Relevant bibliographies by topics / FINANCING VIABILITY

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'FINANCING VIABILITY'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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Fanta, Ashenafi Beyene. "Viability of pro-SME financing schemes: A developing country perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2c2p1.

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To curb SME financing difficulty, various schemes were suggested as alternative financing techniques that include, among others, relationship lending, factoring, credit scoring, leasing, and credit guarantees. This paper aims at examining the viability of each of the schemes by considering the institutional and legal conditions in developing countries. Critical analysis of extant body of literature revealed that not all pro-SME financing schemes are suitable for SMEs in developing countries. This is because they demand development of legal, informational, and financial frameworks that the countries acutely lack at the moment. This, however, does not rule out the utility of schemes such as credit scoring that can be effectively used to ease SME access to finance if well designed credit offices are in place. Similarly, credit guarantee schemes are crucial as an interim solution if they are allowed to run without government subsidy as it aggravates moral hazard
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Singhania, Monica, and Kamal Kumar. "The financial viability of the Yamuna Expressway." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2013-0216.

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Subject area The case focuses on issues concerning infrastructure development by Jaypee Infratech Ltd. (JIL) in the context of emerging market of India. This is undertaken by employing the usage of strength weakness opportunity and threat analysis (SWOT) analysis, political, economical, sociological and technological analysis (PEST) analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model and competitor analysis. It also outlines the importance of financing model adopted with respect to Concessionaire Agreement drafted and executed towards making an infrastructure project financially viable so as to reduce the risk associated with infrastructure projects which requires huge investments and long gestation period. Further, it also highlights the importance of how future projects can be undertaken on the basis of public private partnership (PPP) model. Study level/applicability This case can be used as a teaching tool in the following courses: MBA/Post Graduate Program in Management in Management Accounting, Management Control Systems and Strategic Cost Management. It can be used to explain concepts of SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model analysis. Students are also introduced to the technique of financial analysis. Executive training programs for Middle- and Senior-level employees to explain the Infrastructure Financing and Concessionaire Agreement for infrastructure projects. Under-graduate/Post-graduate programs in Entrepreneurship. Case overview JIL was established as a Special Purpose Vehicle in 2007 to execute the Yamuna Expressway project. Originally the contract was awarded to parent company Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. in 2003. The project entails financing, construction, operation, maintenance and collection of toll for 36 years and then transferring it back to Government of Uttar Pradesh of 165.5 km Yamuna Expressway, and subsequently development of 530-million square feet of area from five parcels of land earmarked along the expressway. The project highlights how a PPP infrastructure project can be made financially viable. Expected learning outcomes SWOT analysis was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a company. Also, application of Porter's Five Forces Model was done to analyze an industry. Determining quantitative terms like Long-Term Return on equity, Return on Capital Employed, Book Value vs Market value, Net Margins, Income Tax benefits enjoyed under section 80-IA and Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT); determining financial viability of an infrastructure project over its entire life cycle. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes
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Tan Jr., Carlos Antonio, Narisa Sugay, Maria Sylvia Nachura, Katrina Miradora, Abba Marie Moreno, Josefa Mina Nieva, and Joyce Encluna. "National Health Insurance Program financing during the COVID-19 pandemic: financial viability and." Philippine Review of Economics 58, no. 1&2 (December 2021): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37907/7erp1202jd.

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This paper examines the state of National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) financing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, an event which coincides with the implementation of the Universal Health Care (UHC) mandates on restructuring the NHIP premium schedule, providing immediate eligibility to NHIP benefits, and expanding member benefits. Using the ratio of total expenditures to total revenues as the measure of financial viability, it shows that the NHIP remains financially viable during the COVID-19 pandemic year of 2020. Projections for 2021 however show that NHIP financial viability may be adversely affected by the significantly higher number of COVID-19 cases with the negative effect mitigated only if COVID-19 benefit claim patterns remain as weak as observed for 2020. On the revenue side, the potential for a lower premium is observed to be offset by the higher rates in the UHC mandated premium schedule. On the expenditure side, potential increases associated with the implementation of immediate eligibility and the introduction of COVID-19 benefits are mitigated by lower NHIP benefit utilization due to reduced mobility and access to health facilities. Secondary analysis on who has to bear the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, however, shows that the implementation of UHC financing initiatives may heighten adverse incentives on members’ willingness to pay premiums. Using the benefit expenditure-premium contribution ratio as the measure for the burden of paying for NHIP benefits, it is shown that the Formal Economy sector shoulders the burden of funding the NHIP benefits of the Informal Economy and Sponsored sectors.
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Casullo, Lorenzo. "Rail Funding and Financing." Review of Network Economics 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2017-0038.

