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Journal articles on the topic 'Final consumption sector'
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Cahyono, Bambang Priyo, and Yusro Hakimah. "DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI, PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA, DAN KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI ENERGI FINAL DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ecoment Global 4, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35908/jeg.v4i2.751.
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This study investigates the impact of economic growth on three main development sectors, household final consumption expenditure, and trade openness towards the growth of final energy consumption in Indonesia using annual data for the period 1972-2016. We applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedures which consist of stationarity test, cointegration test, as well as estimation the short-term and long-term relationships. The cointegration test revealed existence cointegration<br />relationship among the variables in the model. In the short-term and long-term model, our results indicated that the growth of value-added in agriculture sector and industry sector, household final consumption expenditures, and trade openness in the short-term and long-term have a significant effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia, while the growth of value-added in the service sector only given a short-term effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia. Based on these<br />results, it can be concluded that sustainable economic development in Indonesia needs to be accompanied by the development of new and renewable energy in order to fulfil domestic energy supply which is predicted to continue to increase rapidly in the future.<br />Keyword : final energi consumption, economic development, household final consumption expenditure, trade openness, autoregressive distributed lag modeling<br />JEL Classification : D1, E21, F14, O13, Q43.
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Soares, Rogério Barbosa, Samiria Maria Oliveira da Silva, Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho, and Witalo de Lima Paiva. "Macroeconomic Accounting of Water Resources: An Input-Output Approach to Linkage Analysis and Impact Indicators Applied to the State of Ceará, Brazil." Water 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060869.
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This work aims to identify the key sectors of the economic structure, considering their water flows, and estimate each sector’s impact. The goal is to highlight systemic characteristics in the regional economy, establish water use priorities, and assess water security. Based on a regional input-output matrix, we use the following methodologies: the Rasmussen and Hirschman indices for the ‘forward and backward linkages’; simple multipliers of production, job, and income; and the elasticity of water consumption to final water demand. Thirty-two economic sectors and household consumption are analysed. From the elasticity of final water demand, we find that both trade and household consumption put more pressure on water consumption. Furthermore, a joint analysis of the applied methodologies shows that: (a) the trade sector is more relevant for the linkage of water flows, (b) the agriculture sector has the highest direct water consumption, and (c) the public administration sector has the highest intermediate water consumption.
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Miskinis, Vaclovas, Arvydas Galinis, Inga Konstantinaviciute, Vidas Lekavicius, and Eimantas Neniskis. "Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020521.
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The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.
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Quaglini, Giulio, Simon Pezzutto, Andrea Grotto, and Eric Wilczynski. "Assessment of Final Space Cooling Consumption in the European Transportation Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031491.
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The current study aims to investigate one of the most underexplored energy fields in scientific research, i.e., final energy consumption (FEC) of space cooling (SC) in the European (EU27+UK) transportation sector with 2019 as a baseline. The fundamentals of this study include a comprehensive literature review as well as the creation of a dataset characterized by completeness and reliability. Different essential input parameters have been investigated and the encountered data and information gaps have been filled. The transportation sector has been broken down into three main categories, namely, light, medium, and heavy vehicles. Throughout the EU27+UK, the number of vehicles, equivalent full load hours (EFLHs), system power capacities, and their related energy efficiency levels have been collected. The collected data and information have been computed and the EU27+UK FEC for space cooling in the transportation sector resulted in more than 125 TWh/year. It is worth underlining that the light vehicles category accounted for the majority of the total FEC, followed by the medium and heavy vehicle categories, respectively.
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Komarnicka, Anna, and Anna Murawska. "Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123714.
