Journal articles on the topic 'Financial crises – Bangladesh'
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1
Afreen, Maria. "Review Paper on Composite Leading Index Creation for Forecasting the Bangladeshi Financial Sector." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i4.791.
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In perspective of the economic vulnerability faced by banks in financial sector, this study mirrors the methodology used by Shumway (2001) – the dynamic hazard model that is able to forecast systemic risk in financial market arena. Here, the terminology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables: capital adequacy, asset, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk. The objective of this study is to construct a macroprudential indicator (MPI) for the case of Bangladeshi financial market. The result will then be tested for robustness with macro-stress test. Lagged independent variables will be used in the simple hazard model to allow early prediction of MPI in the year in which the crisis happens. The empirical findings can be used as a guideline for the Bangladesh Government and policy makers in accessing, examining and forecasting the health of the Bangladeshi financial system and formulate suitable financial system policies for control. MPI generates information about systemic risk allowing the detection of potential economic crises functioning as an early warning indicator. Government and policy makers will be able to make early preparation in cushioning any potential crises by means of the MPI. Thus the impact of the crises could be minimized and eventually reduce its impact on the Bangladesh economy. The specific objectives are to assemble a novel MPI that is able to recommend early signals of financial market vulnerability, to identify the MPI turning points and establish a comprehensive reference chronology for Bangladeshi financial market and to evaluate the predictive performance of newly constructed MPI on characterizing Bangladeshi financial sector.
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Jahan, Kawsar, Mohammod Akbar Kabir, Farjana Nur Saima, and Md Nasim Adnan. "Financial Crises in State Owned and Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i2.14626.
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Recently the performance of banking industry is one of the much talked issues in the history of Bangladesh. Predicting the factors of financial crises in banks is very much important as this sector is facing a crises moment now. This study examined the driving factors of financial crises in banking sector using panel data consisted of five year observations (2012-2016) for each of 28 PCBs listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and 6 State-Owned Commercial Banks (SCBs). Financial crisis is measured by Altman’s Z-score and Pooled Ordinary Least Square (Pooled OLS) has been applied to find out the factors necessary to condense financial crisis in banks.The study found that SCBs and listed PCBs in Bangladesh are facing financial crisis on the basis of Altman’s Z-score model. Results of the analysis postulated that CRAR, NIIR and NINTR significantly contribute to lessen financial crisis in listed PCBs and also in SCBs. Therefore, the study suggests the regulatory authorities, including stakeholders and researchers to taking into account the findings of the study and to be more alert of the operations of SCBs and PCBs in order to steps forward the performance of this sector as well development of the country in the coming future.
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Moudud-Ul-Huq, Syed, Rabaka Akter, and Tanmay Biswas. "Impact of Financial Crisis on Credit Risk: Pre- and Post-financial Crises in an Emerging Economy." FIIB Business Review 9, no. 2 (May 23, 2020): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714520923952.
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This aim of the article is to establish a model to discuss the reasons for changing the level of credit risk among the commercial banks of Bangladesh during the global financial crisis (GFC). Credit risk has been remaining as the essential and core risk in commercial banking activities. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship among the level of credit risk as a dependent variable and financial crisis, other bank-level variables and macroeconomic variables. The causes of the GFC revealed not only systematic or structural imbalances but also the necessity to keep and strengthen the principles of credit risk management. We analyse the leading causes of the recent GFC. Moreover, the lessons that must be learnt from the weaknesses of credit risk management systems. Credit risk was found to respond to macroeconomic conditions, which indicate strong feedback effects from the banking system to the real economy. This article represents the analysis of the influence of the financial crisis on credit risk management in commercial banks and summarizes the challenges faced by banks for credit risk improvement. We hope that this reality creates new opportunities for managing credit risk in the future to increase this importance in the banks and the overall economy of Bangladesh.
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Ullah, Muhammad Usman Sana, Naveed Ul Haq, Hood Laeeq, and Ammar Aftab Raja. "Financial Contagion and Globalization: Evidence from South Asian Countries." International Business and Accounting Research Journal 2, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ibarj.v2i2.40.
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This study investigates the contagion and globalization between the South Asian (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) and five largest economies (US, UK, China, Japan and Germany) stock markets. Daily stock returns data from 1st July 1997 to 30th June 2015 consisting of total 4695 observation is analyzed. DCC GARCH is applied to calculate the conditional correlation coefficients to overcome the issue of heteroscedasticity. Null hypothesis of no globalization got rejected eleven times out of twenty while the hypothesis of no contagion got rejected six times. Further analysis of conditional correlation coefficients confirmed the impact of 9/11 attacks, Subprime mortgage crises and Europeans debt crises on the Indian market. Impact of 9/11 attacks also found on Pakistani and Sri Lankan stock exchanges, while Dhaka stock exchange remained independent of all shocks. In sum, the South Asian stock markets remained isolated from the global shocks except India. Isolation of South Asian stock markets from the global shocks is due to their lower integration with the global markets. This study provides some useful recommendations to the investors and policy makers. Results suggests that Indian stock exchange get contagion impact from the major economies, so authorities of India should have to take measure to decouple the market from the global shocks. The markets of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan are not properly integrated with global financial system, so the authorities of these countries should have to take proper steps to liberalize the markets. This paper presents the first empirical study on financial contagion and globalization of South Asian countries.
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Masum, Abdullah, and S. M. Shariful Islam. "Sharīʿah scrutiny of Islamic Banks' Financial Compensation Fund in Bangladesh: governance principles in the COVID-19 perspective." Islamic Economic Studies 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ies-08-2021-0025.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to critically analyze the Financial Compensation Funds being accumulated by Islamic Banks of Bangladesh in credit-based transactions. In this connection, due to the evolved liquidity crisis amidst the COVID-19, industry opinions are observed that suggest including the compensations or the donation funds directly into the bank's income account. But the Sharīʿah does not permit it. Such alternative proposals of using compensation or donation fund during crises are scrutinized under Sharīʿah principles to come to a logical conclusion.Design/methodology/approachThe approach followed in the study is textual and discourse analysis through descriptions of ideal Sharīʿah-compliant methods for handling late payment of credit and comparison with the industry practices.FindingsIt is observed that there are conceptual gaps in the industry as is reflected in the Islamic Banking Guideline of Bangladesh. The funds collected from the debtor due to late payment are named as compensation (Ta‘wīḍ) whereas the nature of the transaction is a donation (Tabarru'). The misconception can lead to various Sharīʿah non-compliant activities later with the funds. The proposals brought out in the industry to use such compensation/donation funds during a crisis are a consequence of this. The proposals of using such funds for banks' purposes in any situation are not supported by Sharīʿah principles and are against the Islamic banking philosophy.Originality/valueThe study is very relevant to the current crisis of COVID-19 in the domestic Islamic Banking Industry and also instrumental for the future guidance to stick to the Sharīʿah principles in managing compensation or donation funds by the Islamic Banks.
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Islam, Md Rashidul, Man Wang, and Muhammad Zulfiqar. "Impact of Corporate Governance on Firms’ Financial Flexibility in the Emerging Economy: Evidence From Bangladesh." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.15370.
