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Kwangware, Debra. "The impact of macroeconomic and financial factors on the performance of the housing property market in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005641.
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This study exammes the impact of macroeconomic and financial variables on the performance of the housing property market in South Africa using monthly data for the period January 1996 to June 2008. Orthogonalised and non-orthogonalised house price returns and real estate returns are utilised as proxies for the housing property market in separate models. Three main issues were empirically analysed in relation to the linkage between selected variables and the housing property market. The first aspect examined the relationship between selected macroeconomic and financial factors and property returns. Secondly, the study examined the influence that a unit shock to each variable has on property returns over a period of time. The third aspect focused on determining the proportion of property returns variation that results from changes in the macroeconomic and financial variables. VAR modelling was thus adopted to empirically analyse these three aspects. The results reveal that house price returns are influenced by most of the macroeconomic and financial variables used in this study. Specifically, the real effective exchange rate, interest rate spread and manufacturing production positively impact on house price returns while the domestic interest rate, the dividend yield and expected inflation have a negative effect. Furthermore, manufacturing production has a lagged effect on house price returns while the real effective exchange rate and domestic interest rate have a contemporaneous effect. Real estate returns are not influenced by most of the variables except for the domestic interest rate and dividend yield which have a negative effect.
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Kellerman, Mikhalien. "The Constitutional Property Clause and Immaterial Property Interests." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6536.
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Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The question that this dissertation addresses is which immaterial property interests may be recognised and protected under the constitutional property clause and if so, under which circumstances. The question originated in the First Certification case 1 where the court held that the constitutional property clause is wide enough to include property interests that require protection according to international norms. The traditional immaterial property interests or intellectual property rights (patents, copyright, designs and trademarks) are protected as property in private law on a sui generis basis. Since it is generally accepted that the property concept in constitutional law includes at least property rights protected in private law, it is relatively unproblematic to include intellectual property rights under the constitutional property clause. In Laugh It Off v SAB International,2 the Constitutional Court explicitly balanced the right to a trademark with the right to freedom of expression, which is accepted as authority that at least trademarks may be recognised and protected as constitutional property. The other intellectual property rights may most likely be recognised and protected by analogy. Foreign law as well as international law also indicates that intellectual property should be recognised and protected as constitutional property. However, there are other, unconventional immaterial property interests that are not protected as property in private law. Some are protected in private law, but not as property; others originate in public law; and yet others are not protected yet at all. In terms of the Constitution, South African courts may consider foreign law, but must consider international law. This dissertation determines when these interests may be protected as constitutional property by reference to foreign cases from German, American, Australian and Irish law; regional international law, namely European Union cases; and international law. The conclusion is that unconventional immaterial property interests may generally be protected if they are vested and acquired in terms of normal law, have patrimonial value and serve the general purpose of constitutional property protection. Property theories are also useful to determine when immaterial property interests deserve constitutional protection, although other theories may be more useful for some of the unconventional interests. The German scaling approach and the balancing of competing interests is a useful approach for South African courts to help determine the appropriate level of protection for specific immaterial property interests without excluding some at the outset.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vraag waarmee hierdie verhandeling handel is of belange in immateriële goedere erken en beskerm kan word in terme van die grondwetlike eiendomsklousule en indien wel, onder watter omstandighede. Die vraag het sy ontstaan in die First Certification saak,3 waar die Grondwetlike Hof beslis het dat die eiendomsklousule se omvang wyd genoeg is om belange in eiendom in te sluit wat volgens internasionale norme beskerming verg. Sekere regte in immateriële goedere word op ’n sui generis basis in die privaatreg beskerm, naamlik die regte in tradisionele immaterieelgoederereg kategorieë of intellektuele eiendom (patente, kopiereg, ontwerpe en handelsmerke). Dit is 'n algemene beginsel van grondwetlike eiendomsreg dat die konsep van eiendom minstens belange insluit wat as eiendom in die privaatreg beskerm word. In Laugh It Off v SAB International4 het die Grondwetlike Hof 'n handelsmerkreg opgeweeg teen die reg op vryheid van uitdrukking en hierdeur implisiet erken dat minstens handelsmerke en dalk ook ander intellektuele eindemsregte deur die eiendomsklousule erken en beskerm kan word. Buitelandse reg sowel as internasionale reg dui aan dat intellektuele eiendom grondwetlike beskerming behoort te ontvang. Buiten hierdie belange is daar ook immaterieelgoederereg belange wat nie onder eiendomsreg beskerm word in die privaatreg nie. Sommige van hierdie belange word wel in die privaatreg beskerm, maar dan onder ander areas van die reg as eiendom; ander het hul oorsprong in die publiekreg; en die res word tans glad nie beskerm nie. Die Grondwet bepaal dat howe buitelandse reg in ag kan neem en dat hulle internasionale reg moet oorweeg. Die verhandeling se vraag word beantwoord met verwysing na sake uit die Duitse, Amerikaanse, Australiese en Ierse grondwetlike reg; streeks-internasionale reg van die Europese Unie; en internasionale reg. Die onkonvensionele immaterieelgoederereg belange kan oor die algemeen beskerm word as eiendom indien daar 'n gevestigde reg is, die reg in terme van gewone reg verkry is en die belang die algemene oogmerke van die grondwetlike klousule bevorder. Die teorieë oor die beskerming van eiendom is van nut om te bepaal watter belange beskerm kan word, alhoewel sekere onkonvensionele belange beter geregverdig kan word deur ander tipes teorieë. Die Duitse metode om belange op te weeg kan van besonderse nut wees vir Suid Afrikaanse howe om te bepaal watter vlak van beskerming spesifieke belange in immaterieelgoedere behoort te geniet.
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Worthington, Sarah Elizabeth. "Proprietary interests in commercial transactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336602.
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Lin, Min <1987>. "Law and Economics of Security Interests in Intellectual Property." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7833/1/LIN_Min_tesi.pdf.
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With the overall purpose of exploring the main research question, i.e., “what is the preferred legal framework to optimize the use of IP as collateral in debt finance, in order to solve the problems in funding R&D activities and to foster innovation?”, this dissertation adopts a law and economic analysis into the in-depth examination on the impacts of legal risks and transaction costs from different aspects.
