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Journal articles on the topic 'Financial instruments Australia Accounting'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Thai, Kevin Huu Phat, and Jacqueline Birt. "Do Risk Disclosures Relating to the Use of Financial Instruments Matter? Evidence from the Australian Metals and Mining Sector." International Journal of Accounting 54, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1094406019500173.

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This paper investigates the value relevance of risk disclosures relating to the use of financial instruments in the Australian metals and mining sector. The metals and mining sector is the largest sector in Australia by the number of companies and includes several of the world’s largest diversified resource producers. Using a manually constructed disclosure index based on AASB 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, we find that financial instrument-related risk disclosures provide useful information to equity investors. In terms of individual risk category, liquidity risk is shown to be the most informative risk disclosure. We contribute to a stream of the literature examining the informativeness of risk disclosures. The results of this study have implications for several stakeholders regarding the quality assessment of risk reporting. In addition, the findings are of interest to standard setters since further regulatory changes are under consideration to improve the presentation and disclosure of financial instruments.

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TAN, CHYIWOAN, PHIL HANCOCK, ROSS TAPLIN, and GREG TOWER. "Fair Value Accounting for All Financial Instruments: Perceptions from Managers of Australian Financial Institutions." Australian Accounting Review 15, no. 36 (July 2005): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2005.tb00295.x.

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3

Berkman, Henk, Michael E. Bradbury, Phil Hancock, and Clare Innes. "Derivative financial instrument use in Australia." Accounting and Finance 42, no. 2 (June 2002): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-629x.00069.

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4

Hassan, Mohamat Sabri, Majella Percy, and Jenny Goodwin-Stewart. "The transparency of derivative disclosures by Australian firms in the extractive industries." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 2 (2007): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i2c2p2.

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This paper investigates the transparency of derivative disclosures of Australian firms in the extractive industries using 1998 to 2001 financial reports. The quality of financial reporting has become a major corporate governance issue since the collapse of prominent companies such as Enron in the United States, HIH Insurance in Australia, and, of particular relevance here, Barings PLC in the United Kingdom, where the losses were caused by derivative instruments. Disclosure transparency is an important component of the quality of financial reporting. We measure transparency based on a disclosure index developed from AASB 1033 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Instruments. We examine the relationship between transparency and firm characteristics represented by size, performance, growth opportunities, auditor and type of extractive firm. The results indicate that the transparency of derivative disclosures among firms in the extractive industries has increased over the period. However, there is still evidence of non-compliance with the disclosure requirements, especially in relation to net fair value. We find that firm size, price-earnings ratio and debt-to-equity ratio, and to a lesser extent, market-to-book ratio and profitability are associated with disclosure transparency.

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5

Bärsch, Sven-Eric. "The Definitions of Dividends and Interest Contained in the OECD Model, Actual Tax Treaties, and the German Model." Intertax 42, Issue 6/7 (June 1, 2014): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2014042.

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Tax treaties distinguish between dividends and interest, and entitle recipients of this remuneration derived from financial instruments to different treaty benefits in the source country in particular. Hence, the definitions of dividends and interest for tax treaty purposes are decisive. This article presents and compares these definitions contained in the OECD Model and the tax treaties agreed by Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. It offers an analysis of the definitions of dividends and interest outlined in the German Model and reveals that legal certainty is not fully achieved. Moreover, the German Model does not comprehensively prevent the effect of hybrid mismatch arrangements.

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6

Darus, Faizah, and Dennis Taylor. "Influences of proprietary and political costs on voluntary disclosure relating to financial instruments before and after mandatory requirements." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 4 (2009): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4c3p5.

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The study examines whether the introduction of an accounting standard relating to the disclosure of financial instruments affects voluntary corporate disclosure, and the impact of proprietary and political costs on such disclosure decisions. Using the annual reports of 70 Australian listed companies over a period of 6 years giving 420 firm-year observations, this study investigates the comparative impacts of proprietary and political information costs on management’s voluntary disclosure decisions relating to financial instruments. The regulatory disclosure environment, the impact of proprietary costs (proxy by a firm’s investment growth opportunities) and political costs (proxy by a firm’s probability of financial distress, size of a company and negative media attention) relating to the voluntary disclosure of financial instruments were investigated. Results of this study provide evidence that the mandatory disclosure of non-proprietary information relating to financial instruments has resulted in an increase in the voluntary disclosure of related proprietary information. For the effects of proprietary and political costs, findings from the study suggest that a firm’s growth opportunities are significant in limiting voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in the period prior to regulation. Consistent with political cost hypothesis, legitimacy theory and media agenda-setting theory, the size of a company and high negative media attention are significantly positively related to voluntary corporate disclosure. However, financial distress has no effect on the voluntary disclosure of financial instruments-related information.

