2019): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.066.
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The world community agrees on the conceptualizing nature of early childhood development. This was formulated in the Incheon Declaration and in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The most significant part of the early development concept is the pre-primary education, which covers early childhood educational development and pre-school programs. Society's investments in early childhood development are highly profitable as resources spent are much less than the return from them: according to some estimates, $1 spent on pre-primary education can gain from $4 to $17 of social return. At the same time, financial resources, that countries can spent on education, are limited, especially after the latest financial crisis. In Ukraine, the situation is worsened by the domestic socio-economic crisis of 2013–2014. The article aims at grounding the ways of pre-primary education financing in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of early childhood development concept. The author assesses financial support for childcare, early childhood education and pre-school education programs in different countries. The comparative analysis showed a low level of financing and a negative trend in Ukraine, in particular compared with the neighboring EU-countries such as Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. This indicates a low financial viability of providing quality pre-school education services in Ukraine. If the trend remains, Ukraine will lag behind the average indicators of social returns from pre-school education, especially in comparison with developed economies. The author substantiates the expediency of applying in Ukraine the measures aimed at supporting licensed private pre-school education institutions, in particular, simplifying the procedures for starting pre-school educational activities, state participation in financing licensed private pre-school institutions and applying innovative schemes for financing pre-school education based on public-private partnership.
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Calero, Remedios, Carlota Lorenzo, and Martina G. Gallarza. "Patient Segmentation Based on Patient Loyalty." Journal of Health Management 20, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 508–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063418799860.
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The present study aims to perform a segmentation of patients based on their loyalty behaviour. The analysis focuses on Valencia, a region in Spain that features a capitated financing and free-elective framework; such a framework is particularly suitable for this type of study because patient loyalty directly affects the system’s budget and economic viability. Using secondary data from the regional health council, the study focuses on relationships of influence and latent segmentation in answering seven research questions. The two-pronged statistical analysis is designed to analyse relationships of influence, on the one hand, and latent segmentation, on the other. Significant differences were found among the various scales analysed in the three patient loyalty behavioural models (capture, retention and desertion) for each variable within the scope, that is, subjective (gender, age and nationality) and circumstantial (size of the assigned and receiving hospital, location of the province of the assigned hospital). This finding indicates that it may be possible to develop patient profiles based on such variables to analyse different loyalty behaviours in patients and the impact of hospital communication strategies on these behaviours. Patient loyalty is essential to the viability of a capitated health care financing and management system. Likewise, identifying patient profiles would contribute to a better Valencian public health management. Accordingly, it might be applied to evaluate other health care financing systems.
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Akintan, Ismaila, Mohammad Dabiri, and Jubril Salaudeen. "A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ISLAMIC FINANCE MODES AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO FINANCE THE BUSINESS MODEL OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY." International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam 3, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/irjsmi.38003.
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This study explores how Islamic Finance Modes can provide alternative sources of financing business models in a circular economy. A comparative analysis of the Islamic Finance Modes such as Musharakah, (Equity Sharing), (Mudarabah), (Silent partnership), Forward sale (Salam), Manufacturing Financing (Istisna), Leasing (Ijarah), Sukuk (Investment Certificate), Qard Hassan (Beneficence Loans), Wakalah, (Agency contract) Kafalah (Suretyship Contract), and Ju’ala (Service Agency) were undertaken in relation to its suitability as a source of financing businesses in a circular economy. This study relies heavily on secondary data through literature reviews and research works of authors and researchers on Islamic Finance and Circular Economy. The study concludes that Ijarah, Sukuk, Qard Hassan, Istisna, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Wakalah, Kafalah, and Ju’ala financing modes are essential for providing alternative solutions to financing challenges confronting business models such as balance sheet extension, working capital, and increased credit risk in a circular economy. This paper recommends that Islamic Banks should review and redesign their products and services in order to cater for financing businesses in a circular economy and also support them by providing professional services in analyzing the creditworthiness of companies and viability of projects.
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Bernard, Adjekophori. "Pension Fund: A Veritable Source of Financing Real Estate Development in Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 23 (March 2014): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.23.23.
