Academic literature on the topic 'Financial institutions – united states – management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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Calomiris, Charles W., and Mark Carlson. "Restoring confidence in troubled financial institutions after a financial crisis." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-044 (July 2022): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.044.
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After an unprecedented number of banks suspended operations in the during Panic of 1893, the head regulator of banks chartered by the United States government allowed about 100 banks to reopen after certifying their solvency. We evaluate whether actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad assets, and/or inject capital affected bank survival and deposit retention. This historical episode is particularly informative because there was no expectation of government intervention. We find that contracting with depositors provided short-term benefits while dealing with bad assets was key for long-run viability.
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Wadhwani, R. Daniel. "The Institutional Foundations of Personal Finance: Innovation in U.S. Savings Banks, 1880s–1920s." Business History Review 85, no. 3 (2011): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051100078x.
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The system of personal finance that developed in the United States was more fragmented than comparative arrangements in most industrializing countries, where savings banks had become large, diversified financial institutions. The federalist political structure of the U.S., combined with lobbying by existing intermediaries, inhibited the establishment of a centralized public provider of financial services for households such as emerged elsewhere. Moreover, the United States did not develop strong, diversified savings institutions at the local level, due in part to regulations that stifled innovation by savings banks and in part to the risk-averse organizational culture of the banks themselves. These factors enabled the proliferation of specialized intermediaries that aggressively marketed new financial services to households and facilitated the growth of new patterns of financial behavior among ordinary Americans.
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Paul, Efijemue Oghenekome, Obunadike Callistus, Olisah Somtobe, Taiwo Esther, Kizor-Akaraiwe Somto, Odooh Clement, and Ifunanya Ejimofor. "Cybersecurity Strategies for Safeguarding Customer’s Data and Preventing Financial Fraud in the United States Financial Sectors." International Journal on Soft Computing 14, no. 3 (August 27, 2023): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsc.2023.14301.
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As the financial sectors in the United States deal with expanding cyberthreats and a rising danger of financial crime, cybersecurity has become a top priority. This paper examines the crucial cybersecurity techniques used by financial institutions to protect client information and counter the growing risk of financial fraud. It proves that understanding common fraud tactics used to defraud financial institutions and customers, putting fraud detection and prevention techniques like anomaly detection and machine learning into practice, and using transaction monitoring and anti-money laundering tactics to spot and stop fraudulent activity are all necessary for preventing financial fraud. The paper begins by reviewing the common cyber dangers affecting the financial industry and the strategies used by cybercriminals to circumvent security precautions and take advantage of weaknesses. After looking at potential risks, the paper highlights the importance of proactive cybersecurity measures and risk mitigation techniques. It highlights crucial components of cybersecurity frameworks, including strong data encryption, multifactor authentication, intrusion detection systems, and ongoing security monitoring. This paper also emphasizes the value of educating and training financial institution staff members to increase cybersecurity resilience. It underlines the significance of building a strong security culture, educating personnel about potential dangers, and encouraging responsible management of client data. The study also explores the advantages of financial organizations working together and exchanging threat knowledge. It examines industry alliances, information-sharing platforms, and public-private partnerships as crucial methods for group protection against cyber threats. This paper highlighted the significance of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cybersecurity domain. It demonstrates how these technologies improve cybersecurity systems' capabilities by spotting irregularities and potential attacks. It emphasizes the significance of taking a proactive and dynamic strategy to securing client information and maintaining faith in the United States’ financial sectors. Overall, this paper provides a thorough overview of cybersecurity tactics crucial for protecting consumer data and avoiding financial fraud in the financial sectors across the United States. By taking a vigilant, team-based, and technology-driven strategy, financial institutions may strengthen their cyber defenses, protect the data of their clients, and defend the integrity of the financial system.
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Levytska, Svitlana, Nataliia Ostapiuk, Olena Tsiatkovska, Maryna Resler, and Olena Mykhalska. "State institution non-financial asset audit strategy development." Economics of Development 23, no. 2 (May 6, 2024): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.57111/econ/2.2024.57.
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The aim of the study was to determine optimal strategies and methods for improving audit activities in the field of management of non-financial assets of public institutions. Audit reports, financial statements of state institutions, the legal framework for audit activities and information on asset management strategies were used in the study. The study results demonstrate that effective and objective control over assets ensures financial discipline, optimises costs and complies with legal requirements. The study discusses the traditional, risk-based and integrated approaches to asset auditing, as well as the importance of an integrated audit approach that considers not only financial indicators but also non-financial aspects that affect the performance of an institution. The real situation in Ukraine is addressed and compared with other countries, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Brazil and Hungary. The study noted that the development of the audit of non-financial assets of public institutions is a complex and dynamic process that occurs on constant changes in legislation and requirements of international standards. In addition, the challenges and problems faced by auditors auditing non-financial assets of government agencies are highlighted. It is proposed to expand the concept of audit effectiveness from the “3E” to the “9E”, which provides a deeper assessment of performance, covering various factors. Based on the study, the key areas of the strategy for auditing non-financial assets of public institutions, including improving the audit system, identifying and managing risks and introducing modern technologies, were formulated. These findings are valuable for auditors, financial managers, civil servants and resource management experts as they provide practical recommendations for improving audit performance and the efficient use of non-financial assets
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Comizio, V. Gerard, Behnam Dayanim, and Laura Bain. "Cybersecurity as a global concern in need of global solutions: an overview of financial regulatory developments in 2015." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose To provide financial institutions an overview of the developments in cybersecurity regulation of financial institutions during 2015 by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, as well as guidance for developing effective cyber-risk management programs in light of evolving cyber-threats and cyber-regulatory expectations. Design/methodology/approach Reviews US, UK and EU regulatory developments in the cybersecurity area and provides several best practice tips financial institutions should consider and implement to improve their cybersecurity compliance programs. Findings While cyber-threats and financial regulators’ expectations for cyber-security are constantly evolving, recent guidance and enforcement efforts by the US, UK and EU illustrate the need for financial institutions to develop effective cybersecurity programs that address current regulatory compliance requirements and prepare for emergency cyber responses. Practical implications Financial institutions should utilize the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Cybersecurity Assessment Tool to assess their cyber-risk profile and cyber-preparedness. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced financial regulatory and privacy lawyers that provides a survey of the current regulatory environment and recommendations for cyber-security compliance.