Firstly, for further exploring the economic reasons for promoting IP collateralization, it goes back to the basic theories of debt finance and recalls the role of collateral in solving the informational asymmetry problems between debtors and creditors. It shows that the signaling role of IP in the ex ante selection process and the disciplinary role of IP in the ex post lending relationship can help the lenders to reduce the overall default probability in the first place.
Then, by discussing some potential conflicts in the legal rules for IP collateralization, it establishes a conceptual assessment framework for evaluating the frameworks for IP collateralization in China, the US, and the international efforts done by the UNCITRAL. The comparative study shows the difficulties in coordinating secured law and IP law and sheds light on our understanding of how to build up an efficient legal regime for IP collateralization, especially for China.
At last, the dissertation looks into the enforceability of anti-assignment or anti-attachment clauses in the IP licenses in the case of IP collateralization. It shows how different legal rules can change the time of negotiation and the bargaining powers among parties, consequently change the equilibrium of the lending decision, and eventually have impacts on investment decisions. It demonstrates why simply prioritizing the objectives of IP law may not be the best solution to solve the conflicts between IP law and secured transaction law.
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Rover, Jan-Hendrik. "Comparative principles of security interests : secured debt and charged property." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/comparative-principles-of-security-interests--secured-debt-and-charged-property(8b168e19-e646-4e67-ad14-76e1c2319205).html.
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1. The study starts with a distinction of three dimensions of comparative law, an analytical, an empirical and a normative dimension. This distinction lays the foundation for the rest of the study. 2. It then introduces the principles method of comparative law. Comparative legal principles, it is held, have to comply with four criteria: they have to be functional, positive, general and potentially universal. The intention behind introducing the concept of comparative legal principles is to improve the practicability of comparative law. It is also intended to avoid the "universalistic fallacy" which is often found in comparative law. Examples for the universalistic fallacy are identified with Rabel's "general principles", Esser's "universal principles" or Schlesinger's "common core". Contrary to these concepts legal principles are understood in this study as mere analytical tools. 3. The next tool for the ensuing comparison of this study is identified in normative criteria. It is shown that the analytical principles can be evaluated on the basis of the micro- and macroeconomic functions of security. As the most important function the risk-reducing function of security is identified. Other microeconomic functions of security are the function to provide information about the debtor and the prevention of risk shifting. In addition, the study points out the macroeconomic importance of security (which supports lending and investment in an economy and assists in the efficient allocation of resources in an economy). 4. On the basis of the principles method of comparative law and the normative principles a number of functional principles of security law are described which show the understanding of secured debt and charged property in several legal systems. The study describes legal concepts which are developed from specific legal issues and which are evaluated on the basis of normative criteria. The present study demonstrates that the principles method can lead to specific, practical results.
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Kutsch, Nina. "The valuation of interests in UK unlisted closed-ended property funds." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511734.
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Bollom, Michael W. "Capturing ideas : institutions, interests, and intellectual property rights reform in India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10740.
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Fails, Matthew David Krieckhaus Jonathan Tabor. "The political economy of property rights institutions, interests, and economic prosperity /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6972.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Jonathan Krieckhaus. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Friesland, Mark, and Philip Åkerhielm. "Financial Arrangements for Large Property Transactions." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191549.
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The transaction volumes on the Swedish real estate market have during the last few years been soaring. The correlation between the financing climate in Sweden and the transaction volumes have been eminent. In an industry where external capital is of vital essence, it is extremely important to create a financing arrangement that sustains both booms and recessions. To generate a broader view of the real estate market, the purpose of the thesis has been to survey the financing arrangements in large property transactions during an economic cycle, the last decade. Through the information the thesis has aimed for creating a view of determining factors behind the choice of financing arrangement, provide a prospective view and to explore suitable arrangements given the economy. The thesis has mainly used a qualitative approach combined with a quantitative collection of data. Thus, it is based on a survey of financing arrangements from the 4 largest transactions each year from the last decade and on information gathered through interviews with key figures from both real estate owners and real estate consultants. The gathered material indicated that the numerous companies’ different financial arrangements was defined by their purpose of ownership. The real estate owners have historically used a high degree of external financing in transactions, primarily bank debt. The banks’ willingness of lending have however varied over time which inevitably affect the companies. The more recent period of the survey shows that financing through capital markets have become an important source. Despite varying loanto- value ratios during the period, the high levels from before have not been found. The reason behind the lower degree of leverage in general is due to the fact that the real estate owners have learnt a lesson from previous crisis. Our thesis displays that financing arrangements differs depending on buyer and that it is company specific. The various arrangements depending on buyer and company have evidentially made it problematic to find direct connections between choice of financing and economy or to find basis in earlier theories. However, when it comes to the real estate owners, we were able to see resemblance of the Trade-off theory. The consistent coherence amongst the real estate owners – which also endorses the Trade-off theory – is to find a sustainable combination of internal- and external capital to, from without a defined risk profile, maximise returns.Transaktionsvolymerna på fastighetsmarknaden har under de senaste åren varit glödhet. Det allmänna finansieringsklimatet i landet har varit starkt korrelerad till transaktionsvolymerna. I en bransch där lånekapital är av vital betydelse har det varit synnerligen betydelsefullt för aktörerna att hitta ett finansieringsupplägg som är tillräckligt slagkraftigt i både upp- och nedgång. För att bilda oss en bredare uppfattning om fastighetsmarknaden har studiens syfte gått ut på att kartlägga hur finansieringsuppläggen vid stora fastighetsaffärer har sett ut under en konjunkturcykel, det senaste decenniet. Utifrån det har studien syftat till att ge en bild kring faktorerna bakom valet av finansieringsupplägg, ge en framåtblickande syn samt försöka hitta ett förslag på ett lämpligt finansieringsupplägg givet konjunktur. Studien har huvudsakligen haft en kvalitativ ansats, kombinerat med en kvantitativ datainsamling. Studien baseras således dels på en kartläggning av finansieringsuppläggen på de 4 största transaktionerna för respektive år under det senaste decenniet och dels på information inhämtad genom intervjuer med personer verksamma inom fastighetsbolag och fastighetsrådgivning. Det insamlade materialet indikerade att de olika aktörernas finansieringsupplägg definierades av respektive aktörs ägandesyfte. Fastighetsbolag har exempelvis historiskt utnyttjat en hög grad av extern finansiering vid transaktioner, primärt bankfinansiering. Bankernas utlåningsvilja har dock från tid till annan varierat vilket påverkat företagen i allra högsta grad. Under senare delen av undersökningsperioden har även kapitalmarknaderna varit en betydande finansieringskälla. Trots varierande belåningsgrader under perioden, har de höga nivåerna från förr inte återfunnits. Anledningen har framförallt kopplats till att aktörerna lärt sig en ordentlig läxa från tidigare kriser. Studien har framförallt visat att finansieringsuppläggen skiljt sig markant beroende på vem köparen är och att finansieringsupplägg rent generellt är väldigt bolagsspecifikt. Detta har medfört att det blivit svårt att finna direkta samband mot samtliga aktörer och kunna koppla deras agerande till tidigare teorier. Allmänt vad gäller just fastighetsbolag har vi däremot funnit störst likheter med Trade-off theory. En grundläggande tanke för många fastighetsbolag har visat sig vara att finna en stabil avvägning mellan eget- och främmande kapital för att utifrån en definierad riskprofil maximera avkastningen. Detta är också vad Trade-off förespråkar.