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The use of energy is a precondition for global economic and civilisational development. However, the growing demand for energy is depleting traditional energy resources and, most importantly, causing environmental pollution, mainly through the emission of greenhouse gases. As energy is necessary for the functioning of all sectors of the economy, such as industry, services, transport as well as households, these sectors are the largest contributors to energy consumption. Renewable energy sources are an alternative to generating energy from conventional fossil fuels. The main objective of this paper was to determine and compare the level, trends and variation in energy consumption by different economic sectors in countries of the European Union in 2010–2019. An analysis of the share of renewable energy consumption in different economic sectors was also carried out, as well as an assessment of the relationship of these indicators with the level of economic development of the countries and environmental impacts in the form of greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption. To explore the topics under discussion, a dozen of indicators have been considered in the article. The source of empirical data collected was the European Statistical Office. The researched period covered the years 2010–2019. The empirical data was statistically analysed. The article considers changes in the values of the studied indicators, differentiation between countries and the results of correlation and regression analysis. As shown by the data from 2010–2019, the countries of the European Union vary significantly in respect of primary and final energy consumption. The highest final energy consumption occurs in the transport sector, followed by slightly lower consumption in the industrial sector and households sector and the lowest but also significant consumption in the commercial and public services sector. Since 2010, total primary and final energy consumption has decreased in the EU (27) countries. Total energy consumption and consumption by individual sectors in modern economies of the EU (27) countries are reflected on the one hand in economic development and on the other—in exacerbation of adverse climate changes. Therefore, all EU Member States, aware of their energy consumption and their own contribution to environmental pollution, should take effective and sustainable corrective action in this area as soon as possible.
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Денисюк, С. П., Г. Г. Стрелкова, К. Ф. Пфайфер, М. Т. Стрелков, and О. С. Іщенко. "EUROPEAN TENDENCIES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY SECTOR AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.2.2018.147283.
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Mukherjee, Deeparghya. "Services traded for intermediate and final usage." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 459–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2016-0237.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and assess the trends of bilateral services trade in the world segmented by trade for final consumption and intermediate usage across several service sectors. The differential trends, if any, are studied while examining the role of free trade agreements which have a chapter on services trade as well as the role of services trade restrictions. The study unravels differences across service sectors in this respect. Design/methodology/approach The author uses an augmented gravity model to address the above using OECD- World Trade Organization (WTO) TiVA data for bilateral trade in intermediates and final products (October 2015 release) and World Bank Services Trade Restrictions Index (STRI). The poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimation technique is used in light of the structure of the data. Trade creating and diverting effects are identified controlling for time and country-time specific effects. The following sectors are specifically looked at: total business sector services, computer and related services, financial intermediation, post and telecommunication, transport and storage, R&D and other business services, hotels and restaurants, construction, and wholesale and retail trade. Findings First, services free trade agreements (FTAs) have had a trade creating impact with no trade diverting impact for services trade in aggregate with stronger effects on services traded for intermediate usage. Second, financial intermediation and post and telecommunication have been left unaffected by services FTAs. While no trade diversion is concluded for any sector, R&D and other business services, transport and storage and wholesale retail trade show maximum trade creation effects in response to FTAs. Third, trade restrictions of mainly OECD countries are responsible for lowering exports for most sectors. Finally, in terms of policy implications, at a general level, the author does not find a significant difference in the author’s results for services traded for intermediate usage or final consumption except for a stronger effect of FTAs on intermediate services trade. Hence, the policies to foster services trade on both counts are concluded to be the same and deal with behind-the-border policies of domestic industrial policy reforms like national treatment of foreign firms, licensing requirements, FDI policies, etc. Research limitations/implications Statistics for services trade are limited. The data are only available for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Additionally, the conclusions on services trade restrictions are based on statistics for 2011 alone, since this is the only year for which the statistics are available. A complete time series for the entire sample period would increase robustness of the study with a better time variant version of the trade restrictiveness variable. Finally, in the construction of the OECD-WTO-TiVA database of a world IO table, there may have been approximations in constructing statistics for services traded for intermediate usage and final consumption. The results remain sensitive to the same but this is the best possible statistics available for the purposes. Originality/value This is the first study which looks at services trade segmented by trade for final consumption and intermediate usage taking advantage of the available data for a number of service sectors. The role of restrictions is also studied for the first time segmented by trade in intermediates and final consumption. The stronger effects of FTAs on intermediate services trade as well as financial intermediation and post and telecommunication services being insulated from effects of FTAs are important findings, especially since services are mainly thought to be traded for final consumption. Similar trends of results for services traded for intermediate usage and final consumption and restrictions affecting exports from exporter countries and imports by importer countries highlight the importance of behind-the-border domestic policies in facilitating or inhibiting services trade on both counts and more importantly for intermediate usage which, in turn, would improve goods tradability.
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Teixeira, Cristiano André, Ana Paula Melo, Michele Fossati, and Roberto Lamberts. "Bottom-up modelling of electricity end-use consumption of the residential sector in Brazil." Ambiente Construído 22, no. 3 (September 2022): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212022000300611.
