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1
Gibson, James B. "Three Essays on Fiscal Stress and Financial Stability in State Government Finance." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/4.
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State government finance is a substantial endeavor in the United States. The management of a multitude of revenues and expenditures often involves some level of fiscal stress. In an age of increased public scrutiny, policymakers must be mindful of possible causes of fiscal stress, and the policy options available to mitigate fiscal stress and increase financial stability. This dissertation contains three essays that examine different elements of fiscal stress, and in some cases, the applicable policy responses.
Chapter two examines rainy day funds and their countercyclical goal of reducing recessionary fiscal stress. This essay takes a different approach from much of the literature, by using forecast residuals to quantify fiscal stress as tax revenue volatility and searching for any relationship between rainy day funds and states that had greater volatility. Empirical results indicate states that experience positive residuals, that is actual tax revenues greater than the forecast trend line, had greater rainy day fund balances.
Chapter three focuses on the problem of lost revenues facing states from e-commerce. Due to Supreme Court decisions, businesses that do not have a physical location, or nexus, in a state are not required to collect sales and use taxes. To date, the policy response to lost revenue that has gained the most traction is the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. Results indicate that states with local option sales taxes and higher sales tax rates were more likely to adopt this agreement.
Chapter four scrutinizes state unemployment trust funds, which are used to fund state unemployment insurance programs. If state funds run short of money during recessions due to the larger number of individuals drawing benefits, then states must borrow from the federal government’s unemployment trust fund. This creates another liability that must be managed by state governments. Empirical findings show that several features of programs affect balances and the probability of taking a loan from the federal fund including the taxable wage base, weekly benefits, and unemployment tax rates. This dissertation concludes by summarizing the results and exploring future research possibilities on the three essay topics.
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Cho, Hye Jee. "Partisan politics and credibility in government bond markets what political institutions help leftist governments build policy credibility? /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692119671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574067.
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Patel, Hitesh. "British government policy of the 1960s and the development of the Euro-Dollar market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251070.
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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold, and 鄭卓生. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574067.
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Greer, Robert. "THREE ESSAYS ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/6.
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The local government tax-exempt debt market is a growing, and complex, sector of public finance. As local governments turn to debt financing the factors that contribute to interest costs of that debt have become important considerations for local government officials and politicians. Governance at the local level involves a network of overlapping governments some of which share a tax base. This system of overlapping governments that share a tax base are subject to externalities that arise from taxation, expenditures, and debt. These externalities are usually analyzed in terms of tax or expenditure reactions, but there are implications for local government debt as well. For example, it can be shown that overlapping governments that share a tax base and issue debt can increase the interest costs paid on bonds by a higher level government. Further complicating the debt situation of local governments is the prevalence of a variety of special districts with the authority to issue tax-exempt debt. These special districts may have the authority to issue debt, but little is known about their financing processes. By comparing how different types of government approach the credit rating process this dissertation compares risk assessment of traditional municipalities and special districts. Through this comparison similarities and differences in the credit rating process across types of local governments can be identified. To explore these issues of local government debt several advanced econometric techniques are used to estimate various models.
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Butler, Lathania W. "Local Government Policy Agendas, Budgets, and the Impact of Focusing Events." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503103689112142.
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Gotkin, Ronald. "Fiscal and regulatory state policy for private schools in South Africa : (a policy options analysis)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15991.
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Includes bibliographies.This paper explores possible future policy options for a democratically elected South African government as regards private schools. The paper establishes the context of contemporary and historical state policy for private schools in South Africa in combination with a comparative international perspective, a summary of arguments in the literature for and against private schools, and principles identified by a recent (non-governmental) policy investigation into education in South Africa (NEPI) as encapsulating the demands of the democratic movement concerning education. These principles therefore serve as evaluative criteria for the examination of future fiscal and regulatory policy for private schools in South Africa. It will be shown that, as compared to many countries, private schools in South Africa are moderately regulated and receive only moderate financial assistance. However, the historical (and current social and political) context of state policy for private schools will be shown to be one of increasing state support since the early 1980s. It will be argued that this increased level of ideological and fiscal support for private schools in the past decade is a consequence of the government's reformist strategy, and its identification with the politics of 'New Right' parties, which dominated Britain and the USA in particular during the 1980s. It will also be demonstrated that changes in state policy have resulted in large-scale growth in the private schooling sector over the past decade. It is against this background that the lens of democratic principles and fiscal implications will be used to focus on possible future policies for private schooling in South Africa.
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Gaunt, Clive Nolan. "A finance analysis of taxicab industry regulation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Koekemoer, Jonathan. "Government debt levels and the systemic risks associated with post-crisis fiscal policies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004168.
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The study analyses the concepts of intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability in South Africa. The question raised is whether or not South Africa can adopt stimulatory fiscal measures, with a simultaneous increase in debt, so as to improve long-term growth potential in a sustainable manner without creating an excessive burden on future generations. The debate surrounding the use of stimulatory fiscal policy has come to the fore once again as monetary policy has become a restricted and ineffective macroeconomic policy tool in certain countries after the world-wide financial crisis and the Euro-debt crisis. Fiscal sustainability risks and high debt levels remain a source of concern in the United States and the Euro-zone, while South Africa presently seems to be at no great risk. With South Africa’s intention to become a developmental state, the use and appropriateness of fiscal policy is considered. An overlapping-generations model is used to determine whether or not future generations will be burdened due to current stimulatory policy. The use of fiscal rules in South Africa is discussed and considered in light of various political incentives and constraints. The conclusion given is that the possible use of a procedural fiscal rule, such as the ‘golden rule’, may add credibility to the current regime, while a numerical fiscal rule is seen as unnecessary given South Africa’s responsible use of fiscal policy thus far. As it stands, there is little possibility or risk that the public debt in South Africa will become too high in the near future. Although South Africa has been affected by the crisis, the developmental nature of the economy has been sustained through the use of responsible discretionary fiscal policy, putting South Africa in a positive position to meet its long-run growth potential.
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Cramsie, John R. "Crown finance and governance under James I : projects and fiscal policy, 1603-1625." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14268.
