Relevant bibliographies by topics / Finance – Government policy

Academic literature on the topic 'Finance – Government policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Auld, Douglas, Giancarlo Pola, George France, and Rosella Levaggi. "Developments in Local Government Finance: Theory and Policy." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 23, no. 1 (March 1997): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552152.

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Cumming, Douglas. "Government policy towards entrepreneurial finance: Innovation investment funds." Journal of Business Venturing 22, no. 2 (March 2007): 193–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.002.

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Nwakobi, Dr Paschal Chikwado, Amalachukwu Ananwude, and Chinedu Maurice Umezurike. "Fiscal Policy and Stock Market Development in an Emerging West African Economy." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i3.182.

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Purpose: This article presents a study on the effect of fiscal policy on stock market development in an emerging West African economy with an emphasis on Nigeria for the period of 1986 to 2018. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of fiscal deficit on all share index including government total expenditure on market capitalization ratio, the value of stock traded, and turnover ratio using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Methods: The Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) was the estimation technique employed in ascertaining the nature of the short-run relationship between fiscal policy and stock market development indices, whereas the effect of fiscal policy on stock market development was actualized under the granger causality analysis. Results: The result of the analysis revealed that fiscal deficit has no significant effect on all share index; government total expenditure has no significant effect on stock market capitalization ratio; government total expenditure has a significant effect on the value of stock traded ratio; government total expenditure has no significant effect on the stock market turnover ratio. Implication: Government should implement its fiscal policies to carefully accommodate the development of the stock market, as changes in fiscal policy affect the overall activities in the market and ultimately the economy.
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Wan, Qilong, Jine Qian, and Maomao Yu. "Analysis of Green Financial Policy Utility: A Policy Incentive Financial Mechanism Based on State Space Model Theory Algorithm." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5978122.

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In recent years, in the context of “double carbon” and innovation-driven synthesis, the volume of green finance has been growing year by year, and the intensity of environmental regulation has been stabilizing. As green financial technology innovation cannot be separated from the support of financial market and government policies, how to promote green financial technology innovation with green finance and environmental regulation has become a hot issue. How to control the appropriate strength of environmental regulations to promote green financial technology innovation is a matter of continuous exploration by local governments. The research of this paper is about the utility analysis of green finance policy: a policy incentive financial mechanism based on the state space model theory algorithm. Therefore, this paper introduces the theory of green finance based on the state space model algorithm and neural network model algorithm to study China’s green finance policy incentive mechanism, profoundly study the current situation of domestic green finance development, and put forward further strengthen the leading role of the government in green financial innovation. At the same time, suggestions for achieving coordinated regional development were made in terms of giving full play to the role of financial markets in promoting green technology innovation.
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Queen, Michael. "Government policy to stimulate equity finance and investor readiness." Venture Capital 4, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691060110104331.

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Wickman, Kurt, and Christopher Lingle. "‘Just’ Tax Policies for Market-Based Democracies – An Introduction to a Wicksell Constitutional Approach." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 23, no. 3 (January 2005): 113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/vhap7207.

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The conventional approach to public finance contributes to the growth in the scope of governments under liberal democracy. Orthodox analysis of tax policy utilizes a framework that aims to satisfy government revenue objectives while doing the least additional harm to the economy. An unintended consequence arises from the search for ‘optimal’ tax rates or revenue-neutrality of tax cuts that economists rely upon to ease the path to higher public-sector spending. We deem this a ‘macro’ approach that involves a top-down perspective in that it places government at the heart of the issue. An alternative approach to public finance is derived from seminal contributions by Knut Wicksell. We deem this a ‘micro’ approach to tax policy that shifts the perspective of tax policy to individual taxpayers. Applying the insights of Wicksell to public finance inquiries can contribute to halting and perhaps reversing the growth trends of governments under democracy.
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Kopańska, Agnieszka. "Partial Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government Spending Policy." e-Finanse 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2018-0017.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze how limits in revenue and spending autonomy of sub-sovereign governments influence their decisions. Revenue and spending autonomy indicators for Polish towns were established and used in analysis on school education expenditures during 2003–2016. The influence of limits on revenue autonomy on municipal spending has been extensively addressed in both theoretical and empirical literature. However, studies related to spending autonomy are rare. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that when limits exist in spending autonomy, more decentralized tasks are crowded out by regulated obligations. That is why the spending autonomy analysis is important to evaluate the equity between local units and the adequacy of local revenues to decentralized expenditures.The basic principle of local finance is that there should be an adequate relationship between the financial resources available to a local authority and the tasks it performs. However, in practice, the assessment of whether this has been achieved is very difficult. Often, only problems with the solvency of local governments indicate that we are dealing with a poorly constructed system of local finances. The expenditure autonomy indicator proposed in this article is a tool that provides a way to indicate problems with the adequacy of revenues before such anextreme situation occurs.
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Cheng, Yudan, Shanghui Jia, and Huan Meng. "Fiscal policy choices of local governments in China: Land finance or local government debt?" International Review of Economics & Finance 80 (July 2022): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.02.070.