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7

Mamouni Limnios, Elena Alexandra, John Watson, Tim Mazzarol, and Geoffrey N. Soutar. "Financial instruments and equity structures for raising capital in co-operatives." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 12, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-01-2013-0006.

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Purpose – A key issue faced by co-operative enterprises is how to raise external equity capital without compromising member control. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of a special type of financial instrument called a Cooperative Capital Unit (CCU) introduced into the Australian legislation to facilitate external investment while maintaining member control. Design/methodology/approach – A Delphi panel and six focus groups were used to provide an understanding of the challenges associated with cooperative governance and financing and to aid the development of a conceptual framework for the implementation of CCUs. Findings – The findings from these Delphi panel and six focus groups were used to develop a proposed framework that the authors believe will be useful in structuring equity-like instruments depending on the purposes they might serve. In particular, the authors propose a new form of cooperative ownership and equity structure that could: better align member and investor interests; provide a mechanism to strengthen one role over the other depending on the needs of the cooperative; and provide investors with a better sense of security while retaining member control. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the cooperative ownership and equity structure proposed in this study are novel and not currently found in theory or practice. The insights provided by this study should, therefore, be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders, including cooperatives; professional advisors to these businesses; government regulators; investors; and researchers.

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8

Konstandatos, Otto. "Fair-value analytical valuation of reset executive stock options consistent with IFRS9 requirements." Annals of Actuarial Science 14, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 188–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499519000125.

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AbstractExecutive stock options (ESOs) are widely used to reward employees and represent major items of corporate liability. The International Accounting Standards Board IFRS9 financial reporting standard which came into full effect on 1-Jan 2018, along with its Australian implementation AASB9, requires public corporations to report their fair-value cost in financial statements. Reset ESOs are typically issued to re-incentivise employees by allowing the option to be cancelled and re-issued with a lower exercise price or later maturity. We produce a novel analytical Reset ESO valuation consistent with the IFRS9 financial reporting standard incorporating the simultaneous resetting of vesting period, exercise window, reset level and maturity. We allow for voluntary and involuntary exercise. Our analytical result is expressed solely in terms of standardised European binary power option instruments. Using the multi-state mortality model of Hariyanto (2014, Mortality and disability modelling with an application to pricing a reverse mortgage contract, PhD thesis, University of Melbourne), we estimate longitudinal disability and death transition probabilities from cross-sectional data. We determine survival functions for pre-vesting forfeiture or post-vesting involuntary exercise for use with weighted portfolios of our formulae to illustrate the effect of survival on the fair value. We examine the IFRS9 method of valuation using expected time to option exercise and demonstrate a consistent overestimation of fair value of up to 27% for senior executives.

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9

Laing, Gregory Kenneth, and Ronald William Perrin. "Attitudes on Financial Reporting Issues: An Australian Study." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v1i1.856.

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The aim of this research was to test the attitudes of professional accountants with regards to financial reporting issues. Given the changes arising from the adoption of the International Accounting Standards the expectation was that problems identified by prior research would have been mitigated. Surveys were conducted of accounting professionals using the questionnaire instrument designed by Francia and Strawser (1971). The data were collated and processed to determine the perceived information deficiency and importance of the various aspects of financial reporting. The major items in which information was considered to be deficient were – timing of revenue recognition, income tax effect accounting, executory contracts and treatment of prior period adjustments. By contrast the most important items were found to be uniformity in financial reporting, income tax effect accounting, use of fair market values, definition of equity versus liability and treatment of prior period adjustments. The findings have implications for the future development of accounting standards. Greater guidance should be given to explaining the practice, applications and consequences of the accounting standards on financial reporting. This paper provides a valuable insight into the perceived deficiencies of information on items that affect financial reporting by accountants in the Australian environment and adds a new perspective to the evaluation of adoption of international accounting standards.

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Dzingirai, Canicio, and Nixon S. Chekenya. "Longevity swaps for longevity risk management in life insurance products." Journal of Risk Finance 21, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-05-2019-0085.