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Corporate governance has a positive impact on firm performance. Financial flexible firms are a better performer when there are financial constraints as well as financial crises. However, what motivates financial flexibility is a dearth research area in the existing finance literature. The objectives of this research are to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and financial flexibility; how corporate governance influence financial flexibility; and, what factors of corporate governance are dominant to influence financial flexibility. To pursue the research objectives we chose Cement Industry of Bangladesh as a case. We consider liquidity, Internal Funds and Unused debt capacity as the proxy of financial flexibility and Ownership Concentration, Board Size, Board Independence as Corporate Governance variables and Firm Size, Market to Book Ratio, Debt Capacity, Financial Constraints and Firm Age as control variable to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and financial flexibility. This study evidences that Board Structure has no significant influence on firms’ cash holding(Liquidity).However, Firms Age and Market to Book Value have a significant influence on firms' cash position. This study also finds that Ownership Structure has no positive impact on Firms' Unused Debt Capacity but Financial Constraints and Market to Book Value have a positive significant impact on firms' unused debt capacity. However, Firm Size has a positive relationship with Internal Funds.
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Sarker, Niluthpaul, and Probir Kumar Bhowmik. "Bank Liquidity Risk: Significance of Financial Disclosure and Governance Practice." Asian Economic and Financial Review 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 724–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.119.724.744.
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The objective of the study is to show the remedial effect of bank liquidity risk in the marketplace by disseminating financial information and practicing corporate governance mechanisms. The link between financial disclosure, corporate governance, and banks' liquidity risk management in Bangladesh is examined in this paper. The study used panel data on 32 commercial banks from the 2008 to 2018 with 346 observations collected from published annual reports. Based on the preliminary diagnosis, the study chose the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression method to minimize the errors arising from heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and endogeneity issues. The study found that adequate financial disclosure and corporate governance practices minimize bank liquidity risk to maintain a stable image in the minds of investors and withstand immense regulatory pressure. To allow banks to detect issues early, they must implement changes quickly and be more robust to crises, thus risk management efficacy and excellent corporate governance implementation are required. Moreover, banks are mainly concerned about liquidity risk as it directly affects the market's performance and stability. Liquidity crises can be eradicated by proper monitoring and providing information pertaining to risks to prudent investors in a reliable and transparent corporate culture.
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Afreen, Maria. "Analysing the Return on Asset to Construct Foretelling Indicator for Bangladeshi Banking Sector." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i4.790.
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Financial institutions and banks are required to follow mechanisms to monitor the positions and create stimulas for sensible risk-taking by divisions a well as individuals. Risk measurement comprises of the quantification of risk exposures, whereas risk management demonstrates to the overall procedures by which managers fulfill these needs to identify the risks and recognise the category of the risks it faces. This research targerts on the economic instability faced by banks in financial arena in terms of the crises affairs in regard of economic distress. Here, the methodology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables. CAMELS is a short form stands for: capital adequacy (C), asset (A), management (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L) and sensitivity to market risk (S). Based on these nomenclature, a couple of variables should be selected, such as capital asset ratio, cost income ratio, non-performing loan, non-interest income as component series and return on asset (ROA) as the reference series to identify turning points of economic volatility in banking sector of Bangladesh. Thus, by forecasting the directional deviations it could make financial policymakers aware of the changes at early stage in financial markets and banking industry and privilege them to undertake precautionary steps for preventive purposes. The constructed MPI should have a incredible lead time of about 5 to 7 months on an average in case of prediction against leading for the reference series. By renovating financial efficacy of venture banks, Bangladesh also should recover their subsequent banking system to execute these suggestions.
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Rashid Soron, Tanjir, Md Ashiqur Rahman Ashiq, Marzia Al-Hakeem, Zaid Farzan Chowdhury, Helal Uddin Ahmed, and Chaman Afrooz Chowdhury. "Domestic Violence and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e24624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24624.
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Background The COVID-19 lockdown, the advent of working from home, and other unprecedent events have resulted in multilayer and multidimensional impacts on our personal, social, and occupational lives. Mental health conditions are deteriorating, financial crises are increasing in prevalence, and the need to stay at home has resulted in the increased prevalence of domestic violence. In Bangladesh, where domestic violence is already prevalent, the lockdown period and stay-at-home orders could result in more opportunities and increased scope for perpetrators of domestic violence. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of domestic violence during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in Bangladesh and the perceptions of domestic violence survivors with regard to mental health care. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional web-based study among the Bangladeshi population and used a semistructured self-reported questionnaire to understand the patterns of domestic violence and perceptions on mental health care from August to September 2020. The questionnaire was disseminated on different organizational websites and social media pages (ie, those of organizations that provide mental health and domestic violence services). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS (version 22.0; IBM Corporation). Results We found that 36.8% (50/136) of respondents had faced domestic violence at some point in their lives; psychological abuse was the most common type of violence. However, the prevalence of the economical abuse domestic violence type increased after the COVID-19 lockdown was enforced. Although 96.3% (102/136) of the participants believed that domestic violence survivors need mental health support, only 25% (34/136) of the respondents had an idea about the mental health services that are available for domestic violence survivors in Bangladesh and how and where they could avail mental health services. Conclusions Domestic violence is one of the most well-known stressors that have direct impacts on physical and mental health. However, the burden of domestic violence is often underreported, and its impact on mental health is neglected in Bangladesh. The burden of this problem has increased during the COVID-19 crisis, and the cry for mental health support is obvious in the country. However, it is necessary to provide information about available support services; telepsychiatry can be good option for providing immediate mental health support in a convenient and cost-effective manner.
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Afreen, Maria. "Building Vulnerability Predictive Indicator for the Banking Sector." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i3.704.
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For risk and capital measurement, banks and other financial institutions need to meet forthcoming regulatory requirements. However, it is a serious issue to think that meeting regulatory requirements is the sole or even the most important reason for establishing a scientific, sound risk management system. To direct capital to activities with the best risk/reward ratios, managers need reliable risk measures. To stay within the limits imposed by readily available liquidity, by creditors, customers, and regulators, they need estimates of the size of potential losses. They need mechanisms to monitor positions and create incentives for prudent risk-taking by divisions and individuals. Risk measurement deals with the quantification of risk exposures, whereas risk management refers to the overall process by which managers satisfy these needs and follows to define a business strategy, to detect the risks to which are visible, quantifying those risks, and to control and understand the nature of the risks it faces. This research focuses on the economic vulnerability faced by banks in the financial sector in terms of the crises issues perspective of economic distress. Here, the methodology followed is based on the CAMELS framework variables. CAMELS is an abbreviation for: capital adequacy (C), asset (A), management (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L) and sensitivity to market risk (S). Based on these terminologies, a couple of variables should be selected, such as capital asset ratio, non-performing loan, cost income ratio, industry production index, non-interest income, reserve of gold, inflation, stock turnover ratio, real interest rate as component series and return on equity (RoE) as reference series to identify the turning points of economic vulnerability in the banking sector in Bangladesh. Thus, by forecasting the directional changes it could make policymakers aware of changes in the financial markets and banking economy and allow them to undertake preventive steps for remedial purposes. The constructed MPI should have a remarkable lead time of about not less than 6 months on average in case of prediction against the leading for reference Series.By mending the financial efficacy of investment banks. Bangladesh also should improve their corresponding banking system to implement these suggestions.
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Nagata, Hanako. "Female Workers’ Skills, Wages, and Householding in Bangladesh’s Readymade Garment Industry: The Case of a Japanese Multinational Company." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 32, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107919875571.
