Relevant bibliographies by topics / Financial crisis policy-making

Academic literature on the topic 'Financial crisis policy-making'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Financial crisis policy-making"

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Gandrud, Christopher, and Mícheál O'Keeffe. "Information and financial crisis policy-making." Journal of European Public Policy 24, no. 3 (April 8, 2016): 386–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1149205.

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Aliuddin, Sadaf. "European Central Bank Policy-Making and the Financial Crisis." CFA Digest 42, no. 3 (August 2012): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v42.n3.42.

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Gorter, Janko, Fauve Stolwijk, Jan Jacobs, and Jakob de Haan. "EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK POLICY-MAKING AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS." International Journal of Finance & Economics 19, no. 2 (March 7, 2012): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1452.

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LIEW, LEONG H. "The Role of China's Bureaucracy in its No-Devaluation Policy during the Asian Financial Crisis." Japanese Journal of Political Science 4, no. 1 (May 2003): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109903001002.

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Analysts have generally offered two explanations for China's no-devaluation policy during the Asian financial crisis. The first is China's good economic fundamentals and the renminbi is not fully convertible. The second is China's foreign relations' imperative. China was endeavouring to seek favourable entry conditions into the WTO and improve relations with its Asian neighbours. At the same time it sought to exploit the undercurrent of resentment in Asia towards the role played by the US during the crisis. Policy making in China has become more institutionalized in the post-Deng era, but these explanations ignore the role of China's domestic bureaucratic actors in exchange rate policy making. This paper examines the exchange rate regime preferences of China's key economic ministries and their influences in exchange rate policy making and argues that Party leaders were able to adopt a no-devaluation policy throughout the crisis because China's key economic ministries actively supported or acquiesced to that policy.
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He, Shenjing, Mengzhu Zhang, and Zongcai Wei. "The state project of crisis management: China’s Shantytown Redevelopment Schemes under state-led financialization." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 3 (October 17, 2019): 632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19882427.

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Since 2008, China has introduced state-led financialization to inject low-interest, stable and long-term loans to facilitate urban redevelopment through national shantytown redevelopment schemes (SRSs). Extending critical state theories to China’s transitional economy, we consider SRSs to be a policy model of the state project (mode of policy-making) of crisis management that aims to revitalize the national economy in the wake of the global financial crisis. Essentially, this state project serves to tackle the legitimation crisis threatened by both the economic crisis and the escalating social discontent. Drawing on an empirical study of Chengdu, a regional hub in western China spearheading SRSs, this paper examines how the Chinese state at different levels interacts with the nascent financial market in the creation of a new “model” of urban redevelopment under state-led financialization. Having been exploited to manage economic and legitimation crises, this model has simultaneously become a source of “crisis of crisis-management” owing to the state’s “over-intervention”. This research contributes to a fresh understanding of the multiplicity of financialization by linking the financialization of urban built environment with the financialization of the state project, in which financial motives and practices shape the mode of policy making. The Chinese experience also presents a decentered interpretation of state-led financialization that renews our understanding of the multifaceted state and state projects, particularly the hybridized, often contradictory motivations and socio-economic outcomes of state interventions.
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Murai, Taiki, and Gunther Schnabl. "Macroeconomic Policy Making and Current Account Imbalances in the Euro Area." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital: Volume 54, Issue 3 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.54.3.347.

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The paper analyses the role of fiscal and monetary policy for the development of the current account imbalances in the euro area, including the most recent developments during the coronavirus crisis. Several financial transmission channels such as international bank lending, changes in TARGET2 balances, international rescue credit and government bond purchases of euro area central banks are identified. It is found that differing fiscal policy stances which have interacted differently with the ECB’s monetary policy have been at roots of first diverging and then converging current account positions in the euro area. Since the European financial and debt crisis, public financing mechanisms and the unconventional monetary of the ECB have contributed to the persistence of intra-euro area current account imbalances.
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Bouchetara, Mehdi, Abdelkader Nassour, and Sidi Eyih. "Macroprudential policy and financial stability, role and tools." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 4 (2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(4).45-54.2020.