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Purpose The life insurance industry has been exposed to high levels of longevity risk born from the mismatch between realized mortality trends and anticipated forecast. Annuity providers are exposed to extended periods of annuity payments. There are no immediate instruments in the market to counter the risk directly. This paper aims to develop appropriate instruments for hedging longevity risk and providing an insight on how existing products can be tailor-made to effectively immunize portfolios consisting of life insurance using a cointegration vector error correction model with regime-switching (RS-VECM), which enables both short-term fluctuations, through the autoregressive structure [AR(1)] and long-run equilibria using a cointegration relationship. The authors also develop synthetic products that can be used to effectively hedge longevity risk faced by life insurance and annuity providers who actively hold portfolios of life insurance products. Models are derived using South African data. The authors also derive closed-form expressions for hedge ratios associated with synthetic products written on life insurance contracts as this will provide a natural way of immunizing the associated portfolios. The authors further show how to address the current liquidity challenges in the longevity market by devising longevity swaps and develop pricing and hedging algorithms for longevity-linked securities. The use of a cointergrating relationship improves the model fitting process, as all the VECMs and RS-VECMs yield greater criteria values than their vector autoregressive model (VAR) and regime-switching vector autoregressive model (RS-VAR) counterpart’s, even though there are accruing parameters involved. Design/methodology/approach The market model adopted from Ngai and Sherris (2011) is a cointegration RS-VECM for this enables both short-term fluctuations, through the AR(1) and long-run equilibria using a cointegration relationship (Johansen, 1988, 1995a, 1995b), with a heteroskedasticity through the use of regime-switching. The RS-VECM is seen to have the best fit for Australian data under various model selection criteria by Sherris and Zhang (2009). Harris (1997) (Sajjad et al., 2008) also fits a regime-switching VAR model using Australian (UK and US) data to four key macroeconomic variables (market stock indices), showing that regime-switching is a significant improvement over autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) processes in the account for volatility, evidence similar to that of Sherris and Zhang (2009) in the case of Exponential Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ERCH). Ngai and Sherris (2011) and Sherris and Zhang (2009) also fit a VAR model to Australian data with simultaneous regime-switching across many economic and financial series. Findings The authors develop a longevity swap using nighttime data instead of usual income measures as it yields statistically accurate results. The authors also develop longevity derivatives and annuities including variable annuities with guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) and inflation-indexed annuities. Improved market and mortality models are developed and estimated using South African data to model the underlying risks. Macroeconomic variables dependence is modeled using a cointegrating VECM as used in Ngai and Sherris (2011), which enables both short-run dependence and long-run equilibrium. Longevity swaps provide protection against longevity risk and benefit the most from hedging longevity risk. Longevity bonds are also effective as a hedging instrument in life annuities. The cost of hedging, as reflected in the price of longevity risk, has a statistically significant effect on the effectiveness of hedging options. Research limitations/implications This study relied on secondary data partly reported by independent institutions and the government, which may be biased because of smoothening, interpolation or extrapolation processes. Practical implications An examination of South Africa’s mortality based on industry experience in comparison to population mortality would demand confirmation of the analysis in this paper based on Belgian data as well as other less developed economies. This study shows that to provide inflation-indexed life annuities, there is a need for an active market for hedging inflation in South Africa. This would demand the South African Government through the help of Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA) to issue inflation-indexed securities which will help annuities and insurance providers immunize their portfolios from longevity risk. Social implications In South Africa, there is an infant market for inflation hedging and no market for longevity swaps. The effect of not being able to hedge inflation is guaranteed, and longevity swaps in annuity products is revealed to be useful and significant, particularly using developing or emerging economies as a laboratory. This study has shown that government issuance or allowing issuance, of longevity swaps, can enable insurers to manage longevity risk. If the South African Government, through ASSA, is to develop a projected mortality reference index for South Africa, this would allow the development of mortality-linked securities and longevity swaps which ultimately maximize the social welfare of life assurance policy holders. Originality/value The paper proposes longevity swaps and static hedging because they are simple, less costly and practical with feasible applications to the South African market, an economy of over 50 million people. As the market for MLS develops further, dynamic hedging should become possible.

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11

Hu, Ceelsan, Parmod Chand, and Elaine Evans. "The Effect of National Culture, Acculturation, and Education on Accounting Judgments: A Comparative Study of Australian and Chinese Culture." Journal of International Accounting Research 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-50507.

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ABSTRACT We examine the influence of national culture on the judgments of Australian and Chinese tertiary accounting students when they are interpreting selected International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) that contain uncertainty expressions. To extend prior cross-cultural research, we also examine whether cultural values of individuals can change because of acculturation and accounting education, and measure their potential impact on accounting judgment. The results provide strong support for the notion that Chinese accounting students are more conservative than Australian accounting students in assigning probabilities to in-context uncertainty expressions contained in IFRSs. A unique finding of this study is that the cultural values of individuals can change because of acculturation and accounting education, and this could potentially improve the comparability of financial reports by moderating differences in the interpretation of accounting standards caused by cultural differences between accountants. Data Availability: The complete version of the research instrument is available from the second author.

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12

MILTZ, D., and P. SERCU. "ACCOUNTING FOR NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 20, no. 2 (January 1993): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1993.tb00665.x.

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13

Rimaben A, Kalola, and Chauhan Lalit R. "Accounting Standard (AS) 30 Accounting for Financial Instruments." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2012/2.