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Abstract Electricity consumption in the residential sector in Brazil has been increasing annually despite efforts to promote the energy efficiency of household appliances. One of the main goals for achieving more energy efficiency in dwellings is understanding its energy end uses. In this context, this paper presents a bottom-up model developed to analyse regional and national electricity end uses in the residential sector in Brazil based on a recent survey on Ownership of Appliances and Consumption Habits. The percentages of total electricity consumption associated with nine appliances (light bulbs, refrigerators, freezers, televisions, showers, microwaves, washing machines, fans, and air conditioners) were estimated. The values were obtained using the software EnergyPlus for air conditioners and electricity consumption equations for the other eight appliances. Results show that the proposed model gives reasonable estimates of electricity consumption, which were close to the values expected for most appliances. Regionally, the appliances for which ownership and pattern of use are influenced by the climate (electric showers, fans, and air conditioners) obtained the most significant variation in the percentage of electricity consumption.
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Leca, Aureliu. "Romania needs a strategy for thermal energy." Management & Marketing 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0001.
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Abstract The energy sector in Romania consists of three sub-sectors: electricity, natural gas and heat. Among these, the sub-sector of thermal energy is in the most precarious situation because it has been neglected for a long time. This sub-sector is particularly important both due to the amount of final heat consumption (of over 50% of final energy consumption), and to the fact that it has a direct negative effect on the population, industry and services. This paper presents the main directions for developing a modern strategy of the thermal energy sub-sector, which would fit into Romania’s Energy Strategy that is still in preparation This is based on the author’s 50 years of experience in this field that includes knowledge about the processes and the equipment of thermal energy, expertise in the management and restructuring of energy companies and also knowledge of the specific legislation. It is therefore recommended, following the European regulations and practices, the promotion and upgrading of district heating systems using efficient cogeneration, using trigeneration in Romania, modernizing buildings in terms of energy use, using of renewable energy sources for heating, especially biomass, and modernizing the energy consumption of rural settlements.
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Pezzutto, Simon, Giulio Quaglini, Philippe Riviere, Lukas Kranzl, Antonio Novelli, Andrea Zambito, Luigi Bottecchia, and Eric Wilczynski. "Space Cooling Market in Europe: Assessment of the Final Energy Consumption for the Year 2016." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052667.
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This study investigates Europe’s space cooling energy field. The work aims to assess the European Union (plus the United Kingdom) final energy consumption for space cooling in both the residential and service sectors with 2016 as a baseline. An extensive literature review of datasets and journal papers has been conducted to fill the knowledge gaps of the investigated energy branch. The European space cooling market is mainly dominated by vapour compression (VC) technologies which, in this study, have been grouped as room air conditioners (RACs) and centralized air conditioners (CACs). These technology groups have been investigated, and their installed capacities, energy efficiency levels (seasonal energy efficiency ratio—SEER), equivalent full load hours (EFLHs), and amount of space cooling units installed have been identified as essential parameters to calculate the final energy consumption for space cooling. Overall, the total value of the European final energy consumption for the space cooling sector, including both the residential and service sectors, results in 106 TWh/year.
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Geletukha, G. G., and T. A. Zheliezna. "GLOBAL PROSPECTS FOR BIOENERGY SECTOR." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2021.9.
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The aim of the work is to analyze some global scenarios for bioenergy development, including the development in certain sectors, as well as to identify priority areas for bioenergy in Ukraine. Today, bioenergy is a world leader in renewable energy, playing a significant role in replacing fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Over the last twenty years, the global primary energy supply from biomass and biofuels has tripled and reached more than 10% of the total primary energy supply, accounting for almost 70% of the contribution of all renewable sources. The International Renewable Energy Agency predicts that by 2050, renewable energy sources could account for 60% or more of the total final energy consumption of many countries. The share of biomass in the global final consumption of renewable energy might be almost half in 2030 and 40% in 2050. According to the International Energy Agency, starting from 2030, one can expect to use only modern bioenergy technologies with increasing consumption of modern biomass up to about 100 EJ in 2050. For Ukraine, the priority areas seem to be combined heat and power production from biomass, as well as production of biomethane for the direct replacement of natural gas and carbon-neutral balancing of the energy system with a high share of renewable sources. For the thermal energy sector, the introduction of modern boilers and CHP plants running mainly on agricultural biomass is recommended. For the transport sector, prospects are the production of first and second generation liquid biofuels, as well as biomethane from biomass obtained in compliance with sustainability criteria.