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O’Sullivan, Patrick John. "Regulatory relationships and incentives: from Riggs Bank to HSBC." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2016-0041.
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Purpose The aim of the paper is to examine what type of relationship existed between the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and Riggs Bank in respect of anti-money laundering (AML) compliance. Different commentators have established certain trends in the interaction between a regulator and a regulated entity, and this paper seeks to apply these findings to the relationship between the OCC and Riggs Bank and ascertain where this example lies in the wider domain of regulatory relationships. The paper then examines whether the relationship between the OCC and HSBC United States was similar to the one between the OCC and Riggs Bank or did the regulator adopt a more aggressive supervisory stance. Throughout this work, there is also a focus on the underlying incentives which may adversely affect how a financial institution interacts with a financial regulator and possible solutions to this problem proposed. Design/methodology/approach Research undertaken by commentators was assessed and their findings as the different regulatory relationships that may develop between a regulator and a regulated entity were applied to the interactions between the OCC and two different financial institutions, namely, Riggs Bank and HSBC United States. Examples from the Senate Subcommittee Reports into the AML failings into these financial institutions were examined through the prism of pre-existing regulatory relationship categories. Findings The paper ultimately concludes that the OCC was far too passive in its interactions with both Riggs Bank and HSBC United States and that the primary underlying motivations for both institutions were profit- rather than compliance-led. Research limitations/implications One of the main limitations to this research was the absence of direct input from either personnel from the banking sector in the USA or of regulators from the same jurisdiction. Practical implications This paper proposes a number of practical solutions to recast the relationship between financial regulators and regulated institutions away from the former deferring to the latter to one where the former dictates to the latter. Originality/value This paper seeks to examine an actual regulatory relationship between a financial regulator and two different institutions that is reported in the public domain by applying pre-existing academic research on question of regulatory relationships and see how the practice differs or corresponds with the theory.
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Burns, James, and Kimberly Beattie Saunders. "SEC fines non-US entities for unregistered cross-border brokerage and advisory activities." Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2017-0002.
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Purpose To explain a settlement involving a foreign financial institution, its non-US subsidiaries, and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that reveals an SEC focus on policing the activities of foreign firms that reach into the United States and helps further define the scope of activities that require registration under the federal securities laws. Design/methodology/approach Provides insight into a recent area of focus for SEC regulators and introduces the potential regulatory implications for non-US firms with activities that reach into the United States. Findings Given the SEC’s current enforcement focus, it is critical that financial institutions take care to conduct their activities with an understanding of the regulatory requirements associated with the provision of brokerage and advisory services to US clients and customers – including, for many firms, registration as an investment adviser, broker-dealer, or both. Originality/value Practical regulatory guidance regarding SEC registration requirements that may reach non-US firms from experienced financial services lawyers specializing in asset management.
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Al-Salahat, Sami Muhammad. "Financial Sustainability Criteria for Waqf Institutions: Harvard University as a Model." مجلة إسرا الدولية للمالية الإسلامية 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijifarabic.v10i1.256.
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This study seeks to highlight the best of the Western models in the field of university endowments. It is a model that has been ensconced at the top of the educational pyramid in the United States and Europe for decades. This is due to the management, the investment methodologies and board policies adopted in this model regarding its holdings, investments and disbursements during the past decade. The exemplar of this model is Harvard University, one of the strongest scientific and academic universities in the United States of America; in fact, in the world. It is renowned for its academic strength and financial independence thanks to its endowments, which continue to manifest clear, strong growth. There is no doubt that the approach adopted by the University during the past decade has been very clear, especially in the area of protecting its endowment assets and in reducing expected losses in the area of investments of its endowment assets. This has been done by adopting the investment methodology and performance policies of the Governing Council, in addition to the exceptional performance of its arm for attracting new endowment assets and donations over the last decade. To discuss this experience, the research looks at the financial sustainability criteria adopted by the University to preserve its endowment assets and how the University deals with the risks that beset them. It has itself suffered several investment losses in its endowment assets, as is evident from the company's annual investment management reports. In addition, the University's endowment governance structure with regard to transparency, governance, and internal and external monitoring of its financial assets are discussed. There is no doubt that Harvard’s endowment experience has been pursuant to the endowment activity that has prevailed in several American and European universities, as well as those of Canada, Japan, Singapore and other countries. However, the most prominent and best in performance and investment are the American universities, which have benefited from the legislation in the United States in support of the phenomenon of endowments for the benefit of university education. The study will be limited to Harvard University, while taking into consideration the practical factors that led to the rise of the educational endowment phenomenon in the American university sector in the last two decades. This is approached through two subtopics. The first comprises the most prominent indicators of financial safety of endowment entities. The second is Harvard University Endowments as a model for financial sustainability.
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Yang, Weiyi. "Global Financial Crisis and Risk Management." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 35, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/35/20231732.
