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Journal articles on the topic 'Financial institutions – Africa'
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1
Dinku, Tirngo. "Financial inclusion in Ethiopia: Using core set of financial inclusion indicators." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 8, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 6396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v8i03.01.
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Financial inclusion is the key to inclusive development throughout the world. It is the access to get financial services such as saving, loan, insurance and others easily at an affordable cost, this study aims at evaluating the level of financial inclusion in Ethiopia in comparison with Sub Saharan Africa and low income countries. World Bank group 2017data on financial inclusion is used.The result shows access to have a bank account and account at other financial institution has been realized improvement to the year, where as it is far below the Sub Saharan African average. The major reason for not having a bank account or account at financial institutions in Ethiopia areinsufficient fund and financial institutions are too far away, while religious reasons and lack of trust on financial institutions are the least. No one pays utility bill digitally, the use of digital payment is very poor in Ethiopia; only three out of hundred individuals in Ethiopia used an account to receive government payments.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Sharon Munedzi. "Selected challenges associated with the reliance on customer due diligence measures to curb money laundering in South African banks and related financial institutions." Journal of Comparative Law in Africa 8, no. 1 (2021): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/jcla/v8/i1a2.
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Customer due diligence is a means of ensuring that financial institutions know their customers well through know-your-customer (KYC) tools and related measures. Notably, customer due diligence measures include the identification and verification of customer identity, keeping records of transactions concluded between a customer and the financial institution, ongoing monitoring of customer account activities, reporting unusual and suspicious transactions, and risk assessment programmes. Accordingly, financial institutions should ensure that their customers are risk assessed before concluding any transactions with them. The regulation of money laundering is crucial to the economic growth of many countries, including South Africa. However, there are still numerous challenges affecting the banks and other role players’ reliance on customer due diligence measures to combat money laundering in South Africa. Therefore, a qualitative research methodology is employed in this article to unpack such challenges. The challenges include the failure to meet the identification and verification requirements by some South African citizens, onerous documentation requirements giving rise to other persons being denied access to the formal financial sector, and the lack of express provisions to regulate the informal financial sector in South Africa. Given this background, the article discusses the challenges associated with the regulation and implementation of customer due diligence measures to enhance the combating of money laundering in South African banks and related financial institutions. It is hoped that the recommendations provided in this article will be utilised by the relevant authorities to enhance customer due diligence and effectively combat money laundering activities in South African banks and related financial institutions.
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Atiase, Victor Yawo, Samia Mahmood, Yong Wang, and David Botchie. "Developing entrepreneurship in Africa: investigating critical resource challenges." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 644–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0084.
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Purpose By drawing upon institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of four critical resources (credit, electricity, contract enforcement and political governance) in explaining the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the supporting entrepreneurship ecosystem in Africa. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach based on ordinary least squares regression analysis was used. Three data sources were employed. First, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) of 35 African countries was used to measure the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Africa which represents the dependent variable. Second, the World Bank’s data on access to credit, electricity and contract enforcement in Africa were also employed as explanatory variables. Third, the Ibrahim Index of African Governance was used as an explanatory variable. Finally, country-specific data on four control variables (GDP, foreign direct investment, population and education) were gathered and analysed. Findings To support entrepreneurship development, Africa needs broad financial inclusion and state institutions that are more effective at enforcing contracts. Access to credit was non-significant and therefore did not contribute to the dependent variable (entrepreneurship quality and depth of entrepreneurial support in Africa). Access to electricity and political governance were statistically significant and correlated positively with the dependent variables. Finally, contract enforcement was partially significant and contributed to the dependent variable. Research limitations/implications A lack of GEI data for all 54 African countries limited this study to only 35 African countries: 31 in sub-Saharan Africa and 4 in North Africa. Therefore, the generalisability of this study’s findings to the whole of Africa might be limited. Second, this study depended on indexes for this study. Therefore, any inconsistencies in the index aggregation if any could not be authenticated. This study has practical implications for the development of entrepreneurship in Africa. Public and private institutions for credit delivery, contract enforcement and the provision of utility services such as electricity are crucial for entrepreneurship development. Originality/value The institutional void is a challenge for Africa. This study highlights the weak, corrupt nature of African institutions that supposedly support MSME growth. Effective entrepreneurship development in Africa depends on the presence of a supportive institutional infrastructure. This study engages institutional theory to explain the role of institutional factors such as state institutions, financial institutions, utility providers and markets in entrepreneurship development in Africa.
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Irbad, Husein Mohamed, and M. G. Jayaprakash. "Performance Of Financial Institutions In Five Sub-Saharan African Countries." Archives of Business Research 7, no. 12 (January 3, 2020): 359–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.712.7582.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of financial institutions in five Sub-Saharan African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, Namibia, Rwanda and Senegal. The investigation is based on four proxies towards performance namely: financial access, financial depth, financial efficiency and financial stability. The overall proxies are composed of thirty variables. There are four objectives in the study; the first objective has examined access and information of financial services in financial institutions of Sub-Saharan African countries. The second objective investigated and measured depth of financial institutions. The third objective evaluated efficiency of financial institutions in Sub-Sahara Africa. The last objective was intended to measure the stability of financial institutions in Africa. We created a development of financial performance model describing the proxies and variables in this study. The main analysis of the study is Mean calculation and regression analysis by using weighted Least Squares multiple regression analysis (WLS). This study investigated secondary data. The data was analyzed by using Excel software and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in descriptive statistics. The result of all target countries except Nigeria is significant in financial access. Result also showed significance in financial depth of all five target countries. The financial institutions of all five target countries are inefficient. Also the result of financial stability in financial institutions of target countries showed insignificance except Rwanda.
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Sibanda, Mabutho, and Merle Holden. "Institutional Investors And The Finance-Growth Nexus: Evidence From South Africa." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i1.8290.