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The aim of macroprudential policy is to ensure financial stability by avoiding the outbreak of banking crises, which have a dangerous effect on the economy. Is macroprudential policy effective in the face of banking crises and systemic risks? The macroprudential policy has received significant interest from policy-makers and researchers. A few developing countries were using macroprudential policy tools well before the 2008 financial crisis, but significant progress has been made thereafter in both emerging and industrialized economies to put in place specific institutional settings for macroprudential policy. The fundamental objective of macroprudential policy is to maintain the stability of the financial system by making it more resistant and preventing the risk build-up. The objective of this paper is to analyze the important role of macroprudential policy in ensuring overall financial stability. Since the financial crisis of 2008, macroprudential policy has been increasingly used across economies. These measures aim at smoothing financial cycles and thereby mitigating the impact on the real economy, thereby allowing monetary policy to focus on price stability and promote growth and full employment. Macroprudential policy instruments fall into two categories, depending on their purpose, namely, to prevent procyclicality or to enhance the resilience and soundness of the financial system against shocks. The first category of instruments is used to stop bubbles from forming and smooth cycles, i.e. to force the debt-equity of economic operators on an income basis to prevent unsustainable credit bubbles, or to require dynamic loss provisioning rules. The second category of macro-prudential policy is to improve the resilience to shocks, such as capital surcharges for systemic institutions or the requirement to hold liquid assets to cope with market panics, and to make the financial system less complex. Keywords: macroprudential policy, financial stability, tools and measures, systemic risks.
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Macartney, Huw, David Howarth, and Scott James. "Bank power and public policy since the financial crisis." Business and Politics 22, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.35.

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AbstractDespite much commentary in the media and the popular assumption that the banking industry exerts undue influence on government policy-making, the academic literature on the role of the banks since the 2008 financial crisis remains theoretically and empirically under-specified. In particular, we argue that different forms of financial power are often conflated, while favorable policy outcomes are too-readily assumed to be evidence of regulatory capture. In short, we still know relatively little about how bank influence varies over time and in different national contexts, the extent to which banking interests are unified or divided, and the conditions under which banks are capable of producing meaningful variation in policy outcomes. This article has three objectives: 1) to explain why the debate on bank influence matters; 2) to examine the evidence of bank influence since the international financial crisis; and 3) to set out a range of conceptual tools for thinking about bank power.
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Nelson, Stephen C., and Peter J. Katzenstein. "Uncertainty, Risk, and the Financial Crisis of 2008." International Organization 68, no. 2 (2014): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818313000416.

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AbstractThe distinction between uncertainty and risk, originally drawn by Frank Knight and John Maynard Keynes in the 1920s, remains fundamentally important today. In the presence of uncertainty, market actors and economic policy-makers substitute other methods of decision making for rational calculation—specifically, actors' decisions are rooted in social conventions. Drawing from innovations in financial markets and deliberations among top American monetary authorities in the years before the 2008 crisis, we show how economic actors and policy-makers live in worlds of riskanduncertainty. In that world social conventions deserve much greater attention than conventional IPE analyses accords them. Such conventions must be part of our toolkit as we seek to understand the preferences and strategies of economic and political actors.
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Amromin, Gene, Neil Bhutta, and Benjamin J. Keys. "Refinancing, Monetary Policy, and the Credit Cycle." Annual Review of Financial Economics 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-012720-120430.

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We assess the complicated reality of monetary policy transmission through mortgage markets by synthesizing the existing literature on the role of refinancing in policy implementation. After briefly reviewing mortgage market institutions in the USA and documenting refinance activity over time, we summarize the links between refinancing and consumption and describe the frictions impeding the refinancing channel. The review draws heavily on research emerging from the experience of the financial crisis of 2008–2009, as it highlights a combination of market, institutional, and policy-making factors that dulled the transmission mechanism. We conclude with a discussion of potential mortgage market innovations and the applicability of lessons learned to the ongoing stresses induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Books on the topic "Financial crisis policy-making"

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Decline to fall: The making of British macro-economic policy and the 1976 IMF crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Patricia, Lustig, and Sparrow Oliver, eds. Beyond crisis: Achieving renewal in a turbulent world. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Les enseignements de la crise des subprimes. Paris: C. Juglar, 2011.

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Akyüz, Yılmaz. The making of the Turkish financial crisis. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2002.

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Carlos Fernando Lagrota R. Lopes. A high interest rate trap: The making of the Brazilian crisis. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]: Departamento de Divulgação, BNDES, Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, Brasil Governo Federal, 2009.

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Gerard, Caprio, and Levine Ross, eds. Guardians of finance: Making regulators work for us. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2012.

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Pollack, Mark A., Helen Wallace, and Alasdair R. Young. 19. Policy-Making in a Time of Crisis Trends and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.003.0019.