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14

Druzhilovskaya, T. Y. "Financial Instruments accounting: innovations, problems, solutions." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 7 (July 25, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2207-02.

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Recently, the importance of such objects as financial instruments has increased in the activities of Russian organizations of various forms of ownership and various industries (including healthcare). This necessitates a realistic accounting of these objects. In turn, for the implementation of realistic accounting, carefully developed rules are required, which are laid down in regulatory documents on accounting. In the system of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) there are a number of standards containing regulations for the accounting of financial instruments. Despite the fact that the Russian system of accounting standards (RAS) has long been in the process of being reformed based on international standards, the area of accounting for financial instruments is still not sufficiently regulated. At the same time, the program for the development of Russian federal accounting standards (FSBU) involves a number of changes in existing regulatory accounting documents, as well as the creation of new accounting standards. In this regard, it is of interest to analyze the FSBU Project “Financial Instruments” presented for discussion, developed by the Accounting Development Fund “National Non-State Accounting Regulator “Accounting Methodological Center” (Foundation “NRBU “BMC”). The study of the regulations of this FSBU “Financial Instruments” Project is carried out in this article. The research methods were comparison, analysis, synthesis, grouping method, systemic and logical approaches. As a result of the study, the article substantiates the positive aspects of the FSBU “Financial Instruments” Project, identifies some of its shortcomings, substantiates the value of this regulatory document for realizing the goal of reliable accounting of financial instruments.

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15

Hancock, Phil. "Accounting For Financial Instruments: An Overview." Australian Accounting Review 4, no. 8 (November 1994): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1994.tb00153.x.

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16

Holzmann, Oscar J., and Tom Robinson. "Accounting for certain hybrid financial instruments." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 17, no. 5 (2006): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20236.

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17

Druzhilovskaya, T. Yu, and N. A. Dobrolyubov. "Methodological approaches to accounting for financial instruments: Current issues and advisable solutions." International Accounting 23, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 604–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.6.604.

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Subject. The article discusses the way financial instruments are accounted for, and related issues. Objectives. We outline our recommendations to address problems concerning the financial instruments accounting technique. Methods. The study involves a critical analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, analogies. Results. We prove the inadequacy of the regulatory framework for accounting for financial instruments of the Russian non-credit institutions. As discussed in the scientific literature on accounting for financial instruments, advisable methodological approaches were found to vary significantly. We justify our recommendations on addressing challenging issues of accounting for non-derivative and derivative financial instruments and provide our suggestions on accounting for financial assets qualified as cash equivalents, advice on separate accounting and recognition of financial liabilities, recognition of financial derivatives in accounts. Conclusions and Relevance. Currently, Russia's regulations govern only some issues of accounting for financial instruments. There are plenty of accounting aspects concerning derivative and non-derivative financial instruments that remain unregulated. As proposed in the scientific literature on accounting for financial instruments, methodological approaches significantly differ. International standards do not exhaustively govern complicated issues of accounting for financial instruments. Thus, research on accounting for financial instruments should continue. It is important to promote the regulatory framework for financial instruments accounting as long as a set of the Russian accounting standards are revised. The findings are of applied and theoretical nature for financial accounting.

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POSADNEVA, E. M. "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AS AN OBJECT OF ACCOUNTING." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, no. 4 (2021): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.04.022.

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In accordance with the requirements of financial reporting, development and adaptation of the Financial Instruments standard. These differences exist with PBU 19/2 «Accounting for financial investments».

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Plotnikova, O. V., M. V. Bezhan, and V. A. Moskaleva. "Accounting for financial instruments in lease transactions." Международный бухгалтерский учет 20, no. 10 (May 29, 2017): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.20.10.563.

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20

DRUZHILOVSKAYA, Tat'yana Yu, and Nikolai A. DOBROLYUBOV. "A methodology of accounting for derivative instruments: Challenges and solutions." International Accounting 25, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 486–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.25.5.486.

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Subject. This article discusses the problems associated with the methodology of accounting for derivative financial instruments of non-financial organizations. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for solving these problems. Methods. For the study, we used a critical analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, and the analog approach. Results. The article shows the insufficiency of regulation of accounting for derivative financial instruments of Russian non-financial organizations, and it reveals significant differences in the interpretation of the economic essence of derivative financial instruments and the recommended methodological approaches to their valuation and accounting in the scientific literature. The article offers author-developed recommendations for solving problematic issues of accounting for derivative financial instruments of Russian non-financial organizations. Conclusions and Relevance. The current Russian accounting standards for non-financial organizations do not contain regulations on the accounting for derivative financial instruments. It is necessary to develop appropriate regulatory documents. The interpretation of the economic essence of derivative financial instruments, methodological approaches to their evaluation and accounting, proposed in the scientific literature, differ significantly. The results obtained have both applied and theoretical applications in the field of financial accounting.