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This thesis is a fundamental reassessment of Jacobean crown finance and its importance in the early-modern English polity. The concurrent focuses are the Jacobean conceptualization of crown finance in terms of projects and the analysis of fiscal policy. Fiscal policy was dominated by attempts to balance the consumptive demands of the patronage culture with the fiscal needs of meeting the state's responsibilities of governance. The introduction describes the origins of projects and their relationship to the Jacobean patronage culture; it also discusses the importance of fiscal policy as a jumping-off point for a reassessment of the Jacobean polity. The structures of policymaking are examined in Chapter 1 with special emphasis on the process of counsel and the central role of James I in the responsibilities of governance. The conceptualization of crown finance in terms of entrepreneurial-like projects is fully explored in chapter 2 as is the importance of the doctrine of necessity in fiscal policy. Chapter 3 examines the nature of projects using a case-study of fishing fleet initiatives. The most significant challenge to the project basis of finance occurred in the parliament of 1621; the consequences of these events, long misunderstood as an attack on monopolies, are re-examined in Chapter 4. Origins of opposition to projects in popular culture, among James' ministers, and in parliament preface this chapter. The three chapters making up section II of the thesis seek to rehabilitate fiscal policy with a focus on policymaking and governance. Robert Cecil's project for fiscal refoundation would have established a precedent of public taxation to support the crown. Its collapse is subjected to a reinterpretation in Chapter 5 which challenges Revisionist orthodoxy on Jacobean parliamentary politics and political philosophy. Chapter 6 examines a number of attempts through conciliar policymaking (1611-1617) to meet ongoing financial challenges which ultimately influenced fiscal policy for the rest of James' reign. The concluding chapter recreates Lionel Cranfield's formulation and application of the abstract ideal of the public good in fiscal policy. Cranfield represents the sharpest Jacobean example of a minister seeking to balance the demands of serving the king and the state in their own rights; and the challenges of so doing. The conclusion places the thesis into a wider perspective of early- modern governance and our understanding of the Jacobean polity.
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Hughes, Leah R. "The Rogers Case: Examining Kentucky's Democratic Deconstruction through Prison Expansion and Campaign Finance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/519.
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This investigation into the rapid expansion of prison construction and mass incarceration in Eastern Kentucky under the leadership of Congressman and House Appropriations Committee Chairman Hal Rogers aims to determine why this policy has continued to be a viable political strategy for Rogers despite its apparent failure to advance social and economic development in the region. This analysis suggests that the Rogers Case can be used as a case study to greater understand the proliferation of political power available to elected officials in ANY district where the democratic incentive structure encourages politicians to represent the interests of private corporations and industries instead of constituents as long as they can count on their campaign contributions and the protection of their incumbencies.
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PETRICEK, Matic. "Essays on bank behaviour and financial regulation." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/60671.
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Defence date: 18 January 2019Examining Board: Prof. Juan Dolado, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Supervisor; Prof. Árpád Ábrahám, EUI; Prof. Tobias Berg, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management; Prof. Enrico Sette, Bank of Italy.
This thesis studies bank behaviour in response to financial regulation and monetary policy. In the first chapter a novel approach to address issues of endogeneity in estimating a causal effect of leverage on risk taking by banks is used. By using data on local bank office deposits and local unemployment an instrument is constructed to use in a regression of leverage on a measure of risk taking constructed from new issuance of loans. The results are consistent with a theoretical prediction that due to limited liability banks increase their risk taking after an exogenous increase in leverage. The second chapter estimates the effect of deposit insurance on the risk-taking behaviour of banks. As shown in the theoretical literature, deposit insurance may induce moral hazard and incentivise banks to take on more risk. This chapter provides an experimental setup in which an increase in the coverage limit of deposit insurance in the U.S. is exploited in order to identify the difference in risk taking by banks that were affected and banks that were not. This difference comes from the fact that state chartered savings banks in Massachusetts had unlimited deposit insurance coverage at the time when it was increased for all other banks in the US. Given that all banks in the sample are subject to the same regulatory and supervisory requirements, and that they are similar in other characteristics, the effect of such increase in deposit insurance can be isolated. The findings suggest that, contrary to the literature, an increase in deposit insurance did not increase bank risk-taking, nor did it affect market discipline, evident through a lack of effect on deposit rates. Motivated by substantial differences in employment dynamics across different geographical areas and substantial differences across banks which operate in these geographical areas, the third chapter estimates the effect of characteristics of banks operating in a particular location on the impact of monetary policy on the local economic outcomes. The results suggest that the effect of monetary policy on local employment and local total payroll intensifies as the capital structure of local banks improves and the credit risk associated with local banks decreases. These findings go in line with a prediction that healthy banks find it easier to attain alternative sources of funding following a monetary tightening. The results also show that size and liquidity position of local banks does not affect the impact of monetary policy.
--1 Bank Funding and Risk Taking (Chapter 1: co-authored Alessandro Ferrari, Carmen García Galindo and Andreas Winkler) --2 Deposit Insurance and Bank Risk Taking (Chapter 2: co-authored Carolina López-Quiles) --3 Local Effects of Monetary Policy
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Street, Sarah. "Financial and political aspects of state intervention in the British film industry, 1925-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aeedf404-aa82-4a7e-a1b7-feb626ffff81.
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During this period the state's interest in the film industry took several different forms. The area of films policy explored in this thesis is the economic protection of the commercial film industry against the high percentage of American films screened in Britain and the Empire. I begin in 1925 because it was not until then that active steps were taken by the government, in response to agitation from producers and those who saw film as a bond of Empire and advertisement for British goods and 'way of life', leading to the Cinematograph Films Act, 1927. This proposed, for political, cultural, moral and economic reasons, that renters and exhibitors should acquire and show a percentage of British films. There was no subsidy for producers or a heavy duty levied on American film imports. The origins, impact and character of official film policy are explored in the thesis with particular attention to financial and political aspects. An attempt is made to explain why policy was limited to film quotas together with an assessment of their impact on the industry's economic development. Details are also given on how the film industry's affairs became caught up in wider debates on tariff policy in the 1920s and in Anglo-American relations ten years later. The first three chapters deal with the evolution, promulgation and initial impact of the Cinematograph Films Act, 1927. Chapter 4 examines the deliberations of the Moyne Committee, established in 1936 to review the film industry's progress. The last three chapters analyse the three major influences on policy during the making of the 1938 Films Act: the campaigns of British film trade interests; the state of Anglo-American relations and film finance. In the final assessment the major influences that shaped policy are outlined together with conclusions on the industry's position and problems on the eve of the Second World War.
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Ndaleni, Phumla. "Enhancing financial accountability in the acquisition of goods and services : the case of the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Safety and Liaison." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020657.