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Van Lear, William. "A Political Economic Commentary on Government Finance and Monetary Policy." Journal of Economic Issues 36, no. 1 (March 2002): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2002.11506449.

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Žubule, Ērika. "EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE PLANNING METHODS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 25, 2018): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3332.

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The topicality of the research problem is justified by the fact that each country's sustainable development is affected by the government's policies. One of its main components is a fiscal or budgetary policy. Traditionally, it is defined as the money required for making a revenue and expenditure policy that is needed to ensure the government’s functioning, but the economic interpretation says it is the economy regulation system through taxes and government spending.In the finance theory and practice, great attention is paid to the part of expenses, saying that the most efficient budget reforms are possible in the area of government expenses. It is emphasized that the diminishing of state expenses is possible already in the process of budget planning by increasing the reliability of users of budget funds. The state`s finance practice offers several models reflecting problems in the sphere of planning budget expenses. The aim of the research – to evaluate methods of planning government budget expenses used in the state`s finance practice and identify the figures of their efficiency, their problems and suggesting possible solutions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Gibson, James B. "Three Essays on Fiscal Stress and Financial Stability in State Government Finance." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/4.

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State government finance is a substantial endeavor in the United States. The management of a multitude of revenues and expenditures often involves some level of fiscal stress. In an age of increased public scrutiny, policymakers must be mindful of possible causes of fiscal stress, and the policy options available to mitigate fiscal stress and increase financial stability. This dissertation contains three essays that examine different elements of fiscal stress, and in some cases, the applicable policy responses. Chapter two examines rainy day funds and their countercyclical goal of reducing recessionary fiscal stress. This essay takes a different approach from much of the literature, by using forecast residuals to quantify fiscal stress as tax revenue volatility and searching for any relationship between rainy day funds and states that had greater volatility. Empirical results indicate states that experience positive residuals, that is actual tax revenues greater than the forecast trend line, had greater rainy day fund balances. Chapter three focuses on the problem of lost revenues facing states from e-commerce. Due to Supreme Court decisions, businesses that do not have a physical location, or nexus, in a state are not required to collect sales and use taxes. To date, the policy response to lost revenue that has gained the most traction is the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. Results indicate that states with local option sales taxes and higher sales tax rates were more likely to adopt this agreement. Chapter four scrutinizes state unemployment trust funds, which are used to fund state unemployment insurance programs. If state funds run short of money during recessions due to the larger number of individuals drawing benefits, then states must borrow from the federal government’s unemployment trust fund. This creates another liability that must be managed by state governments. Empirical findings show that several features of programs affect balances and the probability of taking a loan from the federal fund including the taxable wage base, weekly benefits, and unemployment tax rates. This dissertation concludes by summarizing the results and exploring future research possibilities on the three essay topics.
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Cho, Hye Jee. "Partisan politics and credibility in government bond markets what political institutions help leftist governments build policy credibility? /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692119671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574067.

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Patel, Hitesh. "British government policy of the 1960s and the development of the Euro-Dollar market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251070.

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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold, and 鄭卓生. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574067.

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Greer, Robert. "THREE ESSAYS ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/6.