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Since the 1990s assets of institutional investors have remained elevated in comparison to those of deposit-taking financial institutions in South Africa. This paradigm shift in the financial markets has provoked the ongoing theoretical and empirical debate, which, on the one hand, pits institutional investors as causing financial disintermediation against, on the other hand, deposit-taking financial institutions in promoting economic development. These and other conflicting views on financial intermediation have promoted the finance-growth nexus hypothesis, which draws lessons from the Patrick (1966) demand-following and supply-leading propositions (Patrick, 1966). The study uses the Johansen (1991) co-integration tests, the vector error correction and the Granger causality approaches to establish the role played by institutional investors in the finance-growth nexus in South Africa based on quarterly data spanning 1994 to 2009. Findings suggest that a demand-following phenomenon exists in South Africa in which the growth in the institutional investors industry is dependent upon the level of economic development and banking sector development.
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Fotso, Bakam, and E. I. Edoun. "Critical Assessment of Banking Institutions in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2(J) (May 18, 2017): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2(j).1646.
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Banks play an important role in a country’s economy through investments, deposits and withdrawals. Many banking products are sold to clients to meet their financial needs and obligations. Their performances are therefore very critical in supporting socio economic development. Financial institutions still facing challenges linked to the lack of financial previsions through the use of financial tool that allows preventing financial distress. Banks are not always well-managed because managers lack capacity and the sound knowledge in dealing effectively with the analysis of risk and return and decision-making. The current study highlights and gives orientations on key performance indicators that bank can use to manage their financial conditions in advance in a sustainable manner. The major objective of this research is to critically assess the South African banks performance using Financial Ratio Analysis (FRA)and descriptive statistics through comparative financial statement analysis form 2010 to 2013 between“ the big four†South African banks. In using correlational analysis, the study aim to establish the link between exogenous and endogenous variables of bank performance. The results showed that FirstRand bank was the best achiever with a higher level of performance following by Standard bank, then Absa and Nedbank. Furthermore, it appears that there is a strong relationship between bank performance and bank size because the volume of assets represents the bigger source of bank incomes. This study opens door to further study including both large and small banks and a comparative analysis between two research methods. The paper is divided into five major sections.
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Fotso, Bakam, and E. I. Edoun. "Critical Assessment of Banking Institutions in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2.1646.
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Banks play an important role in a country’s economy through investments, deposits and withdrawals. Many banking products are sold to clients to meet their financial needs and obligations. Their performances are therefore very critical in supporting socio economic development. Financial institutions still facing challenges linked to the lack of financial previsions through the use of financial tool that allows preventing financial distress. Banks are not always well-managed because managers lack capacity and the sound knowledge in dealing effectively with the analysis of risk and return and decision-making. The current study highlights and gives orientations on key performance indicators that bank can use to manage their financial conditions in advance in a sustainable manner. The major objective of this research is to critically assess the South African banks performance using Financial Ratio Analysis (FRA)and descriptive statistics through comparative financial statement analysis form 2010 to 2013 between“ the big four” South African banks. In using correlational analysis, the study aim to establish the link between exogenous and endogenous variables of bank performance. The results showed that FirstRand bank was the best achiever with a higher level of performance following by Standard bank, then Absa and Nedbank. Furthermore, it appears that there is a strong relationship between bank performance and bank size because the volume of assets represents the bigger source of bank incomes. This study opens door to further study including both large and small banks and a comparative analysis between two research methods. The paper is divided into five major sections.
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Pederson, G. "Rural finance institutions, markets and policies in Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2004): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i4.1295.
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We identify three types of obstacles (missing institutions) that limit the process of financial deepening in rural financial markets. Each of these obstacles contributes to a continuing and common dilemma in developing countries - the lack of long-term finance. In Africa, as in most developing regions, there is need to develop a more consistent strategy for improving access to term finance in agriculture and rural areas. Although some examples of term financing can be found in African agriculture, the general lack of term financing in rural areas can be linked to the lack of general policy measures to enhance the environment for long-term financing, weak effective demand for rural and agricultural investment financing, and inadequate capacity of lenders to provide long-term finance to those clientele.
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Dlamini, Ncamsile Nombulelo, and Maritha Snyman. "Institutional repositories in Africa: obstacles and challenges." Library Review 66, no. 6/7 (September 5, 2017): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-03-2017-0021.
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Purpose Access to appropriate scholarly information can play a positive role in the development of African countries. Institutional repositories (IRs) have the potential to enhance access and sharing of research-based information generated in Africa. Developing IRs is a consequence of the internet’s fundamental influence on the availability and distribution of scholarly information. IRs were instituted to optimise open access of scholarly information that can be freely distributed on the internet. The perception is that the IRs are not embraced in Africa as a valuable tool as the case is in other regions of the world. Research carried over to explore the reasons for the perceived little development and exploitation of IRs in Africa is limited. The purpose of this paper is to report on a survey that attempted to identify the obstacles and challenges regarding IRs in African academic institutions. Design/methodology/approach A webometric approach and online semi-structured questionnaires filled in by IR managers or people responsible for IR management were used to collect data for this study. Responses were received from 26 respondents. Findings The major obstacles were identified as inadequate funding or financial support, lack of support from institutional management and lack of awareness of IRs at institutional management level. Research limitations/implications The study selected only IR managers or people responsible for IR management and administration in different African academic institutions with existing IRs as respondents. Other people in these institutions might have valuable knowledge about issues regarding the IRs in their institutions from whom no data were collected. Originality/value Based on the findings, the paper recommends strategies on how African academic institutions could increase the number of IRs and improve the utilisation of IRs in the continent.
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Agoba, Abel Mawuko, Joshua Yindenaba Abor, Kofi Achampong Osei, and Jarjisu Sa-Aadu. "The Independence of Central Banks, Political Institutional Quality and Financial Sector Development in Africa." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 154–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652719877474.
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Central Bank Independence (CBI) as a mechanism for achieving lower inflation and effective regulation and supervision of the financial sector should promote financial sector development. Though there is not much difference in CBI legal provisions, it seems to be more effective in developed countries than in African countries. There are suggestions that this could be due to differences in political institutional quality. Using panel data from 1970 to 2012, we find that CBI does not promote financial development in Africa. The impact of CBI is dependent on the level of development of a country. CBI promotes financial development more in countries with strong political institutions. JEL codes: E02; E44; E58
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Harris, Laurence. "Beyond the Grid: Engineering, Institutions and Finance." Journal of African Economies 28, no. 6 (August 1, 2019): i41—i50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz024.
