Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Finance durable'
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Chaaben, Mohamed. "La finance durable : essai de conceptualisation juridique." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0037.
Full textSustainable finance is an atypical form of finance that takes into consideration the goals of sustainable development. Integrating extra-financial factors (environmental, social, governance, etc.) into its approach, it differs from conventional finance by seeking social and/or environmental utility. The interaction between finance and sustainable development has given rise to a new financial paradigm. Sustainable finance could contribute to overcoming the current crisis which has several dimensions: health, economic, financial, social, ecological, etc. In a context of a crisis, sustainable finance should benefit from an adapted and harmonized legal framework promoting its deployment under secure conditions. The proliferation of private initiatives is not efficient enough to understand the risks inherent in sustainable finance. Similarly, self-regulation mechanism is not capable of grasping all the difficulties associated with this new method of financing. Soft law standards should thereby be accompanied by binding legal instruments, in order to enforce the effective consideration of sustainability in finance. Torn between coercion and incitement, the legislator's role is to make the sustainable finance market secure and transparent. This objective requires a systematization of the legal standards, in order to establish sustainable finance into a new legal category
Klausmann, Johannes. "Three Essays in Sustainable Finance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ESEC0006.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays that address questions related to challenges in the field of Sustainable Finance. Chapter 1 estimates the benchmark greenium. Chapter 2 experimentally tests whether Socially Responsible Investors are truthful to their stated ESG preferences in a competitive trading environment. Chapter 3 examines the causal relationship between managerial myopia and firms’ greenness. Chapter 1 proposes a novel approach to estimate the benchmark greenium, the premium specific to risk-free green securities relative to otherwise identical non-green securities. The estimated greenium can serve as a reference point to price the greenium in other green assets. Correctly identifying the benchmark greenium is important because it reveals investors’ environmental/climate concerns – along with their aversion to those concerns - as well as the market incentive to finance green projects. In other words, this convenience yield that investors are willing to pay beyond the expected risk and return characteristic of a security is effectively a subsidy to green investing. In the specific case of sovereign bonds, the greenium measures savings to governments of shifting their expenditures from brown to green projects, and it can provide a justification for central banks to include safe green bonds in the conduct of conventional and unconventional monetary policy. Chapter 2 shows in an experimental setting whether Socially Responsible In- vestors (SRIs) and students stick to their proclaimed environmental, social and governance (ESG) preferences in a competitive trading room. More specifically, Chapter 2 examines whether ESG preferences and other socio-demographic traits translate into less aggressive trading and a long-term outlook usually observed among SRIs. The results suggest that all participants who view ESG issues as important (ESG perception) trade more aggressively irrespective of whether the news are related to ESG or not. Yet, participants who claim to integrate ESG concerns in their daily behavior like waste recycling (ESG behavior) do not trade differently from the average participant. Another key finding is that SRIs trade on average much less aggressively than students irrespective of their ESG perceptions and behaviors. The conclusion of Chapter 2 is that high stated ESG perceptions and behaviors do not survive the test in the trading room but SRI professionals trade indeed less aggressively. Chapter 3 assesses the causal relationship between managerial short-termism and firms’ greenness. I uncover a causal link between the myopic behavior of CEOs and these firms’ green efforts. In particular for firms with more retained earnings and strong past financial performance, i.e., able to pursue more investments, short-term compensation incentives lead to less green jobs being created and fewer green patents filed. The effect is statistically significant contemporaneously, with a lasting impact over the following years. Outside pressure through shareholder proposals by socially responsible investors mitigates myopic managerial behavior. The results stress the importance of CEOs’ incentive design and shareholders’ actions for firms’ greenness
Vallee, Lou-Salomé. "Essays on sustainable finance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100023.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on the theme of sustainable finance, more specifically on ESG investments in the debt market. This research aims to develop a formal framework for incorporating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria into risk management and investment decisions involving sovereign bonds. Indeed, the integration of sustainability considerations into the decision-making process for investments, as measured by ESG indicators is becoming mainstream but is not systematic into sovereign bond investment analysis and investment decision-making due to a lack of understanding among investors of how to integrate ESG issues into sovereign debt analysis and a lack of consistency in defining and measuring material ESG factors. The absence of a coherent investment framework for such integration is consistent with the relative scarcity of available academic research on the subject, which has focused more on ESG investing in equity markets and corporate bonds. The first part of this thesis investigates the impact of ESG criteria on the risk and return of sovereign bonds, from an investor's perspective. The second part of this thesis analyses ESG integration in sovereign bond portfolios and its implications in terms of risk management and investment decisions
Bao, Li. "Three Essays on Green Finance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU10003.