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Matoušek, Josef. "Zdroje financování při koupi rezidenční nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409895.
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This diploma thesis deals with financial issues of immovable property acquision. Specifically, the residential property purchase using mortgage. In this context, the suitability of the collateral is being assessed on the basis of a risk assessment. Subsequently, I determine the collateral value of the property using the comparative valuation method. The practical part includes financial records of six banks and an analysis of a selected segment of the residential real estate market. The theoretical part deals with immovable property valuation, the definition of entities in the real estate market and mortgage mechanism. The main output of the practical part is offered mortgage loans comparison and selection the most favourable of them.
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Fick, G. H. "Interspousal property division and financial provision on divorce." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76754.
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Divorce has become an established phenomenon in an "age of discontinuity."* Together with altered patterns of family behaviour, new forms of wealth and modes of consumption, and the apotheosis of the individual and his right of self-determination, it has focused the attention on the de iure sorting out of financial or property issues between autonomous ex-spouses. The law can do nothing to artificially sustain the marriage, but it can assist in the adjustment which individuals must face in the event of divorce.This thesis is mainly concerned with the economic adjustment, which the spouses to a disintegrated marriage face, following divorce and how the law of matrimonial property functions to accomplish a just and fair result. The ex post facto solution reached is based on the cognizable trend in modern matrimonial property laws of limited sharing of less property adapted to the individual circumstances.
Throughout the treatment of the subject matter, extensive historical, critical and analytical references are made to the law of major Western countries--Canada, England, France, Germany and the U.S.A.--in an effort to deduce a coherent guide to the discretionary redistribution of marital means between husband and wife upon divorce. ftn * P. Drucker, The Age of Discontinuity (1968).
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Lin, Min [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Eger. "Law and Economics of Security Interests in Intellectual Property / Min Lin ; Betreuer: Thomas Eger." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129874818/34.
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Lin, Min Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Eger. "Law and Economics of Security Interests in Intellectual Property / Min Lin ; Betreuer: Thomas Eger." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-84191.
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Wyatt, Anne. "Financial analysts and intangible assets." Melbourne, Vic. : University of Melbourne, Dept. of Accounting and Business Information Systems, 2002. http://wff2.ecom.unimelb.edu.au/accwww/research/papers/0204%20AWyatt&JWong.pdf.
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"June 2002" Includes bibliographical references: (p. 30-35). The papers examines the association between the transparency of corporate financial reporting on intangible assets relative to a proxy for total intangible assets, and analyst incentives to follow firms and properties of analysts' earnings forecasts - controlling for endogeneity among these factors. More transparent financial reporting on intangible assets is measured by higher recognition of intangible assets on the balance sheet relative to a proxy variable for total (underlying) intangible assets, market value added which equals equity market value minus book value with intangible assets subtracted. The results suggest (1) a reputation for transparent financial reporting on intangible assets is associated with increased demand for analyst research and thus analyst following incentives; and (2) a reputation for less transparent reporting on intangible assets is associated with higher forecast dispersion and errors due to analysts' greater reliance on their own private information. The study extends research on determinants of analyst following, forecast dispersion and accuracy, and research on the impact of public disclosure on private information acquisition activity.
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McIntosh, Angus Peter John. "The financial implications of building design." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278534.
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Van, der Mescht Elizabeth. "Limited interests in property an overview of limited interests in property with particular reference to the taxation of usufructs and more specifically the capital gains tax effects on disposal for individuals and for trusts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12202.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The aim of this dissertation is to provide an overview of limited interests in property with particular reference to the taxation of usufructs and more specifically to the capital gains tax effect on disposal for individuals and trusts.
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Iglesias-Badillo, Eduardo J. "International recognition of property interests in leased aircraft : the new unidroit convention on mobile equipment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64283.pdf.
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Miao, Meng. "Financial constraints in emerging markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aaf1fe1c-660b-4514-a3e0-f466ec825438.
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In this thesis I explore two factors that impose constraints for external finance of firms in Emerging market, the lack of property rights protection and the absence of political connections. I demonstrates that strengthening of property rights protection and sustaining tighter political connection is beneficial for firms external finance.
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Scott, Peter. "Financial institutions and the British property investment market 1850 - 1980." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332916.
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Ikkatai, Koji. "Balancing financial and strategic aspects of real property portfolio management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45697.
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Schoeman, W. "The use of a private company to promote and develop the property interests of rural communities." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2340.