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Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa existing, reliable supplies of electricity are inadequate to meet actual demand from those connected to the grid and potential effective demand from those without grid access. If strategies for generation, transmission and distribution systems, were unchanged the potential growth of demand accompanying economic growth and desired increases in living standards would be constrained by worsening shortages. This paper outlines the major tasks electrification strategies in Africa face and focuses on aspects of financing them. It proposes that a holistic analytical perspective, the Financial Systems Framework, is valuable for identifying and addressing distinct but linked problems in financing African electrification strategies.
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Lavelle, Kathryn C. "International financial institutions and emerging capital markets in Africa." Review of International Political Economy 6, no. 2 (January 1999): 200–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096922999347281.
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van den Berg, Amanda, and Miemie Struwig. "Social Media Policies Within the Financial Sector in South Africa." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402097503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020975030.
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The main purpose of this article is to explore the social media policies of financial institutions in South Africa. Owing to the advances in technology, businesses are exposed to many opportunities but also risks in social media platforms. For the study, a thematic framework was considered to analyze social media policies, which included risk and relationship building, brand image and reputation, stakeholders and communities, disciplinary action and compliance as well as professional and personal guidelines. A qualitative document analysis of social media policies of select South African Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed financial institutions was then conducted. For the data analysis, a thematic document analysis using a consensual qualitative research process was applied. The results showed that all the financial institutions appreciated the value and opportunities provided by social media and ensured strict compliance to their social media policies. However, there were some financial institutions that did not focus on relationship building, did not mention brand image and reputation, did not include all stakeholders, and did not suggest personal guidelines in their social media policies.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Phemelo Magau. "A Legal Analysis of the Use of Innovative Technology in the Promotion of Financial Inclusion for Low-Income Earners in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 30, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10740.
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The promotion of financial inclusion is important for the combating of financial exclusion in many countries, including South Africa. Nonetheless, most low-income earners living in rural areas and informal settlements are still struggling to gain access to basic financial products and financial services in South Africa. This status quo has been caused by a number of factors such as the absence of an adequate financial inclusion policy, the geographical remoteness of financial institutions to most low-income earners, rigid identity documentary requirements, a lack of access to reliable and affordable Internet connection by low-income earners living in informal settlements and rural areas, a lack of financial illiteracy, the high costs of financial services, unemployment and poverty, over-indebtedness, and cultural and psychological hindrances to low-income earners in South Africa. Consequently, these factors have somewhat limited the access to financial services offered by financial institutions to low-income earners living in rural areas and informal settlements. In many countries, including South Africa, the financial sector is relying on innovative technology, especially in banking institutions, to aid in the offering of financial services to their customers. It is against this background that this article discusses selected legal and related challenges affecting the regulation and use of innovative technology to promote financial inclusion for low-income earners in South Africa. The article further discusses possible measures that could be adopted by the government, financial institutions and other relevant regulatory bodies to promote the use of innovative technology to combat the financial exclusion of low-income earners in South Africa.
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Muriu, Peter W. "Does the Quality of Institutions Matter for Financial Inclusion? Cross Country Evidence." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 7 (June 5, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n7p27.
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Despite evidence on the importance of financial inclusion, little is known about the role of institutions in fostering inclusion partly because of data availability. Using annual data corresponding to 120 countries for the period 2004-2019, this study investigates country institutional characteristics associated with the ownership of deposit accounts. A standard regression model is estimated using fixed effects panel data techniques along with financial inclusion proxy and three measures of institutional quality. This paper provides the first empirical justification that financial inclusion is non-negligibly driven by the institutional context. Specifically, rule of law and quality of regulations are crucial in enhancing financial inclusiveness, more so in Africa where they have a stronger effect relative to other regions. Banks and depositors in Africa may be operating in an environment characterized by weak legal systems and excessive or challenging regulations. The evidence presented in this paper may therefore help with the sequencing of institutional reforms that could promote financial inclusion.
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Pedersen, Poul Ove, and Dorothy McCormick. "African business systems in a globalising world." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 1 (March 1999): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99002955.
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The failure of structural adjustment programmes to promote industrialisation in Africa may be at least partly explained by the fragmentation of African business systems. In Africa, the parastatal, foreign-dominated formal and indigenous informal sectors are poorly integrated, largely as a result of the institutional environment in which they have developed. The lack of supportive financial, state and social institutions inhibits trust and accountability, and impedes the access to capital, labour market flexibility, and sub-contracting, which are needed for modern industrial development. More research is needed, both detailed studies of business systems in individual African countries, and cross-country comparisons of the linkages between the economy and the wider social and institutional environment.
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Englebert, Pierre, and Denis M. Tull. "Postconflict Reconstruction in Africa: Flawed Ideas about Failed States." International Security 32, no. 4 (April 2008): 106–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.106.
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Postconflict state reconstruction has become a priority of donors in Africa. Yet, externally sponsored reconstruction efforts have met with limited achievements in the region. This is partly due to three flawed assumptions on which reconstruction efforts are predicated. The first is that Western state institutions can be transferred to Africa. The poor record of past external efforts to construct and reshape African political and economic institutions casts doubts on the overly ambitious objectives of failed state reconstruction. The second flawed assumption is the mistaken belief in a shared understanding by donors and African leaders of failure and reconstruction. Donors typically misread the nature of African politics. For local elites, reconstruction is the continuation of war and competition for resources by new means. Thus their strategies are often inimical to the building of strong public institutions. The third flawed assumption is that donors are capable of rebuilding African states. Their ambitious goals are inconsistent with their financial, military, and symbolic means. Yet, African societies are capable of recovery, as Somaliland and Uganda illustrate. Encouraging indigenous state formation efforts and constructive bargaining between social forces and governments might prove a more fruitful approach for donors to the problem of Africa's failed states.