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This paper explores the 2008 financial crisis. It looks at its causes, consequences, and the changes that were effected to prevent the global economy from a similar crisis in the future. The crisis began in the United States, spread quickly, and ended up affecting the global populations jobs, homes, and savings. The paper identifies the Federal Reserves financial policies, subprime mortgages, and credit default swaps (CDS) as the main causes of the 2008 financial crisis each of these factors played a significant part in leading to the crisis. The combination of these factors made the effects of the 2008 financial crisis even more severe, leading to a broader economic downturn. The consequences of the crisis included increased regulation of the financial industry, government intervention through bailouts, a decline in housing prices, higher unemployment rates, and the breakdown of significant several major banks and financial institutions. These consequences were severe and governments had to come up with solutions to prevent a similar happening in the future through measures like the Dodd-Frank Act and the Basel III framework.
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Cohen, Jim. "Divergent Paths, United States and France: Capital Markets, the State, and Differentiation in Transportation Systems, 1840–1940." Enterprise & Society 10, no. 3 (September 2009): 449–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008132.
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Why do the United States and France, both capitalist economies that were dominated by private railways in the 19th and early 20th centuries, have very different transport systems today? After World War II France developed 200 mph high speed trains, while railways in the United States declined to near irrelevance. This paper argues that cross-national divergence was caused by private and public actions that structured capitalmarkets and controlled planning. In the United States private financial institutions used capital markets to shape rail development. In France, by way of contrast, the state directly intervened in financial markets and controlled planning. Both systems thrived until World War I. But, then, faced with growing competition from cars, buses and trucks and burdened by excessive debt, they declined towards bankruptcy. The Great Depression became a defining moment as a Socialist-dominated government in France nationalized railways while in the United States, President Roosevelt's New Deal failed to enact policies to ensure the competitive viability of rail in relation to motorized transport. Rarely used archival sources provide much of the evidence for this argument.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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Jordaan, Michael. "The regulation of deposit-taking financial institutions : a comparative analysis of the United Kingdom, Germany and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55746.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Standard financial literature contains various explanations for the unique role of deposit-taking intermediaries in an economy. None of these reasons adequately explains the extensive degree of banking regulation evident in practice. The nature of a deposit, which guarantees capital repayment independent of bank performance, uniquely incentivises banks to be exposed to financial risks. In the absence of appropriate regulation, banks may be tempted to assume an unacceptably high level of risk that could ultimately result in bank failure. Thus, the regulation of banking risks is justified in terms of the public interest theory whereby banking regulation seeks to avoid the market imperfections arising from informational asymmetries and "domino" externalities associated with bank failure. Accordingly, the rationale of banking regulation lies in the protection of consumers and in preserving the stability of the financial system. Direct monetary controls, on the other hand, impact adversely on the risk-management activities of banks. The framework utilised to analyse and compare banking regulation consists of three broad categories namely: preventative regulation, protective regulation and monetary requirements. Preventative or prudential regulation is aimed at managing the levels of risks assumed by banks. This form of regulation relates to entry requirements; limitations on certain business activities; the disclosure of risk-related information; the adequacy of capital resources; portfolio restrictions on risk assets; and the sufficiency of liquidity. Protective regulation is concerned with the immediate protection of depositors and maintenance of overall financial stability once a bank has failed. lt consists of crisis management measures and deposit insurance schemes. Direct, and hence inappropriate, monetary requirements are variations in reserve asset requirements, as well as interest rate and credit controls. The banking systems of South Africa, the United Kingdom and Germany were chosen to perform a comparative analysis of financial regulation. The London financial markets are mature and a large variety of banks are regulated in a flexible manner by the Bank of England. By contrast, the strictly regulated German banks dominate their domestic financial system. South Africa is a hybrid of the former systems with a modern banking industry operating in well developed financial markets and supervised according to advanced risk-management considerations. The analysis of preventative and protective regulation in all three financial systems indicates that banking regulation is indeed concerned with the regulation of banking risks. The efforts of the Bank for International Settlements to harmonise regulation across domestic financial systems has contributed significantly to improved regulatory techniques for the management of these risks. None of the three systems make use of direct monetary requirements which suggest awareness of the costs associated with such regulation. A number of recommendations are made to improve financial regulation in South Africa: extension of regulatory coverage to include other types of financial intermediaries who also engage in risky activities; further relaxation of exchange control regulations which restrict the foreign exchange risk management; the adoption of a formal deposit protection scheme; increased consolidated supervision by a single regulatory authority with executive powers; further deregulatory measures in instances where regulations are not appropriate from a risk-management perspective; and re-regulation to the extent that the risk-management activities can be regulated more efficiently.