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Pension funds control relatively large amounts of capital and represent the largest institutional investors in many nations. Financing real estate on the other hand required a huge capital outlay. This study examined the viability of pension funds as an investment option in real estate development. It is empirical in approach and it adopted a survey research design. A convenient random sampling technique was used to gather data from a sample of 42 respondents comprising of 18 pension administrators and 24 Real Estate Developers and Investors. A structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and a simple descriptive statistical method was use for presentation and analysis of the data. The results however reveal that both the pension administrators and the real estate developers agreed that the pension funds if well channel is a veritable means for financing real estate project. We therefore recommends amongst others that the government as a matter of urgency should slack their policy to increase the percentage of the funds for real estate development and to also advance a policy with strict guideline empowering the pension fund managers to directly grant credit to developers and real estate investors who is able to meet and comply with the conditions provided in such policy. Real estate brokers and experts should also be drafted into the pension scheme to give professional advice on the viability and feasibility of any proposed real estate development.
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Yahuza, Bello Sani. "Viability of Muzara’ah Contract on Agro-financing in Alleviating Rural Poverty in Kano State, Nigeria." Al-Muzara'ah 6, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jam.6.2.91-102.
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Kovachev, Goran. "Financing agribusiness by state development banks - the case of Macedonia." Journal of Governance and Regulation 2, no. 3 (2013): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v2_i3_c1_p3.
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In countries where agriculture has substantial role in generating domestic product, sustainable agro-finance can seriously increase economic development. It is well known that agriculture is perceived as risky to be financed by commercial banks. Therefore, creating specific agro-credit lines within state development banks is key element in enhancing agricultural activities. These state development banks, operating in close collaboration with the Government have a significant role in accelerating economic welfare of farmers and rural poor. This study tends to emphasize the importance of creating special lending products targeted towards agriculture. The focus will be put on comparison between the first pillar – direct lending to agriculture and second pillar – lending to agriculture through commercial banks showing the better viability of the later.
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Masera, Rainer, and Giancarlo Mazzoni. "On the non-neutrality of the financing policy and the capital regulation of banking firms." Studies in Economics and Finance 33, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 466–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-09-2014-0179.
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Purpose The paper aims to investigate whether the value of banks is affected by their financing policies. Higher capital requirements have been invoked by exploiting a renewed edition of the Modigliani–Miller (M&M) theorem. This paper shows the limits of this claim by highlighting that the general statement that “bank equity is not expensive” can be misleading. The authors argue that market prices should play an important role in bank supervision. Expectations of future profits in prices supply timely information on the viability of a bank. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Merton model to show the inapplicability of M&M theorem to banks. The long-run viability of a bank is analyzed with a dividend discount model which allows to compare a bank’s long-term profitability with its overall cost of capital implicit in market prices. Findings The authors show that the M&M framework cannot be applied to banks neither ex-ante nor ex-post. Ex-ante the authors focus on government guarantees, ex-post they emphasize the risk-shifting phenomena that may increase the overall risk of the bank. The authors show that a bank’s stability cannot be achieved if the market expectations of its future profits stay below the cost of funding. Research limitations/implications The authors use simple analytical models. In a future study, some key peculiarities of banks, such as the monetary nature of deposits, should be analytically modelled. Practical implications The paper contributes to the debate on capital regulation on the level of capital requirements and the instruments to assess the viability/stability of banks. Originality/value This paper uses simple models to assess analytically the key issues in the debate on banks’ capital regulation.
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AHMED, UMAR, and BASHIR AHMAD FIDA. "Investigating Determinants of Bay’ Salam Financing Product for Agricultural Sector in the Sultanate of Oman." International Journal of Islamic Thought 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24035/ijit.18.2020.187.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of Bay’ Salam financing product for the agricultural sector in Oman. A survey is conducted using wellstructured questionnaires to identify the factors that determines viability of Bay Salam financing product for the agricultural sector. The statistical tools used for the analysis are factor analysis and descriptive statistics. The factor analysis results demonstrate that operational costs, profitability and risk mitigation strategies are the most important factors that banks need to take into consideration when financing the agricultural sector using Bay’ Salam. Therefore, we suggest that Islamic banks in Oman should adopt Bay’ Salam as an alternative Islamic product to finance the agricultural sector. Moreover, the Central Bank is encouraged to allow Islamic banks to adopt this product given that it will assist the government in achieving its 2040 vision.