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The local government tax-exempt debt market is a growing, and complex, sector of public finance. As local governments turn to debt financing the factors that contribute to interest costs of that debt have become important considerations for local government officials and politicians. Governance at the local level involves a network of overlapping governments some of which share a tax base. This system of overlapping governments that share a tax base are subject to externalities that arise from taxation, expenditures, and debt. These externalities are usually analyzed in terms of tax or expenditure reactions, but there are implications for local government debt as well. For example, it can be shown that overlapping governments that share a tax base and issue debt can increase the interest costs paid on bonds by a higher level government. Further complicating the debt situation of local governments is the prevalence of a variety of special districts with the authority to issue tax-exempt debt. These special districts may have the authority to issue debt, but little is known about their financing processes. By comparing how different types of government approach the credit rating process this dissertation compares risk assessment of traditional municipalities and special districts. Through this comparison similarities and differences in the credit rating process across types of local governments can be identified. To explore these issues of local government debt several advanced econometric techniques are used to estimate various models.
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Butler, Lathania W. "Local Government Policy Agendas, Budgets, and the Impact of Focusing Events." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503103689112142.

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Gotkin, Ronald. "Fiscal and regulatory state policy for private schools in South Africa : (a policy options analysis)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15991.

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Includes bibliographies.
This paper explores possible future policy options for a democratically elected South African government as regards private schools. The paper establishes the context of contemporary and historical state policy for private schools in South Africa in combination with a comparative international perspective, a summary of arguments in the literature for and against private schools, and principles identified by a recent (non-governmental) policy investigation into education in South Africa (NEPI) as encapsulating the demands of the democratic movement concerning education. These principles therefore serve as evaluative criteria for the examination of future fiscal and regulatory policy for private schools in South Africa. It will be shown that, as compared to many countries, private schools in South Africa are moderately regulated and receive only moderate financial assistance. However, the historical (and current social and political) context of state policy for private schools will be shown to be one of increasing state support since the early 1980s. It will be argued that this increased level of ideological and fiscal support for private schools in the past decade is a consequence of the government's reformist strategy, and its identification with the politics of 'New Right' parties, which dominated Britain and the USA in particular during the 1980s. It will also be demonstrated that changes in state policy have resulted in large-scale growth in the private schooling sector over the past decade. It is against this background that the lens of democratic principles and fiscal implications will be used to focus on possible future policies for private schooling in South Africa.
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Gaunt, Clive Nolan. "A finance analysis of taxicab industry regulation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Koekemoer, Jonathan. "Government debt levels and the systemic risks associated with post-crisis fiscal policies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004168.

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The study analyses the concepts of intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability in South Africa. The question raised is whether or not South Africa can adopt stimulatory fiscal measures, with a simultaneous increase in debt, so as to improve long-term growth potential in a sustainable manner without creating an excessive burden on future generations. The debate surrounding the use of stimulatory fiscal policy has come to the fore once again as monetary policy has become a restricted and ineffective macroeconomic policy tool in certain countries after the world-wide financial crisis and the Euro-debt crisis. Fiscal sustainability risks and high debt levels remain a source of concern in the United States and the Euro-zone, while South Africa presently seems to be at no great risk. With South Africa’s intention to become a developmental state, the use and appropriateness of fiscal policy is considered. An overlapping-generations model is used to determine whether or not future generations will be burdened due to current stimulatory policy. The use of fiscal rules in South Africa is discussed and considered in light of various political incentives and constraints. The conclusion given is that the possible use of a procedural fiscal rule, such as the ‘golden rule’, may add credibility to the current regime, while a numerical fiscal rule is seen as unnecessary given South Africa’s responsible use of fiscal policy thus far. As it stands, there is little possibility or risk that the public debt in South Africa will become too high in the near future. Although South Africa has been affected by the crisis, the developmental nature of the economy has been sustained through the use of responsible discretionary fiscal policy, putting South Africa in a positive position to meet its long-run growth potential.
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Books on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Tanzania. National micro-finance policy. [Dar es Salaam]: The Ministry, 2000.

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Giancarlo, Pola, France George, and Levaggi Rosella 1962-, eds. Developments in local government finance: Theory and policy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1996.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance., ed. Canada's new government. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Finance Canada, 2006.

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Insatiable government. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Press, 2008.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance., ed. Canada's new government: [summary]. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Finance Canada, 2006.

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Public finance and public policy: Responsibilities and limitations of government. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Belli, Pedro. The comparative advantage of government: A review. Washington, DC: World Bank, Operational Core Services Network, Operational Services Team, 1997.

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Inc, Insight Information, ed. Canadian biotechnology finance. Toronto: Insight Press, 2003.

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe., ed. Housing finance: Key concepts and terms. New York: United Nations, 1998.