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die finansiele literatuur bevat verskeie verklarings vir die unieke rol wat depositonemende instellings in 'n ekonomie vervul. Geeneen van die redes verskaf 'n bevredigende verklaring vir die wye omvang van bankregulasies in die praktyk nie. Die aard van 'n deposita is sodanig dat die terugbetaling van die kapitaalsom deur 'n bank gewaarborg word, onafhanklik van die winsprestasie van die bank. Gevolglik het banke die unieke eienskap om hulself aan finansiele risikos bloat te stel. Sander gepaste regulering sou banke moontlik daartoe geneigd wees om oormatige hoe risikovlakke na te streef wat tot bankmislukking kan lei. Die regulering van bankrisikos vind dus bestaansreg in die teorie van openbare belang, d.w.s. dat regulering die potensiele markmislukkings, wat voortspruit uit asimmetriese inligting en "domino" eksternaliteite, kan voorkom. Die rasionaal van bankregulering is die beskerming van verbruikers, asook die handhawing van 'n stabiele finansiele stelsel. Direkte monetere beheermaatreels, daarenteen, het 'n ongunstige uitwerking op die bestuur van risikos deur banke. Die raamwerk waarbinne bankregulering ontleed en vergelyk word, bestaan uit drie kategoriee, naamlik voorkomende regulering, beskermende regulering en monetere vereistes. Voorkomende regulering is daarop gemik om die risikos waaraan banke blootgestel is te bestuur. Sodanige regulering verwys na toelatingsvereistes, beperkings op sekere sake-aktiwiteite, die openbaarmaking van risiko-verwante inligting, die toereikendheid van kapitaalhulpbronne, beperkings ten opsigte van baterisikos en voldoende likiditeit. Beskermende regulering is gemoeid met die beskerming van deposante en bestaan uit krisisbeheermaatreels en depositoversekeringskemas. Direkte (en gevolglik ontoepaslike) monetere vereistes bestaan uit veranderlike reserwebatevereistes, asook rentekoers- en kredietbeheermaatreels. Die bankstelsels van Suid Afrika, die Verenigde Koningkryk en Duitsland is gekies vir 'n vergelykende analise van finansiele regulering. Die finansiele markte in Londen is hoogs ontwikkeld en 'n groat verskeidenheid en aantal banke word op 'n pragmatiese wyse deur die Bank of England gereguleer. In direkte teenstelling daarmee word die Duitse banke, wat hul binnelandse finansiele markte domineer, onderwerp aan 'n streng formele toesighoudingstelsel. Die SuidAfrikaanse finansiele stelsel bevat elemente van beide bogenoemde stelsels, by wyse van 'n moderne banksektor, wat funksioneer in goed ontwikkelde finansiele markte en gereguleer word ooreenkomstig gevorderde risikobestuursbeginsels. Die analise van voorkomende en beskermende regulering in die drie finansiele stelsels, bevestig dat bankregulering inderdaad afgestem is op die regulering van finansiele risikos. Die pogings van die Bank van lnternasiona~e Vereffeninge om die regulasies in finansiele stelsels internasionaal met mekaar in orreenstemming te bring het wesenlik hiertoe bygedra. Die vermyding van direkte monetere vereistes dui verder daarop dat toesighoudende owerhede bewus is van die nadele van sodanige regulering. 'n Aantal aanbevelings word gemaak, naamlik: meer omvattende regulering ten einde ander finansiele instellings wat ook finansiele risikos bestuur, te dek; verdere verslappings van valutabeheermaatreels wat tans die bestuur van wisselkoersrisiko beperk; die totstandkoming van 'n formele depositoversekeringstelsel; 'n groter mate van gekonsolideerde toesighouding; verdere deregulering in gevalle waar regulasies vanuit 'n risikobestuursoogpunt nie wenslik is nie; en her-regulering in die mate waartoe die risikobestuurspraktyke meer effektief gereguleer kan word.
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Woolverton, Andrea Elizabeth. "Institutional effects on grain producer price-risk management behavior a comparative study across the United States and South Africa /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4735.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Araujo, Garcia Juan Ignacio. "Financial innovation in the U.S. : origins, effects on the financial system and implications for monetary policy." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66022.
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Skarin, John W. "The horizon of financial management for the Department of Defense." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FSkarin.pdf.
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Mellon, Judith J. "Marine Corps Financial Management Officer training in the 1990's." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA236939.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Evered, Roger. Second Reader: Summers, D. E. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Indicator(s): Theses, Marine Corps Financial Officers, MOS 3404, Financial Management, surveys, training, Financial Management Officers course, Marine Corps practical comptroller ship course. Author(s) subject terms: Financial Management, Officer Training, Military Occupational Specialty 3404. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-119). Also available online.
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Berg, Benjamin D. "Contingency-focused financial management and logistics for the U.S. Coast Guard." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FBerg.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bach, Robert. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164). Also available in print.
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Gragen, Michael M. "Department of Defense financial management education and training programs a survey of quality assurance methods /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA256211.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1992.Thesis Advisors: Euske, Kenneth J. ; Jones, L.R. "June 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 4, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118). Also available in print.
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Gbadamosi, Waidi Alani. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Banks in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2212.
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Corporate social responsibility has evolved as a business strategy, but the business worth of voluntary social conduct has not been well understood. The contradictory research findings mean that social performance is not maximized, which constrains economic growth and sustainable development. Grounded by stakeholder theory, this correlational study was aimed at examining the effect of social responsibility factors on the market-based Fama-French cost of capital. Within a sample of 71 United States banks, the publicly available ethical ratings, financial data, and stock market data were analyzed using multiple regression models. Contrary to the positive effect of social conduct on financial performance common in the literature, this study revealed no significant effect of social factors on the accounting returns, and, consequently, the shareholders perceived the social activities as risky and therefore demanded higher returns. The study also showed that governance, diversity, and employee relation were positively related to accounting returns while product and community factors were negatively related to profits. The implied higher cost of raising equity finance following engagement in social activities is a lesson for corporate managers to exercise caution in their social conduct and carry the investors along. Such inclusive policy could help to minimize investor bias and moderate their consequential adverse reactions to well-intentioned corporate actions. This research contributes to positive social change by assisting the bank managers, directors, investors, regulators, and government in improving the discharge of their respective roles to ensure optimal allocation of resources to competing social activities in a manner that may maximize performance and improve the overall stakeholder wellbeing.
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Maudave, Charlotte. "Ethical issues in need- and merit-based financial aid in higher education institutions in the United States." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/650507236/viewonline.
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Taklalsingh, Ravi. "Transfer Pricing Legislation: Effect on Multinational Enterprises in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6487.