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The economic relationship between Japan and Bangladesh has grown stronger since the global financial crisis of 2008, with Bangladesh being identified as ‘China plus one’ by the Japanese companies. These companies have accordingly begun transferring the capital from China to Bangladesh to avoid political and social risks in China. This article examines the skills, wages, and householding of female Bangladeshi readymade garment workers, focussing on a Japanese multinational company’s international transfers and business activities in Bangladesh since the global financial crisis. This study yielded three main findings. First, it identified the structure of the division of labour involved in the production of pairs of short pants exported to Japan. Second, it compared 20 female operators’ wage assessments to those of the overall labour force, based on their skills and experience, and pointed out ambiguous and unfounded issues caused by the gender-asymmetrical workforce deployment of Bangladeshi factories. This gender-asymmetrical system is responsible for Bangladeshi female workers’ low wages. Finally, despite their low wages, the analyzed Bangladeshi women were found to share multiple household reproduction costs through remittances and perform most of the housework and care work in the household. JEL: B54, F23, F66, O53
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Kemp, Christopher G., Tessa Concepcion, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Nazneen Anwar, Florence Baingana, Ian M. Bennett, Andrea Bruni, et al. "Baseline situational analysis in Bangladesh, Jordan, Paraguay, the Philippines, Ukraine, and Zimbabwe for the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health: Universal Health Coverage for Mental Health." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): e0265570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265570.
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Introduction Mental, neurological and substance use conditions lead to tremendous suffering, yet globally access to effective care is limited. In line with the 13th General Programme of Work (GPW 13), in 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health: Universal Health Coverage for Mental Health to advance mental health policies, advocacy, and human rights and to scale up access to quality and affordable care for people living with mental health conditions. Six countries were selected as ‘early-adopter’ countries for the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health in the initial phase. Our objective was to rapidly and comprehensively assess the strength of mental health systems in each country with the goal of informing national priority-setting at the outset of the Initiative. Methods We used a modified version of the Program for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) situational analysis tool. We used a participatory process to document national demographic and population health characteristics; environmental, sociopolitical, and health-related threats; the status of mental health policies and plans; the prevalence of mental disorders and treatment coverage; and the availability of resources for mental health. Results Each country had distinct needs, though several common themes emerged. Most were dealing with crises with serious implications for population mental health. None had sufficient mental health services to meet their needs. All aimed to decentralize and deinstitutionalize mental health services, to integrate mental health care into primary health care, and to devote more financial and human resources to mental health systems. All cited insufficient and inequitably distributed specialist human resources for mental health as a major impediment. Conclusions This rapid assessment facilitated priority-setting for mental health system strengthening by national stakeholders. Next steps include convening design workshops in each country and initiating monitoring and evaluation procedures.
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Mohammad Rifat Rahman, Md Mufidur Rahman, and Athkia Subat. "IS THE GENERAL INSURANCE BUSINESS IN BANGLADESH FINANCIALLY DISTRESSED?" Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 20, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v20i1.3552.
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Nowadays, the forecast of the financial crisis is a significant concern for all companies and stakeholders. As a fast-growing economy, the insurance industry in Bangladesh is also a significant concern. Nevertheless, the performance and contribution of Bangladeshi insurance companies are highly criticized by scholars. Therefore, with the motivation to provide a comprehensive overview of the financial health of the general insurance industry in Bangladesh, we have done secondary research on a total of 18 general insurance companies in Bangladesh from 2014-2018. Throughout the study, we tested the widely accepted Altman Z Score model to predict a major financial concern called bankruptcy. We found that 95% of the selected companies secured the safe but not in the highly satisfactory calculated value of the Altman Z score model. Therefore, as expected, this finding highlights the success of the growing nature insurance business in Bangladesh. Also, as the Z score model has high predictive power in the case of predicting financial distress, our findings could be valuable path for stakeholders in making the right decision for investment.
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Hossain, Md Jamal, Mahfuza Afroz Soma, Md Sazzadul Bari, Talha Bin Emran, and Md Rabiul Islam. "COVID-19 and child marriage in Bangladesh: emergency call to action." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (November 2021): e001328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001328.
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The social burden of Bangladesh’s already prevalent child marriage problem has further flared up amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to briefly report on the current scenario of underage marriage in Bangladesh from available sources and highlight concerns. The prevalence of child marriage has increased by at least 13% due to pandemic-enforced long-term school closure throughout the country, while many cases remain unreported. Exacerbated financial crisis, the prolonged shutdown of educational institutions and social insecurities are the principal triggering factors for such a high pace of child marriages. We urge the government and local administrations to address the current situation through concerted and integrated efforts to combat the early marriage crisis in Bangladesh.
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Mondol, Beauty, and Basudev Paul. "Journalism in Bangladesh During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.1.05.
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COVID-19 is not just a health crisis. It has disrupted the economy of the entire world. Like most sectors, it has brought massive changes to the field of journalism. The objective of the article is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on journalism in Bangladesh. This study follows a qualitative research methodology based on secondary sources. The study’s findings have shown that the pandemic situation has strongly affected the journalism industry and their work in Bangladesh. Many local newspapers have been severely affected by losses in advertising revenues from coronavirus. Advertisements have gone down by 70-80% despite an increase in television and online media viewership. COVID-19 has infected 1,010 journalists from 191 media houses in Bangladesh. Among these, 942 people have been recovered and 35 journalists passed away till November 15. Prior to COVID-19, few journalists were in financial crisis due to non-receipt of regular salary allowance; this crisis has become more evident during the pandemic situation. At least 600 journalists have been discharged and many journalists have been given compulsory leave without pay. Despite all the hurdles, Bangladeshi journalists continued to contribute to information gathering, dissemination and raising public awareness.
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Roni, Bhowmik, Ghulam Abbas, and Shouyang Wang. "Return and Volatility Spillovers Effects: Study of Asian Emerging Stock Markets." Journal of Systems Science and Information 6, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2018-097-23.
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Abstract This paper examines the extent of contagion and interdependence across the six Asian emerging countries stock markets (e.g., Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, the Philippine, and South Korea) and then try to quantify the extent of the Asian emerging market fluctuations which are described by intra-regional contagion effect. These markets experienced both fast growth and key upheaval during the sample period, and thus, provide potentially rich information on the nature of border market interactions. Using the daily stock market index data from January 2002 to December 2016 (breaking the 15 years data set into three sub periods; pre-crisis, crisis, and post crisis periods); particularly make attention to the global financial crisis of 2007∼2008. The return and volatility spillovers are modeled through the GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity), pairwise Granger causality tests, and the forecast error variance decomposition in a generalized VAR (vector auto regression) models. This paper shows that volatility and return spillovers behave very differently over time, during the pre-crisis, crisis, and post crisis periods. Importantly, Asian emerging stock markets interaction is less before the global financial crisis period. The return and volatility spillover indices touch their respective historical peaks during the global financial crisis 2007∼2008, however Bangladeshi market faces this condition in 2009∼2010.
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Parvez Ahmed, Samiul, Rahatul Zannat, and Sarwar Uddin Ahmed. "Corporate governance practices in the banking sector of Bangladesh: do they really matter?" Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1).2017.03.
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A well governed institution is expected to use its resources optimally and, thus, perform more efficiently and contribute positively to economic development of a nation. However, often, it can be seen that poor management of the stakeholders leads to less than optimal strategic directions for an institution. Due to recent global financial crisis and rising issues of the Bangladeshi banking sector, corporate governance is one of the factors that have gained considerable attention. Recent drive of the governance issues of the banking sector of Bangladesh is expected to bring positive change in the financial sector and, hence, it is crucial to assess whether complying with governance codes leads to desired outcome or not. Specifically, the main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between performances of commercial banks with corporate governance factor along with some internal and macroeconomic variables. Thus, the listed commercial banks in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh were considered for the study. Subsequently, considering data availability of the time period (2011-2014), 29 listed commercial banks in the DSE have been considered and, hence, Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) regression models were used through Eviews 8.0 for analyzing the data. Though the study shows a positive relation between corporate governance and performances of banks, the statistical insignificance of the relation raises concern regarding various issues of corporate governance in the financial sector of Bangladesh. Keywords: corporate governance, financial institutions, performances of commercial banks. JEL Classification: G21, G30, G38, G39, O16
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McIver, Ron, and Abu Taher Mollik. "Bangladesh's banking sector: Returned from financial crisis?" International Journal of Trade and Global Markets 3, no. 1 (2010): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2010.030410.