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Supply Chain Management is an aspect of the procurement process which focuses on addressing the needs of both the service provider and the end user. It has a constitutional status which enables it to contribute towards addressing past discriminatory practices. It assists in correcting the imbalances of the past in the procurement of goods and services for government. Section 217(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) specifies that procurement must be fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost effective. Accountability is the most critical element in improving financial management in the public sector. The objective of the study was to highlight the need for accountability in Public Finance Management. Additionally, it was intended to assess the respective roles of the various processes involved in the acquisition of goods and services with the goal of enhancing accountability in the Eastern Cape Department of Safety and Liaison in Bhisho. The study was conducted at the Head Office of the Supply Chain Management Section and the district offices with officials who are responsible for the procurement of goods and services. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a survey was conducted using the qualitative method to ensure greater understanding and reliability. Convenience sampling was applied as it allowed the researcher to select the sample that was convenient. Moreover, it made it easier to reach the available participants. Data was gathered by means of face-to-face interviews for the Head Office respondents and telephonic interviews for the respondents of the district offices. The study concluded with recommendations emanating from the research findings that are meant to assist in improving accountability in Supply Chain Management within the Eastern Cape Department of Safety and Liaison.
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Yeung, Chi-yuen, and 楊志遠. "Government funding for entrepreneurs in Tung Chee-hwa'sadministration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50257857.
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Aponsu, Goniya Malamage Indrajith. "The effects and constraints of state influenced finance sector development in the process of industrialization and economic growth : the experience of Sri Lanka /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21254011.
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Arnett, Sarah B. "Fiscal Stress in the U.S. States: An Analysis of Measures and Responses." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/38.
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Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
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Olorunshola, Yemisi Christianah. "Small Business Sustainability Strategies in the Maritime Industry in Lagos, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6933.
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Small business enterprises (SBEs) are major contributors to national job creation and employment, but small businesses face a myriad of challenges which lead to their failure before 5 years of operation. Some small business owners lack the skills to create strategies that will lead to long term business survival. Porter's 5 forces competition was used as the conceptual framework for this multiple case study. The purpose of the study was to explore the strategies Nigerian SBEs use to sustain their first 5 years of operation. Semistructured interviews served to collect data from the chief executive officers of 2 SBEs in the maritime industry in Lagos, Nigeria. Data analysis entailed the use of qualitative analysis to capture and organize data and identify emerging themes. Some emerging themes included the securing of the necessary finances, the ability to respond to the effects of government policy, and providing excellent customer service. The implications of this study for social change include the mitigation of the negative effects of business failure on the people of the host community. Small business owners and leaders, partners of small business owners, and policymakers might benefit from this research by deploying the findings to appropriate business domains.
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Alharbi, Abdulrahman. "Dividend Policy in a Frontier Market and Sector Equity Traded Funds in the United States." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2371.
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In chapter 1, we examine the nature and scale of the relationship between returns on sector Equity Traded Funds (ETFs) and their volatility. We discuss the source and direction of the effect between returns and risk and whether behavioral biases are prominent among sector ETFs. The study has implications for financial sector practitioners and investors, as it provides more information about the risk in sector ETF and whether that risk differs from that of other investment instruments. To this end, we test three hypotheses based on the relevant literature on volatility and returns: the leverage effect hypothesis, feedback hypothesis, and behavioral biases in assets pricing. We employ two measures of volatility in this chapter; specifically, we use the GARCH (1, 1) model and the Range-based autoregressive model.
Chapter 2 presents an examination of the factors that affect payout policy in a frontier market. MSCI classifies the Saudi stock exchange as a large frontier market and proposes to be reclassified as an emerging market by next year. The Saudi market is characterized by the high governmental influence and dominance of individual traders on daily transactions. By studying the 12-year panel data, we assess the effect government, board characteristics, social norms and major shareholder on Saudi firms’ decision to distribute dividends. The government presence and investor taste, especially for Islamic-compliant firms, are discussed. This chapter provides valuable information for investors and practitioners by identifying the factors that should be considered when making finance and investment decisions in frontier markets.
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樊穎欣 and Wing-yan Fan. "Hong Kong social service non-government organizations under new publicmanagement reform: assessing the change andimpact of the lump sum grant policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41013736.
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LaBarge, Andrea L. "Hawaii government's role in Japanese ownership of Hawaii hotels, 1970-1990." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765044491&SrchMode=1&sid=8&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208551486&clientId=23440.
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Zimbwa, Allan Golden. "Securitisation and its application to low cost housing finance in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002746.
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Section 26 of the Constitution of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 provides that housing is a basic human right and that the government must take reasonable legislative and other measures to achieve the realisation of this right. A number of measures were taken to try to resolve this socio-economic issue. A number of housing institutions were established , various pieces of legislation were passed and housing subsidies were provided. However, housing backlogs remain a challenge. In March 1994 the housing backlog was estimated between 1,3 and 1,8 million units. When more than a million houses were provided by 2001 , the housing backlog had increased to between 2 and 3 million houses. To date subsidies in excess of R29 billion have been spent on housing provision. A study by the Department of Housing concluded that, at the current rate of increase of housing funding vis-a-vis the growing backlog and rapid urbanisation, the household backlog will not be changed in ten years' time. The United States of America (USA) had a similar low cost housing problem, but securitisation alleviated it with the participation of government agencies Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac. In South Africa, the NHFC tried to emulate the USA model by establishing Gateway Home Loans (Pty) Limited (Gateway) in 1999. Gateway, however, was not a success. This research investigates whether securitisation can be applied in South Africa to alleviate the low cost housing issue. The study finds that there is a credit availability gap for the low income sector earning less than R8 000 per month because of the perceived risk of default and unwillingness by banks to lend to this sector. The increase in housing backlog that continues unabated, inadequate housing finance system to low income earners, the lessons learnt from the failure of Gateway, the success factors of the USA securitisation model and the sound and sophisticated South African financial system are the rationale for applying securitisation. A proposal of how to effectively apply securitisation to low cost housing in South Africa is provided with recommendations to revive the primary market.
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Fletcher-Gordon, Lynda. "Privatization and gaming : the impact upon the non-profit social service sector." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26117.
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The demise of Keynesianism and the advent of monetarism has had a profound impact on the Canadian 'welfare state'. In British Columbia, as in other provinces, monetarist policies have included a 'down-sizing' of government, and a resurrection of a strategy of privatization in the social service sector. In some instances, privatization has meant abandonment; that is, the government has both shed its responsibility for providing many public sector social services and either reduced or eliminated funds which were directed into the non-profit sector through the system of 'contracting-out'.