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Abstract Funding and financing arrangements for railway infrastructure in Europe are often perceived as complex and opaque. Given the large sums of public money involved, greater transparency on inputs and outputs is required. This paper aims to present an overview of rail infrastructure funding and financing in Europe based on recent evidence, and draws comparisons with the systems in the US and Japan. We also discuss a number of policy options to address the funding gap and ensure that European railways improve their financial viability and remain strong pillars of sustainable mobility in the future.
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V. Magsilang, Zia Nicole, Aimee Lyn DG Manalese, Patricia Camille G. Mariano, Ivan Andrei R. Morada, and Arjhel V. Domingo. "The Viability of Agricultural Value Chain Financing in the Province of Nueva Ecija." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 9, no. 6 (2023): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.96.6.

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Agriculture is one of the main industries in the Philippines, and Nueva Ecija is known as the country's "Rice Granary." However, many farmers in the province face financial constraints that limit their ability to invest in their farms and improve their yields. This descriptive study aimed to explore the viability of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. The researchers used convenience sampling and a survey questionnaire with a consent form to collect data from farmers, traders, and other actors in the agricultural value chain. The researchers analyzed the data using frequency count, percentages, and weighted mean. The study found that agricultural value chain financing is viable in Nueva Ecija, but only if there is an entity that can act as a link between the different actors in the chain. This could be a government agency, a non-governmental organization, or a private sector company. The link entity would need to provide financial and other support services to farmers, such as training and technical assistance, as well as facilitate connections between farmers and other actors in the value chain, such as traders and processors. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. By highlighting the importance of link entities, the findings can inform the development of policies and programs that support agricultural development and poverty reduction in the province and beyond.
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Chen, Jing. "Research on the E-Commerce Model of Small and Medium Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2019.

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In this paper, the SME e-business financing for the study, analysis of business operation mode based e-commerce platform, focusing on big data platform based in the cloud as a means of e-business financing model, to a certain extent to solve the financing market asymmetric information problems in order to achieve the factory operation SME financing; while its limitations, namely the closed nature of the platform, the limited nature of the subject's participation as a breakthrough, build e-commerce platform as the core to the line a variety of financial non-financial large financial institutions to participate in party mode, to solve financing problems of SMEs. The end of the analysis of the profitability of the parties involved, as well as problems and deficiencies that may be encountered, verify its economic viability and future development of the platform to do a certain degree of outlook.
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Gilmour, Nicholas, Tristram Hicks, and Simon Dilloway. "Examining the practical viability of internationally recognised standards in preventing the movement of money for the purposes of terrorism." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2016-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine – using crime script analysis – the practical effectiveness of internationally endorsed and universally recognised counter-terrorism financing (CTF) standards in preventing the movement of money for the purposes of terrorism. The paper does not seek to examine the originating circumstances of terrorist finances or how laundered value is assigned. Design/methodology/approach Preliminary evaluation focuses on the discrepancies between the practices of money laundering and terrorist financing. Following an introduction to crime scripts, internationally endorsed anti money laundering (AML)/CTF practices are discussed to identify the process used to trace, prevent and limit money laundering and terrorist financing. Several terrorist financing case studies are then aligned to the process of crime script analysis to determine whether existing AML/CTF practices are effective in preventing terrorist financing. Findings The AML model “Placement, layering, integration” is only relevant to CTF in the comparatively rare cases when the origin of the money is crime. This creates a false sense of security through over reliance on AML/CTF for CTF purposes. A crime script approach can be applied to terrorist finance, but it is currently hindered by insufficient reporting of low level financing of terrorists, their addresses and associates. Law enforcement make insufficient use of financial intelligence – as a routine practice – in their crime and terrorist investigations; they have not adopted parallel investigation as a routine approach and consequently remain largely unconnected with the AML/CTF regime. Practical implications Utilising terrorist financing case studies, this paper identifies that existing AML/CTF international standards and practices are not adequate for controlling the movement of funds for financing terrorism because of the lack of focus on a specific script that aligns to known terrorist finance methodologies. While the paper identifies that existing AML/CTF international standards are thorough, the process underpinning the financing of terrorism is too dissimilar to the process of money laundering, namely, placement, layering, and integration, to support practices associated with terrorism prevention and detection. Originality/value This paper provides an examination of the practicalities behind the countering of terrorist financing from a compliance and investigative perspective. The paper is of interest to those involved in policy, compliance and investigations associated with terrorist financing.
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Mohd Abd Khar, Siti Hajar Binti, Muhammad Pisol bin Mohd Mat Isa, Maran Marimuthu, and Amin Jan. "The Perception of Micro-Entrepreneurs towards the Adoption of an Islamic Equity-Based Financing: Evidence from Malaysia." Business Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v10i2.15586.