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Wolf, Franziska, Munirul H. Nabin, and Sukanto Bhattacharya. "A Mathematical Demonstration of the Viability of Profit/Loss Sharing as a Debt Alternative in Presence of Market Frictions." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 17, no. 3_suppl (October 3, 2018): S327—S343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652718798075.
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We posit a simple mathematical model to show that a profit-and-loss sharing contract can be formed between a capital seeker and capital provider as a potential alternative to institutional debt financing. The major methodological tool used is that of Nash bargaining; utilising the matching theory proposition of Pissarides (2000). Our posited model demonstrates that a ‘match’ between a capital seeker and a capital provider can occur even in the presence of embedded market frictions arising out of information asymmetries as are especially rife in the emerging markets. This is an important result especially for marginal borrowers in emerging economies and we present supporting empirical evidence that indicates profit-and-loss sharing being increasingly seen as an effective alternative financing to long-term borrowing. JEL Classification: C78, D53, G23
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DEMCHYSHAK, Nazar, Oksana SHCHUREVYCH, and Olha HEORHIIEVSKA. "BANK PROJECT FINANCING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN UKRAINE." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 3(64) (2020): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.03.126.
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Introduction. Banking project investments as one of the important factors of economic development of any country should be investigated. Despite the relative novelty of project financing in Ukraine, it should be studied because this process has been widely used for a long period in the world, which is confirmed by the implementation of large-scale projects. The purpose of the article is the implementation of a comparative analysis of bank project financing in Ukraine and the world during the pre-crisis macroeconomic situation, as well as the development of appropriate proposals for further development of the mentioned investments. Results. It substantiated the promotion project financing would be impossible in the conditions of the predominance of the short-term loans and the unwillingness of banking institutions to participate in the financing of infrastructure and investment projects. The factors hindering the development of bank project financing in Ukraine were determined. Significant potential for the rapid development of project financing has been fully confirmed by the corresponding market demand. However, for the development of project financing in Ukraine it is necessary to realistically and in detail assess the viability and profitability of projects. Also, the most effective leverage can and should be appropriate changes in the legislation that might give the guarantee bilateral protection of investors and creditors, as well as describe the approaches to the formation of a simplified mechanism for this type of financing.
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AlKheder, Sharaf, Waleed Abdullah, and Hussain Al Sayegh. "A socio-economic study for establishing an environment-friendly metro in Kuwait." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 5 (February 3, 2022): 685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2021-0210.
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Purpose This paper aimed to study the optimal way to implement and subsequently manage the new metropolitan lines in the Kuwait city as well as to justify them from a social and economic-financial viability standpoint and the most important aspects of transport infrastructure projects viability. The implementation of new modes of transport in an urban environment requires the study of several factors that allow their incorporation on the transport system in the most efficient method. These factors include reviewing the organization of the transport system. The concept of transport system organization, financing models and common trends was defined. Finally, the Public Transport Authority was created to define global objectives and establish specific policies to achieve them was suggested.Design/methodology/approach After the analysis of the “status quo” of transport systems organization, the financing and management schemes, both infrastructure projects and the provision of rail service were analysed. The characteristics of the PPP scheme (Public–Private Participation) contract, advantages and disadvantages, its structure, and the definition and share of risk (matrix of risk, rights and obligations of the parties) as a key element of the PPP contracts were defined. From this point onwards, the legal framework in force in Kuwait was analysed, particularly the administrative and commercial regulations applying to this project and the authors verified that the economic-financial viability analysis suggested before can be established under this framework.Findings For the viability of these alternatives, the authors developed a simulation economic-financial model that reflects Financial Statements for the “Society Vehicle Project” and are considered some minimum thresholds of profitability, both from the viewpoint of the partners sponsoring the project as from the standpoint of lenders, which make attractive participation of private initiative. Finally, there was a short socio-economic analysis to justify the project implementation from a social standpoint. It analyses and quantifies the reduction of operating expenses of other modes of transport, travelling times, accident rates, environmental pollution etc. All these factors affect the quality of life of the population of Kuwait and are the main reason to carry out this project. Several recommendations were raised that aimed at preparing the projects, bidding and selection of private partner and the articulation and implementation of projects.Originality/value This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge through setting the framework for metro projects in arid regions with the hottest temperature on Earth such as Kuwait where such projects are missing completely. This work will be very helpful to governments and municipalities in taking investment decisions. It sets the strategy for utilizing the best of decision-making theory, identifying the reliability advantages and finding the larger economic effects. This work identified, through the analysis of alternative management options generally used in underground and rail projects in different parts of the world, the most convenient alternative in developing countries. It also clearly showed, through the analysis carried out on governmental contributions, how to obtain economic viability for such types of projects. Finally, it helped drawing a roadmap for preparing the projects, bidding and selection of private partner and the articulation and implementation of projects in Kuwait and Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC).