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Bahadur BK, Dr Man, and Medani P. Bhandari. "Microfinance Institutions: Instrumental for Promoting Financial Inclusion." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 5, no. 2 (2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.5(2).72-85.2021.
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This opinion paper provides a general overview of microfinance / microcredit which is considered one the major program to minimize the poverty, women empowerment and to socioeconomically inclusive society. There are number of success and failure stories mostly from Africa, Asia, and Latin America; however, the microfinance is global agenda of contemporary world. Based secondary sources, and own experience, the paper provides the general overview of microcredit, its success, the obstacles of microfinance and outlines very brief cases of Nepal and Bangladesh. And finally, paper provides a brief recommendation on how microcredit can be successful especially to the developing world.
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Botha, Erika, and Daniel Makina. "Financial Regulation And Supervision: Theory And Practice In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i11.6402.
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This paper discusses the theory of financial regulation and practices in countries and South Africa in particular. One of the causes of the global financial crisis (2007-2009) often cited is inadequate or improper regulation and supervision of the financial sector. The global financial crisis revealed inadequacies of extant regulatory systems which arguably had not kept pace with financial innovation. Consequently, all major economies are reforming their regulatory systems in the aftermath. In the UK the Financial Services Authority (FSA) has devised a set of banking regulation while the USA enacted the Dodd-Frank Act to revamp the regulation of financial services. Historically, financial regulation and supervision has been premised on the silo (institutional) approach whereby institutions are regulated according to functional lines. However, in the past two decades many countries in advanced economies adopted a consolidated approach in response to the emergence of financial conglomerates whose regulation could not be adequately handled by the traditional silo approach. South Africa, a middle-income developing country, has had a regulatory and supervisory system that has been driven by the market and international trends. Having started as a institutional approach, it metamorphosed into a functional approach in the late 1980s. Since the 1990s the South African regulatory and supervisory system has had at its heart the central bank regulating the banking sector and a multi-sector regulatory approach for other non-banking financial services. Though the financial sector was largely unscathed by the global financial crisis, South Africa has also moved to reform its regulatory system to embrace the twin peak model in line with trends in related countries.
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Uche, Chinyere, Emmanuel Adegbite, and Michael John Jones. "Institutional shareholder activism in Nigeria." Corporate Governance 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-12-2015-0172.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate institutional shareholder activism in Nigeria. It addresses the paucity of empirical research on institutional shareholder activism in sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach This study uses agency theory to understand the institutional shareholder approach to shareholder activism in Nigeria. The data are collected through qualitative interviews with expert representatives from financial institutions. Findings The findings indicate evidence of low-level shareholder activism in Nigeria. The study provides empirical insight into the reasons why institutional shareholders might adopt an active or passive approach to shareholder activism. The findings suggest the pension structure involving two types of pension institutions affects the ability to engage in shareholder activism. Research limitations/implications The research study advances our understanding of the status quo of institutional shareholder activism in an African context such as Nigeria. Practical implications The paper makes a practical contribution by highlighting that regulators need to consider how the financial market conditions and characteristics affect effective promotion of better governance practices and performance through shareholder activism. Originality/value This study draws attention to the implication for shareholder activism of complexities associated with an institutional arrangement where two types of financial institutions are expected to operate and manage the private pension funds in a country.
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Campbell, Bonnie. "Governance, institutional reform & the state: international financial institutions & political transition in Africa." Review of African Political Economy 28, no. 88 (June 2001): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240108704523.
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Wellen, Lukas, and Meine Pieter Van Dijk. "NEW FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE THIRD WORLD (THE EXAMPLE OF CUSTOMER CARE OF M-PESA, KENYA)." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 2(9) (March 30, 2018): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.2(9).2018.07-12.
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A well-functioning financial sector in developing countries is extremely important for economic development. This requires local institutions, which originally were often state-controlled, but gradually non-state actors conquered the financial market. Recently the growing importance of alternative forms of finance in many African countries has become remarkable. Although often created by donors, their role changed when financial inclusion, economic liberalisation and decentralization became more important. Microfinance institutions started to compete with banks by also offering a broad range of services (loans, savings, transfers, accounts, insurance). This is a frugal innovation (less regulated financial institutions compete with regulated ones at a lower cost). Meanwhile, mobile payment revolution has been taking place in Africa and other developing regions. This article analyzes these developments and suggests that these new financial technologies contribute substantially to the 4th industrial revolution in the third world countries. Financial resources that become more available replaces development initiatives and allows developing countries finance industrial and agricultural revolutions with local money. We will deal in detail with one example – the role of M-Pesa in helping people to be 'financially included' and trying to learn from their experience with customer satisfaction for other countries.
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Bandura, W. N. "Trade Openness, Institutions and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Studies in Economics and Econometrics 44, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2020.12097361.
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Yiadom, Eric Boachie, Raymond K. Dziwornu, and Stephen Yalley. "Financial inclusion, poverty and growth in Africa: can institutions help." African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ajesd.2021.114535.
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Yiadom, Eric Boachie, Raymond K. Dziwornu, and Stephen Yalley. "Financial inclusion, poverty and growth in Africa: can institutions help." African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ajesd.2021.10035495.
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Adu Amoah, Lloyd G., and Nelson Quame. "Power-with and Power-to and Building Asian Studies in Africa: Insights from the Field." African and Asian Studies 20, no. 1-2 (April 27, 2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341489.
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Abstract Taking seriously Chinweizu’s (2004) call for Asian Studies in Africa this article examines the ways in which African Asianist scholars with their partners elsewhere decided to take counterhegemonic action, and how their approach differs from the status quo as a prefigurative politics of power-with society they seek. This work explores the establishment of Centres for Asian Studies in Africa as institutional actors in the counter-hegemonic project of decolonization. The processes that led to the setting up of the Centre for Asian Studies (the first in Black Africa excepting South Africa) at the University of Ghana serve as a case study. The article utilizes information gathered through the authors’ ongoing participation over the last eight years in the ideational, organizational, logistical, financial and institution building moves that are aiding the establishment of an ultimately emancipatory Asian Studies in Africa research framework. To establish the contextual challenge, the article engages discursively with how hegemony (power-over) functions within Global North/Western/modern research agendas, funding, and institutions; and explains how and why its colonial project is most evident in Area Studies in particular. The work concludes with pointers on how these moves for building Centres for Asian studies in Africa may be useful for other institutional intellectual decolonial efforts.