With the loss of revenue, many non-profit social service agencies have been forced to seek alternative sources of funding. The contents of newspaper stories and other articles indicated that some had turned to gaming in order to raise funds. Therefore, recent developments in the gaming industry in British Columbia were explored in order to provide some insight into their relevance for, and impact on, the non-profit social service sector. In addition, a survey was undertaken in order to determine the impact of these developments on a sample of non-profit social service agencies in the Greater Vancouver area. The results indicate that certain trends are emerging across the non-profit sector. Agencies reported an increased demand for services and, for some, the proceeds from either bingos or casinos have been crucial in both maintaining current levels of services and providing other benefits. The implications of this development are explored; for example, in some agencies, fund-raising has reduced the staff hours spent in direct service while otherwise increasing workloads; some agencies are becoming more 'entrepreneurial' in order to provide necessary social services; and, it may be that certain client groups are paying for their own social service programs.
While non-profit social service agencies are turning to gaming in order to provide programs and services which the government will no longer support, the government's public statements regarding the future of the gaming industry, and its actions in this area, have been ambiguous. On the one hand, policy-makers have made public statements to the effect that there will be no extension of legalized gambling beyond that which is provided by non-profit groups. On the other hand, the government is moving to increase its gaming revenues through direct means, such as establishing casinos, and indirect means, such as increasing licence fees levied on non-profit organizations wishing to conduct gaming events.
It is contended that neither privatization nor gambling are 'immoral'. However, what is perhaps problematic is the recent marriage of the two phenomena. By reducing direct services, as well as curtailing funding to the non-profit sector, the government has restrained its expenditures. When non-profit organizations turn to gaming, they become a source of revenue for the government while simultaneously providing the vital social services which the government has abandoned.Arts, Faculty of
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Man, Ngar-man Carmen, and 萬雅雯. "A review on the education voucher system for pre-primary school in HK." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3865264X.
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Arnett, Sarah. "Fiscal stress in the U.S. states: an analysis of measures and responses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42860.
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Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state responses. Many of these studies use different definitions and measures of fiscal stress compounding the difficulty of comparing fiscal stress findings. The present research effort adds to the fiscal stress literature by (1) clarifying the meaning of fiscal stress in the state context, (2) developing a measure of fiscal stress that operationalizes this meaning and is comparable across units, and 3) using this measure analyzes patterns in and the effectiveness of state responses. Fiscal stress is measured using four indexes: budget, cash, long-run, service-level. Eleven financial indicators, calculated using data from state Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs), are used to create these indexes for all fifty states for the years 2002-2009. Descriptive analysis compares state fiscal stress levels (grouped into low, moderate, and high fiscal stress by cluster analysis) to state economic growth rates, state responses, and institutional factors yielding several findings. First, states do not use an incremental or punctuated equilibrium strategy in responding to fiscal stress; nor do their responses follow the pattern predicted by Cutback Management theory. Second, institutional factors affect both the levels of fiscal stress and state responses to fiscal stress. Regression analysis supports and extends these findings. First, short-term responses of expenditure cuts, tax increases, and rainy day fund use do not affect state fiscal stress levels. Second, these responses have long-term effects on fiscal stress levels. A major implication of this research is that there is very little states can do in the short-term to reduce fiscal stress. However, by balancing expenditures and revenues states can set themselves up to weather the next economic downturn with lower levels of fiscal stress.
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Ekwem, Ijeoma. "Small and medium scale enterprises development in Nigeria : constraints and policy options." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21647.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.This study was undertaken to find out how the SME sector in Nigeria has developed over time and to what extent it has performed its critical role of driving the country’s industrial transformation and development as it has done in other developed countries. This study has explained in detail, the development of SMEs in Nigeria and identified the economic potential of SMEs, their major problems, challenges and constraints, which have hindered them from playing the vital role in the Nigerian economic growth and development as well as made appropriate recommendations for redressing, reducing and/or eliminating them so that they could occupy their pride of place in the Nigerian economy. It also considered the various programmes implemented by various governments, to support and promote SMEs’ growth and development as well as the roles played by the government and the financial institutions towards promoting the development and growth of SMEs in Nigeria. The study employed primary date via questionnaires which were administered to the sampled financial institutions and SMEs’ operators, and the emanating data was analysed using simple percentages, charts and mean ranking. The Chi-square analytical technique was employed and the empirical analysis indicates that there has not been any significant contribution of government support towards developing SMEs, and also that there is a relationship between the sizes of SMEs and their modes of financing. The study determined, among others, that with the exclusion of lack of finance, the major constraints or challenges of SMEs ranked in descending order are inadequate managerial/board expertise, poor infrastructural facilities, inconsistencies in government policies, lack of financial records, multiple taxes and levies, etc. It also determined that lack of finance is a function of multiple problems and that the major sources of credit available for the financing SMEs in Nigeria are personal savings, family/friend support and commercial banks. The study recommended, among others, SME partnership and equity participation by financiers, loan guarantees, interest rate concession, fiscal incentives, and adequate training for SMEs as the factors that will drive the rapid transformations and development of the SME sector in Nigeria.
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Okumu, Ibrahim Mike. "Essays on governance, public finance, and economic development." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5282.
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This thesis is composed of three distinct but related essays. The first essay studies the role of the size of the economy in mitigating the impact of public sector corruption on economic development. The analysis is based on a dynamic general equilibrium model in which growth occurs endogenously through the invention and manufacture of new intermediate goods that are used in the production of output. Potential innovators decide to enter the market considering the fraction of future profits that may be lost to corruption. We find that depending on the number of times bribes are demanded, the size of the economy may be an important factor in determining the effects of corruption on innovation and economic growth. The second essay presents an occupational choice model in which a household can choose either formal or informal entrepreneurship or at the subsistence livelihood. Credit market constraints and initial wealth conditions (bequest) determine an agent's occupational choice. Corruption arises when bureaucrats exchange investment permits for bribes. Corruption worsens credit market constraints. Equilibrium with corruption is characterised by an increase (decrease) in informal (formal) entrepreneurship and a decrease in formal entrepreneurship wealth. Since corruption-induced credit constrained households choose informal entrepreneurship as opposed to subsistence livelihood income in the formal sector, the informal economy is shown to mitigate the extent of income inequality. The third essay explains the role of bureaucratic corruption in undermining public service delivery, public finance, and economic development through incentivising tax evasion. The analysis is based on a dynamic general equilibrium model in which a taxable household observes the quality of public services and decides whether or not to fulfil his tax obligation. Bureaucratic corruption compromises the quality of public services such that a taxable household develops incentives to evade tax payment. We show that corruption-induced tax evasion increases the likelihood of a budget deficit, renders tax payable increase counter-productive, and aggravates the negative effect of bureaucratic corruption on economic development.