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Tonkiss, Fran. The 'marketisation' of urban government: Private finance and urban policy. London: Goldsmiths College, Centre for Urban and Community Research, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Smith, Robert W. "Ethics in Government Finance." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1972–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2377.

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Smith, Robert W. "Ethics in Government Finance." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2377-1.

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Tanny, Tahmina Ferdous. "Urban Local Government Finance in Bangladesh." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4361-1.

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Allers, Maarten Adriaan, and Joes Gordon de Natris. "Preventing Local Government Defaults: No-Bailout Policy and Its Alternatives." In Local Public Finance, 187–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67466-3_11.

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Tanzi, Vito. "Government Role and the Efficiency of Policy Instruments." In Public Finance in a Changing World, 51–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14336-8_3.

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Kim, Lum Sau. "Government Policy, Housing Finance, and Housing Production in Singapore." In Global Housing Markets, 421–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119200505.ch19.

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Ho, S. Ping. "Government Policy on PPP Financial Issues: Bid Compensation and Financial Renegotiation." In Policy, Finance & Management for Public-Private Partnerships, 267–300. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301427.ch15.

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Stellinga, Bart, Josta de Hoog, Arthur van Riel, and Casper de Vries. "Introduction." In Research for Policy, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70250-2_1.

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AbstractThis book is a translation and adaption of the Dutch report ‘Geld en schuld. De publieke rol van banken’, published by the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR). This report was the result of a formal request by the Dutch Minister of Finance for an advice on the functioning of the monetary system, as suggested in a motion adopted by the Dutch Parliament during a debate on money creation. In this introductory chapter, we first briefly introduce money and debt before discussing the role of trust and dynamism in the financial monetary system. The introduction ends with an overview of the book.
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Bartlett, William, Sanja Kmezić, and Katarina Đulić. "The Political Economy of Decentralisation and Local Government Finance in the Western Balkans: An Overview." In Fiscal Decentralisation, Local Government and Policy Reversals in Southeastern Europe, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96092-0_1.

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McGee, Robert W., and Yeomin Yoon. "Enhancing Efficiency of Government Budget and Fiscal Policy: Some Advice for Transition and Developing Economies." In Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies, 39–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Kuba, Ondřej, and Jan Stejskal. "The Analysis of Coalition Parties´ Election Programme Fulfillment: Czech Case Study." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.776.

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In multi-party democratic systems, where there is no absolute majority, the political parties are forced to cooperate. The cooperation is built on negotiations that result in several side effects including also concessions and compromises in the program. This analysis focused on the fulfillment of the coalition party promises in the Czech Republic, specifically on Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka´s government. The input data of the research consisted of a prepared set of testable political promises from the pre-election programs of selected political parties. The promises were compared with the contents of the coalition agreement, the government’s policy statement. It was found that coalition political parties selected by the government within the framework of coalition cooperation managed to enforce approximately 36 % of their election promises. At the program level, 24 % of promises were enforced. In areas that increase the personal budget of voters, government political parties have pushed 76 % of promises. Regardless of their cooperation, they made approx. 52 % of the election promises during the parliamentary term. The dominant party of the government was the CSSD.
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Purnomo, Budi Supriatono, and Alfira Sofia. "Analysis of Investment Policy of Local Government in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics, Business, Entrepreneurship, and Finance (ICEBEF 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icebef-18.2019.18.

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Koesdali, Sri Suwitri, Hadiyati Munawaroh, and Y. Warella. "Bureaucratic Structure Aspect in Implementation of Indonesian Finance Policy About Accrual Based Accounting in Local Government." In 2014 International Conference on Public Management (ICPM-2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-14.2014.24.

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Ünlükaplan, İlter, Volkan Yurdadoğ, and Ebru Canıkalp. "Fiscal Rules, Creative Accounting and Fiscal Transparency: An Evaluation on the Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01324.