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Sharma, Meenal, Gurendra Nath Bharadwaj, and Shrey Kumar. "Private Equity in Higher Education Sector in India- Need of the Hour!" Journal of Global Economy 14, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i1.482.
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Setting up of an educational institution is not easy and requires a lot of regulatory formalities to be completed before opening and during its operations. If it is shut down within initial phase it is painful as well as legally difficult to close it, especially in India. It has been observed that a significant number of academic institutions of technical higher education have been shut down by the promoters due to lack of financial viability, lack of knowledge of about the business, poor management, and other social factors. The present study is an attempt to find out the reasons of mass failure of many technical higher education institutions and to suggest a unique financing model in order to ensure the quality of education and long-term benefit for the promoters by maintaining financial discipline.
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Osetinsky, Brianna, Günther Fink, August Kuwawenaruwa, and Fabrizio Tediosi. "Investigating sustainability challenges for the National Health Insurance Fund in Tanzania: a modelling approach." BMJ Open 13, no. 8 (August 2023): e070451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070451.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to model the long-term cost associated with expanding public health insurance coverage in Tanzania.Design, setting and participantsWe analysed the 2016 claims of 2 923 524 beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Fund in Tanzania. The analysis focused on determining the average cost per beneficiary across 5-year age groups separated by gender, and grouped by broad health condition categories. We then modelled three different insurance coverage scenarios from 2020 to 2050 and we estimated the associated costs.Outcome measuresAverage cost per beneficiary and the projected financing requirements, projected from 2020 to 2050.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the average per beneficiary cost for insurance claims was $38.58. Among males over 75 years, the average insurance claims costs were highest, amounting to $125. The total estimated annual cost of claims in 2020 was $151 million. Under the status quo coverage scenario, total claims were projected to increase to $415 million by 2050. Increasing coverage from 7% to 50% would result in an additional financing requirement of $2.27 billion. If coverage would increase by 10% annually, reaching 56% of the population by 2050, the additional financing need would amount to $2.84 billion.ConclusionThis study highlights the critical importance of assessing the long-term financial viability of health insurance schemes aimed to cover large segments of the population in low-income countries. The findings demonstrate that even without expansion of coverage, financing requirements for insurance will more than triple by 2050. Furthermore, increasing coverage is likely to substantially escalate the cost of claims, potentially requiring significant government or external contributions to finance these additional costs. Policymakers and stakeholders should carefully evaluate the sustainability of insurance schemes to ensure adequate financial support for expanding coverage and improving healthcare access in low-income settings.
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FINE, MICHAEL, and JENNY CHALMERS. "‘User pays’ and other approaches to the funding of long-term care for older people in Australia." Ageing and Society 20, no. 1 (January 2000): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007643.
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It has been argued that without some system in which future generations of users are able to pay for their care the cost of services for an increasingly large group of older people will be borne by a declining base of economically active younger people. Is the answer a user pays approach to the financing of aged care, as promoted by recent changes to aged care financing? This paper reviews this concept and its recent history in Australia. On the basis of a brief review of alternative funding systems, it also considers the potential of public and private insurance schemes to increase funding by potential service users and underwrite the long-term viability of funding for aged care services.