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Chong, Chun-sang, and 莊春生. "Structural change and inflation in Hong Kong: the relevance of labor importation to inflation control policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433241.
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Emler, Jay Scott. "How to fund homeland security without federal dollars : state and local funding of homeland security initiatives in light of decreased support by the federal government /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FEmler.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available in print.
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Kagundu, Paul. "The Quality of Governance, Composition of Public Expenditures, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07192006-184035/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee chair; James R. Alm, Roy W. Bahl, Mary Beth Walker, Neven T. Valev, Martin F. Grace, committee members. Electronic text (150 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewedAug. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148).
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Pupa, Ayanda Terence. "The financed inked individual subsidy programme for housing: the Walmer link example." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4620.
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The study of the Walmer Links Finance Linked Individual Subsidy (FLISP) is the response to the housing backlogs that have been experienced by the Port Elizabeth area. The ownership programme is the first of its kind in the area and has been met with scepticism, revolt and acceptance as the neighbouring township of Walmer and the nearby suburbs had mixed feelings about the project. The overall feeling and experience of the new FLISP owners far exceeds the scepticism around the project. The project also brought racial integration and improved the quality of life for the poor. It also seems as though the success of the project will be the determinant factor of whether it can rolled out to other provinces as an approach to development and poverty alleviation.
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Mbalekwa, Simbarashe. "The legal and regulatory aspects of international remittances within the SADC region." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1373.
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Migrant labourers who cross borders often have to send money back to their various countries of origin. These monetary transfers are known as remittances. To send these funds migrants often opt to rely on informal mechanisms as opposed to the remittance services of formal financial institutions such as banks. Informal remittance mechanisms raise a number of concerns such as those related to consumer protection. In contrast to formal channels informal channels are not based on any legally binding agreements. They are highly based on trust and do not offer any legally binding guarantee that the funds will be delivered or that the remitter will be reimbursed in the event of non-delivery. Aside from consumer protection concerns, informal remittances also raise security related concerns. These channels are not subject to the supervision of any regulatory authority and usually offer a high level of anonymity. They can act as an attractive mechanism for terrorists and criminal organisations to launder and mobilise their illicit funds. Taking into mind the concerns mentioned above, as well as others, it would be preferable for more remittances to be channelled through formal financial mechanisms. In conducting research on remittance transactions financial, as well as other institutions and organisations, have outlined legal and regulatory provisions in sending and recipient countries as being a factor that often hinders migrants from accessing formal financial services. This dissertation examines how the South African legal and regulatory framework affects the formalisation of remittances by migrant labourers, with a focus on the context of low-income migrants. The study identifies the Exchange control, immigration, anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism legislative provisions as being the most significant provisions that affect the formalisation of migrant remittances. So as to make an analysis and gather recommendations were possible, a comparison of the South African legal and regulatory provisions is made to those of Zambia and Zimbabwe. xiii The dissertation comes to the conclusion that South African legal and regulatory provisions hinder the formalisation of migrant remittances to a certain extent. They do so by collectively and individually restricting migrants who do not fulfil legislative requisites from accessing formal remittance channels. It is submitted that such migrants are inclined to rely on informal remittance mechanisms when the need to send money arises. Furthermore, South African law restricts competition within the remittance market by making it difficult for service providers to enter the market. The lack of an adequate competitive level fosters the prevalence of high remittance costs which can pose a significant barrier to low income migrants that wish to channel funds via formal means. Taking into mind the significance of formalising remittances as well as the objectives that the laws that hinder them seek to attain, which are equally significant, it is necessary for the regulatory authorities to investigate ways on how to possibly cater for both. It is submitted that if more remittances were to be channelled through official means the objectives sought to be attained by some of these legislative provisions would be attained more efficiently.
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Ahmad, Zaluki Nurwati Ashikkin. "The performance of Malaysian initial public offerings and earnings management." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/857.
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An initial public offering (IPO) of equity provides a significant source of finance for Malaysian companies. Due to the existence of inequalities of wealth within Malaysian society as a result of its colonial heritage, the government has used IPOs to redistribute wealth among ethnic groups with the main objective being to increase the involvement of the Bumiputera (local indigenous people) in the corporate sector. This thesis consists of three inter-related studies on Malaysian IPOs that were listed on the Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) during the period 1990 to 2000. In particular, this study investigates post-IPO performance using alternative performance approaches (market-based and accounting-based) and the earnings management explanation for observed performance. The results from the first study indicate that Malaysian IPOs significantly overperform their benchmarks when performance is measured using both equally-weighted cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHARs), except when matched companies are used as the benchmark. However, this significant overperformance disappears when returns are calculated on a value-weighted basis and also when Fama-French (1993) three-factor regressions are employed. Cross-sectional analysis reveals differential performance related to year of listing, issue proceeds and initial returns. The results from the second study using accounting-based measures provide strong evidence of declining operating performance in the IPO year and up to three years following an IPO. The year-to-year analysis reveals that the declining performance is greatest in the year immediately following the IPO. The deterioration in performance is more pronounced when accrual-based operating performance measures are used. The difference in the results using accrual-based and cash flow-based approaches suggests the existence of earnings manipulation by the IPO manager. The investigation of the possible sources of operating performance changes suggests that post-IPO declines in asset turnover parially explain the poorer operating performance. Univariate analysis of the association between family relationships, retained ownership and post-IPO operating performance produces little evidence to explain the deterioration in operating performance. However, underpricing partially explains the deterioration when the cash flow-based performance measure is used. The results from the third study reveal that Malaysian IPO companies employ income-increasing strategies around offerings, and that these strategies were more prevalent during the East Asian crisis period, especially for those companies that provided a profit guarantee. Analysis of the assöciation between the magnitude of earnings management in the IPO year and post-IPO performance provides some evidence to support the view that aggressive earnings management at the time of an IPO subsequently leads to poor stock market and operating performance. Overall, the evidence in this thesis supports the consensus that has emerged from the international debate on studies involving long horizon returns, which suggests that the magnitude of long run performance depends on the method employed to measure performance. The evidence derived from the accounting-based measure of operating performance supports the existing international evidence that operating performance declines following IPOs. The results also provide a degree of support for the earnings management explanation of post-IPO performance. These findings have implications for investors, security analysts, companies and accounting standard setters.
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Alsaid, Loai Ali Zeenalabden Ali. "Institutional dynamics of cost management change : a case study from Egypt." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227567.