Full textFirms are facing increasing expectations to address environmental issues, yet the conflicting goals of shareholder value-maximization and the costs of pollution prevention present significant challenges. This thesis explores two potential solutions: the long-term benefits of firms' early adoption of green practices and the preference of investors for green firms.The first chapter studies the long-term benefits that early adopters of green practices can obtain. Specifically, it investigates the impact of heightened enforcement of air pollution abatement regulations by local governments on the financial performance of Chinese listed firms. Using a two-stage least squares methodology, the study analyzes the impact of increased pollution control actions resulting from the transfer of monitoring station control rights from local governments to the central government. It compares the profitability of firms that implemented green practices early with those that did not. The findings reveal that firms with early green actions experience an increase in profitability, primarily attributed to reduced financial expenses. To further examine whether firms with early green actions can effectively manage and smooth the transition costs associated with adopting green practices in the initial years, the performances of firms with and without early green actions is tracked over time. The study discovers that their performances are similar until local governments intensify their enforcement efforts, and firms with early green actions outperform afterwards. The second chapter examines how stock and bond investors perceive firms' green status. Leveraging the Climate Bonds Initiative's three-tier verification system for green bonds, the study disentangles the influence of a company's green status and its issuance of green bonds. The analysis reveals that stock investors value a company's green status. The status is released to the market when a firm's green bond framework is verified or when it issues its first green bond if the framework is not verified. However, bond investors solely value certified green bonds and do not have a preference for other green bonds or conventional bonds issued by green firms. The third chapter investigates the growing trend of passive investors and their voting behavior during annual general meetings, aiming to shed light on their potential influence on green practices. While passive funds lack internal incentives to intervene in governance, external incentives from the same fund family's active funds may play a significant role. The study explores how active funds adjust their holdings based on passive funds' positions and how this affects voting patterns. Results show that active funds’ portfolios are affected by inflows of passive funds, while their own inflows do not have an impact. Moreover, when the product of passive and active funds’ ownership from the same fund family increases due to inflows of passive funds, both passive and active funds are more likely to vote against ISS recommendations.In summary, this thesis emphasizes the outperformance of firms with early green actions and highlights stock investors' preference for firms' green status. The findings contribute to the adoption of green practices in corporate decision-making
Abeyratne, Fredrick. "Estimation of tax rate elasticities of durable assets: utility maximizing approach using the AIDS model." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49912.
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Le, Lann Daniel-Wassim. "Four essays on sustainable finance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1012.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the burgeoning research field of sustainable finance. The first part of the thesis aims to address some of the criticisms raised by investors, regulators, and stakeholders on ESG ratings. Chapter 1 develops a backtest methodology to evaluate ESG ratings. Our empirical applications indicate that the informativeness of ESG ratings strongly depends on the location of firms' headquarters and the level of consensus among rating agencies. Chapter 2 proposes a new methodology for the production of ESG ratings based on supervised learning. The methodology has the advantage of eliminating any confusion regarding what ESG ratings truly measure. Our empirical applications highlight its usefulness, but also the limitations of using information from sustainability reports to predict corporate irresponsible behavior. The findings of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 demonstrate the considerable challenges involved in building accurate measurement systems for corporate sustainability. The second part of the thesis takes a broader perspective on organizational behavior and investment flows in the context of climate change. Chapter 3 investigates organizations' strategic responses to the threat of climate activists through a case study of a French elite student climate movement that threatened to boycott polluting employers. While the initiative has raised concerns about the ability of large companies to attract human capital, our findings indicate that polluting firms could, at least temporarily, address this challenge by committing to improve their environmental impact. Chapter 4 examines the capacity of current climate governance to slow down fossil resource extraction through an empirical investigation of investment flows into fossil energy infrastructures. Our results emphasize the importance of climate policy-making, but also the limitations of fragmented climate governance, in effectively mitigating climate change
El, Alem Mohamed Vall. "Implémentation de la finance islamique en République Islamique de Mauritanie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0013.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how Islamic finance can constitute an endogenous and societal response to the needs of Muslim populations to effectively promote development and fight exclusion. It's about putting its strong ethical foundations into perspective and showing that it cannot be reduced to a simple reengineering of conventional finance with questionable compliance with the rules of Charia without being consistent with its principles and ideals. In particular, the thesis aims to formulate recommendations for the development of Islamic finance in a dual banking environment tainted with risks like that of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. This alternative form of financing, although having recorded significant growth rates in several countries over the past few years, still faces many challenges that must be met to ensure its sustainability. Indeed, Islamic finance institutions most often operate in economic and financial environments that were designed for conventional finance. This lack of explicit consideration, by the legal and regulatory system, of all the specificities of this finance hinders its full development and compromises its competitiveness. The case of Mauritania occupies a central place in the context of this thesis. Indeed, the Central Bank of Mauritania has approved several Islamic banks in recent years, the number of which at the end of December 2021 was seven out of the eighteen banks in the country. Also, all conventional Mauritanian banks have Islamic windows. Similarly, a new banking law explicitly regulating the activity of banks offering Islamic financial services wasenacted in July 2018. This strong growth in the number of banks offering Islamic financial services raises the question of how to meet the challenges of a harmonious development of the banking and financial sector in Mauritania. Will Islamic banks have an economic, legal and regulatory environment conducive to their development? Is the demand sufficient for such several banks? On what levers to bet for the viability and performance of Islamic banks in Mauritania?