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Bhattacharyya, Rajib. "Impact of Global Financial Crisis on FDI Inflows in India and Bangladesh." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 6, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2017010103.
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The investment climate in India and Bangladesh has undoubtedly become friendlier and investing in these countries has been an attractive proposition today than in earlier years. According to A.T. Kearney's FDI Confidence Index (2014) India ranks 7th on the basis of FDI inflows in the world while Bangladesh ranks 3rdamong SAARC countries. The present analysis attempts to show that though the global financial crisis (2008) had adversely impacted the growth in GDP and employment opportunities and FDI flows throughout the world, India and Bangladesh both had shown considerable resilience to the global economic crisis by maintaining a high growth rate during this period in the world. It highlights the changes the policy regimes in the two countries. It also tries to examine empirically, using secondary time series data, the amount of FDI inflows, component-wise and sector-wise break-up in FDI inflows in both countries during the pre and post-crisis era, based on Exogenous Structural Break Model. The empirical analysis clearly reveals both FDI and FDI-GDP ratio exhibits stationary trend in India while they are difference stationary in case of Bangladesh. It also focuses on the crisis management policies in the two nations for smooth flow of FDI in the long run.
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Uddin, Ashraf, Md Manzurul Hasan, Md Siyamul Islam, and Md Mehedi Hassan Onik. "Factors, Observed During Covid Covid-19 to Overcome Financial Crisis: A Case of Bangladesh." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 20, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v20i1.151.
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Covid-19 has furiously affected the world economy. Despite the world’s suffering, Bangladesh has shown a new model of surviving from devastating financial crisis. There are several factors, rarely observed during the pre-pandemic period, helped Bangladesh to stand up adopting the new normal. We have identified that the factors were not directly the results of Government policies, but the necessity people had to change to live the new normal. In this paper, several directions of financial activities and sectors have been explored with evidence and insights in the context of Bangladesh.
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Uddin, Ajim, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury, and Md Nazrul Islam. "Resiliency between Islamic and conventional banks in Bangladesh." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 10, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-06-2016-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the resiliency between conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs) in Bangladesh at the financial crisis, pre-crisis and post-crisis period. Design/methodology/approach Data from 25 banks, 18 CBs and 7 IBs, operating in Bangladesh during the period 2005-2014 have been collected and divided into three stages: the pre-crisis period (2005-2006), the crisis period (2007-2008) and the post-crisis period (2009-2014). Dynamic generalized method of moments and quantile regression analysis have been used for this study. Findings This paper uses Z-score as an indicator of bank stability and found a significant difference in stability between IBs and CBs during the financial crisis. In addition, this paper also tries to identify the type of banks that performed better during pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods but found no significant differences between IBs and CBs in this regards. For robustness, quantile regression found that the statistical significance level of credit risk, capital adequacy ratio and efficiency ratio of CBs and IBs differ at different percentile. Originality/value Most of the previous studies were conceptual or narrative and conducted on a global basis, not country-specific. To filling the country-level research gap, this study provides a meaningful insight about how these two types of banks performed in different periods.
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Tasnova, Nishat. "Impact of Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants on Banks Liquidity." Finance & Economics Review 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/fer.v4i1.372.
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Purpose This study examines the influences of bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants on liquidity on 29 listed commercial banks of Bangladesh. Methods To analyze the relationship, this study performs Pooled Ordinary Least Square method, fixed and random effect estimates, and implemented GLS random effect method on strongly balanced panel dataset over 2014 to 2019. Capital adequacy, nonperforming loans, and profitability are considered bank-specific factors while GDP, Monetary policy interest rate, and Interest rate spread are considered the macroeconomic factors. Results Business cycle and monetary policy interest rate inversely affected bank liquidity. Contrary, bank liquidity has a positive association with profitability, nonperforming loans, capital adequacy, and interest rate spread. According to the findings, capital adequacy and business cycle have a significant impact on liquidity. Implications This study has significant implications for bankers, consumers, and policymakers. The banking sector of Bangladesh will highly be benefited from this research as this paper critically analyzes the determinants of banks' liquidity risk. This research will help the banks and other financial institutions to understand the effect of capital adequacy, nonperforming loans on liquidity in the Bangladeshi context. This study infers that banks need to monitor the factors cautiously to avoid the liquidity crisis in the future. Originality There are a few studies that examine these determinants with liquidity in the Bangladeshi context. This remarks the significance of the present paper as this study put an attempt to analyze bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants with bank liquidity in the Bangladeshi context has been conducted within a limited scope.
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Ahmad, Syed Magfur, and Abdullah Al Mamun. "Opportunities of Islamic FinTech: The Case of Bangladesh and Turkey." CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 26, 2020): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/cenraps.v2i3.39.
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This paper aims to study Islamic fintech operations in Bangladesh and Turkey. FinTech is now extensively used in different countries around the world. It is known to be financial products of the twenty-first century. Fintech applications are using pervasively in the different Islamic finance operating systems. Turkey and Bangladesh emphasized more in fintech after the 2008 global financial crisis. Both countries banks prioritized in their regulations and compliance with innovation. The rise of Islamic Fintech in Turkey and Bangladesh started with the main banking applications. The use of shariah-compliant Islamic fintech in both countries are increasing significantly to carry out financial transactions and processes more efficiently through technological innovations. Qualitative methods and secondary data have been used in this study. Turkey practically became a hub for Islamic financial technology in recent years considering its operational activities. Asian countries, particularly Turkey and Bangladesh are expected to show their highest growth potential for Islamic fintech in 2020. This study also attempts to unearth the possibilities of Islamic FinTech in Bangladesh and Turkey. Islamic finance based on Islamic Shariah benefited significantly by using financial technology in recent years. Bangladesh and Turkey can be a potential destination for Islamic FinTech with the help of financial technology.
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Lily, Jaratin, Mori Kogid, Debbra Toria Nipo, Sidah Idris, and Imbarine Bujang. "Time-Varying Exchange Rate Exposure on Non-Financial Firms." International Journal of Business and Management 17, no. 8 (July 7, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n8p6.
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This paper investigates whether a large non-financial firm in selected Asian frontier and emerging markets has time-varying exchange rate exposure using the interactive time dummies in the regression with a GARCH specification. The findings revealed that exchange rate exposure changes over time, particularly in Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Furthermore, there was a high percentage of firms were exposed during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) period, particularly in Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. In practice, the findings of this study benefit interested parties such as firms and governments by giving information about stylised exchange rate exposure, which can be utilised to design effective strategies for dealing with exchange rate uncertainty.
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Chowdhury, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous, Md Mahmudul Haque, and Md Nazrul Islam. "Contagion Effects on Stock Market of Bangladesh." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2017040101.