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This thesis provides an empirical case study as to whether, and, how the macro political dynamics might lead to the micro organisational changes of cost management practices in public sector organisations. It draws on Dillard et al.'s (2004) version of institutional theory complemented by Burns and Scapens' (2000) model. Empirical data for the thesis came from an extended case study (Burawoy, 1998) of a state-owned enterprise in the Egyptian Electricity and Energy (E&E) Sector, in which semi-structured interviews, field observations and documentary analysis were deployed as the data collection methods. The thesis highlights the necessity of seeing cost management change, especially in the politically sensitive public utilities in less developed countries, as an institutional political change that brings together the wider political objectives of the state and the narrower economic objectives of the firms. Accordingly, it provides a political theorisation for cost management change in the public sector. There, the dynamics are the fact that the E&E costs in the Egyptian business environment are historically managed at three distinct but interrelated institutional levels: political level, field level, and organisational level. For example, with the failure of re-privatisation attempts, new forms of periodic control reports have emerged including a 'cost report' which has been instrumental in changing managerial actions and behaviours. With modernisation programmes accompanied by reprivatisation attempts, initiated by the Egyptian government and supported by the international development agencies such as the World Bank and the European Union, advanced ERP technologies have been brought in to institutionalise costing rules and routines. With ERP, the organisational management under what are effectively military practices has re-defined cost management processes into a single procedural protocol.
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Brown, Clive Jimmy William. "Teachers’ and parents’ experiences regarding the no-fee policy in a historically disadvantaged school." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2531.
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Thesis (MEd)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Many schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa have opted to change from a fee-paying school to that of no-fee paying school, due to the small or no income of funding received annually from learners from poor economic backgrounds. The study aimed to investigate whether this school fee system was able to successfully address barriers which the previous system was unable to, and for this reason I addressed the stakeholders who are involved in the implementation of this no-fee school policy. This study aimed to explore the experiences of teachers and parents at the no-fee school well after its transition from feepaying. In summary, the study examined whether the no-fee allocated funds per learner were able to improve the school performance indicators (school facilities, resources, teacher complement, pass rates, infrastructure, etc.), since the change took place. The study applied a qualitative case study methodology to realize its purpose. I used purposeful sampling to select one newly declared no-fee school. From this school, one principal, six teachers and four sets of parents were interviewed on their experiences regarding this policy. Semi-structured interviews and observation with document analysis were triangulated to collect and enrich the data. The study revealed that this no-fee school was able to address the needs of the poor in the Lotus River historically disadvantaged community.
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Barlow, John Robert. "Central-local government relations : the role of finance in influencing local policy-making in education and housing in England, with special reference to the period 1974-1982." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360510.
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Mbedzi, Khaukanani Percival. "The role of government agencies in promoting SMME's in Limpopo : a critical assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8541.
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Thesis (MDF)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.In 2003, the then president of the Republic of South Africa, Mr Thabo Mbeki, alluded to the dual nature of the South African economy which, on the one hand, is well developed with sound macroeconomic management, while, on the other hand, it has characteristics of an underdeveloped Third World economy. The province of Limpopo is no exception to this anomalous economic phenomenon. It can be argued that, due to its preponderant rural character, the dual economy phenomenon is more pronounced in Limpopo than in other parts of the country. According to the government’s Integrated Strategy on the Promotion of Entrepreneurship and Small Enterprises, “the promotion of entrepreneurship and small businesses remains an important priority of the government of South Africa” (Department of Trade and Industry, 2005: 3). In line with this strategy, the government has committed itself to ensuring that small businesses increase their contribution to economic growth and job creation. To realise this goal, the government has taken measures to ensure that small business development becomes a key policy focus. In South Africa, the importance of developing small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) becomes even more critical for the achievement of social stability by creating jobs to solve the high unemployment rate. Apart from their contribution to job creation and economic growth, SMMEs can play a significant role in the economy of the country by introducing new innovative products and services, thereby improving the quality of life of the people. The challenge facing the province of Limpopo and indeed South Africa as a whole is how to effectively mobilise small enterprise support agencies to help in developing sustainable SMMEs that can contribute meaningfully to economic growth and development. The provincial government looks upon the support agencies to implement its SMME support strategy. This study provides a critical review of all the relevant institutions, agencies and programmes – operational at national, provincial, district and local level – which try to address support needs of small, medium and micro-enterprises. Many of these efforts are effective and reach significant numbers of small enterprises, yet many of the initiatives fail or remain ineffective. In many areas local staff is too limited to implement programmes or just to effectively publicise available support programmes. In a brief comparative section, we try to show that South Africa’s problems with inadequate SMMEsupport are far from unique. We are part of worldwide concern about practical steps to expand, strengthen and streamline SMME-support – and Limpopo is part of that challenge.
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Kim, Saerim. "THREE ESSAYS ON FINANCIAL COLLABORATION IN THE GOVERNMENT AND NONPROFIT SECTORS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/25.
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The primary objective of this dissertation is to study the management of public and nonprofit resources and financial risk. Governments will be able to use its findings to continue to provide public services in collaboration with other sectors, including the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit financial self-sufficiency and sub-award grant mechanisms between the government and nonprofit sectors are two primary areas to be examined. This dissertation consists of three essays. The first investigates how the diversification of nonprofit revenue portfolios influences extreme revenue risks; the results show that the chance of extreme revenue loss increases when revenue sources are highly correlated to each other. The second essay examines the impact of strenuous state fiscal conditions on nonprofit organizations based in different U.S. states in order to report on generalizable empirical research on sub-award grant mechanisms, state and local government grants awarded to nonprofit organizations. The third essay explores the nonprofit sector’s response to economic shocks, and whether specific state characteristics intensified or mitigated the impact of the economic crisis. The findings from this dissertation can help nonprofit-sector scholars and practitioners understand different perspectives of market risk, revenue risk and portfolio development, and financial stability related to government grants.
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Rico, Anthony Heath. "Web of Ties: The Effect of Relationship Ties on Government Funding for Nonprofit Organizations." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/18.
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Chapter 1 raises the research question guiding this study. Do relationships that board members of nonprofits have to officials in other agencies affect the likelihood of acquiring grants? The objective of this study was to examine the role that relationship ties played in the nonprofit sector’s ability to receive grants.
Chapter 2 ties the research agenda to existing research. Nonprofit organizational and financial behavior was explained in terms of resource dependence. Since nonprofit organizations face uncertainty in resource allocation, the behavior of the organization and the board members change in reaction to uncertainty. The relationships that board members possess serve as social capital for the nonprofit through a series of formal and informal ties.