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This paper aims to explore the perception of micro-entrepreneurs towards the adoption of equity-based financing models in Malaysia. The investigation has covered the following characteristics of equity-based financing such as fairness, partnership, risk sharing, business size, and MFI. The current micro-financial products in Malaysia are focusing more on debt-based financing, which is holistically increasing the financial risk level of entrepreneurs in the case of defaults. There is a dire need to identify the relevancy and viability of equity-based financing in Malaysia, it will ultimately reduce the financial risks of entrepreneurs in case of default. The Islamic financial concept offers a solution to this problem, Musharakah and Mudarabah are among the other Islamic products that offer equity-based micro-financing to entrepreneurs. However, its practical implementation is still vague. In relation to this, the study adopts a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 700 micro-entrepreneurs from the state of Selangor Malaysia. The results of this study found that micro-entrepreneurs tend to register a positive perception of the characteristics of equity-based financing and risk-sharing score as the highest factor towards the adoption of the proposed equity-based PLS model in Malaysia.
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Armas, Kenneth L., Engr Gina Lorenzo, and Catherine Dela Cruz. "Financial Viability of Business Models For Engineered Vertical Hydroponics Systems For Sustainable Onion Production in The Philippines." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2023): 864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v4i2.2040.

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This study aimed to explore the financial, socio-economic, and environmental benefits of sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems, and to identify key factors affecting the viability of these business models. Data were collected through a survey of onion farmers and producers in the Philippines, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems has the potential to generate higher income for farmers, increase employment opportunities, improve food security, enhance market competitiveness, and promote environmental sustainability. Key financial factors affecting viability included production costs, market prices, yield, labor costs, energy costs, capital costs, financing costs, taxes and regulatory costs, and maintenance and repair costs. Recommendations for optimizing financial viability include reducing production costs, diversifying income streams, and improving market competitiveness. Overall, this study suggests that sustainable onion production using vertical farming and hydroponic systems is a viable and promising approach to achieving socio-economic and environmental sustainability in the agricultural sector.
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Meidutė, Ieva. "ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS CENTRES ESTABLISHMENT." TRANSPORT 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638108.

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This paper presents a method for assessing the financial viability of a new Freight village financed by private and public investments. The financial evaluation model constitutes four distinct phases, namely (a) site selection and traffic forecasts, (b) definition of services offered and corresponding dimensions, (c) estimation of investment and operation costs and (d) evaluation of investments. Furthermore, the model produces financing scenarios, based on combinations of public and private funds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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PRIYADARSHINI, MONICA. "STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA AND A CASE OF FINANCING VIABILITY OF WIND ENERGY PROJECT." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18343.

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Indian Power sector is in a period of transition, spurred by the governments’ mega target of installing 175 Giga Watt (GW) of renewables by 2022, the world's largest renewable energy capacity expansion plan, out of which 100 Giga Watt from solar and 60 Giga Watt will be from wind energy. India ranks fourth in wind energy, fifth in terms of renewable energy. India is the only country which have an exclusive ministry for renewable energy i.e. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Renewable Energy Sources Installed capacity has grown substantially from 34 GW in 2014 to 87 GW in 2020. In recent years, the percentage of renewables has increased in total installed capacity. In 2013-2014, the contribution was 12.92%, rising to 23.5% by March 2020. Wind and solar energy are the major contributors in the enhanced capacity of renewables. Wind is one of the largest RE source in India, based on mean annual wind power density. States with high wind power potential are Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. With an installed capacity of 37.69 GW (Mar 20) of wind energy, Wind Energy holds the major portion of 43% of 87.03 GW (Mar-20) total RE capacity among renewable and continued as the largest supplier of clean energy. India as a tropical country is blessed with good sunshine in most of its parts and the number of clear days of sunshine a year is also quite high. According to MNRE, India receives annually solar energy equivalent to more than 5,000 trillion units. Hot and dry climate of the country with about 300 days of sunshine; making this area a great place to harness solar energy. “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)” was launched in 2010 to support the growth of solar energy installations in India. Government came up with many schemes time to time to make renewable energy sector attractive to investors. Few such schemes/ incentives are Viability Gap Funding for solar projects, Generation based incentives for wind projects, MAT credit for RE projects, Accelerated depreciation for wind projects, Must run for Renewable energy projects etc. Approx. Rs 2,14,800 Crores investments has been made in Renewable energy sector since 2014 till Jul-2019. Private, PSU banks, NBFCs, Development banks etc are lending debt to renewable energy projects. Many Private Equity players are participating in the equity financing of these projects. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA), a government enterprise, was set up in 1987 under MNRE to support financial assistance to renewable energy projects. As per MNRE, country needs approx. Rs 4 Lakh Crores investment to achieve target of 175 Giga Watt of Renewable Energy Installations. Investments to this tune can only be made if it is a viable investment. In order to understand different viability parameters involved in the financing of renewable energy projects, a 100 MW wind energy project has been considered in this study. The project has a long term PPA at a tariff of 2.90 per unit for a period of 25 years. The estimated project cost (excluding Interest During Construction) is Rs 600 Cr to be funded in Debt : Equity ratio of 75:25. Financials have been worked out using excel tool. Financial modelling has been done to assess the viability parameters based on different assumptions. Further, to understand the risk factors involved in renewable energy projects, phase wise risk analysis has been done along with mitigation measures. Challenges have been explored to identify the gap in installation of renewable energy sources. Various recommendations have been suggested to overcome these challenges.
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Awambu, Anozie Ikechukwu. "Power financing in a receding global economy : can capacity short countries enhance the viability of projects without exposure to contingent liabilities for market risks?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505611.