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Chen, Shengli, Dong Wang, and Zheng Wan. "Credit Risk Assessment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises under the Financial Model of Online Supply Chain." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (December 17, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7733395.
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The rapid development of Internet technology meant that online supply chain finance has become an important source of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) finance. From a review of associated studies, this study constructed an online supply chain financial credit risk evaluation index system that had eleven level 2 indicators and 28 level 3 indicators for the four dimensions of financing enterprise qualification, core enterprise qualification, supply chain operations, and the macroenvironment. To assess the viability of this indicator system, data on 368 SMEs in four industries, clothing, home appliances, pharmaceutical, and construction, were selected as research samples. An online supply chain financial credit risk evaluation model for the different industries was then constructed using principal component analysis (PCA) and logistic regression methods. It was concluded that when evaluating online supply chain financial credit risk, it is necessary to focus on the solvency, profitability, and asset structure efficiencies of the financing enterprises. Due to the different production and operating characteristics of industries, significant variations in the degree and direction of the credit risk factors between industries were found; therefore, evaluating credit risks by industry significantly improved the accuracy of the model’s credit risk predictions. For example, home appliance SMEs need to pay greater attention to their inventory turnover and construction industry SMEs should pay greater attention to their sales growth rate, return on common stockholders’ equity, and GDP growth rate. Based on these results, some suggestions for commercial banks, supply chain core enterprises, and SMEs are given to improve supply chain financing. The conclusion of this study enriches the related research on credit risk assessment of SMEs and also provides decision support for improving SMEs to prevent credit risk.
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Aryal, Baikuntha Prasad. "Financing of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Nepal." Journal of Education and Research 10, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v10i1.31898.
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Considering Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector as an enabler for the socio-economic transformation of the nation, preparing competitive, skilled human resources has become a global priority, which has ushered increased financing in TVET. Of late, TVET governance has become a greater policy concern in Nepal mainly to address the constitutionally designated functions between the three tiers of government as well as to establish a sustainable financing mechanism for better TVET service delivery. Mixed methods approach was applied using survey, questionnaire and focused group discussion, including secondary information to capture the current TVET financing domain from the federal line ministries. The study found that TVET financing has been influenced mainly by the national economy, equity and inclusion, inter-governmental coordination, global political context, external funding, private sector engagement, and mobilisation of the youth. This study reveals that though the trend of budget allocation for TVET is highly correlated to the total national budget and total education budget, the actual allocation still seems significantly low to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 4 targets and the government policy of quality expansion of TVET. The study explores specific models on TVET financing and indicates the viability of integrating funds so that TEVT can serve as an avenue for national prosperity.
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Rachmawati, Ike Kusdyah. "Model and Characteristics of Micro Finance Institutions Based on SME Women in Batu City." JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi dan Manajemen 14, no. 01 (March 22, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31106/jema.v14i01.214.
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The development of SMEs is largely determined by the existence of MFIs that offer financing models are diverse. It can be said that MFIs become a partner of SMEs in this regard as a financial services provider, through diverse financing models. But on the other hand the diversity of financing models offered by MFIs have not been fully able to be utilizedThis study used exploratory research, descriptive, experimental and applied research conducted in stages for the development of a comprehensive model of microfinance accommodative Informants determined based on the information needs. Using a descriptive and qualitative analysis of the MFI deliberately selected examples illustrate the following: (A) The existence of MFIs is recognized community has a strategic role as an intermediary in economic activity that has not affordable public services of banking institutions / conventional banks; (B) service MFIs have demonstrated success, but success can still be in business economics. Skim MFI lending to businesses has not received the priority, it is characterized by a relatively small ceiling (budget allocation) to support farming, which is less than 10% of the total ceiling of MFIs; (C) A critical factor in the development of the agricultural sector MFI lies in the institutional legality, capability management, seed capital support, the economic viability of farming, farm characteristics and technical assistance clients / service users MFIs; (D) To initiate the growth and development of agricultural MFIs needed guidance enhanced capabilities for HR candidates MFI managers, support the strengthening of capital and technical assistance to customers of credit users.Keywords: Financial Institutions Micro, Small Business Micro
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Rotela Junior, Paulo, Eugenio Fischetti, Victor G. Araújo, Rogério S. Peruchi, Giancarlo Aquila, Luiz Célio S. Rocha, and Liviam S. Lacerda. "Wind Power Economic Feasibility under Uncertainty and the Application of ANN in Sensitivity Analysis." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122281.