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This chapter examines trends and challenges in European Union policy-making during times of crisis. It first considers the main trends in EU policy-making that emerge from policy case studies, including experimentation with new modes of policy-making, often in conjunction with more established modes, leading to hybridization; renegotiation of the role of the member states (and their domestic institutions) in the EU policy process; and erosion of traditional boundaries between internal and external policies. The chapter proceeds by discussing the issue of national governance as well as the interaction between European and global governance. Finally, it explores how the EU has responded to the challenges of coping with enlargement from fifteen to twenty-eight member states, digesting the reforms adopted following the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon, and responding to the economic dislocation associated with the global financial crisis.
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Hodson, Dermot. 7. Policy-Making under Economic and Monetary Union Crisis, Change, and Continuity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the role of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in the European Union’s macroeconomic policy-making. As of 2015, nineteen members of the euro area have exchanged national currencies for the euro and delegated responsibility for monetary policy and financial supervision to the European Central Bank (ECB). EMU is a high-stakes experiment in new modes of EU policy-making insofar as the governance of the euro area relies on alternatives to the traditional Community method, including policy coordination, intensive transgovernmentalism, and delegation to de novo bodies. The chapter first provides an overview of the origins of the EMU before discussing the launch of the single currency and the sovereign debt crisis. It also considers variations on the Community method, taking into account the ECB and the European Stability Mechanism.
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Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, Christilla Roederer-Rynning, and Alasdair R. Young, eds. Policy-Making in the European Union. 8th ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198807605.001.0001.

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Policy-Making in the European Union explores the link between the modes and mechanisms of EU policy-making and its implementation at the national level. From defining the processes, institutions and modes through which policy-making operates, the text moves on to situate individual policies within these modes, detail their content, and analyse how they are implemented, navigating policy in all its complexities. The first part of the text examines processes, institutions, and the theoretical and analytical underpinnings of policy-making, while the second part considers a wide range of policy areas, from economics to the environment, and security to the single market. Throughout the text, theoretical approaches sit side by side with the reality of key events in the EU, including enlargement, the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, and the financial crisis and resulting Eurozone crisis, focusing on what determines how policies are made and implemented. This includes major developments such as the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and new initiatives to promote EU energy security. In the final part, the chapters consider trends in EU policy-making and the challenges facing the EU.
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Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds. Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.001.0001.

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Policy-Making in the European Union explores the link between the modes and mechanisms of EU policy-making and its implementation at the national level. From defining the processes, institutions and modes through which policy-making operates, the text moves on to situate individual policies within these modes, detail their content, and analyse how they are implemented, navigating policy in all its complexities. The first part of the text examines processes, institutions, and the theoretical and analytical underpinnings of policy-making, while the second part considers a wide range of policy areas, from economics to the environment, and security to the single market. Throughout the text, theoretical approaches sit side by side with the reality of key events in the EU, including enlargement, the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, and the financial crisis and resulting Eurozone crisis, focusing on what determines how policies are made and implemented. This includes major developments such as the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and new initiatives to promote EU energy security. In the final part, the chapters consider trends in EU policy-making and the challenges facing the EU.
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Book chapters on the topic "Financial crisis policy-making"

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Marinkoviċ, Srdjan. "Managing the Financial Crisis: Credit Crunch and Response in Serbia." In Public Policy Making in the Western Balkans, 171–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9346-9_9.

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Tegnér, Per. "The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Political Decision-Making." In Yearbook on Space Policy, 149–58. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1649-4_3.

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Lindsey, David E. "Imagining Financial Armageddon, Making Emergency Loans in the Crisis, and Pursuing QE1." In A Century of Monetary Policy at the Fed, 91–108. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57859-4_7.

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Benfica, Rui, Judith Chambers, Jawoo Koo, Alejandro Nin-Pratt, José Falck-Zepeda, Gert-Jan Stads, and Channing Arndt. "Food System Innovations and Digital Technologies to Foster Productivity Growth and Rural Transformation." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 421–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_22.