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Jibrilla, Aliyu Alhaji. "THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i9.2018.1218.
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This study addresses the question of financial development and institutional quality influence on the environmental sustainability of some 13 countries from the sub-Saharan Africa. Relying upon pooled mean group (PMG) for panel data, we provide evidence which suggest that both financial development and institutional quality are statistically significant determinants of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the region. More specifically, we found that without healthy institutions and sound financial system sub-Saharan African countries might not avoid environmental degradation experienced by advanced nations during their early stage of economic progress. Our results also support the EKC hypothesis in the region. In addition, the paper also shows that more openness to FDI inflows is good for the environment across the SSA. These findings suggest the need for institutional and financial service reform that supports robust environmental conservation.
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M. Odhiambo, Nicholas. "Energy consumption and financial development in South Africa." Ekonomski pregled 70, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.70.1.3.
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This paper examines the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and financial development in South Africa during the period 1980-2013. In order to address the omission of variable bias, the study has included economic growth as an intermittent variable between financial development and energy consumption. Unlike some previous studies, this study uses three proxies for financial development: i) domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP as a proxy for financial institutions’ depth; ii) bank credit to bank deposits as a proxy for financial institutions’ stability; and iii) bank lending-deposit spread as a proxy for financial institutions’ efficiency. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and Granger-causality test, the obtained results show that there is a distinct long-run unidirectional causal flow from financial development to energy consumption in South Africa. This applies irrespective of which proxy has been used to measure the level of financial development. The study also finds that there is a long-run unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption, and a unidirectional causality from economic growth to financial development when bank lending-deposit interest rates spread is used as a proxy for financial development. This, therefore, implies that energy consumption in South Africa is largely driven by the growth-led financial development in the long run.
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Chisasa, Joseph. "Rural credit markets in South Africa: A review of theory and empirical evidence." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c3p6.
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The demand for and supply of financial services in general and credit instruments in particular by rural South Africa still remains a confounding problem. The aim of this paper is to determine the status of rural credit markets in South Africa by reviewing theory and evidence from empirical studies. It is observed that financial markets in South Africa are fragmented between formal and informal markets. Formal financial markets generally serve urban and peri-urban areas with a thin distribution of services to people living in rural areas. Rather, informal financial institutions such as savings clubs (stockvels), co-operatives, moneylenders (mashonisas) and village banks are the more dominant providers of financial services. Commercial banks and other formal financial institutions cite high operating costs such as information gathering, monitoring and enforcement as some of the reasons for limited participation in rural financial markets. Such attitudes have been observed to retard entrepreneurial innovation and growth among small to medium size enterprises and smallholder farmers. Results of this analysis have policy implications in the areas of reduction of unemployment, poverty and sustainable economic growth in South Africa. Policies directed at increasing financial intermediation via formal financial institutions are recommended
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Bernstein, James, Leroi Raputsoana, and Eric Schaling. "Credit procyclicality and financial regulation in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 4 (November 25, 2016): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i4.1244.
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This study assesses the behaviour of credit extension over the business cycle in South Africa for the period 2000 to 2012. This is motivated by the proposal of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to look at credit extension over the business cycle as a reference guide for implementing countercyclical capital buffers for financial institutions. The study finds that credit extension in South increases during the trough phase, while the relationship between credit extension and the business cycle becomes insignificant during the peak phase. The study also finds that credit extension decreases during the expansion phase, while it increases during the contraction phase. Thus we do not find any evidence of procyclical behaviour of credit extension in South Africa, and the latter should therefore be used with caution and not as a mechanical rule based common reference guide for countercyclical capital buffers for financial institutions.
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Informal Financial Service Institutions for Survival: African Women and Stokvels in Urban South Africa, 1930–1998." Enterprise & Society 2, no. 2 (June 2001): 259–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/2.2.259.
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Traditional kinship relations denied African women access to property and cash income. As they moved out of the traditional sector to urban centers, women created opportunities for independent earnings, and they displayed remarkable entrepreneurial spirit in undertaking informal economic activities. One of their tactics was the utilization of a type of rotating credit and savings organization (ROSCA), the stokvel, to mobilize savings outside the formal financial structure. This article brings together scattered research on stokvels, traces their past and present uses by African women, and concludes with an exploration of the reasons for the persistence of these forms despite the development of sophisticated financial structures in modern South Africa.
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Mishi, Syden, and Sibanisezwe Alwyn Khumalo. "Bank stability in South Africa: what matters?" Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(1).2019.11.
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The study examined the determinants of bank stability within the South African banking sector. By controlling for individual bank characteristics and market characteristics, the study determined possible determinants of solvency, a proxy for bank stability, measured by z-score within the South African financial sector. The South African financial sector is highly concentrated but with a significantly large number of banks, the greater portion being foreign owned banks. The business models of some of the financial intermediaries differ from the big four and therefore the influence of the type of business model is of great interest in this study, as it highlights a unique feature of the South African financial sector. The study’s investigation used panel data estimation techniques and found that among the specific bank characteristics, lending activity and capitalization do significantly affect solvency of banks and at sector level concentration was significant. The crisis dummy also revealed that the presence of a financial crisis heightened insolvency. The results have implications for financial institutions and therefore are of interest to regulators, bank management and researchers. Policy prescription in the form of Prompt Corrective Action framework is made to ensure proactive reaction to trends likely to cause instability.
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Nnyanzi, John Bosco. "Trade Openness and Risk Sharing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Institutions and Financial Depth Matter?" Global Economy Journal 16, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0013.