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Oulehla, Jiří. "Komplexní realizace bytové výstavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241081.

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The thesis concentrates on the evaluation of the factors that affect the viability of housing projects in Brno. The first part consists of an economic evaluation of a project. There are defined restrictive economic conditions of the realization. The second part is the suggestion of a process and options for securing clients’ financial funds. The last part consists of a proposal of the promotion of the project in the context of economic efficiency.
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Silva, João Carlos Tenente da. "Huambo Microbiology Laboratory : economical and financial viability." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11857.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este trabalho foi realizado no âmbito de um projeto para uma empresa sediada em Huambo, na qual foi pedido uma análise de viabilidade económica e financeira para a construção de um laboratório de microbiologia de alimentos. Esta será a primeira empresa localizada em Huambo, na qual irá testar a qualidade dos produtos importados e exportados em Angola. Numa primeira fase foi estudado o valor inicial para este investimento, a nível de infraestruturas e equipamentos. Para conseguir uma previsão deste investimento, foram analisados alguns laboratórios concorrentes em Portugal, apesar da difícil comparação em termos de dimensão e custos. Este será um investimento realizado exclusivamente através de financiamento bancário. A taxa de juro para este empréstimo foi calculada com base nas taxas de juro aplicadas em casos e valores de financiamento semelhantes. De seguida, foi elaborado uma projeção do volume de negócios baseado na informação recolhida relativamente às importações e exportações neste sector. Com esse volume de negócio, foram calculados todos os custos inerentes ao funcionamento da empresa, como por exemplo, custos fixos e variáveis e custos com salários. Os custos do investimento irão ser depreciados ao longo dos cinco anos previstos. Para melhorar a análise, foram realizados três cenários, de forma, a perceber o quanto poderá influenciar algumas alterações nas previsões. Para perceber a viabilidade económica e financeira deste projeto foi utilizado o método do desconto dos Cash-Flow. Com este método foi também possível obter a taxa interna de rentabilidade e o período no qual o investimento será pago.
This work was carried out for a project in a company based in Huambo, which was asked for an economic and financial viability study for the construction of a food microbiology laboratory. This will be the first company located in Huambo, which will test the quality of imported and exported products in Angola. In a first phase the initial value was studied for this investment, such as buildings, frame-work and equipment. To get the investment’s provision, some competitors’ laboratories were analyzed in Portugal, despite the difficult comparison in terms of size and cost. This will be an investment made exclusively through bank financing. The interest rate for this loan was calculated based on the interest rates applied in similar cases and financing values. Then a turnover projection based on information collected on imports and exports in this sector was prepared. With this turnover, they calculated all the costs of operation of the business, such as fixed and variable costs and wage costs. The investment costs will be depreciated over the five year period. To improve the analysis, there were three scenarios (pessimistic, average and optimistic), in order, to realize how much changes on quantity and costs can influence the forecasts. To realize the economic and financial viability of this project we used the discount method of Cash Flow. With this method it was also possible to obtain the internal rate of return and payback period.
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Leach, Stephanie Ashley. "Financial viability and competitive balance in English football." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11244.

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Asmah, Ruby. "Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in Ghana." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/461.

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The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.
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Lopes, Paulo Alexandre Simões. "Análise de Projectos na Perspectiva da Consultoria Financeiro-Fiscal : O Caso do Hotel Ibérico." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2237.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Um Business Plan é um instrumento fundamental para avaliar a viabilidade económica e financeira de um projecto de investimento. Para implementá-lo, é necessário um planeamento bastante cuidadoso em relação às variáveis que estarão subjacentes ao projecto em si e em toda a sua envolvente, tais como, a análise de mercado, o conceito, a caracterização do investimento e as fontes de financiamento inerentes. Neste trabalho, será proposta uma metodologia para a elaboração de um Business Plan e analisar-se-á os resultados relevantes derivado da respectiva aplicação a um projecto de investimento em concreto: Hotel Ibérico.
A Business Plan is a key tool for the assessment of the economic and financial viability of an investment project. To implement a Business Plan, it requires a very careful planning in relation to variables that are behind the project itself and all its surroundings, such as market analysis, the concept, the characterization of investment and funding sources involved. In this report, we propose one methodology for the creation of a Business Plan and the relevant results derived from its application will be analysed for an investment project in particular: Hotel Ibérico.
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SINHA, ADITYA. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANLYSIS OF V- GUARD INDUSTRIES." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18352.

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Financial analysis referred to financial statement analysis or in other words it is the assessment of the stability, viability and profitability of a business. The thought behind this examination is to break down the monetary situation of the organization. This research is done with assistance of the information which is gathered from the yearly report, quarterly reports of the organization. Also, some industry reports from big four were consulted for the research. The financial performance was measured by using various financial tools such as profitability ratio, solvency ratio, turnover ratio, relative valuation etc. In view of the analysis, discoveries have been shown up that the organization has got sufficient assets to meet its obligations and liabilities, the income statement of the company shows net profit of the company is projected to decrease in next two year. So long term investment V- Guard is not suggested for investment purpose. Although short selling intraday trading will be suggested for V Guard Industries. More over for investment purpose other stock such as Siemens which is a large cap consumer durable company is available at relatively lower industry price.
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Ducie, Gregory Justin. "Financial viability of sustainable infrastructural development at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015063.