Kaparay, Christian Kakule. "Finance populaire et développement durable en Afrique au sud du Sahara : application à la région Nord-Est de la République démocratique du Congo /." Louvain-la-Neuve : Univ. Catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543415260.pdf.
Full textPancrazio, Lionel. "Parcours résidentiel et transition urbaines à la durabilité : le nœud gordien des coûts de constructions dans le cas de l'immobilier durable. Ou des technologies numériques nécessaire à l'évolution de la chaine de valeur de l'immobilier vers la durabilité." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIML011.
Full textTitle: Human living and urban transitions to sustainability: the Gordian knot of construction costs in the case of sustainable real estate or Digital technologies necessary for the evolution of the real estate value chain towards sustainability.While environmental awareness could be widely understood and shared by as many people as possible, emissions of greenhouse gases, pollutants and waste continue to grow. Housing and transportation are the biggest contributors. Sustainable development tends to provide the foundation for a sustainable growth model of our planet, but today remains marginally integrated in strategies applied by people, organizations and policy makers.The fall in state resources is giving rise to the intervention of private groups in the fabric of the city. The production process by the segmentation of the interventions, the complexity, the asymmetry of information and skills and its underlying economic model makes complex the taking into account of a real durability, but a house has a real influence on our potential of becoming.Our living, its place, its form, are important vectors of equity in the sense of social justice and thus of a 'living together'. But sustainable development as practiced by the markets is rare and expensive. We have identified adjustment variables that can make the cost of housing accessible. An evolution of the real estate value chain can lead to a significant reduction in the cost of construction and the price to make housing affordable enough. Sustainability can help support demographics by adapting our lifestyles, while positively contributing to the development of individuals, businesses and institutions through the co-construction of (good) practices, particularly in investments that remain largely to be define
Zerbib, Olivier David. "Asset pricing and impact investing with pro-environmental preferences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1207.
Full textThis thesis addresses the effects of investors’ pro-environmental preferences on asset pricing and impact investing. The first chapter shows how sustainable investing, through the joint practice of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) integration and exclusionary screening, affects asset returns. The effect of these two practices translates into two taste premia and two exclusion premia that induce cross-effects between excluded and non-excluded assets. By using the holdings of 453 green funds investing in U.S. stocks between 2007 and 2019 to proxy for sustainable investors' tastes, I estimate the model applied to green investing and sin stock exclusion. The annual taste effect ranges from -1.12% to +0.14% for the different industries and the average exclusion effect is 1.43%. In the second chapter, I use green bonds as an instrument to identify the effect of non-pecuniary motives, specifically pro-environmental preferences, on bond market prices. I perform a matching method, followed by a two-step regression procedure, to estimate the yield differential between a green bond and a counterfactual conventional bond from July 2013 to December 2017. The results suggest a small negative premium: the yield of a green bond is lower than that of a conventional bond. On average, the premium is -2 basis points for the entire sample and for euro and USD bonds separately. I show that this negative premium is more pronounced for financial and low-rated bonds. The results emphasize the low impact of investors' pro-environmental preferences on bond prices, which does not represent, at this stage, a disincentive for investors to support the expansion of the green bond market. Finally, the third chapter shows how green investing spurs companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by raising their cost of capital. Companies' emissions decrease when the proportion of green investors and their environmental stringency increase. However, heightened uncertainty regarding future environmental impacts alleviates the pressure on the cost of capital for the most carbon-intensive companies and pushes them to increase their emissions. I provide empirical evidence supporting the theoretical results by focusing on U.S. stocks and using green fund holdings to proxy for green investors' beliefs. When the fraction of assets managed by green investors doubles, companies’ carbon intensity drops by 5% per year
Ramanantseheno, Domoina. "La microfinance au service d’une agriculture durable, illusion ou réalité ? : le cas de Madagascar (région de l’Itasy)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111015.
Full textIn the Less Advanced Countries, the agricultural sector is constituted not only by more than half of the rural population but also by over 60% of the active population. The majority of the poor rural people obtain their main resource incomes from the agricultural activities. The agricultural development could thus be considered as an attenuation factor of the poverty. However, the problem of the financial support toward the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries still remains an unsolved issue.If microfinance is considered to be a tool for reducing poverty in any activity sector where it is used, then the optimal effect of its implementation should be observed in the area where the majority of poor population is located. So, the agricultural sector of the Less Advanced Countries becomes a privileged field of this experimentation. The challenge that the microfinance has to face is not only to provide financial support to the farmers for allowing them to increase their productivity, but also to promote an agriculture contributing to the environment.As a result, the specific role of the microfinance in the field of agriculture, in particularly for the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries is questioned.Will the microfinance be able to present itself as an alternative for the issue of the financial support toward the family farms or will it be just an illusion?
Kinda, Harouna. "L'économie politique de la gouvernance des industries extractives et du financement du développement durable : La Transparence est-elle Avantageuse ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0156.