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Antonenko, Viacheslav, and Sofiia Levinska. "Biomass consumption in residential sector of Ukraine in 2007–2016." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911202006.
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Residential sector plays a decisive role in the bioenergy sector growth in Ukraine. Larger half of biomass used by households comes from so-called self-production, which is problematic for the statistical monitoring. State Statistics do not publish detailed fuel mix reports on regional level. In this article we are providing a detailed data on fuel mix used by the households at regional level during 2007– 2016 and determine the biofuel self-production amount. The facilities that are direct emission sources and are the final fuel consumers, including individual heating/hot water boilers/stoves out of district heating system and individual cookers are considered in detail.
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Isa, Ilva, Bederiana Shyti, and Kamen Spassov. "Multiple Regression Analysis used in Analysis of Private Consumption and Public Final Consumption Evolution, case of Albanian Economy." European Journal of Marketing and Economics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v3i1.p48-53.
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This paper approaches the evolution of the final consumption recorded at the level of Albanian economy. According to statistical methodology the public and private consumption are two of the components of the final consumption. The main variable of our study is final consumption, which is set to be influenced by at least two independent variables, such as public and private consumption. Lately, Albanian economy has been presented with a new and different macro economic policy, a new form of partnership of investments between public and private sector. We are highly interested in the impact of these changes on final consumption .The correlation between the main parameter and its influence factors is analyzed through a regression model. Eviews is the software that the data will be processed under standard methods. The model and the results are part of the paper. To be emphasized is that the reliability of the multiple regression model does not exclude the possibility to analyze the single correlation between the parameters, in parallel.
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TAN, Xin, Zijian ZHAO, Changyi LIU, Shining ZHANG, Xing CHEN, Fangxin HOU, Fang YANG, and Fei GUO. "Energy Demand Prediction of the Building Sector Based on Induced Kernel Method and MESSAGEix Model." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 07, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748119500167.
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The building sector, including resident, commercial and public services, is one of the most energy-intensive sectors nowadays. The share of buildings’ energy consumption in the final energy dramatically increases in various scenarios. As the preliminary work of the final energy prediction, the prediction of useful energy demand of the building sector is essential in the fields of energy-related research, especially for the scenarios design. To this end, this paper presents the prediction of energy demand in the building sector based on the Induced Kernel Method (IKM) for the useful energy. First, similar to other learning-based prediction methods, a database is constructed for the training. Specifically, the database contains not only the historical data of the useful energy demand and related indicators, but also some development templates to induce the prediction. Second, the detailed process is mathematically deduced to predict the useful energy demand components of the building sector, including electricity and heating. Finally, using various countries as examples, prediction results of the useful energy are presented in the numerical analysis. Furthermore, by using useful energy prediction results as the input of the MESSAGEix model, the paper further predicts global final energy of the building sector.
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Molocchi, Andrea. "From production to consumption: An inter-sectoral analysis of air emissions external costs in Italy." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (May 2021): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2020-002007.
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Aim of the paper is to attempt an estimate of the air emissions external costs related to activity sectors in Italy with both a production and demand perspective and to explore possible appli-cations of the approach in public policies. This is done by adopting an environmentally ex-tended national input-output modelling (about 20 substances are covered, among which CO2 emissions) and law recognized methods for calculating air emissions external costs in Italy. The external costs resulting from this exercise on 2015 emissions sum up to € 77.4 billion, € 51.7 billion of which are related to all economy sectors of activity, while € 25.7 billion are due to household activities. Total external costs of air emissions embodied in final demand sum up to 53.0 billion euro in 2015 if total activated production is considered (including external costs embodied in imports), while they decrease to 36.1 billion euro if only domestic activated pro-duction is considered (assuming zero external costs embodied in imports). The specific exter-nal costs embodied in final demand, calculated for each sector through input-output analysis, are then compared with the specific external costs of direct emissions of the same sector pro-duction, highlighting the additional information provided by input-output analysis: many branches with relatively low direct external costs show much higher external costs when the supply chain branches are included in the assessment. A final chapter discusses the main poli-cy application areas of the suggested approach, focusing particularly on national environmental fiscal reform, company level environmental management, public investments planning and sustainable finance.
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Radchenko, S. V. "ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF FUEL BY HOUSEHOLDS AND NON-INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.4.2018.11.