Chapter 3 provides a theoretical framework for measuring relationship ties as well as other variables to funding. Ties that were measured included previous work experience in government agencies, nonprofit agencies, for-profit organizations, and universities. Relationships ties also included previous appointment to a nonprofit board and membership in professional associations. Additional variables such as financial and organizational measures were considered that had an effect on funding likelihood. Expected funding then became a function of all of these variables. This framework led to the hypothesis that nonprofits with a greater number of relationship ties, controlling for appropriate variables, will receive more funds from a government agency.
Chapter 4 describes the methods used. The sample of organizations included 176 nonprofit community healthcare organizations over the span of five fiscal years. Board member names, financial and organizational data, and relationship ties were collected as they were expected to affect funding outcomes. Information on relationships was obtained from three sources: LinkedIn profiles, Who’s Who profiles, and agency websites. Financial and organizational variables were obtained from nonprofit organizations’ 990 tax forms.
Chapter 5 details the analyses and the results from the collected data. Conducted analyses included a series of multiple regressions, a probit regression, and fixed-effects and between-effects panel data regression models. The findings partially supported the hypothesis. While there were some relationship ties that were correlated to anticipated funding, the effects were small across analyses. Financial and organizational variables overshadowed the effects of relationship ties. There was evidence of mediation in that a number of variables were significant only if board members were in an organization receiving funds prior to the examined time period. Ties to other nonprofits mattered only when an agency already had funding.
Chapter 6 concludes with possible explanations, policy implications, and further directions.
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Rosado, Carla Cristina da Silva. "Descentralização de competências e actividades de enriquecimento curricular." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2776.
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Mestrado em FinançasAno após ano, e apesar das melhorias significativas observadas na última década, as comparações a nível internacional mostram que, não obstante o investimento realizado, Portugal continua a apresentar resultados insatisfatórios em termos de abandono e insucesso escolares. Neste estudo, efectua-se um diagnóstico de implementação do Programa das actividades de enriquecimento curricular a nível nacional, com base em indicadores materiais e financeiros e uma apreciação do actual modelo de financiamento. Efectua-se também, uma análise ao nível concelhio, baseada no financiamento público atribuído às actividades de enriquecimento curricular e nas condições socioeconómicas e educativas da população e dos alunos. Os resultados, sugerem que o actual modelo de financiamento não está porventura a ser orientado para aquilo em que é mais eficaz do ponto de vista do sucesso educativo. Esta análise pretende sugerir recomendações para a melhoria da sua aplicação, bem como indicar algumas orientações para investigações futuras a desenvolver nesta área.
Year after year, and despite significant improvements observed in the last decade, international comparisons show that, despite the investment, Portugal still has unsatisfactory results in terms of school failure and dropout. This study, carried out a diagnosis of extracurricular activities Program implementation, at the national level, based on material and financial indicators and an assessment of the current funding model. It also performs an analysis of county level, based on public funding allocated to extracurricular activities and socio-economic conditions and education of the population and the students. The results, suggest that the current funding model is not perhaps being driven in that it is more effective in terms of educational success. This analysis is intended to suggest recommendations for improved implementation and indicate some directions for future research to develop this area.
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Ashraf, Ali. "Empirical Examination of Quantitative Easing in Monetary Policy and Earning Management of Financial Markets and Institutions." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1605.
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In the first chapter, I analyze the impact of changes in aggregate holding in special asset purchase programs by Federal Reserve Systems (FED) as an alternate monetary policy at aggregate level. Later, to complement the analysis of monetary impact at aggregate level, I also analyze the impact of monetary actions at bank stock level with a set of 186 banks. First, for the overall sample period, expected monetary shock has positive effect on bank stock return; however, unexpected shock component has otherwise negative impact. Second, during both conventional and QE regime, monetary shocks are not significant in explaining weekly stock returns; however change in FED’s total asset holding in special programs is significant during the QE regime and such findings are more robust for the “large” banks when compared to “medium” and “small” banks.
The second chapter presents the second essay that is one of the early studies to analyze whether either the changes in accounting standard or the changes in prudential regulatory regimes may affect the bank earning management in terms of Loan Loss Provisioning (LLP) systematically. Results suggest that, in general, bank managers use LLP as a tool for earning management for income smoothing and also for capital management once LLP is allowed to be a part of Tier-I capital requirement. Both changes in prudential regulation from pro-cyclic to a dynamic regime and convergence of accounting standard from rule-based to principle-based standards have significant negative fixed effects separately and jointly once included.
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Leek, Deng Manyang. "Public financial accountability in the ministry of finance and economic planning: South Sudan, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007108.
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This research project mainly focuses on the public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning for South Sudan. According to the Public Service Regulations, the government has a duty and responsibility to deliver services to its entire people. In other words, the government exists primarily for the welfare of the people, by creating public institutions to render services delivery and developmental programmes for the communities. There are no government institutions that can function without the provision of finance resources (money). The management of the finances is one of the most important and critical tasks of the government, which requires public financial accountability from the political role-players and public officials, concerned with the use of public money (to be accountable). However the level of service delivery that citizens have to expect depends mostly on standardized public financial accountability of public money (revenue income) by the role players, and public officials in the institutions as integral part of public financial management. Any organization that manages and reports on its finances mitigates the risk of finances, builds good quality and openness into its financial and non financial analyses, monitors the sustainability of benefits and reflects sound financial accountability. Public financial accountability is a specific field that intended to as a tool use for the economy, efficient and effective administration of public money for render of service delivery to the citizens and the developmental programmes for the better live condition or general welfare of the communities. The study was motivated by the issue of public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning for both, during the interim period of six years and after independence in, 2011 for the government of South Sudan which has influenced socio- economic concern, as a result many communities in South Sudan have no access to basic services delivery. Research instruments which solicited quantitative and qualitative data were used to collect information from a sample of management officials and administrative staffs within the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning The research sought to identify the challenges faced and their causes and the ways of improving efficiency and effectiveness of public financial accountability in the ministry of finance and economic planning. The focus of public financial accountability is ranging from the stages of revenue collection, keeping/saving, treasury regulations, money transfer and budget expenditure, etc that can be achieved by transparency, financial reporting statements, control, and audit, as well as good ethical behavior for good performance in the public institutions, this is because maladministration practices of public finance have an impact in rendering of service delivery’s performance. This research focuses on the level of preparedness for accountability and financial accountability with regard to public financial management in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Particularly, it explored the laws, policies, procedures, rules and regulations governing implementation of public money, systems in place to oversee this process as well as the capacity of the role-players and public officials in this respective ministry. It further examined how finances have been used for the rendering of service delivery to the communities. In order to accomplish the objectives of this study, a literature study as well as empirical research was undertaken. For the empirical research, questionnaires as well as various types of interviews were used. For proportionate representation efficiency as well as cost effectiveness, the research used a sample of 26 respondents. These included 6 Financial Management Officers, 4 Directors General, 14 finance administrative Staffs, 1 Auditor-General, 1 Chair Person of Anti-Corruption Commission Exploratory statistics and methods were utilized to analyze the data collected so as to measure the reaction to the research questions and objectives under scrutiny. The research disclosed that the public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic planning is a new approach that facilitates changes and growth by improving the ways of control public money. The study also found that the standardized laws, policies rules and regulations, and procedures for implementation for public financial accountability have been developed, but not implemented to achieve the stated goals. Also some other important documents are not yet developed. The findings attested to recommendations that, this research will help the policy makers to reformulate the policy; help the implementers or administrators the planners or the managers of the programmes to modify or adjust the programme; to help professionals or academician including those who may research in the area or field; it will help in filling gap in that particular academic dimension or field. The study made recommendations that, the public financial accountability must be improved in the ministry of finance and economic planning, through standardized policies and structures, procedures, transparent and accountable, financial reporting statements and control pertaining to public money. There is a great need for further research in this area of public financial management. This may not be restricted to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning only but to all other state ministries where the utilization of public money has already been established.