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Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018The aim of this study is to posit the theory that it will be more beneficial to, rather use a private company instead of a Communal Property Association (CPA) to promote and develop the property interests of previous disadvantaged rural communities. Maladministration, poor governance, misappropriation of funds and property together with diverging interests give rise to disputes and internal conflict. The research will include a literature study of relevant textbooks, case law, law journals, legislation and discussion documents. Constitutional development in property law opened the door for a different approach in the application of property rights and rights relating to property, which in return precedes to a better understanding of communal rights and the enforcement of traditional values in a democratic society. Despite these constitutional developments, the maladministration, poor governance and misappropriation of funds and property by Communal Property Association executive committees caused discontent amongst community members, necessitating the examining of the use of a private company to promote and develop the property interests of rural communities, as an alternative institution to enhance democracy and the protection of human rights in communal context. The development of, either proper legislation to ensure compliance with the principles of good governance, accountability and transparency or the use of an alternative institution, which is already required by law to comply with the said principles, to manage the affairs of a Communal Property Association, should resolve these problems. The study is primarily a critical analysis and comparative study on the relevant provisions of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 in relation to the provisions of the Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996 to establish whether the use of a private company can resolve the problems currently experienced by Communal Property Associations.
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MONTALBANO, GIUSEPPE. "Reshaping hegemony: societal interests and political power in the European post‐crisis financial governance." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201108.
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A Neo‐Gramscian approach to the analysis of EU integration and policy-making. Mapping the participatory channels in the EU economic and financial policy-making. The formation of the European post‐crisis regulatory agenda. The reform of Basel II and the Capital Requirements’ package. The reform of the Lamfalussy process and the European supervision of the financial markets. The Single Supervisory Mechanism and the path towards the Banking Union. The debate on the Banking Structural Reform: a view on the on going negotiations.
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Davis, C. J. "The effects of estoppel, waiver and the doctrine of benefit and burden on property interests in land." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380963.
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Njoya, Wanjiru Neema. "Ownership and property rights in the company : a law and economics analysis of shareholder and employee interests." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421654.
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Joyner, David Lee. "FINANCIAL IMPACTS OF MILITARY BASE CLOSURES ON LOCAL COMMUNITY PROPERTY VALUES." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/51.
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The dissertation explores the financial ramifications of US military base closure on local community real estate property values. The dissertation examines an area that has not received sufficient research. Previous works on military base closure by Bradshaw, Kroll, Corley, Kirshenbaum and Harlan (1995); Dardia, McCarty, Malkin, and Vernez, (1996); Hooker and Knetter (2001) and Krizan (1998) examine more generalized economic factors such as employment and macroeconomic activity. More recent published dissertation work by authors Hall (1998) and Poppert (2002) have provided interesting explanatory hypotheses to assist municipal and state leaders in crafting working plans to assist communities where base closure occurs. This dissertation intends to look into the effects on real estate property values in the wake of military base closures. The dissertation expands the study of base closure effects into a relatively new area on the fluctuation of real estate property values. An enhanced understanding of how military base closures affect real estate values will have implications for real estate investors, developers, city and county government planners, and budget directors from local school districts to state government.
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White, Simone. "Protection of the financial interests of the European Communities : the fight against fraud and corruption." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2599/.
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The protection of the financial interests of the European Communities ('PIF'), as a political/legal endeavour presents unique features. Firstly it is central to the future of the Communities; increasingly it has been perceived as an essential ingredient to preserve the credibility of the 'European Project'. Secondly it has opened up a penal-administrative space at EC level, which many regard as a fore-runner to a European Criminal Legal Space - a vision fraught with difficulties. Notwithstanding the high profile of 'PIF', on the whole progress in fraud control has been uneven, due to the sectoral approach adopted. On the expenditure side of the budget, the most regulated area remains the part of the EA66F-Guarantee Section Fund, whilst Structural Funds remain fairly un-policed. Of late it has been recognized that procurement fraud, involving the corruption of officials who work with Structural Funds, is rife in many Member States, and legislative solutions have been sought at EC level. On the income side of the budget, the control of VAT fraud rests mainly with the Member States. Other duties have become increasingly difficult to collect in view of the near-collapse of the transit system: solutions advocated include the computerisation of the transit system and various improvements in Customs' modi operandi. All Member States have experienced difficulties in recovering EC funds obtained through irregularities: a case study is offered, which compares the British and Danish approaches to the recovery of EC funds. In relation to VAT and excise regimes, the organisation of Customs, and recovery of funds, greater integration would be more effective that Commission supervision of the Member States.
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Kastner, Lisa. "Restraining regulatory capture : an empirical examination of the power of weak interests in financial reforms." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0001.
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Le but de l’étude est de mettre en question la capture de régulation par les intérêts concentrés de la finance dans les débats sur les mesures à prendre après la crise du crédit partie des États-Unis en 2008. Les décideurs publics de ce pays et de l’Union européenne ont entrepris des efforts de réforme ambitieux pour mieux protéger les consommateurs de services financiers. Les débats au Congrès des États-Unis et au Parlement européen se sont achevés sur des décisions importantes concernant la réglementation du crédit. Fortement politisés, ils avaient suscité un lobbying intense des groupes d’intérêt de la finance et de la société civile, où normalement ces derniers auraient été tenus pour beaucoup plus faibles que leurs adversaires. Paradoxalement, une coalition de la société civile aux moyens modestes a réussi à convaincre les décideurs de la nécessité du changement et à contrecarrer les efforts du lobby financier pour l’empêcher. Qu’est-ce qui explique que des acteurs faibles et périphériques l’ont emporté sur des acteurs riches et puissants ?The goal of this study is to examine and challenge questions of regulatory capture by concentrated industry interests in the reform debates in response to the credit crisis which originated in the US in 2008. Policymakers in the EU and the US set ambitious reform efforts in motion to better protect consumers of financial services. Decisions to reform credit regulations marked the end of highly politicized reform debates in the US Congress as well as in the European Parliament, involving lobbying from business associations and civil society groups, in which proponents of reforms would normally have been considered to be much weaker than their opponents. Paradoxically, a poorly-resourced civil society coalition successfully lobbied decision-makers and countered industry attempts to prevent regulatory change. What, then, explains that rather weak and peripheral actors prevailed over more resourceful and dominant actors?
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Malgas, Shannon M. "The effects of subsidized housing on the property values of neighbourhoods within its vicinity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27981.