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AbstractThis chapter looks at food system innovations and digital technologies as important drivers of productivity growth and improved food and nutrition security. The analysis emphasizes a mix of research feasibility and technology-enabling policy factors necessary to realize pro-poor benefits. Given their transformative potential and the urgency of developing the enabling R&D and policy trajectories required for impact, we highlight genome editing bio-innovations, specifically CRISPR-Cas9, to address sustainable agricultural growth; and digital technologies, including remote sensing, connected sensors, artificial intelligence, digital advisory services, digital financial services, and e-commerce, to help guide the operations and decision-making of farmers, traders, and policymakers in agricultural value chains.The analysis points to the need to close critical gaps in R&D investments, capabilities, and enabling policies and regulations to accelerate the scaling and adoption of innovations. At the global level, the engagement of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with global players should be facilitated to strengthen intellectual property (IP) access and the management of innovations; and North–South, South–South, and triangular cooperation should be promoted to strengthen LMICs’ regulatory capabilities. At the national level, countries need to invest in science-based participatory approaches to identify and adapt technologies to local conditions; close regulatory gaps through evidence-based frameworks that enable the rapid development, deployment, and safe use of innovations; close institutional and human capacity gaps by addressing limitations in institutional capacities and coordination, while training a new generation of scientists with the skills needed to develop and deliver innovations; develop an understanding of political economy factors for a nuanced knowledge of actors’ agendas to better inform communications and address technology hesitancy; close digital infrastructure gaps in rural areas by promoting simultaneous investments in digital infrastructure and electrification, reducing data costs, and improving digital literacy; and develop sustainable business models for digital service providers to help them achieve profitability, interoperability, and scale to reach a sustainable critical mass, and thus facilitate the adoption of food system innovations.
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Kapur, Basant K. "ECONOMIC POLICY-MAKING IN SINGAPORE: SOME REFLECTIONS." In Challenges for the Singapore Economy After the Global Financial Crisis, 63–73. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814343947_0003.

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Hodson, Dermot. "7. Economic and Monetary Union." In Policy-Making in the European Union, 152–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198807605.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the role of the economic and monetary union (EMU) in the European Union’s macroeconomic policy-making. As of 2015, nineteen members of the euro area have exchanged national currencies for the euro and delegated responsibility for monetary policy and financial supervision to the European Central Bank (ECB). EMU is a high-stakes experiment in new modes of EU policy-making insofar as the governance of the euro area relies on alternatives to the traditional Community method, including policy coordination, intensive transgovernmentalism, and delegation to de novo bodies. The chapter first provides an overview of the origins of the EMU before discussing the launch of the single currency, the sovereign debt crisis, and economic responses to Covid-19. It also considers variations on the Community method, taking into account the ECB and the European Stability Mechanism.
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Molina, Oscar, and Alejandro Godino. "Trade unions, policy analysis, and the policy process." In Policy Analysis in Spain, 246–64. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353744.003.0013.

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This chapter explores policy analysis in trade unions and reveals three factors that play a key role in explaining the type and intensity of the policy analysis activities trade unions develop: the trade unions’ role in the policy process, the trade unions’ organisational characteristics and industrial relations institutions. The analysis shows an erosion of the forms of institutionalised involvement and intermittent patterns of policy concertation that have reduced the trade unions’ participation in public policy making and implementation, especially during the 2008 financial crisis. Before this erosion, the trade unions tried to strengthen their policy analysis capacities, including through the production of evidence-based reports for policy making and more intense use of social networks to reach broader segments of the population, among others. Moreover, they have forged alliances at the EU level in recent years to create and strengthen their research dimension.
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Hofmann, Christian. "Central Banks and Their Limits in a Pandemic." In Covid-19 in Asia, 97–112. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553831.003.0007.

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This chapter details the reactions of central banks to the current Covid-19 pandemic and contrasts them with their monetary policy operations during normal (non-crisis) times and their reactions to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009. It situates the response of central banks in Asia within a global context, examining and comparing the responses of central banks in the United States, the Euro area, the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong. Moreover, the chapter explains why this crisis is unprecedented, making it dangerous in terms of financial stability and state finances and difficult for central banks to return to normality. In the current crisis, central banks find themselves in an ambiguous situation. On the one hand, they are better prepared than they were thirteen years ago when the GFC erupted. On the other hand, relying on experience from the GFC comes with risks. No two crises are ever the same, and this is especially true for the Covid-19 pandemic. Financial markets and economies are not the triggers of this crisis as they were in many previous crises when central banks had to react swiftly and forcefully; instead, they have fallen victim to a calamity that paralyzes society, trade, and business globally.
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Haliassos, Michael, Gikas Hardouvelis, Margarita Tsoutsoura, and Dimitri Vayanos. "Financial Development and the Credit Cycle in Greece1." In Beyond Austerity. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035835.003.0007.