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Multinational enterprises (MNEs) engage in tax-planning strategies between their related parties that affect their profit and consequently their tax liability. Transfer pricing (TP) legislation addresses these tax planning strategies of MNEs resulting in increased tax revenues. Despite the updated 2006 TP legislation, shifting of profit and taxes is still occurring by MNEs; therefore, the implications of this legislation need to be examined. The purpose of this study was to compare the reporting of profit, before and after change in legislation, as well as to examine the cost of services mediation of the relationship between the status of the legislation and profit reported. The study's theoretical framework was a combination of economic and strategic management theories. This ex-post facto quantitative study addressed two research questions with the first examining the difference in the reporting of operating profit before and after the updated TP legislation. The second assessed how the cost of services mediates the relationship between the status of the TP legislation and the reporting of operating profits. Data collected on a sample of tax returns, representing 32 industry sectors for each of 14 years, from the Internal Revenue Service were used in applying statistical tests for answering these research questions. The results indicated that the updated TP regulations influenced MNEs for reporting greater profit than before the update as well as possibly inconsistent mediation with the proposed mediator of cost of services. These results support having TP legislation since it would increase tax revenues resulting in positive economic and social changes as well as contributing to achieving sustainable development.
Books on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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1952-, Thomas Hugh, ed. Financial institutions management. Toronto: Irwin, 1997.
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Millon, Cornett Marcia, ed. Financial institutions management: A risk management approach. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2003.
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Melicher, Ronald W. Finance: Introduction to markets, institutions & management. 8th ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Pub. Co., 1992.
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Melicher, Ronald W. Finance: Introduction to markets, institutions & management. 7th ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Pub. Co., 1988.
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Melicher, Ronald W. Finance: Introduction to institutions, investments and management. 9th ed. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing, 1996.
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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Profile of Army financial managers : report to the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller). Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.
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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Financial management: Analysis of DOD's first Biennial Financial Management Improvement Plan : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.
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United States. Government Accountability Office. Federal Deposit Insurance Act: Regulators' use of systemic risk exception raises moral hazard concerns and opportunities exist to clarify the provision : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2010.
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editor, Rose Corey F., Harris, David J. (David Jon), editor, Vartanian Thomas P. editor, Vaughan David A. editor, Williams, Cynthia J. (Lawyer), editor, Dechert LLP (Firm), and West (Firm), eds. The Volcker Rule: Commentary and analysis. 2nd ed. Eagan, MN]: Thomson Reuters Westlaw, 2014.
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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Federal Financial Management Improvement Act results for fiscal year 1997 : report to Congressional Committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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Fand, David I. "Monetarism and the United States Economy." In Money, Financial Institutions and Macroeconomics, 175–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5362-1_12.
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Lessambo, Felix I. "FinTech Regulations and Supervision in the United States." In Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, 43–71. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25428-4_3.
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Lessambo, Felix I. "AML/CFT and Cyber Security Laws in the United States." In Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, 57–78. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23484-2_5.
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Edwards, Franklin R. "Financial Markets and Managerial Myopia: Making America More Competitive." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 141–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_9.
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Benston, George J., and George G. Kaufman. "The Intellectual History of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 1–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_1.
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Scott, Kenneth E., and Barry R. Weingast. "Banking Reform: Economic Propellants, Political Impediments." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 19–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_2.
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Kane, Edward J. "Taxpayer Loss Exposure in the Bank Insurance Fund." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 37–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_3.
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Eisenbeis, Robert A., and Paul M. Horvitz. "The Role of Forbearance and its Costs in Handling Troubled and Failed Depository Institutions." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 49–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_4.
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Kane, Edward J. "Long-Run Benefits in Financial Regulation from Increased Accountability and Privatization." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 69–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_5.
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Aspinwall, Richard C. "The Application of Private Insurance to Banking Oversight." In Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States, 91–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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Radulovic, Ana. "FINANCIAL CRISES AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.99.
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Economic structures are a major cause of long-term growth or stagnation. Different economic structures have different ranges of structural learning, innovation, and different effects on income distribution, which are key determinants of economic performance. Through theory about economic structures it is explained why institutions work differently in space and time. This paper shows using a case study in the United States, that the source of recent financial crises rests on the structural characteristics of the economy. Constant deindustrialization is increasing inequality, and a debt-intensive credit boom has emerged to offset the deflationary effects of this structural change. The strong application of the austerity system in Europe and other parts of the world, even after the evidence points to less frugal policies, illustrates the theory of power it has over public policy. The economic structure should be put at the center of analysis, to better understand the economic changes, income disparities and differences in the dynamics of political economy through time and space. This paper provides a critical overview of the rapidly developing comparative studies of institutions and economic performance, with an emphasis on its analytical and political implications. The paper tries to identify some conceptual gaps in the literature on economic growth policy. Emphasis is placed on the contrasting experiences of East Asia and Latin America. This paper argues that the future investments in this field should be based on rigorous conceptual difference between the rules of the game and the game, and between the political and institutional, embedded in the concept of management. It also emphasizes the importance of a serious understanding of the endogenous and distributive nature of institutions and steps beyond the narrow approach of property law relations in management and development. By providing insights from the political channels through which institutions affect economic performance, this paper aims to contribute to the consolidation of theoretically based, empirically based and relevant to policy research on political and institutional foundations of growth and prosperity.
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Borbor, J. D., Katinka C. Van Cranenburgh, and Christiaan W. F. Luca. "Social Risk Management as a Response to Increasing International Pressure for Social Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206240-ms.