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Abdel‐khalik, A. Rashad. "Failing Faithful Representations of Financial Statements: Issues in Reporting Financial Instruments." Abacus 55, no. 4 (December 2019): 676–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/abac.12176.

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Lukova, Olha. "IDENTIFICATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AS AN OBJECT OF ACCOUNTING." Economics & Education 6, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-2-8.

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Financial instruments, which appeared in the international arena of accounting regulations in October 1986, are still considered one of the most complex objects of accounting. The difficulties of their accounting recording are often associated with a complicated regulation of the relevant issue within international and national standards for accounting and financial reporting. At the same time, one ignores the fact that these specific objects of accounting have been used in the economy much earlier than their accounting regulations are formed. Not least important is the aspect that financial instruments have a contractual nature, which determines the dependence of their identification as an object of accounting on professional judgment. The purpose of the research is to cover the preconditions for the emergence of financial instruments in the accounting system and elucidate the reasons for the complexity of their identification as an object of accounting. The subject of the research is the theoretical background of the identification of financial instruments as an object of accounting. This research has theoretical nature that predetermined a set of methods for its conducting, as follows: analysis – to distinguish between the industrial, financial, and digital epochs and establish the relevance of financial instruments to them; abstraction and comparison – to clarify the peculiarities, common and distinctive features of accounting recording of financial instruments in the production, financial and digital eras; graphical method – to visualize the sequence of the emergence of the financial instruments in accounting and the identified contradictions when recording them in the balance sheet. The application of the mentioned methodology allowed elucidating the prerequisites for the emergence of financial instruments in accounting and specifying the reasons for the complexity to identify financial assets, financial liabilities, and equity instruments as objects of accounting. Approaches, which have been formed in the accounting system during the predominance of assets of the real economy, do not undergo the necessary transformations and adaptations to the objects that represent a virtual component of the economy. Moreover, the balance sheet as the basic form of financial reporting of any enterprise still reflects the production era, which gave way to the financial and digital ones.

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Kanapinova, Saule S., and Olesya V. Plotnikova. "Derivative financial instruments: options in the accounting of non-financial organizations." Siberian Financial School, no. 2 (September 8, 2022): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386--2022-2-242-247.

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The problems of accounting for derivative financial instruments, in particular, options, due to their complexity and uncertainty in the legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation for accounting in non-financial organizations, are practically not considered, while a number of regulations are devoted to accounting for derivative financial instruments by non-credit financial organizations. In the article, the authors considered it necessary to raise the issue and determine approaches to solving the problem of reflecting transactions with options in the accounting of non-financial organizations. In solving this issue, the authors proceeded from the concept of accounting for contractual obligations, which requires the reflection of the underlying asset in an unchanged fair value measurement, and when market conditions change, it is reflected through other comprehensive income of a non-financial organization.

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Lukova, Olha. "Accounting Identification of Agricultural Receipts as Financial Instruments." Oblik i finansi, no. 4(94) (2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-4(94)-30-38.

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Agricultural receipts are a particular financial instrument with industry specifics and are used exclusively by agricultural producers. However, not all types of agricultural receipts are always financial instruments. The purpose of the article is to reveal the accounting nature of the agricultural receipt as a financial instrument to avoid the risks of the accumulation of information in erroneously defined accounting sections. The study results show that approaches to accounting for commodity and financial agricultural receipts should be distinguished. It was proved that regardless of whether an agricultural receipt is issued in exchange for goods or money, it cannot be identified as a financial instrument because it provides for settlement by receiving (supplying) a non-financial asset. At the same time, the financial agricultural receipt meets the criteria of the financial instrument. So it should be reflected in the accounting by the rules set out in the relevant National Accounting Standard. Based on the analysis of subspecies of financial agricultural receipt, it was established that its variable accounting nature is manifested in the fact that depending on the terms of the contract and in exchange for which such an agricultural receipt was issued, it can be recognised in accounting repayable financial assistance (loan), accounts payable for goods (works or services) or derivative financial instruments. Recognition of a financial agricultural receipt as a derivative requires careful consideration of each embedded component and evaluation of the contractual relationship to determine the change (or lack thereof) in the asset's fair value or liability at each reporting date. The identified features of agricultural receipts as accounting objects must be considered in the formation of accounting policies of the enterprise and the implementation of expert verification of accounting records of transactions with such financial instruments.

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25

Coetsee, Daniël. "Debating the methodologies of accounting for financial and non-financial contracts." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v1i2.364.