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Wind power has grown popular in past recent years due to environmental issues and the search for alternative energy sources. Thus, the viability for wind power generation projects must be studied in order to attend to the environmental concerns and still be attractive and profitable. Therefore, this article aims to perform a sensitive analysis in order to identify the variables that influence most in the viability of a wind power investment for small size companies in the Brazilian northeast. For this, a stochastic analysis of viability through Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) will be made and afterwards, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models will be applied for the most relevant variables identification. Through the sensitivity, it appears that the most relevant factors in the analysis are the speed of wind, energy tariff and the investment amount. Thus, the viability of the investment is straightly tied to the region where the wind turbine is installed, and the government incentives may allow decreasing in the investment amount for wind power. Based on this, incentives programs for the production of clean energy include cheaper purchase of wind turbines, lower taxing and financing rates, can make wind power more profitable and attractive.
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Nascimento, Jaomara, Niraldo José Ponciano, Marcela Brite Alfaiate, Manuel Vazquez Vidal Junior, Marize Bastos de Matos, Geraldo Pereira Junior, Carla Roberta Ferraz Carvalho Bila, Dalcio Ricardo de Andrade, Geraldo de Amaral Gravina, and Roger Figueiredo Daher. "Economic Viability of Cassava Residues in the Nile Tilapia Diet." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 11 (October 15, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n11p118.
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Fish feed represents between 50% and 70% of intensive aquaculture production costs. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the economic viability of the production of Nile tilapia under a diet with cassava residues in it. To evaluate the economic efficiency in relation to the inclusion of residues in the tilapia feed, the approximate cost of feed per kilogram of live weight (CMR) gained during the experimental period was determined, and later the cash flow of the production was raised for analysis of indicators: NPV (Net Present Value), CBI (Cost Benefit Rate), and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) submitted to different discount rates from existing financing sources in the region. It was found that tilapia under the diet with the inclusion of tapioca sweep in the diet, showed greater economic efficiency, and consequently higher NPV (R $ 4,583.33), IRR (15%) and CBR (1.17). In this sense, the viability analysis showed that cassava residues in diets of tilapia diets, indicate to be a viable strategy to better develop aquaculture production, in a more sustainable way, enhancing the technical and economic viability and minimizing the environmental impacts.
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Yungucu, Burak, and Buerhan Saiti. "The effects of monetary policy on the Islamic financial services industry." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-02-2016-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of monetary policy on the Islamic financial service industry by studying the findings of the existed literature. Design/methodology/approach Because of the unavailability of the empirical models in the existing study, the authors used past studies review and proposed a new theoretical model. Findings Majority of these studies have documented the negative effects with the exception of a few. The transmission of the monetary policy has been taken place through interest rate risk, asset-liability mismatch, as well as deposit and financing instability. Furthermore, the examined studies have confirmed the viability of the Islamic monetary policy. Originality/value The proposed model may offer some insights to policy makers if it is examined empirically.