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Abstract In the past decades, financial institutions have led the way for companies to adhere to international standards for social performance. The journey began in the Industrial Revolution, when negative societal business impacts rapidly escalated, which led people to demand for their management. Initially focused on working conditions, impacts on the environment soon started to gain notice. Halfway through the 20th century, a combination of oil spills and mass media attention generated enough public pressure for the United States to sign the first piece of legislation requiring the environmental impact assessment. With this law and its replication abroad, however, came the concern with social impacts as well. Both environmental and social performance expectations soon spread internationally and, by the 1980s, multilateral financial institutions, most prominently the World Bank, incorporated such considerations into their investment and lending practices, which is the source of all such international standards today. These standards require the establishment of a social management system to integrate risk and impact management processes and stakeholder engagement activities. Given the challenge of implementing these requirements, a social risk management development framework is proposed to bring together the extensive and multidisciplinary demands of effective social performance. Five development areas are proposed: governance, social policy, tools, resourcing and capacity, and knowledge sharing. This is an important step to take today as it is expected that the next decades will see these international demands increase, possibly by ever increasing governmental regulation.
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Akinwande, Mayowa, Alexander Lopez, Tobi Yusuf, Austine Unuriode, Babatunde Yusuf, Toyyibat Yussuph, and Stanley Okoro. "Data Analysis on Credit Card Debt: Rate of Consumption and Impact on Individuals and the US Economy." In 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.140401.
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This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of credit cards in the United States, tracing their historical development, causes, consequences, and impact on both individuals and the economy. It delves into the transformation of credit cards from specialized merchant cards to ubiquitous financial tools, driven by legal changes like the Marquette decision. Credit card debt has emerged as a significant financial challenge for many Americans due to economic factors, consumerism, high healthcare costs, and financial illiteracy. The consequences of this debt on individuals are extensive, affecting their financial well-being, credit scores, savings, and even their physical and mental health. On a larger scale, credit cards stimulate consumer spending, drive e-commerce growth, and generate revenue for financial institutions, but they can also contribute to economic instability if not managed responsibly. The paper emphasizes various strategies to prevent and manage credit card debt, including financial education, budgeting, responsible credit card uses, and professional counselling. Empirical studies support the relationship between credit card debt and factors such as financial literacy and consumer behavior. Regression analysis reveals that personal consumption and GDP positively impacts credit card debt indicating that responsible management is essential. The paper offers comprehensive recommendations for addressing credit card debt challenges and maximizing the benefits of credit card usage, encompassing financial education, policy reforms, and public awareness campaigns. These recommendations aim to transform credit cards into tools that empower individuals financially and contribute to economic stability, rather than sources of financial stress.
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Valtins, Karlis, Igors Tipans, and Anita Straujuma. "BUILDING MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIPS WITH UNIVERSITY ALUMNI." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-153.
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Innovation economy demands new skills and competences, creates the need to repeatedly and regularly improve one's knowledge and skills, therefore the link must be maintained between labor market requirements and higher education offer. As solution to above mentioned problems strategy proposes that educational and cultural education institutions should become the centers of social networking, in the management of which parents, teaching staff, students, as well as wider local community, including entrepreneurs, representatives of professional and sectoral associations, participate and co-operate. There is a particular emphasis on the need to develop programs of voluntary mentors. In year 2013 colleges and universities in the United States raised 33.80 billion USD in total voluntary support (Council for Aid to Education report, 201410). Alumni donations constitute almost one third of all the amount raised. In UK higher education institutions received GBP 657 million in cash income as philanthropic support in year 2103-14. This experience proves that keeping meaningful contact with alumni is a long term strategy and eventually results not only in intellectual cooperation but also a substantial source of financing. Alumni engagement activities have proved to be an effective tool providing life-long learning for alumni, experience exchange between experienced alumni and young alumni and students as well as, in the long-term, financial support for the universities by alumni and their companies. Two solutions are being discussed in this paper - ICT platform and alumni association. Paper is based on the Riga Technical University's example, EXTEND project case studies also publicly available statistics/data.
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Hoffman, Danie, Tebogo Hellen Ngele, and Benita Zulch. "Contrasting the profiles of Female vs Male quantity surveyors in South Africa." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003906.
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Quantity surveying in South Africa is a well-established professional discipline providing consulting services to the construction industry. The continued prosperity of a professional discipline such as quantity surveying is closely linked to sound management and efficient strategic leadership. The leaders and managers of the profession require accurate and up-to-date information on the profile of their members to integrate that information into future strategies and planning.Young democracies and developing countries such as South Africa often have demographics and financial industries, including the construction industry, that are much more dynamic than first-world countries such as the United States or Great Britain. Local government upliftment policies such as black economic empowerment changed the economic landscape. The membership profile of the quantity surveying profession is also seeing rapid change, presenting additional management challenges. A profession with a stable profile is easy to manage using past knowledge of membership makeup and preferences. However, a changing membership may cause strategies based on the knowledge of 5 to 10 years ago to be found wanting today.The recent COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies and industries and did not spare the construction industry or the quantity surveying profession. During this time, the South African Association of Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS), assisted by the University of Pretoria, analysed the profile of its members employing a questionnaire forwarded to all ASAQS members on the database. This data confirmed significant changes to the age and racial makeup of the profession. However, the changed gender profile was amongst the study’s most significant findings. In the past, the typical South African quantity surveyor was a middle age to older male of European descent. This study will contrast the older members of the profession against the more recent entrants by comparing the profile of female members to that of male members. The analysis will include age, race, locational spread, academic qualifications, nationality, registration status with the Council of South African Quantity Surveyors, and length of the current employment term to provide a reasonably detailed comparison of the gender profile of quantity surveyors in South Africa.The above information will be valuable to the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors and to the management of quantity surveying firms and institutions such as universities that offer accredited academic programmes to train quantity surveyors. The findings can also be shared with quantity surveying professionals across international borders to compare against the profiles of their millennial cohorts of quantity surveyors.