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Over time neighbourhoods have shown opposition to Government subsidized housing programmes being developed within their neighbourhoods. This is due to the perceived negative impacts that these housing developments have on the neighbourhood. Opposition has grown since implementation of the Housing Code of 2009. The Code aims to integrate low income households into more affluent areas, in order to provide these households with greater access to economic and social opportunities, which they were previously denied having been placed on the urban periphery. Opponents to subsidized housing developments have nevertheless expressed concerns with a possible decline in property values. These concerns are however based on perception, rather than factual evidence to this effect. There is a paucity of studies on the topic within the South African context. While there are a number of studies on the topic within other countries, the results cannot be generalized due to the difference in demographics, housing subsidy programmes and structure of the City of Cape Town. An analysis of the impact within the City of Cape Town context may thus be beneficial. This paper analysed the impacts of Residential Development Programme (RDP) housing and Social Housing (rental) projects, as these are the subsidized housing developments that have received the most opposition. The paper has thus used a Difference-in-Difference Hedonic Pricing Model analysis to determine the neighbourhood impacts of subsidized housing on the property values of surrounding neighbourhoods. RDP housing was estimated to have a negative effect on proximate property values, while Social Housing was estimated to have no effect. It is recommended that future developments are aesthetically appealing, have landscaping, are well maintained and are well integrated with the surrounding community. These efforts should also be well communicated to the host communities during the public participation events. Further analysis is required to determine the cause of the negative effects of the RDP development to ensure that these are mitigated in future RDP projects. These may allow the State to provide the much-needed housing opportunities, with limited opposition from the host communities.
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BARBOSA, Rafael. "Essays in public economics and financial macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/71503.
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Defence date: 24 May 2021Examining Board: Professor Ramon Marimon (European University Institute); Professor Russell Cooper (European University Institute); Professor David Yves Albouy (University of Illinois); Professor Christian Bayer (University of Bonn)
The first chapter of the thesis is entitled A Brief History of Land Value Taxation in Economic Theory. The issue of land rents and their taxation through a land value tax (LVT) was as a hotly debated topic in economic theory since classical age and until the early twentieth century, when it mostly vanished as a research subject. I provide a brief history of the evolution of the concept of land value taxation in economic theory in order to understand the reasons why it fell out of favor as a research subject in the literature. I identify this outcome as being a consequence of developments both inside and outside academia. The second chapter is entitled Tax Housing or Land? Distributional Effects of Property Taxation in Germany. Despite its theoretical merits, Land Value Taxation is not a common policy instrument. One of the main reasons is uncertainty regarding its distributional impacts. Using a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents calibrated to an unique household level dataset of German homeowners in 2017, we assess the distributional effects of replacing a housing tax with a LVT. Our data shows the share of land value in property value is 33%, on average, with considerable household heterogeneity, both within and across regions, and within income levels. We add to the empirical literature by showing land values are more concentrated than property values, but, within regions, not as strongly correlated with income, making it less progressive than a standard property tax for homeowners. Our model is the first to allow for an efficiency-equity trade-off from the introduction of a revenue neutral LVT. Results from the model show the introduction of a LVT increases residential investment substantially, reducing housing rents and benefiting renters. It also leads to migration from urban regions, promoting regional convergence. Landowners with high land holdings lose, in general, but most other landowners across income levels benefit, especially in non-urban regions. Overall, introduction of a LVT increases welfare, despite a minor regressive tendency in urban regions for homeowners. The third chapter is entitled Credit Spirals: Spillovers between Firm and Household Borrowing in a Small Open Economy. The paper deals with an open economy model of financial crisis with sudden stops, but featuring both household and firm borrowing. So far, the literature has mostly ignored the effects of joint borrowing for financial stability. The model features occasionally binding borrowing constraints and shows how borrowing decisions in one sector can reinforce standard capital flows and increase the volatility of collateral asset through strategic complementarities, beyond what standard financial accelerator models would predict. These spillovers can lead to sharper reductions in borrowing and consumption during sudden stop events.
-- Part 1 A Brief History of Land Value Taxation in Economic Theory -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Classics -- 1.3 Henry George and Rise to Prominence -- 1.4 The Marginalists and Fall from Grace -- 1.5 Post Marginalists -- 1.6 Concluding Remarks -- Part 2 Tax Housing or Land? Distributional Effects of Property Taxation in Germany -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Literature Review -- 2.3 Data -- 2.3.1 Household Survey -- 2.3.2 VALKIS + M -- 2.3.3 SOEP 2.0 -- 2.4 Regional Data Analysis -- 2.5 Analysis of SOEP 2.0 -- 2.5.1 Distributions of Land and Property Value -- 2.5.2 Land Value Share -- 2.5.3 Land Value Share and Income -- 2.5.4 Regional analysis -- 2.5.5 Quantitative analysis -- 2.6 Model -- 2.6.1 Households -- 2.6.2 Migration -- 2.6.3 Firms -- 2.6.4 Government -- 2.6.5 Competitive Equilibrium -- 2.6.6 Calibration -- 2.7 Model Results -- 2.7.1 Optimal Policies -- 2.7.2 Regional Differences in Steady State -- 2.7.3 Policy Experiments -- 2.8 Conclusion -- Appendix -- A Construction of SOEP 2.0 -- B ALKIS - Example -- C Decomposing the Income Elasticity of the Land Value Share -- C.1 Reformulation of Income effect on Structures Value -- D Additional Empirical Results -- E Solving for the Competitive Equilibrium of the Model -- F Additional Model Results -- Part 3 Credit Spirals: Spillovers Between Firm and Household Borrowing in a Small Open Economy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.3 Basic Model -- 3.3.1 Environment -- 3.3.2 Household -- 3.3.3 Firms -- 3.3.4 Equilibrium -- 3.4 Full Model -- 3.4.1 Extension -- 3.4.2 Parameterization -- 3.4.3 Results -- 3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 2 ‘Tax Housing or Land? Distributional Effects of Property Taxation in Germany' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as CESifo Working Paper, 2019/8039
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Berglöf, Erik. "Corporate control and capital structure : essays on property rights and financial contracts." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-907.
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Cantuaria, Patricia Lucia Martins Cardoso. "Using Sui generis systems and biopartnerships to provide protection for plant genetic resources : a balance of stakeholder interests, rights and duties; case study Brazil." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364443.