Full textThe 2030 Agenda from the International Conference on Financing for Sustainable Development in Addis Ababa highlighted the priority of all national and international resource flows, policies, and agreements with economic, social, and environmental stresses. Resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs) are encouraged to focus on transparency and governance in the extractive industries in order to improve domestic resource mobilization (DRM). This thesis investigates the environmental and economic impacts of the political economy of extractive industry governance in resource-rich developing countries.Chapter 1 revisits the links between man-made and natural capital in developing countries, focusing on the case of forest cover loss. Considering a theoretical model of income maximization, we assess through empirical observation the impact of extractive industries on forest cover loss. Based on a panel of 52 resource-rich developing countries from 2001-2017, we adopt a dynamic specification with the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) system to address the inherent bias. Our main results show that the total rent from the extractive industries harms the forest. In contrast, oil rents contribute to reducing forest cover loss. In addition, we find that natural resource tax revenues contribute to reducing forest cover loss.Chapter 2 assesses the "treatment effect" of implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) standard on deforestation in resource-rich developing countries. Using a sample of 83 resource-rich developing countries from 2001–to 2017, we use entropy balancing methods to address the self-selection bias associated with EITI membership. Compared with the non-EITI country, the results show that implementing the EITI standard significantly reduces the loss of forest cover by approximately 300–760 ha. This result supports the conclusion that EITI, but not a panacea, is an effective policy program for limiting the negative impacts on forests partly caused by extractive industries.Chapter 3 assesses the "treatment effect" of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) membership on tax revenues through two main channels. The first (direct effect) works through an equitable and transparent resource tax regime. The second is the indirect effect EITI has on non-resource revenue once transparency enhances accountability and resource allocation to productive expenditures. Using a sample of 83 resource-rich developing countries from 2001 to 2017, we use propensity score matching (PSM) and a control function approach to address the self-selection bias associated with EITI membership (the dates of countries' commitment, candidacy, and compliance). Results show that EITI commitment or candidates significantly and positively affect tax revenue collection compared to non-EITI. EITI compliance generates a considerable surplus of tax revenues compared to noncompliance. The results are robust, with a substantial increase in non-resource tax revenues, income tax, and resource tax revenue.Chapter 4 hypothesizes that the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, an international norm that aims to promote transparency in natural resources management, may mitigate this negative impact. We empirically support this hypothesis using the Fixed-Effects and Entropy Balancing methods in a panel of 71 resource-rich countries, including 30 EITI and 41 non-EITI countries, between 1995 and 2019. Our results are robust to using different sets of controls and alternative measures of financial development. In addition, we discuss the transmission channels through which the financial resource curse may occur
Pancrazio, Lionel. "Parcours résidentiel et transition urbaines à la durabilité : le nœud gordien des coûts de constructions dans le cas de l'immobilier durable. Ou des technologies numériques nécessaire à l'évolution de la chaine de valeur de l'immobilier vers la durabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIML011.
Full textTitle: Human living and urban transitions to sustainability: the Gordian knot of construction costs in the case of sustainable real estate or Digital technologies necessary for the evolution of the real estate value chain towards sustainability.While environmental awareness could be widely understood and shared by as many people as possible, emissions of greenhouse gases, pollutants and waste continue to grow. Housing and transportation are the biggest contributors. Sustainable development tends to provide the foundation for a sustainable growth model of our planet, but today remains marginally integrated in strategies applied by people, organizations and policy makers.The fall in state resources is giving rise to the intervention of private groups in the fabric of the city. The production process by the segmentation of the interventions, the complexity, the asymmetry of information and skills and its underlying economic model makes complex the taking into account of a real durability, but a house has a real influence on our potential of becoming.Our living, its place, its form, are important vectors of equity in the sense of social justice and thus of a 'living together'. But sustainable development as practiced by the markets is rare and expensive. We have identified adjustment variables that can make the cost of housing accessible. An evolution of the real estate value chain can lead to a significant reduction in the cost of construction and the price to make housing affordable enough. Sustainability can help support demographics by adapting our lifestyles, while positively contributing to the development of individuals, businesses and institutions through the co-construction of (good) practices, particularly in investments that remain largely to be define
Pirard, Romain. "Les paradoxes apparents de l'expansion papetière en Indonésie : une exploration des liens finance-gouvernance-environnement pour l'analyse d'un secteur en terme de durabilité." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0027.
Full textThe rapid expansion of the Pulp & Paper industry in Indonesia has generated large overcapacities because fiber supplies were based mainly on the conversion of tropical forests. Using financial theory about financial expropriation and debt entrenchment in East Asia, we show that the ultimate owners of the groups have been able to capture most of the rents owing to a divergence between their control rights and their ownership rights. Their profits were done in the short term, but their costs were postponed owing to a capital structure based on debts. Politics and public gouvernance have also played an important role in favor of the interests of the ultimate owners, and all the apperances seem to suggest that the expansion followed a model of political economy. Recent efforts to develop large-scale fast-growing plantations have poor impacts on the sustainable developement of the rural areas, because of environmental irreversibilities and a loss of flexibility for the rural poor. However, economic irreversibilities lower the probability that the current trend be voluntarily modified
Meyer, Gilbert. "Finances locales et développement durable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA033.