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The study investigates the extent to which trade openness could determine consumption risk sharing. The findings from panel regressions on Sub-Saharan African countries suggest a significant contribution of trade integration in the allocation of consumption risk. Further results point to the importance of reducing corruption if countries are to unhinge domestic consumption from domestic production. Additionally, as countries achieve higher financial deepening, they could become independent from international financial reliance thereby enjoying less Consumption risk sharing. The study argues for policies to promote trade and fight corruption if the observed levels of risk sharing in Sub-Saharan Africa are to improve.
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Berhanu Lakew, Tekeste, and Hossein Azadi. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?" International Journal of Financial Studies 8, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8020028.
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It is important to evaluate the impact of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion strategy since it has been launched in 2014. Accordingly, this paper assesses the extent to which the target has been met. The main aim of this study is to measure the success or failure of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion in comparison with other countries in East Africa. Using secondary data, this study revealed that Ethiopia’s financial inclusion is not as successful as other East African countries. This study also found that Ethiopians prefer informal saving clubs rather than formal financial organs. This preference, combined with unemployment and low income, is the barrier to the financial inclusion strategy. Based on the findings, identifying and addressing root causes should be done by removing distance, cost, credit, and documentation barriers. Moreover, the findings showed that access to public transit can also expand the reach of formal financial institutions by encouraging more people to physically access financial institutions. This study recommended access to formal financial organs as a core to financial institutions. Access to formal financial organs should be boosted through increasing financial institutions. Educating individuals about their financial circumstances were also recommended so that people can increase their formal saving uptake. This paper also recommended that the government develop regulatory guidelines for the functioning of financial institutions. The main outcome, therefore, is that financial institutions could be more transparent and predictable, reduce costs, and simplify the rules for entering the market.
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Nnyanzi, John Bosco, John Mayanja Bbale, and Richard Sendi. "Financial Development and Tax Revenue: How Catalytic Are Political Development and Corruption?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 8 (July 4, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n8p92.
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Increasing domestic revenue mobilization remains a challenge for many governments, particularly in low-income countries. Using a sample of East African countries, the study sets off to investigate the impact of financial development from a multi-dimensional perspective on tax revenues for the period 1990 to 2014, and how political development and the control of corruption would enhance the observed nexus. The dynamic panel results from the system GMM estimation approach indicate a significant role of financial development overall and the financial institutions and financial markets in particular. A disaggregation of the duo suggests that it is the depth of financial institutions that greatly matters for tax revenue, with a one per cent change expected to yield about 0.26 per cent change in tax collections. It is then followed by their level of accessibility, financial market depth and efficiency. We fail to find significant evidence in support of financial market access and financial institutions efficiency although the possibility for the latter seems indismissible. Further evidence points to the catalytic nature of a good institutional and political environment in pursuit of higher tax-GDP ratio via financial development. Policies to promote the depth and accessibility of financial institutions as well the depth and efficiency of financial markets in East Africa alongside well-focused anti-corruption programs and democratic governance are likely to yield better fiscal outcomes in terms of domestic tax revenues critically needed to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We also confirm the positive role played by the lagged tax revenue, per capita GDP, trade openness, debt-to-GDP ratio and population density in the tax effort.
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Abdul Basit, Tehmina Fiaz Qazi, and Abdul Aziz Khan. "A Country-Level Analysis of Worldwide Official Financing by International Financial Institutions." sjesr 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(139-146).
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This study aims to evaluate worldwide official financial flows by international financial institutions to selected 123 countries of the world. The design of the study is composed of a review of literature elicited from research databases, extraction of secondary data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020, and mathematical analysis. In real time, cross-sectional country-level data, a classical process of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has been applied. Results of the study show that Argentina, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Arab Rep., Kenya, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Chad, Tanzania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Nepal, Indonesia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Uganda have exceptionally high grey relational grade meaning thereby, having an effective system of obtaining official international financial flows. Zimbabwe, Russian Federation, Botswana, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, South Africa, Burundi, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, and Ukraine have poor grey relational grade meaning thereby, having a relatively weak system of obtaining official financial flows. It is a unique study that provides extensive information on the official financial flows of more than a hundred countries of the world and provides the basis for the informed opinion of policymakers, political governments, economic policymakers, researchers, and academia. It also provides valuable information useful for international financial institutions.
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Bare, Uweis, Yasmin Bani, Normaz Ismail, and Anitha Rosland. "Remittances and health outcomes in Sub-Saharan African countries: Understanding the role of financial development and institutional quality." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 229 (2021): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2129119b.
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the highest recipients of remittances; however, this is inconsistent with the region?s growth and the state of its weak healthcare systems. This paper therefore analyses the effect of remittances on health outcomes for 39 selected SSA countries over the period 1996 to 2016. It considers the channels through which remittances affect health outcomes, including financial development and institutional quality. Using dynamic panel estimation, we find that remittances sustain health outcomes, while both financial development and institutional quality complement remittances in this respect. SSA countries should therefore continue to improve their financial sectors and develop the quality of institutions to an adequate level. Achieving sound financial systems and institutions would both allow and attract a substantial amount of remittances, benefitting human capital and health outcomes and alleviating poverty.
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Fearon, James D. "International Financial Institutions and Economic Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010351.
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Since the 1979 oil shock and in the course of the subsequent world recession, many African governments have dramatically altered the orientation of their economic policies. States previously committed to various brands of ‘African socialism’ have been ending subsidies, reducingde factotaxes on agricultural producers, ‘privatising’ previously state-run activities, adopting more liberal exchange-rate policies, and implementing numerous other ‘market-oriented’ reforms.
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de Wet, J. H. v. H. "Capital structure and regulation implications for South African banks." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2013): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c9art1.
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Past research on capital structure was spearheaded by the ground-breaking models of Nobel Prize laureates Modigliani and Miller. However, little research has been done on the application of their and other theories to banking institutions located in Southern Africa. This study analyses the determinants of the capital structure of banks in South Africa based on secondary financial data and by performing this analysis attempts to establish trends in capital structure policy and regulatory compliance. The study also identifies best practices that contribute to the overall value and performance of the banking institution. Conclusions drawn from the results and literature create greater understanding of the dynamics of capital structure and its implications for South African Banks.