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This chapter reviews the developments in Greece's financial system since the beginning of the crisis. The chapter places them in a broader context by (i) evaluating the long-term performance of Greece's financial system in comparison to other countries, and (ii) reviewing the credit boom-and-bust cycle that Greece has experienced since Euro entry. Risks in the Greek economy remain overly concentrated to those originating them and are not well diversified. By raising the cost of equity capital for firms, this impedes investment. It also drives up corporate leverage, thus making the economy more vulnerable to shocks. These vulnerabilities manifested themselves even before the sovereign crisis hit. Strengthening investor protection, through improvements in the justice system and financial regulation, is an important part of the solution. In the shorter run, the debt overhang problem in the private sector should be addressed. The chapter discusses policy options to achieve these goals.
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Musiałkowska, Ida, and Piotr Idczak. "How Covid-19 impacted the European integration processes? The case of EU Cohesion Policy and budget." In Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective, 30–43. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/i2.

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Purpose: The current pandemic crisis caused by Covid-19 significantly impacted the processes of European integration. The European Union decided to act within and beyond existing competences and instruments to support the efforts of its Member States, along with regional and local authorities, in the fight against Covid-19. Our study sheds light on the instruments and solutions proposed within the framework of the cohesion and budget policy to tackle the problems related to Covid-19 in Europe. The analysis focuses on two strands: 1) EU assistance offered through cohesion policy (CP) instruments toward above areas; 2) the future evolution of EU budget, and therefore integration shifts, provoked by the Covid-19 crisis. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzes statistical data with regard to the use of instruments of the Cohesion Policy under the Covid-19 pandemic, but also the amendments introduced to legal acts and decision-making processes that refer to the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021–2027. Findings: We notice a strong shift of priorities regarding environment transformation, digitalization, and health protection, reflected in the MFF. The coordinative role of European institutions and the redirection of different financial instruments to health care follows the neofunctionalist paradigm and represents a spillover effect resulting from integration. The crisis analyzed from the institutional perspective is seen as a chance to reform the decision-making process, while on the other hand, as a threat to the inclusive integration of all Member States. Originality and value: The paper is an original contribution on the overall use of both financial and legislative instruments in the times of unprecedented health and economic crisis caused by Covid-19 in the European Union. The text can be a valuable insight for both researchers and practitioners in the field of broadly understood European studies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Financial crisis policy-making"

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Yada, Katsutoshi, and Kohei Ichikawa. "Decision support system for policy making during a financial crisis." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC-2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grc.2011.6122693.

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Spiliotopoulou, Lefkothea, Dimitrios Damopoulos, Yannis Charalabidis, Manolis Maragoudakis, and Stefanos Gritzalis. "Europe in the shadow of financial crisis: Policy Making via Stance Classification." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2017.343.

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Pandit, Priyanka, Arjun Earthperson, Alp Tezbasaran, and Mihai A. Diaconeasa. "A Quantitative Approach to Assess the Likelihood of Supply Chain Shortages." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73696.

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Abstract We define supply chains (SCs) as sequences of processes that link the demand and supply of goods or services within a network. SCs are prone to shortages in delivering their output goals due to several factors such as personnel undersupply, inefficient processes, policy failure, equipment malfunction, natural hazards, pandemic outbreaks, power outages, or economic crises. Recent notable supply-chain failures include the 2021 Texas power crisis, personal protection equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, and regional or global food chain shortages. The consequences of such shortages can range from negligible to devastating. The Texas power crisis resulted in the death of 70 people and left approximately 4.5 billion homes and businesses without power for multiple days. In this paper, we presented a methodology to quantify the failure probability of the throughput of a supply chain. We divided the methodology into two major categories of steps. In the first step, we converted the given or assumed supply chain data into fault trees and quantify them. In the second step, we iterated the quantification of the fault tree to build a supply chain shortage risk profile. We introduced the notion of success criteria for the output from a facility, based on which we included or excluded the facility for quantification. With the inclusion of relevant field data, we believe that our methodology can enable the stakeholders in the supply-chain decision-making process to detect vulnerable facilities and risk-inform prevention and mitigation actions. Applications for this methodology can include construction, inventory stocking, assessing manufacturing quantities, policy changes, personnel allocation, and financial investment for critical industries such as nuclear, pharmaceutical, aviation, etc.
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Pejović, Aleksandar-Andrija. "“WOULD MONEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?”: HOW EFFECTIVE CAN THE RULE-OF-LAW-BASED PROTECTION OF FINANCIAL INTERESTS IN THE EU STRUCTURAL AND ENLARGEMENT POLICY BE?" In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18362.