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An anonymous idea is observed in the public finance literature that includes where fiscal rules, i.e numerical rules on the fiscal indicators, are strict and stringent, policy executives will have incentives to recourse to creative accounting implementations to overcome these numerical limits. Creative accounting is applied for demonstrating economic, especially fiscal indicators better than the originals to reach the necessary fiscal limit, even if they are primarily conducted by private firms. Many countries applied these illusory implementations to hide their reported budget deficits especially in the last global crisis period. With this manner, creative accounting violates the basic principles of governance in public finance. In this context, governments should have to establish statistical classification structure and government accounting system that aims to prevent creative accounting. With this dimension, fiscal transparency will prevent from creative accounting implementations. In this study, the relationship between fiscal rules and creative accounting on the public finance administration level will be determined and fiscal transparency suggestions that prevent these frauds in the economies will be evaluated. As a result, the practice of good governance in public finance should be implemented to provide financial transparency. In addition, the reforms about transparency in the legislation should be consider as an important proposal.
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Kusumaramdhani, Agus, Agus Supriyadi, Ahmad Abror, Atyanto Mahatmyo, and Masruchin Masruchin. "Implementation of Government Policy in Guidance Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Kabupaten Purwakarta." In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Islamic Finance and Technology, CIFET, 21 September, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-9-2019.2293972.

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Gbakon, Kaase. "Impact of the Finance Act 2020 on Gas Utilization Projects." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207104-ms.

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Abstract The newly passed Finance Act 2020 (FA2020) in Nigeria is reviewed especially as it relates to the oil and gas industry. The review is partly executed by modeling the specific provisions of the Act that impact gas utilization projects. The effect of the provisions on investor returns as well as the extent to which government objectives are met is ascertained – the government objectives being to prevent tax leakage via excessive financing costs, as well as encourage gas development and utilization. A qualitative assessment of the FA2020 is first conducted to examine its provisions applicable to the oil and gas sector. Furthermore, a spreadsheet Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) economic model of a gas central processing facility is built. A hypothetical $800Million (CapEx), 300mmscfd gas processing facility, which is 70% debt financed is modeled by incorporating the provisions of the FA2020. The metrics of the project (both investor and government) are then compared under the scenarios of with and without the FA2020. Key results indicate that the economic returns to investor in the gas processing facility are still largely preserved at a healthy level, even as government take improves by $102Million due to the FA2020. Specifically, without the FA2020, investor returns an IRR of 21.11% while due to the FA2020, investor IRR declines to 19.79%. Sensitivity analysis serves to illustrate one of the aims of the FA2020, which is to prevent tax loss from high cost of financing. Lengthening the tenor of loans reduces the fraction of the financing costs that is tax deductible. The modeling result shows that, ceteris paribus, for one (1) year increase in loan tenor, the amount of financing cost that is tax deductible reduces by 5%. Another important outcome is that for every $1 of government receipts preserved/enhanced by the FA, the investor NPV declines by 38cents This impact assessment of the FA2020 on gas utilization projects is conducted against the backdrop of several government pronouncements and policy positions to encourage domestic gas development. Financing plays an important role in delivering gas projects, consequently the evaluation of the impact of the FA2020 becomes imperative. This is to allow an examination of the effect of the Act on the ability to meet the strategic objective of powering the economy via gas while fulfilling Nigeria’s climate change commitments by deeper adoption of gas as a transition fuel.
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Vuppalapati, Chandrasekar, Anitha Ilapakurti, Sandhya Vissapragada, Vanaja Mamaidi, Sharat Kedari, Raja Vuppalapati, Santosh Kedari, and Jaya Vuppalapati. "Application of Machine Learning and Government Finance Statistics for macroeconomic signal mining to analyze recessionary trends and score policy effectiveness." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9672025.

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Mullerova, Jana. "THE CULTURAL POLICY OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND THE PROBLEMS OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED SUBJECTS FROM THE CULTURAL SECTOR � EVIDENCE FROM THE CZECH." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b21/s4.052.

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Eskawati, Maria Yeny. "Resources Availability of Non-Specialistic Reference Policies in the Era of National Health Assurance to Ngawi East Java Public Health Centre." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.16.