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Chikalipah, Sydney. "Financial leverage and profitability of microfinance institutions in sub-Saharan Africa." Enterprise Development and Microfinance 30, no. 1 (March 2019): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.18-00009.
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Coetzee, G., and N. Vink. "THE EFFICIENCY AND OUTREACH OF RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Agrekon 35, no. 4 (December 1996): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.1996.9524845.
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Bbale, John Mayanja, and John Bosco Nnyanzi. "Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Regions." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p11.
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<p>The paper set out to investigate the nexus between institutional quality and inward FDI and how the presence of liberalization and financial development influence this linkage. We build on Dunning’s eclectic paradigm that focuses on locational advantages. A fixed effects approach is employed and the estimation results confirm the crucial role of institutional quality in attracting FDI inflows. However the impact varies with the particular group. In particular, apart from SADC, institutional quality seems to matter significantly in all the other groups especially in EAC and ECOWAS. Additional findings reveal a mixed impact regarding the presence of financial development and liberalization in the institution-FDI nexus: While Trade liberalization policies seem to be at the forefront in ECOWAS and SADC groups, it is credit depth and capital account openness that appear to matter most in EAC. We confirm the resilience of inward FDI during the global crisis and document a positive significant relationship between FDI inflows on the one hand and host market size and infrastructure development on the other. While a one-size-fits-all-policy should be discouraged due to the heterogeneous nature of SSA countries, overall, a comprehensive set of policies designed with caution to improve the institutional quality, the financial system, trade openness and capital account liberalization would be valuable for attracting FDI inflows to SSA.</p>
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Mutuality and regulation: The transition from mutual to public in the South African longterm insurance industry." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i2.300.
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The mutual structure of various financial institutions has changed internationally, especially during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Various explanations have been offered. Some commentators argue the mutual organisational form has become redundant, others consider structural changes in the financial services industry as the main reason for organisational changes. In the United Kingdom the stronger emphasis on profitability had a profound impact on the decision to demutualise many building societies. In the USA the failure of mutual savings and loan associations resulted in demutualisation as a rescue strategy. This paper will explore the specific circumstances in South Africa of the changes in the mutual organisational form of building societies and insurance companies. The mutual form of organisation has a long history in South Africa. This paper will explore the reasons for the early choice of mutuality and the recent forces leading to the demutualisation of companies in order to list as public entities on stock exchanges, both in South Africa and abroad. South Africa experienced varying degrees of international isolation and sanctions, but, in the financial services industry, a strong international connection was sustained. The South African experience will be considered against the international changes in the financial services industry as well as the regulatory changes in South Africa. The paper will explain the peculiar South African conditions as the context for the organisational changes in South African mutual.
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Bonsu, Osei-Assibey Mandella, Li Kao Dui, Zou Muyun, Evans Kwabena Asare, and Isaac Adu Amankwaa. "Corporate Fraud: Causes, Effects, and Deterrence on Financial Institutions in Ghana." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 28 (October 31, 2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n28p315.
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This paper focuses on finding the causes, effects, and deterrence and prevention of corporate fraud in the financial institution of Ghana. In particular, we examine the effects of fraud on a firm’s financial performance. A cross sectional model was used to find the effects of financial institutions fraud on financial performance. It was revealed that fraud has a significant negative effects on financial performance i.e. Return on Assets of financial institutions in Ghana. However, structured questionnaires were also used to find out the perception of Accountants, Auditors, and management on the main causes of banking fraud and deterrence and prevention methods in curbing the menace. It was revealed that weaker internal control, inadequate training and fraud policies, failed documents, and proper remuneration are the strong arsenal that causes fraud in financial institutions of Ghana. Moreover, organizational use of password protection, good remuneration, employee’s background checks, and adequate fraud training were perceived as the most deterrence and prevention method in fighting fraud in financial institutions. Our results have practical implication for management, accountants, auditors, and all stakeholders in financial institutions on the effects of fraud on firms financial performance and in mounting fool proof methods in curbing this canker and reducing it to its bearest minimum. The study contributes deterrence and prevention methods aimed at improving its effectiveness in reducing fraud in Ghana and West Africa.
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Chikalipah, Sydney. "Do microsavings stimulate financial performance of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa?" Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 1072–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2017-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the empirical relationship between microsavings and the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is decidedly empirical, and employs data obtained from Microfinance Information eXchange (MIX). The data set consists of 350 microfinance MFIs domiciled in 36 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period covering 1998–2012. Findings The panel estimation results consistently show that there exists a negative and statistically significant relationship between microsavings and the financial performance of MFIs in SSA. This is perhaps surprising, albeit rational considering the exceedingly elevated operating expenses that ascend from mobilizing and managing microsavings, ceteris paribus, that could erode firm profitability. The paper draws policy implications from these important findings. Research limitations/implications Even though generalized method of moment estimation technique was employed and robustness checks, the issue of endogeneity cannot be eliminated entirely. Practical implications Microfinance industry is one of the fastest growing segments of the financial sector in SSA. The industry is increasingly becoming the core of financial inclusion in the region where two-thirds of the adult population lack access to formal financial services. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of the role microsavings play in the financial performance of MFIs can contribute to the growth of the industry. Originality/value This study is timely considering the significant growth in the number of microsavings – there are currently twice as many microsavings accounts in SSA as there are microcredits. More importantly, based on 400 MFIs, that reported data to MIX in 2016, the total microsavings stood at about US$11bn against an aggregate loan portfolio of about US$10.5bn. The remarkable growth of microsavings in SSA, from less than US$100m in 2000 to US$11bn in 2016, is the main motivation of undertaking this study.
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Fombang, MccPowell Sali, and Charles Komla Adjasi. "Access to finance and firm innovation." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-10-2016-0070.