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In recent years, the rule of law and, especially, its “proper” implementation has become one of the most debated topics in Europe in recent years. The “Big Bang Enlargement” marked the beginning of dilemmas whether the new EU Member States fulfil the necessary rule of law criteria and opened the way for divergent views on how to implement TEU Article 2 values in practice. Furthermore, constant problems and difficulty of the candidate countries to fulfil the necessary rule of law criteria added to the complexity of the problem. In turn, the European institutions have tried to introduce a series of mechanisms and procedures to improve the oversight and make the states follow the rules - starting from the famous Treaty on the European Union (TEU) Article 7, the Rule of Law Mechanism, annual reports on the rule of law and the most recent Conditionality Regulation. The Conditionality Regulation was finally adopted in December 2020 after much discussion and opposition from certain EU Member States. It calls for the suspension of payments, commitments and disbursement of instalments, and a reduction of funding in the cases of general deficiencies with the rule of law. On the other hand, similar provisions were laid out in the February 2020 enlargement negotiation methodology specifying that in the cases of no progress, imbalance of the overall negotiations or regression, the scope and intensity of pre-accession assistance can be adjusted downward thus descaling financial assistance to candidate countries. The similarities between the two mechanisms, one for the Member States, the other for candidate countries shows an increased sharing of experiences and approaches to dealing with possible deficiencies or breaches of the rule of law through economic sanctioning, in order to resolve challenges to the unity of the European union. The Covid-19 pandemic and the crisis it has provoked on many fronts has turned the attention of the Member States (i.e. the Council) away from the long running problematic issues. Consequently, the procedures against Poland and Hungary based on the Rule of Law Mechanism have slowed down or become fully stalled, while certain measures taken up by some European states have created concerns about the limitations of human rights and liberties. This paper, therefore, analyses the efforts the EU is making in protecting the rule of law in its Member States and the candidate countries. It also analyses the new focus of the EU in the financial area where it has started to develop novel mechanisms that would affect one of the most influential EU tools – the funding of member and candidate countries through its structural and enlargement policy. Finally, it attempts to determine and provide conclusions on the efficiency of new instruments with better regulated criteria and timing of activities will be and how much they would affect the EU and its current and future member states.
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Иванова, Наталия Александровна. "THEORIES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF RUSSIA'S REGIONAL POLICY." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Ноябрь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nov322.2021.42.96.006.

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Актуальность исследования для экономики усиливается такими явлениями, как влияние мирового финансового кризиса, усложнение отраслевой и территориальной структуры производства, усиление интеграции всех сфер общественной жизни, возрастание значения экологических, социальных и политических факторов развития общества, повышение трансакционных издержек принятия решений в сфере управления. Изучение литературы о территориях дает основание определить понятие региональной системы России как элемент, подсистему некоторой иерархической системы, в роли которой выступает национальная экономика. Процессы глобализации коренным образом изменяют роль регионов в национальной экономике. Регион постепенно становится не только отдельным экономическим агентом, но также вступает в мировые конкурентные процессы. Положение территориально-организованных систем оказывается зависимым не только от макроэкономических условий или возможностей самих регионов, но также от расстановки конкурентных сил, механизмов взаимодействия регионов с другими субъектами. В этой связи возникает необходимость системных исследований с целью выработки комплекса мер, которые будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности экономики в целом, ее регионов в частности. Существующий инструментарий региональной экономики является уже недостаточным для анализа такого рода проблем, а традиционный конкурентный анализ не рассматривает регионы в качестве субъектов конкуренции. Требуется расширение и применение новых теоретических подходов к анализу региональных экономических систем и эффективности их развития, формированию целостной концепции развития территориальной организации хозяйства, что обусловило актуальность данного исследования. The relevance of the study for the economy is enhanced by such phenomena as the impact of the global financial crisis, the complication of the sectoral and territorial structure of production, the strengthening of integration of all spheres of public life, the increasing importance of environmental, social and political factors in the development of society, the increase in transaction costs of decision-making in the field of management. The study of the literature on territories gives grounds to define the concept of the regional system of Russia as an element, a subsystem of some hierarchical system, in the role of which the national economy acts. The processes of globalization are fundamentally changing the role of regions in the national economy. The region is gradually becoming not only a separate economic agent, but also enters into global competitive processes. The position of geographically organized systems turns out to depend not only on the macroeconomic conditions or the capabilities of the regions themselves, but also on the alignment of competitive forces, the mechanisms of interaction of regions with other entities. In this regard, there is a need for systematic research in order to develop a set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, its regions in particular. The existing tools of the regional economy are no longer sufficient to analyze such problems, and traditional competitive analysis does not consider regions as subjects of competition. It requires the expansion and application of new theoretical approaches to the analysis of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of their development, the formation of an integral concept of the development of the territorial organization of the economy, which determined the relevance of this study.
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Janay, Abdullahi Ibrahim, and Bülent Kılıç. "The World Bank and its Roles toward Health: Common Criticisms." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.053.