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Due to increased globalization and economic integration in the global economy, contagion effects have been considered an important matter for the investors and policymakers. In the wake of the global financial crisis of September 2008, Islamic financial products were thrust into the spotlight as alternatives to the shaken conventional equity markets. The objective of this study is to discover the Islamic stock market dynamics of Bangladesh with the global Islamic stock markets such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Europe, UK and Japan. For understanding long run relationship or the theoretical relationships among the Islamic stock market and short run co-movements among Islamic stocks, Johansen co-integration test and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) have been applied respectively. Furthermore, the investigation on short run dynamics is also carried through Impulse Response Function (IRF) analyses. The study found that the Japanese Islamic Stock market is affected to changes in other Islamic stock markets while Kuwait stock market is the leader in the sense it affects other stock market greatly. Bangladeshi Islamic stock market is found to be marginally affecting other stock markets but not as strong as Kuwait. Global Islamic stock market seems to have very little impact to Bangladesh Islamic stock market. The evidence of co-integration and short run dynamics help a diversification benefit may be derived from the cross boarder investment. The empirical evidence of co-integration and short run dynamic relationship found in this study will help investors in making efficient investment decisions and also enhance their understanding of market behavior.
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Shamsi, Nahin Israt, Dr Syed Manzur Quader, and Dr Mohammad Nayeem Abdullah. "Investigating the Relationship between Stock Liquidity and Firm Value." Business Perspective Review 4, no. 2 (August 28, 2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/bpr.v4i2.450.
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Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effect of stock liquidity on firm value (MV), operating income to price (OIP), market value of equity to market value of the asset (MVEA), and operating income to assets (OIA) ratios in Bangladesh. This paper also investigates whether firm size, leverage, or financial crisis have any moderating role to play on the liquidity-firm value relationship. Method: The study used panel data on 159 nonfinancial firms listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period of 2006 to 2019. Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect, and Two-Stage least Squares estimation methods are used to determine the desired relationship. Results: The results show that stock liquidity has a positive and significant impact on firm value and the results are robust to alternative estimation techniques. The relationship is found more acute for small and less levered firms and more intense in the post-crisis (after the 2010 stock market crash) period in Bangladesh. Implications: The role of firm size, leverage, or financial crisis on the liquidity-firm value relationship will help corporate managers to adopt policies and strategies for improving the stock liquidity, changing investors' perceptions, and overall, increasing the depth and stability of the capital market in Bangladesh or elsewhere. Limitations: Due to the unavailability of data, for the robustness check, we couldn't use any alternative proxy of stock liquidity such as bid-ask spreads.
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Jannath, Sanjida, Md Sohan, Md Ashrafur Rahman, and Md Rabiul Islam. "Suicides among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Bangladeshi press reports." Open Health 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openhe-2022-0002.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic responses forced the authority to shut the educational institutions since March 17, 2020, in Bangladesh. Physical distancing, social isolation, and quarantine have become regular norms in our daily life due to the pandemic crisis. This extended shutdown separated the students from their academic life, increasing anxiety concerning their future education, personal and professional aspirations, and expectations. Such disruptions might increase vulnerability towards suicidal ideation among university-level students. Therefore, here we aim to assess the prevalence and related risk factors of suicides among university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 lockdowns. We conducted a comprehensive Google search to gather information from secondary sources. In total, 22 university students committed suicide from March 17, 2020, to June 10, 2021, in Bangladesh. The frequently reported causes of these suicides were depression, frustration, financial crisis, troubled love affairs, and family disputes, indicating an elevated prevalence of psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic among students at all levels in Bangladesh. Based on the present findings, we suggest that the effective implementation of online education, financial support to families, mental healthcare support to this vulnerable group, and mutual understanding among the family members might reduce this death toll. The present findings might help researchers to understand students’ mental health and design programs accordingly to prevent future incidents.
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Alam, Md Shahbub, Md Jafor Ali, Abul Bashar Bhuiyan, Mohammad Solaiman, and Mohammad Abdur Rahman. "THE IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW." American Economic & Social Review 6, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v6i2.844.
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Since the outburst of Covid-19 in China, the world economy is passing in a turmoil situation. Undeniably the economy of Bangladesh is also grappled by the severe public health crisis of the Covid-19. As the public health emergency is heavily interconnected with economic affairs, it has impacted each of the pillars of the economy of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to make evaluations of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Bangladesh. This study is based on an empirical review of the recent study works, reports, working papers of home, and abroad regarding economic crisis. The review findings of the paper revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic have significant impacts on the different indicators of the economy of Bangladesh especially, Readymade Garments Sector, Foreign Remittance, Bank and Financial Institutions, Food and Agricultures, Local Trade, Foreign Trade (Export and Import), GDP (Gross Domestic Product), SDGs (Sustainable Development Goal), Government Revenue and Employment etc. This study suggested that as Covid-19 still surfacing all over the world so some steps should be ensured by the government agencies of Bangladesh to mitigate possible threats for the economy.
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Ahmed, Shamsun Naher. "The Impact of the Asian Crisis on Migrant Workers: Bangladesh Perspectives." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 7, no. 2-3 (June 1998): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689800700212.
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This paper addresses the impact of the recent Asian financial crisis on migration in Bangladesh. The crisis has stemmed the outflow of migrant workers to the affected countries but also diversified the flows as well as sparked rising return migration. Remittances and foreign exchange reserves are likely to be adversely affected. Irregular migration towards more diversified but less remunerative pockets has increased. What is more disconcerting is the increasing trend in the ranks of the already sizable unemployed. The government should gear up retraining, rehabilitation and reintegration measures. Insurance schemes and other safety nets may be introduced to meet unforeseen crisis. Migration is a humanitarian issue. It has to be addressed through a sensible legal regime where interests of both the sending and receiving countries could be accommodated.
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Siddique, Sk Abu Raihan. "Framing economic crisis: Newspaper coverage during COVID-19 in Bangladesh." World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30547/worldofmedia.3.2022.4.
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This study examines how Bangladeshi media frame the economic uncertainty of coronavirus (COVID-19) to understand the absolute scenario of an economic crisis or a disaster through the dominant frames. When keeping people constantly informed through the message of the media, the most important matter is not what is portrayed, but how it is portrayed. Using the content analysis approach, the author intends to analyze a total of 296 editorials and op-ed items in The Prothom Alo, The Daily Star, and The Financial Express from March 26 to August 3, 2020. Using the ‘Media framing theory’, six major frames are used to analyze the data. This article finds out that ‘crisis’ and ‘fear’ frames dominated the media coverage of the pandemic. Based on the linguistic analysis, this paper also finds that the economic issues of COVID-19 have been over-focused, in some cases the newspapers sidelined the focus from ‘health crisis’ to ‘national economic crisis’. The language of the coverage of economic contents combines hope, human issues, frustration, and social responsibility at varied proportions. The article suggests that the media could mitigate the crisis by not politicizing the economic issues; rather the journalists should focus on highlighting the solution to surpass the economic crisis and help the authority to implement proper policies for keeping the country’s economic conditions safe.
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Bhowmik, Roni, Gouranga Chandra Debnath, Nitai Chandra Debnath, and Shouyang Wang. "Emerging stock market reactions to shocks during various crisis periods." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): e0272450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272450.
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This study investigates granger causal linkages among six Asian emerging stock markets and the US market over the period 2002–2020, taking into account several crisis periods. The pairwise Granger causality tests for investigating the short-run causality show significant bi- and uni-directional causal relationships in those markets and evidence that they have become more internationally integrated after every crisis period. An exception is Bangladesh with almost no significant short-term causal linkages with other markets. For understanding, how the financial linkages amplify volatility spillover effects, we apply the GARCH-M model and find that volatility and return spillovers act very inversely over time. However, market interface is weak before the crisis periods and becomes very strong during the financial crisis and US-China economic policy uncertainty periods. The US market plays a dominant role during the financial crisis and COVID-19 periods. Further analysis using the VAR model shows that a large proportion of the forecast variance of the Asian emerging stock markets is affected by the S&P 500 and that market shock starts to rise notably from the 1 to 10 period. The overall findings could provide important policy implications in the six countries under study regarding hedging, trading strategies, and financial market regulation.