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Sustainable environmental practices need to be integrated into a university's infrastructural operations. Universities are entities that function within financial constraints with varying priorities across both administrative and educational functions. Unfortunately, these financial constraints often imply that a university's potential leadership role can only be realised should the viability (business case) of a proposed intervention be determined. This study focuses on the determination of a relational sustainable indicator and a relational cost factor. A relational sustainable indicator demonstrates how a university can collectively determine the contribution made to sustainability by various sectors of infrastructure. This is developed by means of a secondary study. Two components are important for calculating the relational sustainability indicator, namely, green infrastructure attributes and the basic elements of sustainability systems, namely, the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability. The determination of a relational cost factor involves the quantification of the costs associated with alternative infrastructure provision. In particular, attention is paid to demand-side management costs, rationalising spatial growth costs, green building development costs, operation and maintenance of existing buildings costs, wastewater infrastructure costs, water infrastructure costs, energy infrastructure costs and transport infrastructure costs. Once the actual costs of each intervention category are determined, a relational sustainable cost factor can be calculated. Utilising the costs in the eight categories identified, a relational sustainable cost factor is determined. A resultant relational cost benefit as per the eight defined categories of sustainable infrastructure provision is derived from the relevant costs of sustainable infrastructure provision, the resultant relational cost factors and, finally, the relational sustainability indicators. It is proposed that that the determination of a budget split between the various interventions based on the resultant relational cost factor occur as follows: - Demand side management interventions: 15.97percent - Rationalising spatial growth: 6.72percent - Construction of green buildings: 24.37percent - Operations and maintenance: 21.85percent - Wastewater: 7.56percent - Water: 1.68percent - Energy: 12.61percent - Transport: 9.24percent. This study provides a platform to guide how and where to invest in sustainable infrastructure and provide direction in determining a budget split between various categories of sustainable infrastructure development.
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Tanner, Janet Jeffery. "Financial Analysis and Fiscal Viability of Secondary Schools in Mukono District, Uganda." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1289.

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Within the worldwide business community, many analysis tools and techniques have evolved to assist in the evaluation and encouragement of financial health and fiscal viability. However, in the educational community, such analysis is uncommon. It has long been argued that educational institutions bear little resemblance to, and should not be treated like, businesses. This research identifies an educational environment where educational institutions are, indeed, businesses, and may greatly benefit from the use of business analyses. The worldwide effort of Education for All (EFA) has focused on primary education, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). In Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda increased its primary school enrollments from 2.7 million in 1996 to 7.6 million in 2003. This rapid primary school expansion substantially increased the demand for secondary education. Limited government funding for secondary schools created an educational bottleneck. In response to this demand, laws were passed to allow the establishment of private secondary schools, operated and taxed as businesses. Revenue reports, filed by individual private schools with the Uganda Revenue Authority, formed the database for the financial analysis portion of this research. These reports, required of all profitable businesses in Uganda, are similar to audited corporate financial statements. Survey data and national examination (UNEB) scores were also utilized. This research explored standard business financial analysis tools, including financial statement ratio analysis, and evaluated the applicability of each to this LDC educational environment. A model for financial assessment was developed and industry averages were calculated for private secondary schools in the Mukono District of Uganda. Industry averages can be used by individual schools as benchmarks in assessing their own financial health. Substantial deviations from the norms signal areas of potential concern. Schools may take appropriate corrective action, leading to sustainable fiscal viability. An example of such analysis is provided. Finally, school financial health, defined by eight financial measures, was compared with quality of education, defined by UNEB scores. Worldwide, much attention is given to education and its role in development. This research, with its model for financial assessment of private LDC schools, offers a new and pragmatic perspective.
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Books on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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McDowell, Moore. Financing local authorities: The questionable viability of a local property tax. Dublin: Department of Political Economy, UCD, 1988.

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McDowell, Moore. Financing local authorities: The questionable viability of a local property tax. Dublin: Department of Political Economy, University College Dublin, 1988.

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Financing the EPAs: An assessment of the viability of aid for trade, EDF and EU budget funding initiatives for the EAC-EPA. Kampala, Uganda: SEATINI, 2010.

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Kaplan, Smith & Associates. and United States. Federal Home Loan Bank Board, eds. [Financial viability monitoring system]. Pasadena, Calif: Kaplan, Smith & Associates, Inc., 1985.

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A, Matson Theodore, ed. The Hospital emergency department: Returning to financial viability. Chicago, Ill: American Hospital Pub., 1986.

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Communities Scotland. Regulation & Inspection Division., ed. Assessing the financial viability of Registered Social Landlords. [S.l.]: Communities Scotland, 2005.