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Purpose of the paper is to analyze the available statistical data on fuel consumption by population in every region of Ukraine. To identify similarities and differences in development trends the comparison of structure of final energy consumption in Ukraine and the world was done. The degree of distribution of individual heating systems in urban settlements and rural areas in 2015 is determined. Analysis of the use of the main types of fuel by households sector in regions of Ukraine is performed. The amount of fuel consumed by the population does not linearly depend on the share of individual heating systems in the region (this was shown by an example), therefore to develop strategy for extending the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the households more factors will need to be considered. Ukrainian and world energy balance data for 2015 (item “Other” which includes residential sector, commerce and public services, agriculture, fishing, other consumers) on the consumption of four main types of fuel (coal and peat, oil products, natural gas, biofuels and waste) were compared. It was concluded that in Ukraine the proportion of basic fuels consumption corresponds to world trends. However, after analyzing the distribution of total final energy consumption certain differences were observed. Analysis of renewable energy sources use by sectors has demonstrated that the residential sector is the leader in renewable energy sources consumption both in the world and in Ukraine. In Ukraine statistical data on biofuel consumption is mainly based on information about firewood and wood biomass consumption. This explains the higher percentage of biofuel consumption in forested areas. It should also be noted that in Ukraine 32% of the wood used by population was sold to households by enterprises and 68% was obtained from self-preparation. Over the past decade consumption of biomass fuel for household needs in Ukraine has doubled, and it is increasingly replacing coal fuel, thus exerting a positive impact on the environment.
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Krarti, Moncef. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224279.
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The paper overviews the current energy demand trends in the building sector for the Arab region using reported historical energy consumption. Moreover, the paper describes the current energy efficiency policies and regulations for all the Arab countries specific to both residential and commercial buildings. Finally, the paper evaluates potential benefits for large-scale energy efficiency programs specific to new and existing building stocks within the Arab region using a bottom-up analysis approach. The analysis of the available energy consumption for all the Arab countries has shown that the Arab region presents a significant variation in energy consumption levels between its sub-regions and countries. Indeed, the Arab region includes oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia with the largest energy use per capita in the World with over 9000 kWh/person of electricity used annually in buildings. However, the same region has the least developed countries such as Sudan and Yemen with the lowest energy use per capita in the World with barely 100 kWh/person/year of electrical consumption. The review of the existing regulations has indicated that several Arab countries have not implemented any energy efficiency codes and standards for building envelope, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances. A cost-effectiveness analysis has indicated that the Arab region can incur significant benefits in upgrading the energy efficiency of its new and existing buildings especially its households. Specifically, the adoption and the enforcement of stringent energy efficiency codes for new residential and commercial buildings can result in a reduction of 12.7 TWh/year in final annual energy consumption for the Arab region. Moreover, retrofit programs targeting existing buildings can save up to 470 TWh or a third of the building sector final energy consumption per year after 2030. Combining comprehensive energy efficiency requirements for new buildings and extensive retrofit programs for existing buildings would reduce the total final energy consumption of the building sector in the Arab region by 600 TWh by 2030 and by 900 TWh by 2050 if all the energy programs start to be implemented by 2020.
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Bakinezos, Constantina, Stelios Panagiotou, and Evangelia Vourvachaki. "Multiplier effects by sector: an input-output analysis of the Greek economy." Economic bulletin, no. 52 (December 2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52903/econbull20205201.
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This study presents sectoral output, gross value added and employment multipliers for the Greek economy based on the most recent Input-Output tables of 2015, which were compiled according to the European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010. Our analysis utilises the Leontief model, in both the “open” and “closed” variations with respect to households’ consumption, which allows to assess, at a disaggregated sectoral level, the direct and indirect production effects, as well as the induced consumption effects caused by exogenous changes in the final demand of each sector. The multipliers offer an up-to-date and systematic ranking of sectors according to their economy-wide potential impact owing to their technological features and inter-sectoral linkages.
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Meftah Nabil and Mahri Zine Labidine. "Application Efficiency Measures Through TRNSYS Software on Algerian Building to Save Energy." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 93, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.93.2.160172.
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In Algeria, the building sector is the biggest energy consumer. In 2020, the total final energy consumption absorbed by the building is near 42%, the shares of the residential and tertiary sectors are 36% and 7%, respectively. This high consumption argued the Algerian government to put the building sector in the first priority target in terms of energy efficiency action. Add to this, the Algerian authorities set a goal of reducing energy consumption by 15% by 2030. To concretize this goal, the government concentrates its efforts to develop thermal insulation and ameliorate the quality of windows. Moreover, several attempts are assumed to create new versions of Thermal Regulation (RT) for building RT2016, which should be revised in 2022. To this end, the present work aims to evaluate the thermal regulation of building RT2016, and to identify the weaknesses point of this RT. Simulations are fulfilled using TRNSYS for a building that conforms to the requirement of this RT.