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Asmild, Mette, Dorte Kronborg, Tasmina Mahbub, and Kent Matthews. "The efficiency patterns of Islamic banks during the global financial crisis: The case of Bangladesh." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 74 (November 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2018.04.004.
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Joveda, Nahid, Md Tarek Khan, and Abhijit Pathak. "Cyber Laundering: A Threat to Banking Industries in Bangladesh: In Quest of Effective Legal Framework and Cyber Security of Financial Information." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 10 (September 17, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n10p54.
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Cyberspace is a great media for exchanging information and data in the arena of E-banking. Banks are under pressure for the establishment of digitalization in its day by day operations to satisfy the clients' need. But the abuse of information technology has become a menace in the banking sector of Bangladesh. Concealing of original source and using advance technological solutions to transfer money illegally– the whole phenomenon is called Cyber laundering. This paper offers insights to increase an understanding of the nexus of corruption in banks, local economy and money laundering scandals. It examines the launderers' typology of crimes— both potential and real. Through this paper it is a small initiative to point out the national control mechanisms to deal with the issues of money laundering in banks. The research is based on accessible data from papers, journals, various reports, etc. The illicit flow of money through banks has created worldwide millions of dollar misfortunes. This paper focuses on creating a Cybersecurity system for detecting money laundering as it has become a threat to Bangladesh's economy. Are there any self-evident weaknesses in the financial framework that make it treatable efficiently? It is critical to acknowledge that how the security viewpoints in a financial framework can impact such unlawful exercises which are then lead to an extraordinary lost to the economic development.
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Syed Magfur Ahmad and Nasruzzaman Naeem. "Adverse Economic Impact by Rohingya Refugees on Bangladesh: Some Way Forwards." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss1pp1-14.
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This paper aims to analyse the adverse effects of the Rohingya influx on the economy of Bangladesh in recent years. Since the independence of Bangladesh, it has been gone through many ups and downs in the country's economic movement. The per capita income of the country has exceeded about two thousand US dollars. All the development indicators are upward in GDP. Rohingya people in Rakhine state, Myanmar have been facing decades of planned discrimination, statelessness, and targeted violence. For many years this kind of torture over the innocent Rohingya women, girls, boys and men has forced them to the influx to Bangladesh. The rapid spread of the Rohingya crisis also has been surprising for last three years to the Bangladesh government. From social to economic, economic to politics Rohingya refugees have impacts into the country. This research paper follows the empirical and narrative oriented research design in relation to find out the negative economic impact of the Rohingya influx to Bangladesh. One of the principal aims of the findings of this paper is to draw the attention of the policymakers and other concerns about the deleterious effects of the influx both in the future and present conditions. First and foremost, the negative impact of the Rohingya influx to Bangladesh on the economy is the increased cost of living and regional employment crisis. Moreover, a huge fall of the daily wage amount can be noticed. Furthermore, the country is facing a noticeable loss in the tourism sector and government expenditure on the health and security sector has risen since 2017. Hence, the government of Bangladesh should take necessary steps for the effective repatriation process without any delay to mitigate the financial cost burden.
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Amin, Al, Tasmiah Fatema Tanni, Dr Md Habibur Rahman, Miah Md Asaduzzaman, and Md Abdullah Al Matin. "A Study on the Present Scenario of Solar Irrigation in Bangladesh." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 8, no. 8 (August 25, 2017): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2017.08.008.
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Bangladesh has a primarily agrarian economy. Irrigation plays a very important role in our agriculture as well as on economy. During dry season, irrigation of the whole country faces an acute crisis due to load shedding of 1400 MW [1]. As Bangladesh has good solar resources, with high availability during the peak irrigation season, therefore, solar pumping of water for irrigation is an innovative and environment-friendly solution for its largely agro-based economy. Infrastructure Development Company Ltd (IDCOL) is providing financial support to solar irrigation. Already 450 irrigation pumps have been installed by IDCOL in different divisions of Bangladesh. In this paper, 450 project’s data has been analyzed and the findings are shown by different graphs. Different division’s radiation, water-head and required water are mainly focused in the analysis which will be very useful for upcoming irrigation projects. To accomplish the analysis on solar irrigation, several field visits were done at Poradaho, Kushtia, Bangladesh. This is a project of Bright Green Energy Foundation (BGEF) and financed by IDCOL. Numerous important prospects of solar irrigation besides Diesel-based Irrigation in Bangladesh have come out from this comparative study.
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Waris, Attiya, and Laila Abdul Latif. "The effect of tax amnesty on anti-money laundering in Bangladesh." Journal of Money Laundering Control 17, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-04-2013-0011.
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Purpose – The article aims to rely on the global wealth chains theory to study the effect of tax amnesty on anti-money laundering (AML) in Bangladesh. This theory is an analytical framework intended to identify how wealth is repackaged and disguised to move it out of spheres of state oversight, regulation and taxation. It introduces the law on AML in Bangladesh, pointing out the revised Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendation that has expanded the scope of money laundering predicate offences to cover both indirect and direct tax crimes and smuggling in relation to customs and excise duties and taxes. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews in Bangladesh and desk research. Findings – There are some gaps in the scope of the offence, the coverage of predicate offences and the types of property covered by the money laundering offence. There is also an absence of financial penalties available to effectively sanction legal persons. The current money laundering offences are derived from the ordinance issued in 2008 by the caretaker government (2006-2008). The current act contains detailed definitions of money laundering and property and a list of predicate offences and sanctions for the offence. However, there are some gaps in the physical elements of the offence, and the range of its predicate offences remains too narrow. Adding tax evasion to its list of predicate offences will, given the history of money laundering in Bangladesh, aid in combating illegal transfer of assets abroad and recovery of the same and abolish tax amnesty. Originality/value – There is no paper that has analysed the linkages between money laundering and taxation in developing countries, especially Bangladesh.
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Nachane, D. M., and M. Shahidul Islam. "Post‐crisis South Asia: monetary management and macro‐prudential regulation." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 1, no. 2 (August 17, 2012): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20454451211252732.
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PurposeThe global crisis, originating in the US financial sector, affected the Asian region primarily through three channels – declining trade volumes, exchange rate pressure and asset deflation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how the crisis impacted the four major economies of South Asia, viz. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and how, by a combination of swift actions on the monetary, fiscal and exchange rate fronts, the worst consequences of the crisis were averted.Design/methodology/approachThe regulatory and supervisory systems in these four economies are then benchmarked against certain desirable norms, which have emerged out of post‐crisis international deliberations.FindingsIt is felt that the South Asian regulatory systems perform fairly well vis‐à‐vis these norms.Practical implicationsThe paper also touches upon the major highlights of the crisis impact, policy responses and post‐crisis recovery in the Southeast Asian region.Originality/valueThe several similarities and the few contrasts between the two regions on these aspects are also presented.
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Khandaker Abu Talha, Md. Ferdous Hasan Farhana Selina, Himangshu Shekar Das, Nahian Ahmed Chowdhury, Ahmad Nafee, and Tafhim Ahmed Rifat. "Review article on the change in the hospital revenue and healthcare economy during COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Sylhet Women’s Medical College 11, Number 1 (January 1, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jswmc2021v11-09.