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This article adds value to the accounting debate on the different methodologies of accounting for financial and non-financial contracts in the current and proposed new accounting pronouncements of the IASB. The paper demonstrates that significant differences exist between the recognition and measurements of non-financial contracts in terms of the traditional accrual basis of accounting and financial contracts in terms of the so-called contractual basis of accounting applied for financial instruments, even though the accounting for financial instruments is seen as an extension of the traditional accrual basis of accounting. The current IASB’s projects on liabilities, revenue recognition and the conceptual framework seem to eliminate certain differences between the two methodologies, but also raise new issues on the debate of the methodologies to account for financial and non-financial contracts.

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Malaquias, Rodrigo Fernandes, and Pablo Zambra. "Complexity in accounting for derivatives." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2017-0192.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of accountants in relation to the complexity of accounting for financial instruments and in relation to the disclosure of financial instruments in annual reports. Both aspects are relevant for the external users, and for the firms’ internal management. Design/methodology/approach The database comprises questionnaires answered by accountants from Brazil and Chile. Data were analyzed based on reliability statistics and multivariate regression analysis. Findings The main results indicate that accountants perceive the accounting for derivatives, hedge accounting, fair value measurement of financial instruments and the respective disclosure of these operations as a complex issue. These findings are interesting considering that there are detailed accounting standards relating to financial instruments. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that education and gender affect the perception of complexity about accounting of derivatives. Practical implications Findings from this research show that accountants do perceive derivatives as complex items for accounting, particularly accounting for hedges. Social implications The results can motivate some initiatives for training activities and for teaching academic content about financial instruments in undergraduate courses. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that tests some personal characteristics of accountants (namely, professional experience, education and gender), in contrast to their perceptions about complexity of accounting for derivatives.

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Lukova, Olha. "Expert Verification of Accounting Information on Financial Instruments for Solving Economic Crimes." Accounting and Finance, no. 1(91) (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-1(91)-101-114.

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Accounting data on transactions with financial instruments is an important source of information when conducting economic examinations to uncover economic crimes, the share of which is steadily growing every year. The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological components of expert verification of accounting information on financial instruments for solving economic crimes. The study used internal materials of the Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise. It has been proved that the cause of an offense in the use of financial instruments can be not only selfish motives, but also insufficient professional knowledge of accounting rules, which determines the relevance of expert verification of accounting for such objects. The analysis of the dynamics of requests for expertise was performed. The structure of the circumstances was detected under which the expertise of issues related to the accounting of transactions of agricultural enterprises with financial instruments was initiated. The subject structure of the conducted examinations was revealed. The sources of obtaining information used for the examination of accounting of transactions of agricultural enterprises with financial instruments have been identified. The procedures for the examination of accounting of transactions of agricultural enterprises with financial instruments have been systematized. Typical deviations have been determined that can be identified as a result of the examination of accounting for transactions of agricultural enterprises with financial instruments. The implementation of the methodological components of the expert verification of accounting information on financial instruments indicated by the author ensures the formation of more substantiated conclusions about the legality of transactions with financial instruments, and respectively, it contributes to the disclosure of economic crimes.

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Rówińska, Małgorzata. "CONTRADICTIONS OF POLISH ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS ABOUT FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse Rynki Finansowe Ubezpieczenia 88 (2017): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2017.88/1-18.

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Linsmeier, Thomas J. "Financial Reporting and Financial Crises: The Case for Measuring Financial Instruments at Fair Value in the Financial Statements." Accounting Horizons 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-10024.

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SYNOPSIS The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2010) proposes that all financial instruments be measured at fair value in the financial statements. This commentary provides one Board member's reasoning for supporting this proposal, which is based on (1) evidence that the amortized cost model failed to provide timely information about the deteriorating financial condition of failed banks in the current financial crisis, (2) lessons learned from prior financial crises affecting financial institutions in the United States and Japan, and (3) research evidence indicating that fair value measures are most highly correlated with banks' exposures to interest rate and credit risk—two key risk exposures that have led to bank failures in the three most recent financial crises.

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Forfar, D. O., and N. B. Masters. "Developing an International Accounting Standard for Life Assurance Business." British Actuarial Journal 5, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 621–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000635.

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ABSTRACTThere is currently no international standard for profit reporting in life insurance companies. The paper sets out the issues which an international standard for life companies will need to address, bearing in mind compatibility with existing International Accounting Standards, in particular IAS 32 Financial Instruments: disclosure and presentation, IAS Exposure Draft E62 (now IAS 39); Financial instruments; recognition and measurement and the discussion paper of March 1997 prepared by the Steering Committee on Financial Instruments entitled ‘Accounting for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities’. The paper discusses possible approaches to the issues which arise and comments on each, ending with some final conclusions.