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Donati, Franco, and Arnold Tukker. "Environmental Pressures and Value Added Related to Imports and Exports of the Dutch Agricultural Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 6057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106057.
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This study shows the environmental impacts and economic performance due to agricultural trade through The Netherlands. Using the demand-driven input–output model and the database EXIOBASE (2011), we first analysed the environmental impacts and value added directly generated abroad by the agricultural sector through imported final consumption in The Netherlands; we then compared the environmental impacts and value added generated in The Netherlands by the agricultural sector due to exports to other countries. The results show that the Dutch consumption of imported agricultural products had significant greenhouse gas emissions of 19,386 kt CO2-eq, land use of 280,525 km2 and water consumption of 50,373 M.m3, while impacts in The Netherlands due to agricultural exports amounted, respectively, to 13,022 kt CO2-eq, 9282 km2 and 3339 M.m3. At the same time, we found that Dutch agricultural production had a higher value added to pressure ratio than abroad. These differences highlight the great dependency of Dutch final consumption on foreign natural resources, a significant trade imbalance for environmental impacts with relatively smaller economic benefits for countries exporting to The Netherlands. With these results, we suggest that it is of great importance that sustainability policies for the agricultural sector not only address environmental impacts domestically but also impacts and value creation abroad.
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Jaunzems, Dzintars, Ieva Pakere, Signe Allena-Ozoliņa, Ritvars Freimanis, Andra Blumberga, and Gatis Bažbauers. "Adaptation of TIMES Model Structure to Industrial, Commercial and Residential Sectors." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0023.
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AbstractNational energy sector management differs from country to country. Therefore, it is important to develop country-specific energy models to analyse the energy demand, structure and potential policy instruments. The paper presents a pathway for adaption and improvement of the standard TIMES model structure to the specific country requirements. The analysis is based on a three-sector (industrial, commercial and residential) case study of Latvia. Literature review presents experience of other research when developing different energy models as well as adapting the TIMES model structure. The main results show a distribution of the final energy consumption and the validation of the obtained results of the sectors studied. Method and intermediate results presented in the paper are part of an ongoing modelling process of Latvia’s energy sector.
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Greco, Carlo, Alessandro Campiotti, Arianna Latini, Alessandro Agnello, Eglè Jotautiene, and Michele Massimo Mammano. "Innovation for the Italian agricultural and food industry sector." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2019-002-s1008.
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The food industry is one of the largest energy consumers in the world, with 95 EJ/year. In this context, in Europe the amount of energy needed to cultivate, process, package and bring food to the homes of citizens reached 285 Mtoe in 2015, of which 14 Mtoe due to the Italian agricultural and food system. With the aim of favoring a drastic reduction in energy consumption, the European Commission, and the main international agencies, ie: FAO, OECD, UN over the last decade have aligned on the need to develop policies to support energy efficiency, renewable energies and sustainable technologies in order to minimize the use of fossil fuels and to reduce the final energy consumption, especially in the main energy-intensive sectors as industry and construction, but also with regards to agriculture and food industry sector. This work is focused on the agricultural and food system in Italy, of which the energy consumption and efficiency measures, the renewable energy use, and the new consumer trends for a sustainable agrofood system, are briefly analyzed.
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Tippichai, Atit, and Chanidaporn Lunsamrong. "Energy Demand Modeling for the Eastern Economic Corridor of Thailand: A Case Study of Rayong Province." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12884.
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This paper assesses long-term energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Rayong Province which is one of the three provinces in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand. LEAP (the Low Emissions Analysis Platform) is used to project final energy demand for each economic sector by using the 2019 data as a base year. In the model, we defined the energy consumption into two scenarios; a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and a low carbon scenario (LCS), to see different energy demand and CO2 emissions up to the year 2050. There are different assumptions between BAU and LCS in each sector such as energy efficiency improvement, shift to modern energy, the share of high energy-efficient vehicles, etc. In the BAU scenario, the final energy consumption needed by Rayong Province will increase with an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 3.49%, while only 1.52% for the LCS. CO2 emissions in the LCS will be reduced by 41.7% by 2050 when compared with the BAU scenario. Most interestingly, even though energy demand in Rayong Province will be increasing up to 2050, CO2 emissions will peak about 2035 and then reduce. The industry and transport sectors are the most final energy consumption and the highest CO2 emissions. This is because EEC is driven by a production-based economy. The solution for this is to transform to alternative energies sourcing, shift all productions to sustainable ones, restructure the industrial estate to become the eco-industrial and GHG emissions management, which will also result in obvious carbon reduction. This kind of information will be beneficial to energy demand conservation and GHG emission mitigation at the provincial level which will depend on the energy policies initiated and implemented in the future.