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Turnbull, Christopher J. "Family law property settlements: Principled law reform for separated families." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/113831/1/Christopher_Turnbull_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the philosophical basis, values, and practical application of family law, specifically property settlements for separated spouses, where those spouses have children of their relationship. It is a step forward in understanding of how judges decide cases, as it reports on the results and process of decision-making using 200 decisions from family law courts. It develops criteria for defining justice in this context, including a clear purpose to the law, consistency of decision-making, non-discrimination between spouses, giving weight to financial disadvantage, and priority to the economic interests of children.
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Erickson, Amy Louise. "The property ownership and financial decisions of ordinary women in early modern England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272312.
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Muller, Henrike. "Interests or ideas? : The regulation of insurance services and the European single market : trade liberalisation, risk regulation and limits to market integration." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270713.
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This thesis takes as its starting point a set of questions raised by the regulatory politics school of thought. These questions are addressed from the specific perspective of the insurance sector during the European single market programme of the late 1980s to early 1990s. The focus is on German and British sectoral and governmental actors and their interaction with EC-level institutions (in particular the European Commission), rules and policies. The thesis addressesis sueso f regulatory autonomy, regime change, interest representation and the evolution of norms and ideas in the context of the European single market. The issues are examined from three interdependent levels of governance: (a. ) multilateral (the negotiations during the Uruguay Round, leading to the GATS); (Chapter 2); (b. ) the European Community level (the Single Market); (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4); and (c. ) domestic policy reform (German reform of insurance regulation in the context of the Single Market Programme) (Chapter 5). These sector-specific developments are set into the broader context of the debate on the nature of European integration. An institutionalist account is contrasted with a critical evaluation of the realist school of European studies and its origins in public choice theory. A central, guiding question is: what different "landscapes" do we perceive if we observe (de- and re-) regulation through the analytical "lenses" of economic accounts of regulation and institutionalist approaches? Public choice theories, it is argued, focus almost exclusively on efficiency concerns and utility (whether at the level of the individual or at the level of the company), neglecting broader social ideas that motivate decision-makers, as well as the impact of institutions on choice and collective strategies. It is concluded that, despite trade liberalisation and deregulation, regulatory practices in the insurance sector continue to be driven by normative "road maps", anchored in and mediated by national institutions and historical experiences
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Rosal, João MauriÌcio. "Financial economics under structural uncertainty and low property rights : an agency-theoretic perspective." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406772.
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Khalid, Abd Ghani. "Hedonic price estimation of the financial impact of obsolescence on commercial property buildings." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333879.
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Morosine, Vitor Morais. "Conflict of interests within the real estate funds industry: empirical evidence from trading behavior of financial institutions." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20470.
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Utilizing a database from B3 (formerly BM&FBOVESPA), we have analyzed if financial institutions that provide Custody and Asset Management within the Real Estate Funds industry and also have a distribution business such as a Private Banking or Financial Advisory unit tend to trade more of its own securities than what would be expected under a non-conflicted situation and without any informational advantage. Our study englobes all transactions realized through B3 from March of 2015 to April of 2017 for the 101 most liquid Real Estate Funds and the results indicate that all financial institutions that are prone to conflicts of interest tend to exploit it. Without exception, they negotiate much more of their own securities that what would be expected if the Distribution and Asset Management business were completely independent, whereas firms that are not conflicted tend to act more in line with what would be expected, although not uniformly. Our data also suggests that conflicted financial institutions tend to underperform the reference Index.
Utilizando uma base de dados da B3 (antiga BM&FBOVESPA), analisamos se instituições financeiras que fazem a administração e custódia de Real Estate Funds e também tem uma plataforma de distribuição como Private Banking ou Assessoria Financeira tendem a negociar mais dos seus ativos do que o que seria esperado em uma situação sem conflito de interesses ou vantagem informacional. Nosso estudo abrange todos as negociações realizadas em bolsa entre Março de 2015 e Abril de 2017 para os 101 Real Estate Funds mais líquidos. Os resultados indicam que todas as instituições financeiras que estão sujeitas a situação de conflito de interesse – definida como ter ao mesmo tempo gestão e distribuição de Real Estate Funds – sucumbem a tal conflito, enquanto instituições não conflitadas se comportam em linha com o que seria esperado de agentes isentos, embora não de maneira uniforme. Nossos dados também indicam que a maior parte das instituições financeiras conflitadas tende performar menos do que o índice de referência.
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Sharp, Catherine B. "The financial contributions made by tenants towards the cost of modernising council houses." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315449.
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Crossley, Peter Alan. "Winchester Corporation nineteenth-century leases : a review of financial aspects as a source of city building history." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274446.
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Marcelin, Isaac. "THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, BANKING PERFORMANCE, PRIVATIZATION, AND GROWTH." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/157.
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The problem of the present study is twofold (1) analyze the impacts of institutions and private property rights on the banking industry, and (2) the effects of property rights, contracting rights and intellectual property rights concurrent to privatization of state owned enterprises on a wide range of industries. First, it uses a sample of 37 countries to assess the effects privatization on industry growth of output, value added and establishments with regards to property rights institutions, using 3SLS technique. Consistent with the law and finance view, our results show that privatization works better in settings with better contracting, patents, and IPRs laws to foster industry growth. The results suggest that least developed countries can accelerate the growth of their industrial sector by structurally bettering their legal institutions to benefit from their privatization programs. There is strong evidence of structural unemployment in sectors that are more capital intensive; privatization has a crowding out effect channeled through financial development. The results have broad implications vis-à-vis policy choices for institutional reforms specifically in terms of control of corruption, enhancing property rights, contracting rights, and IRPs protection for privatization to bear fruits. Second, this study assumes that banks in countries with infective institutions operate in a highly risky environment, which is reflected in the interest rates spread, loan quality, and net interest margin. It investigates the relationships between banks and institutions using seemingly unrelated regressions and data from 79 countries. It shows that institutional improvements abate inefficiencies in the banking sector, reduce obstacles to external finance, and improve the quality of bank loan portfolios. Specifically, had a country in the 25th percentile of the institutional quality index, depth of credit information, and the spread improved its value to the mean sample of these variables, banks in that country would have had an annual decrease of 2.24% in net interest margin, 1.57% in unpaid loans, and 0.822 basis points in the spread. Other institutions including private and public registries are effective in improving access to external finance. Importantly, information on borrowers past loan repayment patterns significantly decreases the spreads only when controlled for predated institutional quality. This finding highlights the significance of institution-building especially in countries where sudden power shifts result into pendular swings in public policies. Third, using three independent samples to investigate the institutional factors affecting the performance of the banking sector around the world, this study finds that financial effects of three sets of institutions including private creditors’ right, property rights, and institutional quality on bank performance are strong. It uses SEM technique to show that better quality of institutions is negatively related to bank profitability while private creditors’ right and property rights institutions are positively related to bank profitability.