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Howieson, Bryan, and Phillip Hancock. "Accounting for Risk in Financial Instruments: A Review of Accounting Standards." Managerial Finance 21, no. 1 (January 1995): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb018495.

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Umantsiv, Halyna, Vladyslav Novikov, and Oleksandra Nikolaiets. "Financial risk management in the accounting system." VUZF Review 6, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.4.08.

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The article is devoted to the study of financial instruments in conditions of economic uncertainty. Based on a study of national and international statistics and theoretical resources related to the restructuring of socio-economic and geopolitical ties, due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its implications for accounting for financial instruments and disclosure of financial statements in accordance with International Financial Standards Reporting. A combination of factors such as rising unemployment, falling demand for goods, bans and restrictions on doing business, severance of international ties, reorientation of markets to domestic consumption, rising risks of bankruptcy and default have led to the formation of economic uncertainty, which is most threatened by business initiative. Economic uncertainty, which gradually changes from sudden to prolonged, has a direct impact on the business activity of enterprises, in particular, on their financial instruments. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has become a great challenge for participants in economic relations, who during the years of stability have managed to get used to stable market relations. The pandemic, which humanity has been struggling with for almost two years, has affected the entire system of social relations. At the beginning of the deployment of anti-epidemiological measures, the world economy was not ready to distance the production process. Economic indicators, which are an indicator of the development of individual states, demonstrate the vulnerability of sustainable socio-economic relations that existed before the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential impact of the coronavirus outbreak on financial instruments has been assessed in such areas as increased expected credit losses, modification of financial assets and liabilities, losses under financial guarantee agreements accounted for in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and reduced hedge effectiveness.

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Aladwan, Mohammad. "Accounting Measurement Revolution and Market Value." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n11p279.

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The study is aims to examine whether the adoption of accounting measurement of AIS/IFRS standards has resulted in more relevant financial information for decision making or not. This study examines the use of fair value measurement on value of financial instruments to capture if there is any effect on the market value of financial companies. Ohlson (1995) framework has been employed to investigate this relationship. The Jordanian financial sector was the sample for the study during the years from 2012 to 2016. Our study findings, based on the results of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that, market value of Jordanian financial companies is significantly positively related to financial instruments measured by fair values. The final result assured that; the new accounting measurements methods such as fair values are value relevant for Jordanian financial companiesduring all period of the study.

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Druzhilovskaya, T. Y., and N. A. Dobrolyubov. "Influence of accounting rules for financial instruments on indicators of economic analysis." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 9 (September 22, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2209-03.

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Accounting of any object provides information to reflect this object in the financial statements. Indicators of financial statements serve as the basis for calculating indicators of economic analysis, allowing to give an objective assessment of the activities of organizations. At the same time, changes made to accounting standards may lead to changes in the accounting rules for certain items. This may affect the value of these objects in the reporting, which in turn may lead to changes in the value of certain indicators of economic analysis. The value of the objects reflected in the statements may also be influenced by the organization’s choice of one or another option for accounting for the object permitted by accounting standards. This article examines the impact on the indicators of economic analysis of the rules for accounting for financial instruments of organizations. The significance of these objects in the modern activities of organizations, including healthcare organizations, is steadily increasing. At the same time, the rules for accounting for financial instruments can currently be changed (this is evidenced by the Russian accounting reform program). There are also problems in the choice of options for accounting for financial instruments by organizations on the basis of existing accounting standards. All this may affect the calculation of economic analysis indicators, including the values of financial instruments. This determines the relevance of studying the dependence of economic analysis indicators on the value of financial instruments formed in the reporting of organizations. The research methods were comparison, analysis, synthesis, grouping method, systemic and logical approaches. As a result of the study, the aspects of accounting of financial instruments that affect the indicators of economic analysis have been identified, and this influence has been systematized.

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Martínez Laguna, Félix Daniel. "Institutional Hybrid Financial Instruments and Double Non-taxation under Domestic Rules and Tax Treaty Law: The Example of Spain." Intertax 44, Issue 6/7 (June 1, 2016): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2016037.

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Attention has been paid to double non-taxation resulting from contractual hybrid financial instruments, which are instruments that share debt and equity features in their very design. This article focuses on a specific Institutional Hybrid Financial Instrument instead. Institutional Hybrid Financial Instruments are equity instruments that could equally lead to conflicts of qualification and double non-taxation considering certain level of legal deductibility from a tax perspective according to a tax policy decision. The analysis deals with the application of the Spanish exemption method to Brazilian Juros sobre o Capital Próprio from a domestic law and tax treaty perspective. Moreover, the implementation of linking rules and its implications regarding hybrid financial instruments are also under consideration.

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Ryska, J., and A. Valder. "Fair value in financial accounting." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5442-agricecon.