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Borozan, Djula, and Dubravka Pekanov Starcevic. "Unveiling the factors affecting final electricity consumption: does the regional component matter?" International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-10-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the developments in final electricity consumption, estimate the portions of changes that can be attributed to national, sectoral or regional factors, and to investigate determinants of the regional component (RC) in Croatia at the subnational level in the period 2001-2013. Design/methodology/approach In the first stage, the dynamic shift-share method is used to decompose final electricity consumption, and then, in the second stage, the panel population-averaged logit model is conducted to find the main determinants of the extracted RC. Findings The results show that both the sectoral factor and the regional factor are responsible for an increase in electricity consumption over the period considered, whereby the regional specificities had a larger impact in general. Thereby, the most developed regions, including the tourism-oriented ones, exhibited the largest average increase in electricity consumption mainly due to positive effects of the regional-specific factors, while the negative effects of these factors were mainly responsible for low average rates of changes in electricity consumption in less developed regions. Practical implications The results suggest that regional-specific energy conservation programs might be more effective in improving energy efficiency than the sector-oriented ones, as well as that socio-economic and contextual determinants matter when it comes to the probability of having a positive regional effect on the electricity consumption rate. Originality/value The paper investigated the determinants of the extracted RC which has not yet been addressed in the energy economics literature.
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Sutthichaimethee, Pruethsan, and Kuskana Kubaha. "The Efficiency of Long-Term Forecasting Model on Final Energy Consumption in Thailand’s Petroleum Industries Sector: Enriching the LT-ARIMAXS Model under a Sustainability Policy." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082063.
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Presently, Thailand runs various sustainable development-based policies to boost the growth in economy, society, and environment. In this study, the economic and social growth was found to continuously increase and negatively deteriorate the environment at the same time due to a more massive final energy consumption in the petroleum industries sector than any other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to establish national planning and it requires an effective forecasting model to support Thailand’s policy-making. This study aimed to construct a forecasting model for a final energy consumption prediction in Thailand’s petroleum industry sector for a longer-term (2018–2037) at a maximum efficiency from a certain class of methods. The Long Term-Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogeneous variables and Error Correction Mechanism model (LT-ARIMAXS model) (p, d, q, Xi, ECT(t−1)) was adapted from the autoregressive and moving average model incorporating influential variables together in both long-term relationships to produce the best model for prediction performance. All relevant variables in the model are stationary at Level I(0) or Level I(1). In terms of the extraneous variables, they consist of per capita GDP, population growth, oil price, energy intensity, urbanization rate, industrial structure, and net exports. The study found that the variables used are the causal factors and stationary at the first difference as well as co-integrated. With such features, it reflects that the variables are influential over the final energy consumption. The LT-ARIMAXS model (2,1,2) determined a proper period (t − i) through a white noise process with the Q test statistical method. It shows that the LT-ARIMAXS model (2,1,2) does not generate the issues of heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation. The performance of LT-ARIMAXS model (2,1,2) was tested based on the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The LT-ARIMAXS model (2,1,2) can predict the final energy consumption based on the Sustainable Development Plan for the 20 years from 2018 to 2037. The results showed that the final energy consumption continues to increase steadily by 121,461 ktoe in 2037. Furthermore, the findings present that the growth rate (2037/2017) increases by 109.8%, which is not in line with Thailand’s reduction policy. In this study, the MAPE was valued at 0.97% and RMSE was valued at 2.12% when compared to the other old models. Therefore, the LT-ARIMAXS model (2,1,2) can be useful and appropriate for policy-making to achieve sustainability.
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Falconi, Pietro. "The Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Policies in the Building Sector: A Regional Analysis Based on the Stochastic Frontier Approach and on the Energy Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Policy Implications." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-441.