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The economy of the world has been shaken due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Nearly 8% of the world economy has shrunk during this time. Few countries have been identified as more vulnerable to be affected in comparison to others according to the Pandemic Vulnerable Index (PVI). Lot of universities of USA, Australia and UK have suffered from huge financial crisis due to lack of foreign students admission. Lockdown and travel restriction have affected the revenue generation of countries like China, USA, South Africa, India and sub-Saharan countries for which government subsidize were declared. Bangladesh has suffered mostly due to disruption in garment and textile business. Medical tourism also experienced severe financial trauma.
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Gazi, Md Abu Issa, Md Nahiduzzaman, Iman Harymawan, Abdullah Al Masud, and Bablu Kumar Dhar. "Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Performance and Profitability of Banking Sector in Special Reference to Private Commercial Banks: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106260.
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The current crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the global economy hard, causing significant damage to every aspect of the global banking system, and Bangladesh is no exception. For that reason, its performance and profitability have been affected. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the financial performance and profitability of the listed private commercial banks in Bangladesh. We initially compute each bank’s financial performance index (FPI) to determine the position according to their financial performance individually before and the current period of COVID-19 by the standardized CAMELS rating system. After assessing the position, the fixed-effect regression model is used to explore the impact of the bank’s specific variables and macroeconomic variables along with the banks’ variables on the banks’ profitability. The banks that performed better during the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19 also performed better during the pandemic period of COVID-19. The performance of AIBL, EBL, and BBL was almost autonomously higher during both periods. In the case of bank profitability, our paper discovered that during the pandemic period of COVID-19, high non-performing loan rates, holding more liquid assets, a high amount of hedging capital, and inappropriate bank size lessened the banks’ profitability. In contrast, a low leverage position and inflation rate enhanced the bank’s profitability during this period. The outcome of this study will help bank authorities detect the loopholes and take preventive measures that can improve their profitability during a crisis period like COVID-19. The investors and depositors who invest money in banks can precisely decide their portfolios.
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Islam, Hamidul, Zulkornain Yusop, Md Farjin Hasan, and Mohammad Sahabuddin. "Nexus between Foreign Remittance and Economic Growth in Bangladesh." Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/rope.v1i1.1127.
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Objective: The aim of this study review the current literature for determining the nexus between foreign remittance and economic growth in Bangladesh. Foreign remittance plays a pivotal role for economic growth in developing countries. It has taken a considerable attention to promote economic development compared to others sources of capital inflows such as aids, loans and foreign direct investments due to direct impact on socio-economic acceleration in a country. As a developing country, Bangladesh is one of the top 10 remittance-recipient countries in the world. Recently, the trends of remittance inflow are shrinking due to geopolitics and Middle East crisis.
Methodology: Previous studies were reviewed, made literature matrix for findings literature and methodological gaps.
Results: The evidences in the literature reveal that the nexus between foreign remittance and economic growth is inclusive and ambiguous for direct or indirect transmission channels through the inclusion of other variables in the analysis as financial development, investment, trade, consumption and poverty alleviation.
Implications: Therefore, remittances inflow not only enhances economic growth and development but also reduces poverty in the labor exporting country.
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M. Khalid, Ahmed, and Gulasekaran Rajaguru. "Financial Market Linkages in South Asia: Evidence Using a Multivariate GARCH Model." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (December 1, 2004): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.585-603.
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The economic and social benefits of more openness and internationalisation are well supported by both academics and policy-makers. Many countries are also trying to become part of the world trade bloc such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) or AFTA. Efforts are also made to strengthen the existing regional economic and trade coordination or establish new regional economic and financial integration. Unfortunately, at the time (during the 1980s and 1990s) when many emerging economies in East Asia were involved in openness, internationalisation and regional economic and financial integration, the South Asian countries wasted their resources in dealing with political crisis (such as Bangladesh), internal conflicts (such as Sri Lanka) or border issues (such as India and Pakistan). It is only recently that regimes have realised that a peaceful economic environment is essential to attract foreign investment, pursue a pro-growth policy and achieve a sustainable growth. The recent dialogue between Pakistan and India and some progress in SAARC consultation are a few steps towards these goals.
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Kashem, Mohammad Abul. "Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Financial Performance of the Banking Sector of Bangladesh." International Business Research 15, no. 8 (July 18, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n8p44.
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Covid-19 pandemic has affected both real and nominal sectors of all countries in the world. The paper has examined the impact of this pandemic on the banking sector of Bangladesh. Using ratio and correlation analysis on 2019 and 2020 data some interesting findings are invented. Pandemic has incurred devastating and homogeneous impacts for all type of banks in Bangladesh. Profitability and efficiency have decreased sharply. The analysis shows that if the provision criteria had not been relaxed, the profit rate would have been decreased further. Negative growth of profitability and interest earning by the most banks are very glaring. Aggregate profit of the banking system has fallen about 4 percent. Further, evidence of investment scope shrinking is also manifested. Hence, sheer income rearrangement is also detected by the banks in pandemic situation. The loss caused by the decrease of interest earning was attempted to offset by the increase of fee based income. However, productivity is remained largely unchanged during the pandemic. Additionally, drastic fall of major balance sheet items in 2020 are also noticed. Banks were desperate to save themselves from the tsunami of losses by searching alternative sources of business too. Additionally, profit fall and international linkage of individual banks have very high association. The paper has very high stake particularly for crisis management of the banking system of developing countries where banks are suffering from the less variety of product and lending activities.
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Jahur, Mohammad Saleh, S. M. Nasrul Quadir, and Mohammad Aktaruzzaman Khan. "DETERMINANTS OF STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN BANGLADESH." Indonesian Management and Accounting Research 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/imar.v13i1.1161.
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<p>Stock market influences economic activity through the creation of liquidity of capital investment. Liquid stock markets make investment less risky and more investment. Stock market in Bangladesh is characterized by frequent changes in regulations, low market sizes-market capital & turnover, lowest number of financial products, low contribution to national exchequer, influx of large number investors without relevant knowledge, and expertise. Besides, Bangladesh stock market experienced different problems-regulatory failure, unethical and ill objective oriented behavior of market participants, lack of due diligence, and manipulation. So, market cannot perform well. In view of this, the present study has been undertaken aiming at identifying determinants of stock market in Bangladesh. The study has collected data from the secondary sources and analyzed the data collected by applying some descriptive measures, and linear regression model. The study has found that the stock market of the country is characterized by different features such as low size, low liquidity, low depth, acute fund crisis and so on. The study has also found from linear regression analysis that all macro-economic variables such as CPI, Interest Rate, IR, and ER have significant impact on the stock market performance. Finally, the paper concludes with some pragmatic policy measures such as sound macroeconomic policy for monitoring interest rate and exchange rate movement.</p><p>Keywords : Stock Market, Liquidity, Performance, Macro-economy, and investment</p>
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Mian, Md Nannu, and Md Mamunur Rashid. "A Critical Analysis of Legal Aid in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v2i1.5268.
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Legal aid is essentially a mechanism that enables the poor and the vulnerable sectors of the society to be able to enforce their legal rights in order to access a fair and equitable justice in the society. Nowadays, a legal aid can be justifiably said as a crying need to ensure social and legal justice in Bangladesh because most of the citizens are illiterate and they live below the poverty line which incidentally makes matters worse. Due to their financial crisis or lack of legal knowledge they are often precluded to access justice. In recognizing the legal aid as a right, the government has enacted some laws. However, unfortunately those laws are full of weaknesses, loopholes, and procedural complexities which have to be judiciously addressed in the proper legal perspectives. As a matter of fact, legally speaking, much has been said and done, but ironically not much has been practiced. Due to these ever unsettling defects, the ultimate objectives of those laws have frequently failed to ensure enjoyment of the legal aid services among the vulnerable sectors of the society. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze and find out numerous legal the gaps, loopholes and complexities of the existing laws relating to legal aid services in Bangladesh and frame out a comprehensive solution for ensuring the aid program by adopting the qualitative and the analytical research methods.