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Hines, Deborah A. Financial viability of smallholder reforestation in Viet Nam. Hanoi: United Nations Development Programme, 1995.

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Jan, Masaoka, and Zimmerman Steve 1970-, eds. Nonprofit sustainability: Making strategic decisions for financial viability. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.

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Price Waterhouse (Firm). Marketing Consultany. The financial viability of bus operators since deregulation. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1990.

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Mayer, Wolfgang. On the viability of conditional assistance programs. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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Halbout, Jérôme, and Marie-Noëlle Riboud-Seydoux. "Financing of Energy Investment." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 301–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_17.

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AbstractHalbout and Riboud-Seydoux offer a concise yet insightful guide to financing an Energy investment from the perspective of Energy investors and professionals. In the context of the substantial investments required to sustain the development of world’s economies, this chapter reviews the key steps in the financing of an Energy project, from the project viability analysis to the choice of financing instruments and structures. The authors highlight how the source of Energy and other characteristics of a specific project impact and shape its financing, using case studies from renewable Energy and conventional Energy alike and conclude by drawing attention to the innovations taking place across all Energy segments.
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Chahine, Teresa. "Ensuring Financial Viability." In Social Entrepreneurship, 136–61. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003094715-7.

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Kapoor, Anant, En-Qi Teo, Dina Azhgaliyeva, and Yang Liu. "The Viability of Green Bonds as a Financing Mechanism for Energy-Efficient Green Buildings in ASEAN: Lessons from Malaysia and Singapore." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 263–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3599-1_12.

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Almeida, Fernando, and José Duarte Santos. "Financial Plan & Viability Analysis." In The Business Plan Reference Manual for IT Businesses, 115–47. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003339700-5.

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Joshi, Bhavesh P. "Financial Viability of New Ventures." In Entrepreneurship in India, 115–39. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003342281-7.

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Gupta, Ravi, S. R. Pandi Perumal, and Ahmed S. BaHammam. "Financial Viability for a Sleep Lab." In Clinical Atlas of Polysomnography, 499–505. Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2018.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22464-25.

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Goldmark, Lara. "23. The financial viability of BDS." In Business Development Services, 301–13. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442808.023.

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Le Moullec, Bernard, Yan Hanrunyu, and Pradeep Kumar Ray. "The Financial Viability of eHealth and mHealth." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 111–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64466-6_7.

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Bates, Timothy. "Financial Capital Structure and Small Business Viability." In Advances in Small Business Finance, 63–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3462-0_5.

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Orlova, Nadezhda, Evgenia Serova, Vladimir Popov, and Marina Petukhova. "Key Areas of the Agricultural Science Development in Russia in the Context of Global Trends and Challenges." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 799–812. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_42.

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AbstractThe modern Russian agrifood industry is a steadily developing sector of the national economy. The production of a number of goods has reached historically high levels. Russia has a strong position in the export of agricultural raw material commodities, while the country remains dependent on imports from other countries. This chapter examines critical areas of scientific research in Russia that will create opportunities for increasing competitiveness in the transition of the world food systems from conventional agriculture to Agriculture 4.0. Science and technology-based innovations for transforming food systems in Russia include productivity growth through breeding technologies and improved genetics, in combination with technologies that will ensure optimal realization of this potential (feed additives, fertilizers, plant protection products, animal health, and other so-called “package” solutions). The introduction of digital technologies and cross-platform solutions in agriculture, to reduce the gaps in labor productivity, will increase overall productivity and reduce food losses. Diversification of food products includes priorities for high-margin segments of healthy, functional and personalized nutrition, and the deep processing of agricultural commodities. The paper explores closed farming systems (including “urban farming”) that are independent of external climatic and biological factors. Development of the agricultural waste recycling sector is a priority too. Russia lags behind its competitors in terms of the scientific quality of its production. This is due to a lack of efficiency in the financing of agricultural science, as well as an imbalance within its structure. An increasingly acute problem of the transition of Russian food systems to the innovative path is the reduction of human resources. This trend is typical both in the scientific sector, where it is expressed in a decrease in the number of researchers and an aging staff (which threatens the continuity in the established scientific schools and the viability of research teams) and in agriculture as a whole.
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Conference papers on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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Ikuabe, Matthew, Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Andrew Ebekozien, Ayodeji Oke, and Romane Mofokeng. "Foreign Direct Investments in the South African Construction Industry: Promulgating the Inherent Benefits." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002238.

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One of the key indicators of the viability of the economy of any nation is the aggregate output of its construction industry. To this end, it is highly encouraged that significant investment portions of any country should be devoted to capital investment to spur development and ultimately boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, capital projects are usually attributed with the demands of enormous financial input, hence, due to low gross domestic savings, alternative source of financing such as foreign direct investment (FDI) as against the conventional government-sourced financing experienced in most developing countries is highly encouraged. In the light of the aforementioned, this study assesses the benefits of FDI in the South African construction industry. Construction professionals formed the population of the study, while the data elicited from the respondents was analysed with appropriate analytical tools. Findings from the study shows that the most significant benefits of the flow of FDI into the South African construction industry are technology transfer, enhanced productivity and human resource development. Conclusively, the study makes recommendations that would help in stimulating the flow of FDI into the construction industry in South Africa considering the inherent benefits as revealed in its findings.
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Clunie, Jeffrey F. "Waste-to-Energy Project Economics and Financing: A Look Into the Factors Influencing the Future." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3186.