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Boca, Gleba. "Financial Development, Institutions and Economic Growth : An Empirical Evidence." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16153.
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What is the impact of financial development on economic growth and how institutional quality affects the role of financial development on economic growth? This thesis attempts to answer to these questions using a fixed effects estimation and two-step GMM estimator on a panel dataset of 93 countries from 2000-2007. The preposition is that financial sector development increases the availability of extra finance thereby increasing firms investment, which is essential for economic growth. The findings suggest that bank credit has anegative impact on economic growth. However when interacted with protection of property rights, bank credit has a positive impact economic growth. Additionally results further indicate that stock market capitalization is important for economic growth. For Countries that exhibit low levels of protection of property rights, stock market capitalization has a negative impact but countries that exhibit high protection of property rights the impact of stock market capitalization on growth is positive.
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Lyons, Ronan C. "The economics of Ireland's property market bubble." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8b7f52f-af24-45be-a2a4-b57ed9ebc26d.
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This doctorate explores key aspects of the economics of housing by examining Ireland's housing market bubble of the early 2000s. For earlier chapters, the main source material is a previously unused dataset of almost two million property listings, covering the entire country from 2006 until 2012, maintained by property website daft.ie. An initial chapter outlines stylised facts of Ireland's housing market 2007-2012, including a greater spread of prices over property size in the crash but a narrower spread of rents. In contrast, the geographical spread of prices and rents was largely unchanged. The spread of rents was constrained relative to the spread of prices, suggesting either renter search thresholds or buyer "lock-in" effects. To examine which was at work, the daft.ie dataset is combined with information on a range of amenities, including landscape, transport, education, social capital and market depth. Overall, there is clear evidence that the rent effects of a range of amenities are smaller than the price effects. There is limited evidence of procyclical amenity pricing, which would indicate "lock-in" effects, with the analysis suggesting instead countercyclical pricing, or "property ladder" effects during the bubble. Results from these analyses are based on listed price and rents, rather than transaction prices. The relationship between the two is examined in a separate chapter, using an additional Central Bank of Ireland dataset on mortgages. The spread between list and sale prices gap that exists between the two is decomposed into four parts, a selection spread, a matching spread, a counteroffer spread and a drawdown spread. A selection spread of up to 10% emerged in the Irish housing market after 2009, while the counteroffer spread was positive before 2009 but negative for much of the period 2009-2011. The final chapter uses both inverted-demand and price-rent ratio methods to examine the long-run determinants of house prices in Ireland from 1980 on. In addition to careful treatment of standard fundamentals, it includes a measure of credit conditions as well as the ratio of persons to households, both contributions to the literature. The resulting inverted demand error-correction model shows a clear and stable long-run relationship, which is largely preserved when cointegration between series is explored. Similarly, a model of the price-rent ratio from 2000 shows clear error-correction properties. Together, they suggest that while a range of factors drove Irish house prices 1995-2001, credit conditions were largely responsible for the subsequent increase.
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Bukkvoll, Tor. "The State as Purpose, the State as Property : National and Private Interests in the Foreign Policies of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-555.
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This doctoral dissertation discusses the willingness of political leaders in illiberal democracies to put national interests before private and factional interests in their foreign policy. Thus, the dissertation examines one variety of a fundamental question underlying much of political science: What do politicians want? Are they in office to pursue private and/or factional interests, or are they in office to enhance national interests?
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Singh, Srikesh. "A comparative analysis of financial guarantee instruments for mine closure in relation to the interests of medium-sized mines." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60095.
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In this dissertation I comparatively analyse the various financial guarantee instruments
for mine closure in relation to the interests of medium sized mines. I do this not to
compare each instrument against each another but rather in order to ascertain which
instruments are more beneficial to medium sized mine companies when included in a
state legislation or a contract. Mine closure is clearly a certainty for all mines, however
acquiring sufficient funding in order for holistic closure to occur has always been
problematic. Thus the use of financial guarantee instrument may mitigate such
concern and streamlining the choice will lead to attaining the holistic mine closure
objectives.
In chapter 1 I trace the history of mine closure as concept which has developed since
the 1870s and I illustrate how the concept of mine closure has taken into consideration
technical, social and environmental aspects. I do so in order to reinforce not only the
scope of mine closure but to further emphasise the progression of the concept. Finally,
I establish the current concept of mine closure, representing a meticulous concept
comprising of far more than the traditional physical closure. Arising from this
meticulous notion I discuss in chapter 2 the need for funding mine closure as the
foremost concern regarding mine closure. I highlight the key justifications for the
necessity for funding, I discuss the likely sources of such funding and I argue with
whom the responsibility of funding falls onto. As the substantive core of this paper, in
chapters 3 and 4 I introduce the most commonly opted for financial guarantee
instruments and the most significant interests of medium sized mines regarding the
financing of mine closure respectively. I deliberate concisely on each of the following
instruments, namely: letter of credit; surety bond; cash trust fund; insurance scheme
and self-guarantee and I discuss very briefly the most significant interests, namely:
profitability, liquidity, accessibility, corruption and tax implications.
Finally in chapter 5 I analyse and compare the discussed financial guarantee
instruments for mine closure against the interests of medium sized mines in order to
establish which are the most beneficial to the medium sized mine company in the
completion of holistic mine closure.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Keijser, Thomas Rudolf Maria Pius. "Financial collateral arrangements : the European collateral directive considered from a property and insolvency law perspective /." Deventer : Kluwer, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/51637110X.pdf.
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Chen, Chung-Yang. "Bridging cultures and traditions in the reconceptualisation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3148.