Full textThe Grenelle on the environment modifies the actions and projects of the local authorities. They have to meet objectives, without having the necessary budgetary means. This thesis sets out the objectives imposed on the local authorities by the law. The previous long-term actions of sustainable development are recalled. Part one deals with sustainable development, the international recommendations and its local implementation, where the local authorities play a leading role. Examples of actions in favor of communities, prior to the Grenelle on the environment, are analyzed. Part two deals with how local finances have been affected by these sustainable development policies. The local authorities have a limited scope of action; between compulsory revenues and expenditures and the reduced State participation in co financing of the actions imposed on the communities. Tools at the disposai of local authorities can help. There are many partners. Finally, the State should not only create laws, it also needs to provide the financial support for the priority actions which are imposed
Jublot, Guillaume. "L'attractivité territoriale : rôle des incitations et des institutions et conditions de l'innovation." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1009/document.
Full textFaced with a succession of crisis and global competition, States seek solutions to get out. In this long period of financial scarcity at all stages of the rocket territorial France, it is appropriate to consolidate all that contributes to the attractiveness of a country, a region, a city. The lack of communication, abserved so far between complementary sectors in the same territory involved yet the attrativeness of it, makes the excercise very complicated. However, these independent sets of each other on the same territory, would be well advised to focus their efforts in terms of economic attrativeness. The reforms implemented so far didn't yield the desired results. The need and need strutural reform has never been stronger and unavoidable for the proper functioning of our economies. Faced with this crisis, France is not safe in terms of macro-economic variables: lockouts, deficit, debt
Chemarin, Sophie. "Analyse critique de la gestion des nouveaux risques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0036.
Full textAkue, Adovi Segbeaya. "Finances publiques et politiques de protection de l'environnement dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3020.
Full textMeca, Ingrid. "Le régime financier de l'eau en France : du droit de l'environnement au droit du développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10030.
Full textSalahaldin, Linda. "Utilisation des options réelles pour l’aide à la décision d’investissement dans le transport durable." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090047.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the problem of investment in sustainable transport. We first develop a model, based on the IPAT method, to calculate the cost of transport externalities. Then, using real options method, we show how to maximize the inter-generational utility. First, under population growth uncertainty, we obtain explicit closed form expression for the population threshold above which it is optimal to invest. Second, under both demand and cost project uncertainties, like in the case of the construction of hydrogen infrastructure, we develop a numerical algorithm that helps making decisions. We calculate the expected waiting time until investing and show that we must wait a longer time before investing when the uncertainty is high
Planchais, Gaël. "Stratégie et performance des agriculteurs dans un enjeu d'agriculture durable." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418659.
Full textAujourd'hui, avec l'alternative du développement durable, la réflexion autour des problématiques liées à l'environnement sont omniprésentes et interpellent l'agriculture sur les questions relatives à l'eau, l'air, le sol, la biodiversité.
Cette recherche, qui est basée sur plusieurs théories, reste essentiellement centrée sur la théorie des parties prenantes, qui invite tous les acteurs (agriculteurs, consommateurs, Etat, collectivités locales...) à participer à cette évolution vers une agriculture multifonctionnelle et durable.
L'interrogation fondamentale est : l'agriculture durable est-elle aussi voire plus performante que l'agriculture conventionnelle ?
La recherche s'est appuyée sur des agriculteurs qui ont choisi de mettre en place des mesures en faveur de l'environnement dans un contrat territorial d'exploitation (entre 2000 et 2002). L'engagement, pour cinq ans, est un exemple concret d'agriculture durable. Il a servi de support pour cette thèse pour analyser la stratégie des agriculteurs dans cet enjeu d'agriculture durable, d'autant plus que ce contrat était une innovation en la matière.
La méthodologie consiste, à partir d'un questionnaire, a étudier les motivations qui ont conduit les agriculteurs à signer un contrat. En parallèle, une base de données sur les informations économiques et financières de ces exploitations, a été exploitée.
An, Jeong-Hwa, and Jeong-Hwa An. "Le choix d'un système de transport durable : analyse comparative des systèmes de transport guidé de surface." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00834819.
Full textMugartegui, Eguia Isabel. "Hacienda y fiscalidad en Guipùzcoa durante el Antiguo Régimen, 1700-1814 /." [San Sebastián] : Gipuzkoako Kutxa Kultur Fundazioa= Fundación cultural Caja de Guipuzcoa, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36150698m.
Full textLevrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Full textCette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Carrer, Marta <1990>. "Il profilo di rischio nell’asset allocation, prima e durante la crisi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5330.
Full textDribek, Abderraouf. "Vers un tourisme durable en Tunisie : le cas de l'ile de Djerba." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781871.