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Purpose The study aims to examine the importance of access to finance in firm innovation by using firm-level data from the World Bank enterprise survey (WBES) on selected African countries. Design/methodology/approach This study utilises firm-level data from the WBES database and computes aggregate innovation index by using multiple correspondent analysis. The authors then apply instrumental variable models (to control for possible endogeneity between innovation and finance) to assess the link between finance and innovation. Findings The research finds that finance in the form of overdraft overwhelmingly drives innovation in all selected countries – Cameroon, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa. Trade credit enhances innovation among firms in Nigeria, South Africa and Cameroon, while asset finance drives innovation amongst firms in Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa. Practical implications Policy incentives such as tax breaks could be put in place for financial intermediaries that have shown proof of extending loans to financially constraint firms to enable them to innovate. Furthermore, different financial institutions such as microfinance institutions can be supported to increase credit to enterprises. Partnerships with organisations willing to fund firms and support start-ups should be encouraged. One of such support mechanisms could be specialised schemes such as a credit guarantee scheme to encourage and secure lending to enterprises to promote innovation. Originality/value This paper provides empirical insights into how finance enhances innovation in African enterprises. It also shows how different finance structures (overdraft, asset finance and trade credit) affect firm innovation in different African countries.
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van Schalkwyk, Susan, Bridget C. O’Brien, Cees van der Vleuten, Tim J. Wilkinson, Ilse Meyer, Anna M. S. Schmutz, and Lara Varpio. "Exploring perspectives on health professions education scholarship units from sub-Saharan Africa." Perspectives on Medical Education 9, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00619-8.
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Abstract Introduction There has been a marked increase in institutional structures developed to support health professions education scholarship recently. These health professions education scholarship units (HPESUs) engage in a diverse range of activities. Previous work provided insight into factors that influence the functioning of such units, but data from European, Asian, Latin American, and African contexts was absent, potentially leading to a single world-view informing international standards for HPESUs. This aim of this study was to explore perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in response to this omission. Methods Situated within an interpretivist paradigm, the research team conducted semi-structured interviews with nine HPESU leaders in SSA, exploring how participants experienced and understood the functioning of their units. Despite efforts to have representation from across the region, most participants were from South Africa. The researchers analysed data thematically using the theory of institutional logics as an analytical frame. Results Several aspects of the HPESUs aligned with the previously identified logics of academic research, service and teaching; and of a cohesive education continuum. By contrast, leaders described financial sustainability as a more prominent logic than financial accountability. Discussion The similarities identified in this study may reflect isomorphism—a process which sees institutions within a similar field becoming more alike, particularly as newer institutions seek to acquire legitimacy within that field. An important caveat, however, is that isomorphism tends to occur across similar institutional contexts, which was not the case in this study. Understanding these differences is key as these HPESUs move to foster scholarship that can respond to the region’s unique context.
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Dieng, Abdou Khadre, and Abdoulaye Camara. "Financial Development, Institutions and Economic Growth in WAEMU Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 8 (July 18, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n8p40.
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This paper aims to study the impact of financial development and the institutional environment on economic growth in the countries of the WAEMU (West Africa Economic and Monetary Union) zone. We used a standard growth model like Eggoh (2010) with a cointegration technique on panel data. We used the 2017 World Bank database (World Bank data, 2017).
The results showed that money supply to GDP (M2/GDP), domestic bank credit to GDP (CB/GDP) and regulatory quality (QR) have a positive and significant impact on long-term economic growth. However, the positive effect of respect for law and order is not significant.
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Bhowmik, Dr Debesh. "International Organizations, Institutions and the Indigenous people." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 2 (2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(2).81-95.2021.
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The paper explains the role of international institutions and international organizations which usually have been working for the rights, freedom, survival, livelihood and financial assistances of the indigenous people since the inception of peoples’ democracy in India and abroad. The possible policies that can be helpful for indigenous people in the present world have been also discussed here. How do international financial institutions assist the indigenous people to maintain their social livelihood through their projects, how UNFCCC, IIPFCC, GFC, IAITPTF, IWGIA, IPLP have been working with tribal people in climate change, forest policies and assisting laws and other social and economic activities have been discussed in this paper. Generally, UNFCCC recommended policies on the victimized tribes due to climate change calamities. Since 2019, GFC with their 99 indigenous and non-indigenous member groups from 65 countries have been supporting the struggles of indigenous people by bringing their views, positions and proposals to the forefront of local, national, and global forest-related decision-making processes. IAITPTF has been protecting the tribal people of tropical forest areas in Africa and Latin America. IWGIA in collaboration with ECOSOC have been working for indigenous people in Amazon Basin, Asia, Africa, Latin America and Russia enacting of REDD+ and rights in forests in context of climate change. Since 1999, IPCB protects tribal genetic resources, knowledge, culture, human right and negative effects of biotechnology. The IITC has been organizing tribes to participate in local, regional, national and international events on their survival through human rights agendas. IPACC which consists of 135 tribal organisations in 20 African countries, has been fighting for human rights, legal rights and social inclusion of tribes. The World Bank and African Development Bank took various policies and projects for financing tribal development such as OD4.20. UNDP, ILO and IITC nourish the human rights in the process of development in education and health of tribal people.
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Mashigo, Polly, and Humayun Kabir. "Village banks: a financial strategy for developing the South African poor households." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(2).2016.01.
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Access to financial services is a vital component of poverty alleviation, community and individual development. The major constraint experienced by poor South African households is lack of financial support emanating from systemic weaknesses of the formal financial institutions which include lack of infrastructural facilities, high transaction costs and traditional collateral. The objective of this study is to propose a financial strategy that would improve access to financial services and develop the poor households in South Africa. The research is literature-based since it draws on a wide range of academic literature that documents village/community banks and financing the poor. International best practices which are equally important and crucial are used to identify financial inclusion strategy that alleviates the need for collateral and high transaction costs in financial transactions. The study reveals that village banks create access to basic financial services to the poor households on a sustainable basis through community/village mutual trust, relationships, accountability, perfect knowledge, customs and participation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that village banks be established and supported adequately and used as a financial inclusion strategy for developing the poor households in South Africa