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This paper focuses on significant changes in the overall economics of waste-to-energy (WTE) during the last 30 years. The WTE industry in this country has seen several different business cycles occur since 1975, as different market drivers have caused the industry to rise and fall. This paper compares: (1) those economic factors that were in play in 1975, when the first WTE facility in the United States was built, and the industry was in its infancy; (2) the factors at play when the WTE industry was at its height in 1990; and (3) some of the factors that caused the industry’s steep downward trend since 1994, when the last greenfield WTE facility in the United States was built. The paper will identify changes that have occurred with regard to the pricing of electricity and the ability of public sectors to charge non-market-based tipping fees. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and focuses on completed economic factors to be considered when comparing WTE with other waste disposal means. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and whether the industry is finally poised to begin an upward turn in the cycle. The paper focuses on the impact of the cost of diesel fuel oil on the overall economics of long-haul transfer, and how that is likely to impact the future development of WTE facilities. The paper also presents a case study of a recent analysis that was undertaken for two counties that were evaluating the financial viability of WTE as compared to other disposal options.
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Queiroz, Cesar A., and Goran Mladenović. "Combining capital grant and availability payment to keep toll rates affordable." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1278.

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In several countries public budgets cannot provide all the funds needed to build priority transport and other infrastructure projects that are economically justified and environmentally and socially sound. Under certain circumstances, projects meeting such conditions can be implemented by involving private financing, through public-private partnerships (PPP), which is a means to get projects completed by leveraging scarce public resources. Priority highway PPP projects may require toll rates above the affordability level of road users, particularly when construction costs are relatively high and traffic volumes are relatively low. The provision of capital grants and/or availability payments to the concessionaire (i.e., the private partner) by the government (i.e., the public partner) would reduce the toll rate required to attract private investors for the project. Such projects, where the sources of revenue to the private partner (or concessionaire) include both the users of the facility and the government, are usually called hybrid PPPs. A key step in assuring that a proposed PPP highway project would attract private investors is to determine whether financial public support would be required, and if so, how much. To this endeavor, this paper reviews and applies a hybrid PPP financial model for highways that facilitates carrying out projects' financial viability by decision makers and practitioners. A numerical case study is used to illustrate applications of the model to conditions deemed representative of Southeastern European countries. The main outputs generated by the model include the project’s internal rate of return, equity internal rate of return, annual debt service coverage ratio, and the present value of the government’s cash flow. A sensitivity analysis carried out shows the impact of key input parameters on the main outputs. While the financial model discussed has been developed for roads, it can also be adapted to other forms of transport infrastructure, such as rail.
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Bartha, Zoltan. "FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.2/s05.092.

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Lace, Natalja, and Nadezhda Koleda. "Aggregate Assessment of a Company's Financial Viability." In The 7th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2012". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2012.014.

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Gillan, Charles J., Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos, Giorgis Georgakoudis, Richard Faloon, George Tzenakis, and Ivor Spence. "On the Viability of Microservers for Financial Analytics." In 2014 Seventh Workshop on High Performance Computational Finance (WHPCF). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whpcf.2014.11.

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Augusto, Hugo. "FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR VIABILITY OF A COGENERATION SYSTEM." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0084.

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Withanage, I. M., N. Zainudeen, and M. Nadeeshani. "Financial viability of using green roofing in residential buildings." In 8th World Construction Symposium. University of Moratuwa, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2019.35.

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Uvarova, Inga, Dzintra Atstaja, Viola Korpa, and Miks Erdmanis. "Financial viability of circular business models in tyre recycling industry in Latvia." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.028.

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The end-of-life (EOL) tyre recycling industry in Latvia is encountering economic and sustainability challenges, which require solutions by various stakeholders. Improvement of tyre waste management and recycling is important within the context of sustainability and the new streamlining of circular business models. Its importance is also recognized at the European Union level in relation to the further strategic goals and the European Green Deal. In addition, the tyre recycling industry in Latvia demonstrates a relatively unfavorable financial situation, which is one of the most significant factors hindering the introduction of new circular business models. The aim of this research is to clarify the challenges related to the financial viability of tyre recycling companies adopting the new circular business models. The main research methods are literature review, semistructured in-depth interviews, case studies and financial analyses. There are large stocks of EOL tyres and on average just 50 % of them are recycled. The tyre waste management companies are not motivated to supply EOL tyres to recycling companies. On the other hand, due to various reasons, most of the tyre recycling companies are not working with their maximum production capacity. The research results reveal that the tyre recycling companies mostly run traditional and inefficient business models that require large operating costs and ensure comparatively low profitability. In order to enable more efficient and environmentally friendly type recycling process, the companies should implement new, investment intensive technologies. Yet, they face critical issues of liquidity and financial returns. Major conclusions are related to the necessity to develop several business models interlinked within one portfolio thus ensuring the manufacturing of various products with higher added value and quality. This may maximise the profits and improve the financial viability of tyre recycling business models.
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Trotter, Rebecca W., Cristiane Q. Surbeck, and Cesar Queiroz. "Financial Viability of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure: Using Public-Private Partnerships." In Second International Conference on Public-Private Partnerships. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480267.014.