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ABSTRACT Background: The availability of resources is important in running a program. The implementation of the Non-Specialist Referral Policy has experienced many obstacles due to the lack of resource availability. This study aims to determine the availability of resources for the implementation of the Non-Specialist Outpatient Referral Policy in the National Health Insurance Era at the Public health center in Ngawi Regency, East Java. Subjects and Method: This study was a descriptive qualitative study conducted at Public Health Center in 2017, A total of 31 sources was selected by mapping and purposive sampling. The data were collected by means of triangulation of sources and in-depth interviews, observation, secondary document study. The data were analyzed by reduction, presentation and verification. Result: Obstacles stems from the absence of a recruitment decree from the regent and no funding from Public health center to recruit under the BLUD scheme. Health equipment available is only 43% to 60% of the need. The main obstacle is the regent approves the high price of equipment and not all budget estimates. Good medicine, if certain conditions are less spent than capitation funds. Finance is sufficient because the sources of funds vary, from capitation, DAK, DAU, BK, BOK, etc. Conclusion: The availability of medicine and finance is sufficient, but human resources and equipment are still lacking. It requires commitment and policies from Ngawi District Government, public health center policies and public health center commitments to realize the BLUD scheme to overcome resource shortages. Keywords: Resources, Non-Specialistic Referral, JKN, Public health center Correspondence: Maria Yeny Eskawati. Institute of Science and Health Technology Insan Cendekia Medika, Jombang, Jawa Timur. Email: mariayenyeskawati@gmail.com. Mobile: +6289796348186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.16
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Ketners, Karlis. "Spending review as essential part of public sector budgeting: Latvian experience." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.011.

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One of the modern trends in public sector budget governance is evaluation of allocation of the resources, re-allocation of budget resources to achieve political goals and ensure sustainable financing for different public needs. This study is the first analysis of Latvian experience of public spending reviews in 2016 – 2019, characterises present patterns and proposes changes for future spending reviews. In general, the Ministry of Finance is conducting public spending review as quite technocratic exercises – an opportunity to make sure that existing public institutions’ budgets are being spent as efficiently as possible and conduct decision making on the civil service level. However, involvement of political level is a possibility to ensure that public spending objectives are met and the allocation of public resources reflects policy goals. The main task of the paper is to analyse the Latvian experience of regular public spending reviews and generalize recommendations for other countries and future development of the spending reviews. It can be concluded that increasing prioritization of budgetary spending and its relation with economic development can be supported by spending reviews as a mechanism to increase government spending in priority policy areas and to ensure reallocation of resources for underfinanced budget programmes through improvement of the efficiency of expenditures. Recommendations on improvement of the spending review process and possible changes to the budget law legislation are worked out.
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Reports on the topic "Finance – Government policy"

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Hicks, Jacky, Berni Smith, Anna Downs, and Benedetta Musillo. Conversations on Gender and Tax. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.064.

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By being ‘gender aware’, tax policy, tax administration and tax research have the potential to both reduce discrimination and promote women’s economic empowerment, and benefit the wider inclusive economic growth and development process. Civil society organisations (CSOs) play an important role in all aspects of taxation and gender, from improving transparency and accountability of government decisions on tax policy, and engaging with governments and oversight institutions on taxation and gender, to educating female taxpayers and monitoring services that revenue authorities and ministries of finance provide. Specialised CSOs could carry out gendered analysis of taxation and its impacts in parallel to gendered analysis of budgeting.
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Pizarro, Rodrigo, Raúl Delgado, Huáscar Eguino, and Aloisio Lopes Pereira. Climate Change Public Budget Tagging: Connections across Financial and Environmental Classification Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003021.

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Identifying and evaluating climate expenditures in the public sector, known as budget tagging, has generated increasing attention from multiple stakeholders, not only to assess the governments climate change policy, but also to monitor fiscal risks associated with increasing and unpredictable climate change impacts. This paper explores the issues raised by climate change budget tagging in the context of a broader discussion on the connections with fiscal and environmental statistical classification systems. It argues that, for climate change budget tagging efforts to be successful, the definitions and classifications of climate change expenditures must be consistent with statistical standards currently in use, such as the Government Finance Statistics Framework and the System of National Accounts.
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Chhoeung, Norinmony, Sesokunthideth Chrea, and Nghia Nguyen. Cambodia’s Cash Transfer Program during COVID-19. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/rrmz8095.