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Gonzo, Prosper. "Central Bank policy and the exchange rate under an inflation targeting regime: a case dtudy of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015043.
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This work examined the optimality of the inclusion of the exchange rate in the reaction function of the Central Bank in an inflation targeting framework. The study attempts to answer the question whether the exchange rate should have an independent role in an open economy Taylor-type rule. To this end, a Taylor-type rule is incorporating the exchange rate is estimated by the cointegration and vector error correction modeling (VECM) using quarterly data for the period of 1995 to 2009. The empirical studies point out the importance of the exchange rates in explaining and forecasting the behaviour of the South African Reserve Bank monetary policy control variable.
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Schultz, Robert. "Perceptions of the financial sustainability of an indigent policy in a selected municipality in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2581.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The eradication of poverty is an important priority for the South African government. The Constitution makes provision for vulnerable households. Local government has to formulate policies to address the needs of the poor. Municipalities formulated and adopted Indigent Policies to ensure that poor households have access to essential basic services. This led the researcher to identify what challenges are related to the financial sustainability of the Indigent Policy in its implementation process in the City of Cape Town for the period 2003 to 2016. This study followed a qualitative research approach. Data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews. The selected participants had access to information relevant to the policy. The researcher respected the rights of participants by allowing them the freedom to withdraw at any stage of the research study, ensuring confidentiality, ensuring anonymity, ensuring fair treatment and protecting the participants from any harm and discomfort throughout the research study. The researcher holds that all the respondents are confident that the Indigent Policy is sustainable. However, should it become too expensive for the City of Cape Town, it could result in the budget being reprioritised. It is recommended that the City of Cape Town develops a beneficiary system for qualifying indigents to allow them to receive additional benefits from other facilities such as libraries, swimming pools and the MyCiTi bus services.
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McKenzie, Susan M., and n/a. "Canadian and Australian Feature Film Policy in Perspective: A Comparative Study from 1968 to 1998." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040804.142852.
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This comparative study is an investigation into the changing concerns of feature film policy in Canada and Australia from 1968 to 1998. Its purpose is to determine how similar policy initiatives have produced divergent results in two economically, culturally and socially similar nations. The inquiry's aim is to establish what financial, political and geographic variables affect the application of feature film policy. While resemblances between these nations justify the contrasting of comparable feature film policy initiatives, differences in outcomes suggest that these nations are not entirely alike. Therefore, rather than following the leads of comparable national agencies, film policy makers in Canada and Australia need to concentrate on conditions specific to their own particular situation.
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McKenzie, Susan M. "Canadian and Australian Feature Film Policy in Perspective: A Comparative Study from 1968 to 1998." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366616.
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This comparative study is an investigation into the changing concerns of feature film policy in Canada and Australia from 1968 to 1998. Its purpose is to determine how similar policy initiatives have produced divergent results in two economically, culturally and socially similar nations. The inquiry's aim is to establish what financial, political and geographic variables affect the application of feature film policy. While resemblances between these nations justify the contrasting of comparable feature film policy initiatives, differences in outcomes suggest that these nations are not entirely alike. Therefore, rather than following the leads of comparable national agencies, film policy makers in Canada and Australia need to concentrate on conditions specific to their own particular situation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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Guo, Hai. "Setting Discretionary Fiscal Policy within the Limits of Budgetary Institutions: Evidence from American State Governments." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24738.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Willoughby, Katherine; Committee Member: Eger, Robert; Committee Member: Kingsley, Gordon; Committee Member: Sjoquist, David; Committee Member: Wallace, Sally.
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Clavet, Michel. "Étude comparative des politiques publiques provinciales de santé, 1974-1993, quel est l'impact du politique sur les dépenses?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ48529.pdf.
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Nukpezah, Julius Atsu. "The Adoption, Management, and Performance of Local Government Investment Pools: A Comparative Analysis of State Practices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849621/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the factors influencing a state’s decision to adopt a local government investment pool (LGIP), the institutional arrangements used in managing them, and the effect of the institutional types on LGIP performance. The dissertation extends the policy adoption theory with insights from investment theory to demonstrate that management credibility influences the likelihood of a state’s LGIP adoption. The study finds that the quality of financial management, the quality of professional leadership, proximate state neighbors who have previously adopted an LGIP, and economic factors determine a state’s proclivity to policy adoption. The dissertation also describes the institutional arrangements used in managing LGIPs and develops typologies based on their institutional arrangements. The dissertation compares LGIPs depending on the risk aversion of their institutional arrangements. The research extends the risk-return tradeoff in investment theory to LGIP institutional arrangements. The empirical findings show that LGIP institutional arrangement that has greater risk report higher performance. The dissertation also finds that competition in the LGIP market due to multiple vendors, and periods of economic recession account for higher performance because of higher risk-taking behaviors associated with them. This dissertation promotes public funds investment laws that emphasize prudent management of government finances and guides managers of the public purse on the types of institutional choices that optimize returns with minimal risk.