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Reports on the topic "FINANCING VIABILITY"

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Rajagopalan, Neetha, Anse Smeets, Karolien Peeters, Sofie De Regel, Tom Rommens, Ke Wang, Philppe Stolz, Rolf Frischknecht, Garvin Heath, and Dwarakanath Ravikumar. Preliminary Environmental and Financial Viability Analysis of Circular Economy Scenarios for Satisfying PV System Service Lifetime. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1832876.

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Bodmer, E., R. E. Fisher, and R. C. Hemphill. Impacts of Western Area Power Administration`s power marketing alternatives on retail electricity rates and utility financial viability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/188608.

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Hall, David. Adaptation Finance: Risks and Opportunities for Aotearoa New Zealand. Mōhio Research and Auckland University of Technology (AUT), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/10292/15670.

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Methodology: This report was developed through the co-design process of Mōhio’s Climate Innovation Lab, a fixed-term initiative which works with stakeholders to envision financial instruments to mobilise capital for climate-aligned projects and activities. A working paper was prepared through international market scanning and a review of primary and secondary literature on climate adaptation. This working paper became the basis for a workshop with local experts and stakeholders to test the viability of potential instruments in light of Aotearoa New Zealand’s unique cultural, biophysical and regulatory context. The workshop included participants from finance services, insurance, institutional investment, academia and local and central government observers. These insights were reincorporated into this final concept paper. Mōhio would like to thank the workshop participants for their time and expertise.
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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, Giulia Vattuone, David Chambers, Andrew Oswald, Max Nathan, and Carmen Villa Llera. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.

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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is the right response a “new settlement” or is some alternative approach likely to be more beneficial? This report puts forward a new perspective on the pandemic-related changes that could be ahead. The central theme is assessing the viability of epochal reform in policymaking. There seems to be a relentless desire for making big changes; however, there is arguably not enough recognition of how current settings and history can hold back these efforts. Foreword by: Dame Frances Cairncross, CBE, FRSE.
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Alonso, María, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Eduardo Moral-Benito, Diana Posada, and Patrocinio Tello-Casas. Un repaso de las diversas iniciativas desplegadas a nivel nacional e internacional para hacer frente a los riesgos de exclusión financiera. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29772.

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Las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios bancarios por parte de determinados grupos de población, especialmente aquellos residentes en zonas rurales y/o de edad avanzada, suponen una fuente de vulnerabilidad ante el riesgo de exclusión financiera de dichos colectivos. Este trabajo ofrece un resumen de las actuaciones desplegadas al objeto de mitigar dichos riesgos en los diferentes países europeos, con especial énfasis en el caso español. Si bien estas iniciativas son de naturaleza diversa y dependen de factores idiosincráticos de cada país, una revisión sistemática de las mismas permite extraer las siguientes conclusiones principales desde una perspectiva comparada. Desde el ámbito de la iniciativa privada, cabe destacar el despliegue en varios países europeos de redes de puntos de acceso al efectivo compartidas por diferentes entidades bancarias, si bien su implantación es, por el momento, relativamente menor en el caso español. Respecto a las iniciativas de colaboración público-privada, tanto en España como en el resto de países europeos, destaca la utilización de los acuerdos entre las entidades bancarias y las empresas de correos, que cuentan con una gran capilaridad en su red de oficinas. Desde el ámbito público, las actuaciones más comúnmente utilizadas se refieren a ayudas para instalar cajeros automáticos en zonas rurales. Por su parte, la regulación de los niveles mínimos de provisión de puntos de acceso al efectivo mediante la acción legislativa solo está vigente en el caso de Suecia, donde el uso de efectivo es tan minoritario que su potencial desaparición supone una amenaza sobre la viabilidad de la infraestructura de efectivo. Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public and private institutions, in order to mitigate these risks in European countries, with special emphasis on Spain. Although these initiatives are diverse in nature and depend on idiosyncratic factors in each country, a systematic review allows the following conclusions to be drawn from a comparative perspective. First, it is worth noting the deployment in several European countries of networks of cash access points shared by different banks, although their implementation is, for the time being, relatively lower in Spain. Second, regarding public-private collaboration initiatives, both in Spain and in other European countries, the use of agreements between banks and post offices, which have well-distributed networks of offices, stands out. Third, the most common public sector initiatives consist of aid for the instalment of ATMs in rural areas. However, legislation regulating minimum provision of cash access points is only in force in Sweden, where the use of cash is so low that its potential disappearance poses a threat to the viability of cash infrastructure.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.

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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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