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In 2019, Cambodia had been enjoying its steady economic growth until the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the country from February 2020 in the form of severe infectious diseases, causing both economic and social problems for people from all walks of life, especially poor and vulnerable families. The IDPoor Equity Card, a poverty identification and registration system, was introduced in Cambodia to provide cash to poor pregnant women and children since 2016. Given its continued success, Cambodian Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen announced the implementation of the Cash Transfer Program (CTP) using the IDPoor Card system. The CTP provided cash to poor and vulnerable households across the country affected by the pandemic. Executing the first large-scale cash transfer program in history presented significant challenges for the Government of Cambodia. In addition to implementing the program, which had to adhere to the three principles of equity–equality–efficiency, the government had other challenges to overcome, such as the limited number of tablets and facilities to accommodate the many people waiting in line to withdraw cash. Under the guidance of the central government, particularly the Economic and Finance Policy Committee, a technical working group was established to lead the implementation process; coordination among local governments, local councils, agencies, and the poor and needy; review of the IDPoor database; establishment of the digital payment system; and training of local government staff. This enabled the CTP to effectively distribute cash to poor and vulnerable households during the pandemic.
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Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.

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This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig, and Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2302.

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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig, and Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301.

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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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Avis, William. Responsible E-Waste Value Chains in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.015.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste value chains. The report should be read I conjunction with an earlier report on e-waste management. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. When e-waste is collected and treated formally, it normally includes the following steps: Collection, Sorting and disassembly, Size reduction, Separation. The following five pillars of a sustainable e-waste management system have been identified: • Business and finance • Policy and regulation • Technology and skills • Monitoring and control • Marketing and awareness As such, to support the development of a responsible e-waste value chain, the following elements must be addressed. • Understanding how e-waste is currently managed • There is no one-size-fits all solution to building a robust e-waste management system based on extended producer responsibility. • An e-waste system built without a participatory approach is likely to be hampered by a series of issues. • An overarching policy is necessary • The choices made for the sector should be founded on two crucial elements – data from on the ground, and inputs from stakeholders. • Enforcement is incumbent on the government mandate The push towards a circular economy has provided stakeholders across the value chain with an impetus to initiate systemic improvements and invest in infrastructure and awareness raising.
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Go, Eugenia, Sam Hill, Maria Hanna Jaber, Yothin Jinjarak, Donghyun Park, and Anton Ragos. Developing Asia’s Fiscal Landscape and Challenges. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220267-2.

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This paper analyzes how substantial fiscal policy stimulus in response to COVID-19, combined with the impact of the downturn on revenues, has severely weakened public finances in many developing Asian economies. Analysis drawing on newly compiled data shows that while tax revenues in developing Asia steadily rose in the 2 decades before the COVID–19 pandemic, they continued to lag well behind high-income economies and some developing peers. The region relies on indirect taxes, creating a relatively efficient but less progressive tax structure, while government expenditures on education and health were comparatively modest.
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Kaaret, Kaidi, and Evelin Piirsalu. Decarbonizing the EU’s road and construction sectors through green public procurement: the cases of Estonia and Poland. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.031.

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Government spending on public works, goods and services in the European Union (EU) accounts for about 14% of the EU’s GDP. Consequently, the EU and its Member States (MS) can make a great impact in accelerating the development and uptake of low-carbon technologies through green public procurement (GPP). This brief is part of a wider project financed by Breakthrough Energy, aiming to understand the divergences in GPP uptake in different EU MS and to identify key barriers to greater adoption and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to greater policy coherence among member states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as to increase policy support for the design of GPP implementation frameworks and for harmonized GPP target-setting. In 2020, the road transport sector accounted for 23% and 20% of total Estonian and Polish GHG emissions, respectively, while the construction sector represented about 5% and 9% of Estonian and Polish total GHG emissions, respectively. These numbers point to the large mitigation potential that procuring authorities can support by including environmental criteria in procurements. In this brief, we share the results from our desktop research and stakeholder interviews for Estonia and Poland. Results from all cases and additional research will be published in a report later in 2022.
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Tumen, Semih, and Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement. The impact of forced displacement on housing and urban settlement in host communities. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.300922.

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Findings in the literature suggest that the sudden and often massive nature of refugee inflows, combined with the fact that housing supply is mostly unresponsive in the short-term, has the potential to affect housing prices and generate substantial changes in housing preferences, neighborhood quality/amenities, mobility patterns of hosts, and attitudes toward refugees in receiving areas. The interaction between the location preferences of refugees and the actions taken by hosts in response to refugee inflows may lead to residential segregation, urban poverty, high economic inequality, and unsustainable cities in the long-term. Policy lessons suggest options like transforming camps (that may have become socioeconomically attractive locations) into sustainable settlements, utilizing voucher programs, and incentivizing government-financed housing solutions for refugees.
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