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By progression of the expanding use of the International Accounting Standards, fair value is being pushed ahead instead of standard historical costs. The extension of the International Accounting Standards for financial instruments and long-term assets leads to the publishing of real net income of the enterprise. The necessity to express the fair values of assets for accountancy places specialists of this profession in a new position of professionals having a common language with investors. This trend started deepening when the International Valuation Standards Committee began to co-operate with the International Accounting Standards Committee more closely. This caused the harmonization of basic terms used for valuation of property.

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WHITTRED, GREG. "The Evolution of Consolidated Financial Reporting in Australia." Abacus 22, no. 2 (September 1986): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.1986.tb00129.x.

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Ksendzuk, V., and I. Tralo. "Valuation of financial instruments at fair value in accounting." BULLETIN OF KHARKIV NATION AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V.V.DOKUCHAYEVA. SERIES "ECONOMIC SCIENCES", no. 2 (2019): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2312-3427-2019-2-468.

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김확열 and Choi,Sang-Moon. "A Study on Financial Instruments Accounting Standards in China." Korea International Accounting Review ll, no. 18 (June 2007): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21073/kiar.2007..18.017.

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Bashkatov, V. V., E. R. Minakov, and N. A. Sarkisova. "BASIC ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS." Вестник Алтайской академии экономики и права 1, no. 8 2020 (2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/vaael.1251.

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41

Jackson, Patricia, and David Lodge. "Fair value accounting and the future of financial instruments." Balance Sheet 8, no. 5 (October 2000): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005376.

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42

Deakin, Mark. "The financial instruments of capital accounting in local authorities." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 17, no. 1 (March 1999): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635789910252927.

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43

Moore, Richard. "Accounting for financial instruments under IAS: The European dimension." Balance Sheet 10, no. 1 (March 2002): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09657960210697364.

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Strouhal, Jiří, Carmen Giorgiana Bonaci, and Dumitru Matis. "Fair Value Accounting for Financial Instruments: An Historical Perspective." International Advances in Economic Research 15, no. 4 (June 25, 2009): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-009-9220-0.

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45

Parks, James T. "Accounting winds of change—new accounting rules for financial instruments are coming." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 2, no. 2 (1990): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.3970020202.

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46

Kuz’min, A. Yu. "Procedure for Separate Accounting of Interest and Exchange Rate Components of the Fair Value of a Set of Financial Instruments: IFRS." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 5 (November 24, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-5-56-64.

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The research considers the development of the principles of separate accounting and analysis of the interest and exchange rate components of the fair value of a set of financial instruments under the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The aim of the work is to consider a practical situation with a deferred payment for financial instruments received under an agreement, while the participants of the scheme hedged economic transactions using derivative financial instruments. Here, from the standpoint of accounting and analytics, the mechanism of separation of interest and exchange rate elements, which directly affect the fair value of the forward contract, is of significant importance. It also related this to the requirements of IFRS standards. The research has developed a procedure for separate accounting of these financial components. In particular, it has worked out an algorithm for accounting and mathematical evaluation of exchange rate differences when hedging cash flows of debt instruments with currency forwards. The methodological base of the research includes dynamic situational analysis, system analysis, models of financial mathematics, analytical procedures of the modern theory of financial accounting. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the development of scientific and applied tools based on accounting and process models and evaluation algorithms. The accounting can use the developed procedures, analytical and audit services of banks and corporations in preparing and analyzing financial statements under IFRS.

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Cheung, Joseph K., and Richard Chung. "Valuation of complex financial instruments via basic components." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 7, no. 2 (September 1996): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00243976.

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Zheng, Jiaying. "A Brief Analysis of Derivative Financial Instrument Accounting and China's Countermeasures." Finance and Market 4, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v4i2.1602.

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<p>In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, derivative financial instruments are more widely used in China's enterprises. This paper studies the accounting for derivative financial instruments, which brings great challenges and risks to the development of many enterprises because of its high stakes and high returns. Therefore, to deal with the challenges, China should reformulate accounting confirmation standards, adopt a variety of value measurement, improve accounting statements, strengthen the accounting supervision of derivative instruments risks and other scientific and effective coping strategies.</p><br />

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Fargher, Neil. "Management Perceptions of Fair-Value Accounting for all Financial Instruments." Australian Accounting Review 11, no. 25 (November 2001): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2001.tb00188.x.

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Ryan, Stephen G., Robert H. Herz, Teresa E. Iannaconni, Laureen A. Maines, Krishna Palepu, Catherine M. Schrand, Douglas J. Skinner, and Linda Vincent. "Reporting Fair Value Interest and Value Changes on Financial Instruments." Accounting Horizons 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.3.259.

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