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Haque, Md Emdadul. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Access to Vaccination in Bangladesh: a Critical Review." Health Economics and Management Review 3, no. 3 (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.3-09.
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This paper delineates the diverse perspectives of the vicious COVID-19 pandemic and access to vaccination in Bangladesh. It also depicts the discrepancies as to access to vaccine and vaccination campaign aside from assorted socio-economic impacts and challenges in Bangladesh with plausible way-outs. The fight for combating the demonized coronavirus is laudable amid the country’s limited resources, vulnerable healthcare system and vaccine hesitation. But the estimated cost of vaccination is under criticism because the country has received a substantial amount of vaccines as gift or free of cost donation from rich countries especially from the United States. Due to the pandemic, the socio-economic loss sustained by the country has created extra burden for the economy. No doubt, the coronavirus has taken an acid test of the global healthcare system. Even the economically advanced countries with sophisticated healthcare facilities have experienced the horrific fatality of the pandemic for a long time. But during the pandemic, the world has witnessed further polarization of the countries with major political and economic power dynamics in the name of coordinated fighting of the persisting crisis. Together with the financial constraints of low-income countries in Africa and Asia, the vaccine crisis and monopoly caused by the profit-driven attitude of most multinational pharma companies and geopolitical interests of some high income countries have galvanized the global vaccine inequity undermining the notion of distributive justice with a few exceptions. But the contagious coronavirus taught that people’s safety of a particular country is not possible without safety of other countries. Most existing papers on the COVID-19 pandemic linking Bangladesh depict its various detrimental impacts from health science and socio-economic aspects. But this paper critically reviews the chronological aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh starting from influx of the virus to its all-out combating measures highlighting human casualty, advent of vaccine, vaccine inequity, access to vaccination, vaccine diplomacy, campaign, hesitation and rerated constraints along with prevailing as well as post COVID-19 socio-economic impacts.
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Kamarudin, Fakarudin, Fadzlan Sufian, and Annuar Md Nassir. "Global financial crisis, ownership and bank profit efficiency in the Bangladesh's state owned and private commercial banks." Contaduría y Administración 61, no. 4 (October 2016): 705–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2016.07.006.
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A, Khan Rasel, Galib Adnan, Hasan Abid, Neegar Nahid, and Roy Debendra N. "ALARMING SIGNALS OF DRUG ADDICTION AMONG THE SOUTHERN YOUTHS IN BANGLADESH: A SURVEY BASED RESEARCH." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2018.44.04.
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Back ground: Drug addiction is a serious public health crisis which affects almost every sphere in a community in a way or another and this in turn can possibly lead to social disharmony, severe crimes, degraded social status and most possibly physical and mental health deterioration. The sole purpose of our study was aimed to analyze the current awful situation of drug addiction at four different southern cities of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross sectional health based survey was carried out with a self-designed standard questionnaire by manual data collection over a nine months period (12.09.2015 to 10.04.2016) at four adjacent cities Gopalganj, Khulna, Bagerhat and Narail respectively. Total 300 substance abusers were investigated by majorly visiting at their home and sometimes visiting the places where they usually take drugs. Descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: In this cross sectional study we observed that, 82% addicts are predominantly young males mostly between the ages of 10-30. About 48% are addicted by cannabis, 19% and 17% by yaba and phensedyl respectively. In case of first starting of drug use curiosity, surrounding environment were the primary reason and cannabis as their first drug (61%) followed by phensedyl (16%). At least 53% addict’s relayed on locality like friends and 30% used local dealers as a main source to collect these abused drugs. Healthy financial support is very important for collecting abused drugs and 30% addicts spend pocket money, 23% job, 20% business source to buy these costly substances. Although it is important to mention that 61% addicts are compromising either physical or psychological complications but it is one of good symptoms to observe that more than 60% of drug addicts are trying to give up addiction forming agents in these days. Conclusion: In recent years drug addiction has significantly increased in the whole world especially in South Asian countries. It must be emphasized as an alarming sign by the government as well as awareness among the peoples are very essential to stop this critical condition from affecting our future young leaders.Keywords: Drug; Addiction; Youths; Bangladesh.
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Haque, Mehjabin, Israt Eshita Haque, Md Noor-e. Alam Ziku, Naim Ahamed, and Md Sabbir Hossain. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Youth Mental Health in Bangladesh." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i10.1071.
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COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2). For the effect of this pandemic, the people of Bangladesh are suffering from unprecedented challenges of all ages. Coronavirus pandemic has hit the young mental health badly. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the mental health condition among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. In this study, a qualitative research method was used where twenty case studies were carried out to evaluate critical situations as well as the determinants of psychological health problems that young adults are facing. Result demonstrates that like other ages, young people are bound to stay at home during lockdown that causes a profound effect on their mental health. Due to COVID-19 young people are going through a variety of critical situations including financial hardship, conflict with family members, quarantine-related crisis, increasing pressure for marriage, extreme addiction to the virtual world, and addiction to different video games that threaten their psychological health, for example increasing suicidal tendency, loneliness, anxiety, depression, psychological trauma, low self-confidence anger, etc. Researchers have suggested some potential recommendations to reduce the psychological pressure of young people during pandemics.
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Solaiman, S. M. "Black money, “white” owners, and “blue” tenants in the Bangladesh housing market." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2015-0009.
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Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to critically examine the impact of black money whitening opportunity on the Bangladesh housing market and its ramifications for honest taxpayers and criminal conduct of the people in the country. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on both primary and secondary materials and carries out an archival analysis of the resources available in libraries and online databases. Findings It demonstrates that black money whitening opportunity has failed to create additional demands for housing property, rather it encourages money laundering, corruption and other criminal activities. Hence, a set of specific recommendations have been submitted to effectively deal with the prevention of generation of black money instead of allowing them to be invested in properties with impunity. Research limitations/implications The discussions are concentrated on the legality of offering amnesty to black money holders and the impact of such indemnities on the housing market in Bangladesh; hence, it does not consider impacts on other economic sectors. It is expected that the publication of this paper will stimulate the government of Bangladesh to discontinue the disputed amnesty in Bangladesh, and other nations having similar problems with black money will be encouraged to follow suit. Practical implications It is anticipated that the implementation of the recommendations furnished in this paper will contribute to significantly decreasing money laundering, corruption and other offences involving money in Bangladesh and in other countries. Social implications Prevention of corruption and other financial crimes. Originality/value This paper represents its originality in its critical analysis of frequent offerings of the opportunity for whitening black money and their unfair impacts on honest taxpayers and resultant stimulation for engaging in money laundering, corruption and other felonies. It evidently justifies the assumption that such amnesties to wrongdoers are contrary to the national constitution, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering legislation and they wound the sense of ethical behaviour of human beings. Moreover, it proves the hypothesis that such opportunities being offered to black money holders have no positive contribution towards creating additional demands in the country’s property markets.
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Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Natalie Valpiani, Kai Sun, Richard D. Semba, Christine L. Klotz, Klaus Kraemer, Nasima Akhter, et al. "Household Dietary Diversity and Food Expenditures Are Closely Linked in Rural Bangladesh, Increasing the Risk of Malnutrition Due to the Financial Crisis." Journal of Nutrition 140, no. 1 (November 18, 2009): 182S—188S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.110809.
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