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The World Bank (WB) was established in 1944 for the purpose of issuing long-term loans to governments for reconstruction and economic development following the Second World War (1). Over the time perspectives on development have changed dramatically. In particular, the WB’s focus began to shift to investments in health, energy, telecommunication, transport and infrastructure to earn more profit. In the field of health, the WB has focused on three areas, especially in developing countries: health, nutrition, and population. WB now has a more sophisticated view of well-being, living standards, and poverty and is committing more than 1 billion USD annually for new health projects. (2). The WB’s roles include financing, provision of information, surveillance, technical assistance and training and policy advice (3). The WB has achieved some gains in the fight against poverty. Reducing poverty focuses in part encompassing policies to promote equality but inequalities are still increasing all over the World, especially in the developing countries (4). However, the WB has faced a lot of critiques related to health. Some critiques related to health sector polices and say the bank's conditions on borrowing countries emphasize privatization and public sector contraction. This involved reducing government expenditures (in some cases for health) which have deleterious health effects (2). Other critiques related to the way of raising funds called a user charge for using public sector health services and point to evidence showing that user charges result in a decline in the uptake of services, especially among the people who are most socioeconomically deprived. The bank is also criticized for introducing DALYs to global health assessments. Critics point out that the introduction of DALYs was not based on sound methodology and that the underlying assumptions for their usefulness are weak (2, 5). Finally, the WB is also accused of bribing or conniving top government officials in the developing countries where it projects (6). There is a need for strengthening across the WB in several areas. A critical area is for the WB to strengthen its ability to work on multi-stakeholder solutions through engagement with the public sector, private sector, and citizens, and support primarily the public sector for health services. Similarly, about half of low-income countries are classified as fragile and conflict-affected, posing particular challenges. Furthermore, progress in fighting against poverty and sharing prosperity is accompanied by rising inequality in many countries. So, the WB should increase its efforts to address these issues (4). Introducing evidence into policy making is also a key issue to be strengthened for the future (5). It is also needed to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation methods in the countries.
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Reports on the topic "Financial crisis policy-making"

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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, Giulia Vattuone, David Chambers, Andrew Oswald, Max Nathan, and Carmen Villa Llera. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.

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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is the right response a “new settlement” or is some alternative approach likely to be more beneficial? This report puts forward a new perspective on the pandemic-related changes that could be ahead. The central theme is assessing the viability of epochal reform in policymaking. There seems to be a relentless desire for making big changes; however, there is arguably not enough recognition of how current settings and history can hold back these efforts. Foreword by: Dame Frances Cairncross, CBE, FRSE.
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Rural NEET Youth Policy Brief - Challenges Associated with Formal Education in Rural Areas. COST Action 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.neetpb.2022.05.

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The youth demographic in rural areas continues to experience a global decline despite significant efforts from both national and international organisations to downturn this ne- gative trend. Such efforts aim to create conditions for learning as well as opportunities that can enable young people to develop knowledge, skills, and competencies. Despite the economic recovery trends of recent years (before the COVID-19 pandemic), young people continue to be particularly vulnerable and especially during times of crisis. Youth disengagement from the labour market can lead to economic loss, demotivation, margina- lisation, and be reflected in challenges such as a lack of qualifications, health issues, poverty, and other forms of social exclusion. To address such challenges, it is vital that a detailed understan- ding of youth needs is developed. This work should be based on heterogeneous characteristics (personal vs institutional) that include (although not limited to) socio-economic, demographic, financial, technical, and institutional perspectives. This information should subsequently inform both future policy-making and decision-making processes.
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