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Yu, Shang, and Ding Rijia. "Comparison of Internet Financial Reporting between China and United States." In 2009 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2009.209.
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Fang Hong. "Empirical analysis on the financial fragility of the United States based on factor analysis method." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering (MSIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msie.2011.5707748.
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Siyuan, Deng. "How to Maximize Earnings by Using Financial Risk Management in the United States During Coronavirus Pandemic." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.125.
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Khidasheli, Mirza. "Looming Sovereign Debt Crisis – What’s Wrong with State-Regulated Economics." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.4.
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On January 19, 2023, the United States hit its debt ceiling, leading to a debt-ceiling crisis. US sovereign debt, for decades, was considered a risk-free investment, but the 2023 US debt ceiling crisis shocked the financial world. The COVID-19 pandemic has hung a heavy burden on public finances. Quarantined economic activity heavily affected state budget revenues all over the world. Before the Covid-19 crisis, there was the 2008 financial crisis with its famous outcomes, when economic stimulus was provided including state budget programs financed by sovereign debts. It was still pandemic circumstances when on 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in an escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In less than 20 years period the world has had three global-scale crises, but the deterioration social-economic picture is far less dramatic than it will be without state interventions. Nothing is free, it is an obvious and well-known economic axiom, so if the costs of these crises are not on the surface, it means that the problem is hidden somewhere and postponed in time. In a simplified picture we see that states' actions in the field of public finance aren’t rational. When revenues are decreasing, from a household point of view it is normal to turn on some austerity mode and live with less luxury, but different approaches are taken by the states when GDP growth and tax revenues are decreasing. The bright examples of these we saw during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. From an economic point of view, loans couldn’t be a source of prosperity. Moreover, sovereign credit puts on long-run burden on the real economy. Money is considered a sign of wealth and prosperity, but actually, in the fractional reserve banking system, it is not the same. For the creation of debt money in the modern credit system, we don’t need savings, we can create it simply from “thin air”. So, an increased volume of money and debt in the economy doesn’t mean prosperity, it means more burden on future generations and the economy at all. The real economy has to pay these debts in the long run future and there it will negatively affect welfare and prosperity. More Fiat money doesn’t create prosperity, prosperity is a result of economic growth and savings. Printing money without proportional economic growth or creating debt money without adequate savings, only exacerbates allocation of resources and wealth. So, money multiplier is not about wealth creation it’s about wealth allocations. Empirical pieces of evidence from the current century showed us that, a crisis is a signal, it is a communication instrument that should be considered correctly and with some scrutiny examinations about its origins and foundations. Tactical solutions can't give strategic outcomes. When empirical evidence shows that instruments used by the state to extinguish crises create much more scaled ones, it’s time for rethinking and structural reforms.
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Van Valkenburg, Taunia, Ernie F. Petru, Paula R. Diepolder, and Gary M. Sandquist. "Current Implementation of the Quality Assurance Program at the United States Los Alamos National Laboratory." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31059.
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The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a one of the largest and diverse science and technological institutions in the world. The size and sophistication of LANL’s facilities and workforce present a unique challenge to develop and implement a Quality Assurance (QA) program that meets LANL’s needs. LANL has updated its QA Program to a targeted, requirements-based approach, and broadened its Quality Assurance technical expertise into essential technical areas. The expanded areas of expertise include engineering, project management, nuclear facility operations, and weapons design and fabrication. This approach is achieving success as evidenced on an institutional level by LANL’s receipt of various national, international and local awards for its products and services. Success is also realized on the QA Program level with sufficient recognition of the importance of the QA Program by the LANL workforce. However, QA program challenges remain in areas of expanding the importance of QA; streamlining the grading process and ensuring the program is commensurate with risk and customer expectations; maintaining sufficient authority and freedom from line management for deployed QA personnel while continuing to increase the technical breadth of QA personnel. These are the focus areas to continuously improve the LANL QA Program.
Reports on the topic "Financial institutions – united states – management"
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Freeman, Paul, and Leslie A. Martin. National Systems and Institutional Mechanisms for the Comprehensive Management of Disaster Risk. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006758.
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This presentation was commissioned by the Natural Disaster Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 1st Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 15th and 16th, 2001. This presentation discusses the role of National Disaster Systems and country experiences in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Colombia and Nicaragua. Different national disaster strategies and successful national systems are detailed along with the role of finance ministries and financial resources.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.
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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.
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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.
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Middleton, Jeffrey P. Developing and Maintaining a Useful Deployed/Contingency Operations Financial Management Guidebook for the United States Marine Corps. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada536486.
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Todd, Jessica E., Christine Whitt, Nigel David Key, and Okkar Mandalay. overview of farms operated by socially disadvantaged, women, and limited resource farmers and ranchers in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8254670.ers.
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recognizes several groups of farmers who have been historically underserved by USDA and operates several programs and policies targeting these groups. Yet, there is limited information about the current financial health of the farms these producers operate, their credit and agricultural program use, which inhibits the measurement of progress toward more equitable outcomes. This report provides an overview of the financial characteristics of the farms operated by socially disadvantaged (individuals identifying as Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander), women, and limited resource producers (farms with low sales and low household income), using data from the 2017-20 annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Trend Of “De-Risking” In International Finance and Its Impact on Small Island Developing States. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.079.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the challenges small island development states (SIDS) face when they lose correspondent banking relationships (CBRs). The rapid review concludes that, although the loss of CBRs is a global phenomenon, regions with SIDS, such as the Pacific and Caribbean, have seen the highest rates of withdrawals. During the last decade, local and regional banks in SIDS have lost and continue to lose bank accounts at large global banks to a critical level, sometimes having only one or none CBRs with banks in major economies, such as the Unites States, the United Kingdom, the European Union or Australia. This means that local banks have reduced access to financial services related to cross-border financial transactions, impacting on remittances and trade finance.