Full textVu, Manhchien. "Tourisme, croissance et intégration dans l'économie mondiale : les apports du concept de développement durable." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257238.
Full textBulteau, Julie. "La mobilité durable en zone urbaine : efficacité et perspectives des politiques d'environnement." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=d3dbb26b-b715-47f7-a8d9-60b3c23823a6.
Full textThis research deals with economic policies of sustainable urban transport for travellers. The interest lies in the use of environmental economics instruments and their application to transport economics. The main aim of this work is to compare urban toll with tradable emissions permits system. The first part presents the literature and the second describes the development of microeconomic models. In the first approach, I assess the efficiency, experiments, modelling relevance of both tools, and I compare their results. The purpose of the first part is to establish if a tool is better at obtaining sustainable mobility than the other. From a theoretical point of view, no instrument is better than the other. The second part focuses on modelling. I adjust the standard traffic bottleneck model in order to better adapt the urban toll to the theme of sustainable transport. I add two extensions: the car’s environmental cost and a modal policy to encourage modal split. I then develop a new tradable emissions permits system for urban motorists. Analytical and numerical model’s results show both instruments feasibility and efficiency. Important variables in the models must be taken into account: the value of time, the fixed costs of collective transport and environmental knowledge. These variables will indeed impact on the tools’ success
Bulteau, Julie. "La mobilité durable en zone urbaine : efficacité et perspectives des politiques d'environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589001.
Full textLevada, Silvia <1992>. "Successo e sopravvivenza delle imprese durante la crisi – Aspetti teorici ed evidenze empiriche." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10502.
Full textD'emilio, Luna. "La ville durable dans le débat français : entre réflexion et praxis : figures de projet à l'oeuvre à Strasbourg." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021257.
Full textYoshinaga, Claudia Emiko. "Análise da sobre-reação de preços no mercado de ações brasileiro durante o período de 1995 a 2003." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-13122005-203858/.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the possibility of obtaining gains by adopting contrarian investments policy in the Brazilian Stock Market during the period from 1995 to 2003, in order to prove the existence of the overreaction bias in the investors? behavior. As a complementary objective, it was explored whether the strategy performance depends upon the measure employed to address performance, time period, cumulating returns method or number of securities in the portfolios. The research has involved different measures of performance: total return, market excess return and risk-adjusted return for different time horizons: monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually and biannually. It was computed two methods for cumulating returns, arithmetic and buy-and-hold, and also various quantitites of securities in each portfolio. The statistical procedures used to measure the degree of association were: difference of sample means test, proportions test and Spearman?s correlation coefficients. The sample included all stocks listed in Bovespa, with available data in the Economática database. Results show that there is an opportunity to gain in the short-time horizon, once the contrarian investment strategy presented statistically significant gains for monthly and quarterly periods.
Arcuset, Laurent. "La prise en compte de la diversité des acteurs dans un processus de tourisme durable." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989600.
Full textD'ERASMO, FABIO. "A micro macro approach: finanza e crescita nelle province italiane durante il primo decennio del XXI secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253161.
Full textAbstract The thesis investigates the relationship between finance and growth in the Italian provinces during the first decade of the 21st century. Due to the evolution of the Italian macroeconomic and macrofinancial framework, it emerges a bank-centric financial system and a dual Country-system in which the banking power is concentrated, the operating distances are reduced and the functional distances are increased. After a review of the literature on bank inefficiency and on the finance-growth relationship, I estimate the cost inefficiency of Italian banks in order to measure the inefficiency of the provincial banking system. The methodology chosen is stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) with a Cobb-Douglas cost function. The cross-section estimates are conducted on annual datasets which involve banks of the ABI Banking data from 2001 to 2015. The estimated banking inefficiency has been investigated also for bank types. The “Local”, “Big” and “not Independent” types of banks seems to be the most inefficient. After measuring the inefficiency of the provincial banking systems, those located in the South seems to be the most inefficient, before, during and at the end of the crisis. Finally the growth equation is estimated with a two-step GMM-system with the Windmeijer finite-sample correction, using a panel of 102 provinces from 2001 to 2013. The evidence show that next to the quality institution also finance has a significant influence on the provincial growth. Financialization has a positive impact on growth (Hicksian channel) while inefficiency has a negative impact (Schumpeterian channel). Decomposing the banking inefficiency, only the“not Local”, “Big”, “not Big” and “not Independent” types of bank are able to influence significantly the growth.
Piva, Stefano <1994>. "L'analisi della sopravvivenza per le imprese di piccole e medie dimensioni,durante e dopo la crisi finanziaria." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14861.
Full textJúnior, José Eduardo Rodrigues Varandas. "Interpretação da influência das variáveis condicionantes da demanda pela produção habitacional privada: aplicação na cidade de São Paulo durante o período de 1998 a 2008." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-17082010-122631/.