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In the first part of this century, the traditional common law jurisdiction of England and Wales and the civil law jurisdiction of Taiwan simultaneously gave increased legal recognition of the homemaker’s non-financial contributions to the marriage relationship, albeit using quite different mechanisms to achieve this. Family law in both jurisdictions has faced the issue of whether it should adapt to changed social norms by better reflecting the equal partnership discourse of marriage in the value that should be given to non-financial contributions typically made by women, such as housework and childcare, both during the marriage and on divorce. Yet, whether and how to do this has been the subject of much debate in both jurisdictions. This thesis therefore considers how the laws in these jurisdictions assess the value of non-financial contributions, before, during and after marriage (i.e. on divorce). It explores the extent to which they meet the aim of achieving substantive gender equality by weighing their achievements against the principles of gender mainstreaming. In order to evaluate this in the context of Taiwan where a gender mainstreaming approach was employed to frame the recent legislative reforms, a qualitative empirical research study was undertaken. The study also considers how social and cultural norms operate alongside or in opposition to the intended effects of legal developments in this field and argues that at the very least, stronger legal provisions going beyond gender neutral laws are needed to remove the traditional gendered assumptions about the low value of non-financial contributions. Therefore, this study intends to explore the problems which result from these socio-legal phenomena and, drawing on the strengths and weaknesses identified in the comparative study of Taiwan and England and Wales, put forward possible legal solutions. These, it is argued, involve a reconceptualisation of the value of non-financial contributions to marriage.
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Dahlquist, Kyla N. "Strategic Protection of Vital U.S. Assets Abroad: Intellectual Property Protection in the Trans-Pacific Partnership." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1408709770.
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Hellström, Amanda, and Sara Nilsson. "Nanotechnology Start-ups - Intellectual Property for Generating Value." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69274.
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Purpose – The purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding of how formal and informal intellectual property may affect value generation of strategic and financial values within the nanotechnology start-up sector. Method – This study had an inductive approach through a qualitative multi-case study. The data collection was carried out through 23 interviews, including four exploratory interviews and 19 semi-structured interviews. The collected data was continuously analyzed in order to identify concepts, themes and aggregated dimensions. The collected data was analyzed through two categories, namely type of intellectual property and prioritized type of value desired. Findings – Through protecting innovations nanotechnology start-ups seek both strategic and financial values. The findings show nanotechnology start-ups seek strategic values in the form of trustworthiness through qualified recognition, ability to increase in market share, and having a competitive presence on the market. The findings further show nanotechnology start-ups seek financial values in the form of effective resource allocation, direct income from market transactions, and ability to attain investors. Furthermore, the findings suggest that for nanotechnology start-ups to effectively generate strategic and financial values it can be beneficial to combine formal and informal IP where a combination of trade secrets and patents can be valuable. Theoretical contributions – The analysis resulted in a grounded theory articulation in the form of a conceptual framework describing the relationships between the type of IP and how it may affect value generation for nanotechnology start-ups. This study adds to previous research that aspects fulfilling market demands can be effectively protected by patents, and aspects difficult to reverse engineer can be effectively protected by trade secrets in order to generate strategic and financial value. This study also adds to theory by identifying enablers describing how nanotechnology start-ups can generate strategic and financial values, and which type of IP is associated with each enabler. Practical implications – This study provide managers within the nanotechnology start-up sector with a framework suggesting how to generate different values from protecting innovations. The study further concludes that there are six important aspects to consider in creating effective IP strategies within the nanotechnology start-up sector. These aspects include; mapping the technological environment and the commercial market, determining which actual strategic and financial values are important for the start-up, protecting different aspects of an innovation with different types of IP, having trade secrets on aspects of an innovation that are hard to reverse engineer, to formally protect aspects of an innovation that fulfills market demand, and making a plan for how the rights attained can generate value.
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Sahin, Evrim. "Evaluation Of The Financial Instruments Within The Conservation Activities." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607862/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, the immovable cultural properties are conserved by being listed either as single units or as conservation zones in accordance with relative laws and regulations. This legal registration restricts the development rights of these immovable estates. While the owner of the immovable looses the development and the productive rights over his estate, he is also undertaken the maintenance, repair and restoration responsibilities of the building.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the achievements and the deficiencies of the financial aids supplied for maintenance, repair and restoration of cultural properties in Turkey, to survey possible contributions of new financial instruments which have been came into force with the last legal arrangements and to make policies for strengthening the present instruments while new financial instruments are also proposed.
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Lu, Wanting. "Financial reforms, divided interests, and tipping point policy-making : renminbi internationalization as a new catalyst for structural reforms in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57944.
Full textAbstract:
China’s RMB has been making quiet march onto the world stage, first into focus in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, and notably gathering pace after 2012. By examining the seeming puzzle of why RMB internationalization, after a long albeit methodical trudge, accelerated after 2012, this paper seeks to offer a theory that could explain the motivations behind China’s pursuit of RMB internationalization. I argue that the existing approaches to this question, which primarily looks to the traditional economic factors such as relative national economic fundamentals, cost/benefit of currency internationalization, and impact of external shocks, fall short of explaining the timing, pace and trajectory of the RMB internationalization process. I maintain instead that the source of the dynamics driving RMB internationalization should be located in the structure of political decision making and political imperatives of the key players in the decision making process. This paper contends that RMB internationalization should above all be viewed in the broad context of China’s next round of reforms that centers on liberalizing the financial sector and developing the capital markets. Putting Chinese political decision making in the perspective of fragmented authoritarianism, this paper argues that with the balance of power of interest group coalitions favoring status quo or change in a deadlock, a lever is needed to break the stalemate and tip the balance toward reforms. Recognizing the need for financial reforms as China increasingly reaches the limit of its export-led growth model, political entrepreneurs at PBOC, under the personal leadership of Governor Zhou Xiaochuan and buttressed by the superior institutional resources and capacity, promoted RMB internationalization as the key lever to redistribute incentives and realign underlying coalitions. Capitalizing on favorable changes at the party’s top taking place post the power transition, which brought about a degree of centralization of the financial policy decision making that wasn’t available previously, Zhou Xiaochuan and his fellow political entrepreneurs were able to push forward RMB internationalization more effectively that both exposed the need for further financial sector reforms and generated broader support to tip the balance of power toward reforms.Arts, Faculty of
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