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Miller, Eric T. Financial Services in the Trading System: Progress and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008609.
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In the winter of 1996, Canada's third largest financial institution, the Bank of Montreal, launched a now infamous advertising campaign in which it asked the question: Can a bank change? While the resulting ads naturally responded in the affirmative, many other large financial institutions were asking themselves the same question. The dramatic acceleration since the mid-to-late 1980's of the rate at which banks are establishing branches and/or investing in financial institutions outside of their home markets combined with the dismantling by governments around the world of many traditional regulatory restrictions is resulting in the re-making of the financial services industry in its entirety. Central to this process has been a wave of mergers and alliances, many of which increasingly cut across the classical sectoral sub-divisions (commercial banking, securities, insurance etc.). The end result has been the gradual emergence of singular financial amorphisms capable of offering any service globally. In addition to these structural changes, an important result of this wave of mergers, alliances and foreign investment has been that financial institutions have become global players in terms of market presence, rather than just loan portfolios. This, in turn, has meant that the volume and importance of international trade in financial services has substantially increased in recent years. As the international trade of financial services has developed, governments have sought to establish a framework of rules to govern it. However, this process has not occurred in a vacuum. Over the past 15 years, international trade in goods has become substantially freer, international trade in services (of which financial services constitute a part) has grown dramatically, and international capital flows have become more open. While volumes have been written about both international trade in goods and international capital flows and a burgeoning literature exists on trade in services, comparatively little has been written specifically about international trade in financial services. This paper is designed to help fill this void. The core of the paper consists of three specific cases: (1) the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA); (2) the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); (3) the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade in Financial Services. These selections constitute a logical progression. The CUSFTA was the first trade agreement ever to include provisions on financial services. The NAFTA, negotiated shortly thereafter contains the most far-reaching provisions in the world in this area. Finally, the WTO Financial Services Agreement marks the first time that such disciplines have been successfully negotiated on a global level. In order to make an examination of an Agreement consisting of 56 different schedules possible, this section will focus on the commitments of a number of sample countries in a specific region of the world, namely Latin America.
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Giezendanner, Hardy, and Himayu Shiotani. A Reference Methodology for National Weapons and Ammunition Management Baseline Assessments. UNIDIR, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/21/wam/02.
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Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is increasingly recognized as a fundamental component of conflict prevention and actions to tackle armed violence. Effective WAM policy and practice ensures that States can exercise governance, oversight, management and control over the full life cycle of arms and ammunition within their national territory. Comprehensive, holistic and systematic national WAM baseline assessments are an essential prerequisite for informing and guiding effective strategic formulation, programme planning, and monitoring and evaluation, and – more broadly – support governance and accountability. A national WAM baseline assessment aims to assist States in their efforts to comprehensively and systematically assess WAM institutions, and their policy and operational processes and capacities, in line with their obligations and commitments at different levels as well as relevant international standards and technical guidelines. A national WAM baseline allows comparison and measurability of variation or progress over time periods, as well as impact, in different environments. One of the key results of such an assessment, and the starting point for follow-up activities, is the development of an actionable ‘national road map’ towards a strengthened and comprehensive national WAM framework. The Reference Methodology for National Weapons and Ammunition Management Baseline Assessments codifies the methodology which has been used to design and implement baseline assessments with 11 States (2015–2020), in cooperation with subregional, regional, United Nations and other partners. It draws inter alia on lessons learned while applying and refining the methodology with partners. The Reference Methodology represents UNIDIR’s practical contribution to ongoing regional efforts and new initiatives at subregional, regional and international levels to undertake comprehensive national WAM baseline assessments. This reference methodology is a practical tool to guide interested parties on how to implement a strategic WAM baseline assessment at the national level. It is being published to enhance knowledge and to promote consistency in the use of WAM baseline assessments by interested stakeholders. It will enable collaboration between States seeking assistance to undertake a national WAM baseline assessment and United Nations entities, regional organizations, and specialized non-governmental organizations that can provide support for such efforts.
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Klesta, Matthew. Home Mortgage Lending by Race and Income in the Time of Low Interest Rates: Examples from Select Counties in Kentucky, Ohio, and Pennsylvania from 2018 through 2021. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20221129.
Full textAbstract:
Signed into law in 1975 by President Ford, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) requires most financial institutions to disclose information on their mortgage lending. Annually, this information creates a publicly accessible data set that includes millions of records and covers about 90 percent of mortgage lending in the United States (Gerardi, Willen, and Zhang, 2020). More information on HMDA can be found in the summary "What is HMDA and why is it important?" Several years ago, the Cleveland Fed examined data for seven large urban counties in the Fourth District. At that time, we looked at how these counties performed post-Great Recession. In this report, we revisit those seven counties and examine how they performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and in an environment of record-low interest rates. This report is an analysis of HMDA data from 2018 through 2021 in seven counties: Allegheny, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh); Cuyahoga, Ohio (Cleveland); Fayette, Kentucky (Lexington); Franklin, Ohio (Columbus); Hamilton, Ohio (Cincinnati); Lucas, Ohio (Toledo); and Montgomery, Ohio (Dayton). It focuses on several aspects of mortgage lending categorized by borrower race and income.