Full textWhen analyzing the residential real estate market one of the main factors that influence its behavior is the demand, which has a strong relation with the household formation. According to the Brazilian housing market history, it is possible to notice an upward trend after the end of the 70´s, which was positively influenced by the population growth and the strong performance of the Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH) - the main financial institution player responsible to support the sector in that period. However, in the next two decades, even considering the Brazilian household increase, the residential real estate market faced a decrease in the new offer of units causing a gap between the housing construction and its main demand component: the household formation. After the economic turmoil and the extinction of the BNH, the residential real estate market had no access to sources of funds to support the business. This scenario started to change in 2002, after an improvement in the Brazilian economic conditions and in the SFH, which ended up with an increase in the availability of funds to the sector, a better business environment and a growth in the housing construction. In 2006 the first developers went public bringing more funds to the sector and leading the housing construction to a new level. This paper analysis the academic works state of art regarding the housing demand and its interfaces with the economic environment. The causes of the gap between the housing construction and the household formation are identified according to the behavior of the variables selected: household formation, income, availability of funds, financing costs, price and capitalization rate.
Lepoittevin, Christine. "Financement privé des grandes ONG internationales : quels sont les ressorts du lien entre donateurs privés et grandes ONG internationales au travers de l'argent ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090009.
Full textThe large environmental and Humanitarian INGOs, since they were born, have developed a significant role in global governance, international aid and sustainable development. They have become a symbol of a path for another globalization. A large number of individual donors have supported them regularly, putting the subject at the heart of the globalization process, emerging out of a mass society. Donor’s loyalty to INGOs goes beyond a solidarity based on empathy and compassion. He recognizes his own individual responsibility when addressing required changes and actions. However money takes a strategic, but ambivalent, place that makes the private donor, whether it is a company or an individual, an economic data. The market world is step by step invading the philanthropic one bringing confusion. It involves a risk of a depersonalization process of together, donors and large INGOs. When focusing on the economic value of the donors, INGOs could forget the link with them
Da, Costa Pascal. "Un progrès technique pour le développement durable ? Recherche sur l'intensité et la direction du changement technique propre." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011528.
Full textOllivier, Timothée. "Capital naturel, développement et durabilité à Madagascar et au Mozambique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489553.
Full textCretté, Olivier. "L'incidence des facteurs socioculturels dans le reporting financier et le reporting sociétal : Un essai de comparaison entre la France et l'Allemagne." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742985.
Full textGorgati, Vlamir. "Os determinantes da estrutura de capital de empresas familiares durante os processos sucessórios: contribuição da teoria da firma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12134/tde-05032002-170107/.
Full textExperts consider the process of succession in the family business as the most important challenge in their fight for perpetuation. The transition processes encounter various difficulties common to managerial transitions, yet they are made more complicated due to subjective factors present in both the family and management arenas. During succession processes, conflicts often arise out of a difficulty to differentiate between social and business roles in the family. Such conflicts involve issues such as ownership, management styles and family interests. The New Institutional Economics added a series of behavior variables to the theoretical body of corporate finance. Such variables, previously not considered by the Neoclassic Economics, were added so as to bring a higher level of realism to the theoretical analysis. This dissertation investigates the propositions put forward by the Economic Theory of Finance regarding the behavior of managers as far as their choice of Capital Structure for the business and its validity as conflict attenuation in the process of Succession. The conclusions put forward here point toward an interdependency between decisions regarding Capital Structure and Succession in the Family Business. In addition to that, they highlight the importance of long term financing for a successful process, and suggest further investigation that could support and illustrate the conclusions.
Sonko, Seedou Mukthar. "Le tourisme rural et la réduction de la pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965268.
Full textZakaria, Noor Aini. "Trade Barriers in Forest Industry between Malaysia and Europe." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605340.
Full textLoum, Papa. "La politique de décentralisation et les nouvelles stratégies de développement : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10038/document.
Full textFor almost twenty years, decentralization in its entirety remains a fact tin Senegal. Despite the country's many important publications on social sciences, very few studies have been carried out on this question. The accession to power of local councillors has deeply changed not only the relationships between actors, but also with the central State. Then, new tensions emerge, crystallizing around financial and budgetary resources and competence transfer. So the definition given by lawmakers and the State about jurisdictions and the prerogatives of local authorities is judged ambiguous. It follows from their proposals, prevarications and vagueness particularly concerning tax policy, town and country planning and land management. Though sometimes equivocal and other times innovatory, those remarks are to be considered in order to make real the development which is in the heart of the decentralization objectives. It comes down to an euphemism to infer that, in the prevailing state of the reforms, there is still a lot to do for the progress of true autonomy of local authorities and that of development strategy in Senegal. However, the current challenge of decentralization programmes does not confine itself to its only aspects; the institutional independence of local bodies requires being attentive to the local and sustainable development issue. Does this mean another myth to bear in mind ? In fact, we know that the settling of this other alternative may take very much time
Serra, Ricardo Goulart. "Perda de valor das empresas listadas na Bovespa durante a crise financeira de 2008: uma análise sob a perspectiva da modelagem hierárquica linear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-26092011-182843/.