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Nasir, Maruf Adeniyi. "The viability of recent enforcement mechanism to combat money laundering and financial terrorism (AML/CFT) in Nigeria." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2018-0046.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the recent steps and enforcement mechanisms employed in Nigeria to combat money laundering and terrorism financing to give a clear and deeper insight to the potential that it portends and locate its workability by combing through various policies that are adapted to reinforce the existing anti-money laundering/combating financing terrorism (AML/CFT) legal and regulatory framework in Nigeria. The paper, therefore, provides a comprehensive assessment of these measures to exhume necessary reinforcement elements required to achieve the desired result by exploring developments from other jurisdictions that have surpassed the country in the AML/CFT crusade. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted qualitative research methodology. It is structured in such a way that mixed qualitative methodology approach as a research strategy is employed. This is achieved by putting into use the combination of doctrinal and non-doctrinal research methods. Descriptive, interpretative and content analysis methods are used to analyse various AML/CFT government policies along with the existing AML/CFT laws. Judicial pronouncements, various scholarly opinions, along with the anti-money law (AML/CFT) within the Nigeria context are analysed in line with the 40 “Recommendations” of the Financial Action Task Force which depicts the acceptable legislative and regulatory precedent and an international standard to measure the adequacy or otherwise of any national or local laws on money laundering. Findings Factors that were militating against the effectiveness and positive performance of Nigeria government to combat money laundering-related matters were identified. A clear-cut amendment to the existing provisions of law that will address the issue is suggested to enhance the effectiveness and combat other similar challenges that are likely to come out of these policies, otherwise more problems would be created than could be solved. Originality/value This paper exposes deficiencies in the present mechanism adopted to combat money laundering in Nigeria and proffers necessary antidote to facilitate the effectiveness of the legislation. It provides necessary information that could facilitate amendments and new legislation(s) to curb the defects by the lawmakers and could serve as a veritable source of information to law students, legal practitioners and academia.
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Sinenko, Sergey, and Ivan Savin. "Assessment of sufficiency of financial resources according to plan of investment project of cooperation in the field of agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 12016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125812016.
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The choice of an investment project is based on all the information collected and obtained at all the previous stages of the formulation of the project, the choice of the most effective for the implementation of the investment project from the whole set of alternative ones is made. The main task to be solved in determining the financial viability of a project is to assess its ability at all stages of development to timely and fully respond to the existing financial obligations, that is, to assess the solvency and liquidity of the project. Financing of entrepreneurial firms is a set of forms and methods, principles and conditions of financial support for simple and extended reproduction. When calculating economic efficiency, the discounting method is used, for the need to compare the values of cash receipts and payments, spaced over time. In the economic assessment of efficiency in this work, a dynamic method based on discounting was used.
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Sinenko, Sergey, and Ivan Savin. "Assessment of sufficiency of financial resources according to plan of investment project of cooperation." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 07026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021707026.
Full textAbstract:
The choice of an investment project is based on all the information collected and obtained at all the previous stages of the formulation of the project, the choice of the most effective for the implementation of the investment project from the whole set of alternative ones is made. The main task to be solved in determining the financial viability of a project is to assess its ability at all stages of development to timely and fully respond to the existing financial obligations, that is, to assess the solvency and liquidity of the project. Financing of entrepreneurial firms is a set of forms and methods, principles and conditions of financial support for simple and extended reproduction. When calculating economic efficiency, the discounting method is used, for the need to compare the values of cash receipts and payments, spaced over time. In the economic assessment of efficiency in this work, a dynamic method based on discounting was used.
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O’Neill, Phillip. "The financialisation of urban infrastructure: A framework of analysis." Urban Studies 56, no. 7 (February 27, 2018): 1304–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017751983.
Full textAbstract:
The literature on the financialisation of urban infrastructure typically traces how an infrastructure asset’s balance sheet is (re)engineered to create a financial asset. What the literature neglects are the processes by which an asset generates urban flows. Attention to these processes, we argue, not only gives better insight into the processes of financialisation of infrastructure but also exposes how the act of financing affects the operations of cities through its influence on the performance of infrastructure assets. The argument presented in the article is informed by case studies of infrastructure investments revealed in interviews conducted in New York, London and Sydney. This material is drawn on to generate a framework for understanding the relationships between infrastructure investing and the infrastructure-enabled flows of a city. This framework has three dimensions through which the financialisation process is seen to be mediated. These are capital structure, organisational structure and regulatory structure. The article argues that these mezzanine-level conceptualisations enable us to explore the to-and-fro between financing and operating cities. A key proposition is that the physical flows of a city are basic not only to the design and enactment of an investment instrument but also to its financial viability. The realisation of this relationship has changed the way investors approach infrastructure assets as investment products. Implications for urban management are drawn.