Full textFew authors study the role of firms and industries\' characteristics in explaining stock\'s returns exclusively in periods of crisis. The scarcity of such studies can be considered an important gap in the academic literature, given the substantial losses that one can experience during such periods. The objective of this study is to identify firms and industries\' characteristics that explain the decline in prices of stocks of companies listed in Bovespa during the 2008 financial crisis. The crisis period chosen begins on May 20, 2008 (Ibovespa\'s peak) and ends on October 27, 2008 (Ibovespa\'s valley), representing a decline of 60%. 135 non-financial companies, with information available and after the exclusion of outliers were studied. A multilevel technique was adopted: Hierarchical Linear Models, to clearly address the interaction between the two levels involved in the analysis: firms (1st level: object) and industries (2nd level: context). Given the low utilization of this technique in studies in business administration, its adoption is also a differential of this study. The results indicate the relevance of the technique\'s choice. It was identified that (i) 76.9% of the total variability is due to firms\' characteristics and (ii) 23.1% of the total variability is due to industries\' characteristics. The final model explains 39.9% of the total variability. Firms\' characteristics that have significant influence on stock returns are: book / market (book value of equity / market value of equity), size and illiquidity. Industries\' characteristics that have significant influence on stock returns are: unlevered beta, historical sales growth and whether or not the industry has a regulated tariff. Finally, it was found that industries\' characteristic unlevered beta moderates the influence of the firms\' characteristic book / market in stock returns. In other words, slope coefficient for the firms\' characteristic book / market is different between industries, with the impact of the variable book / market on stock return being less pronounced for companies in sectors with high unlevered beta.
Ekouala, Landry. "Le développement durable et le secteur des pêches et de l'aquaculture au Gabon : une étude de la gestion durable des ressources halieutiques et leur écosystème dans les provinces de l'Estuaire et de l'Ogooué Maritime." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840968.
Full textCretté, Olivier. "L’incidence des facteurs socioculturels dans le reporting financier et le reporting sociétal : Un essai de comparaison entre la France et l’Allemagne." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0819/document.
Full textThis study, in the extension of researches aimed at harmonising accounting internationally (IAS/IFRS) and implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) indicators from a processual and “historical evolutional” angle, tends to differ from them by focusing on the means to analyse the information issued from financial (IAS/IFRS) and extra-financial (CSR) reporting released during the 2006-2010 period by the listed companies which compose the French and German stock market indexes respectively CAC40/SBF120 and DAX30/DAX100, and replacing an oftentimes inductive approach in this field with a hypothetical and deductive process. It compares the collected data on the one hand, and the needs of shareholders/investors and third parties as a whole on the other hand, on either side of the Rhine, on the basis of the theoretical frame of the agency theory and the stakeholder theory.The method employed, which is both quantitative and qualitative, aims to do as follows. First use of tools for measuring based on averages, medians and regression studies combining many variables essentially expressed in the form of accounting and financial ratios (IAS/IFRS); this measure extends to the listing of words occurrence in the extra-financial information supports (CSR and sustainability reports). Then question the administrative and financial managers in charge of the application of the IAS/IFRS referential and the managers responsible for the CSR and sustainability communication within these companies we selected with reference to matrixes based on the “fuzzy logic” theory tools. We do not investigate the influence of IAS/IFRS standards/CSR indicators neither on financial performance nor in terms of expected return on the capital asset. We can observe that our results show nuances of perception of IAS/IFRS standards and CSR goals in the financial and extra-financial reporting that are likely to be attributed to socio-cultural factors, and reflecting a governance much more aimed at shareholders in France than in Germany
Yeh, Chao-Fu. "Intermodalité et coûts des déplacements urbains dans les mégapoles. Les cas de Paris, Shanghai et Taipei." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424046.
Full textChamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194445.
Full textChamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)." Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS018S.
Full textThis thesis aims to appraise the relevance of using an hybrid top-down / bottom-up approach to evaluate mining projects in the perspective of sustainable development. With the advent of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development concepts, new social expectations have appeared towards companies that go beyond a sole requirement of profit-earning capacity. If companies do not answer to these expectations, they risk to lose their social legitimacy. Traditionally associated with social, environmental, economical and political impacts and risks, mining activity is particularly concerned by these new issues. Whereas mineral resources needs have never been so high, mining companies are now expected to limit their negative effects and to take into account their different audiences’ expectations in order to define, together, the terms of their social license to operate. Considering the diversity of issues, scales, actors and contexts, the challenge is real and necessitates tools to better understand issues and to structure dialogues. Based on the Uranium mines of Arlit (Niger) case study, this work shows that associating participatory approaches to structuring tools and literature propositions, appears as an efficient formula to better organise issues diversity and to build a structured dialogue between mining companies and their stakeholders. First Part aims to present the theoretical, institutional and sectorial contexts of the thesis. Second Part exposes work and results of the evaluation carried out in Niger. And, Third Part, shows the conclusions that can be derived from this work and presents a proposal for an evaluation framework, potentially applicable to other mining sites