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The promotion of the Energy Efficiency is one of the priorities of EU energy policy to fight the Climate Change and make Europe climate neutral by 2050 (EC 2020). The civil sector offers high potential for energy efficiency improvement and the buildings are responsible for about 40% of the EU's energy consumption, and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions (EC 2020). In Italy the civil sector (residential and tertiary together), are responsible for approximately 45% of final energy consumption and 17.5% of Italy's CO2 emissions, has a potential in reducing energy consumption of approximately 5,7 Mtoe compared to the base scenario in 2030. The core research question is: “Are national and local energy efficiency policies effective in reducing aggregate energy consumption at regional level in the civil sector?” From the policy maker’s point of view, it is important to understand the effectiveness of the policy instruments introduced to promote energy efficiency. The research framework is based on the frontier analysis and its main objective is to econometrically estimate for the period 2010 to 2017 the energy efficiency level for the civil sector in the Italy regions. The estimates confirm the effectiveness of policy instruments, represented by tax deductions and economic incentives, in creating high potential for energy savings from reduced inefficiency in the civil sector.
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Hartono, Djoni. "Peran Sektor Jasa terhadap Perekonomian DKI Jakarta: Analisis Input-Output." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v4i1.132.
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During the development of any transormation will put the services while leaving the primary and diminishing share. Using Input-Output model, we analyse the possibilities of making DKI Jakarta as services town. Based on total forward, total backward linkage and other analysis output, we conform the highest role of services sector in this province. We also find that the final demand for services sector is higher than its intermediate demand, showing this product of this sector is mainly used for direct consumption.
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Kislenko, N. A., I. S. Kopylova, and N. V. Malanicheva. "CONSIDERATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL AT THE LEVEL OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES AND REGIONS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (October 26, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-9-125-130.
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An approach to the allocation of economic and macroeconomic factors, affecting the final energy consumption, taking into account the seasonal unevenness of industrial production and the inertia of changes in the production of final products relative to the consumption of energy required for their production, has been considered in the article. In addition, factors have been reviewed not only at the end of the value chain on the basis of gas-consuming industries, but also taking into account the indicators of the raw material sector of the economy, which determines the beginning of the value chain.
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Tsemekidi Tzeiranaki, Sofia, Paolo Bertoldi, Francesca Diluiso, Luca Castellazzi, Marina Economidou, Nicola Labanca, Tiago Ribeiro Serrenho, and Paolo Zangheri. "Analysis of the EU Residential Energy Consumption: Trends and Determinants." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061065.
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This article analyses the status and trends of the European Union (EU) residential energy consumption in light of the energy consumption targets set by the EU 2020 and 2030 energy and climate strategies. It assesses the energy efficiency progress from 2000 to 2016, using the official Eurostat data. In 2016, the residential energy consumption amounted to 25.71% of the EU’s final energy consumption, representing the second largest consuming sector after transport. Consumption-related data are discussed together with data on some main energy efficiency policies and energy consumption determinants, such as economic and population growth, weather conditions, and household and building characteristics. Indicators are identified to show the impact of specific determinants on energy consumption and a new indicator is proposed, drawing a closer link between energy trends and policy and technological changes in the sector. The analysis of these determinants highlights the complex dynamics behind the demand of energy in the residential sector. Decomposition analysis is carried out using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index technique to provide a more complete picture of the impact of various determinants (population, wealth, intensity, and weather) on the latest EU-28 residential energy consumption trends. The article provides a better understanding of the EU residential energy consumption, its drivers, the impact of current policies, and recommendations on future policies.
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Izmailovich, S., E. Lisichonak, and V. Kameka. "Methodological justification for assessment of the housing stock energy efficiency in belarusian regions." Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences 1, no. 5 (May 24, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2022-60-5-33-38.
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The necessity of ensuring the energy efficiency of the Belarusian economy at the present stage is substantiated. The indicators characterizing the level of consumption of fuel and energy resources and the impact of their consumption on the environment are calculated. It is proved that the main direction of the development of the regions of the Republic of Belarus should be to reduce the consumption of fuel resources and emissions. The structure of the final consumption of fuel and energy resources by economic sectors is analyzed. It is revealed that increasing energy efficiency in the residential sector can significantly reduce the energy burden on the region. It is proposed to use a system of indicators to assess the level of energy efficiency, which includes technical, financial, economic, environmental groups of indicators. Unlike the previously proposed groups of indicators, the system developed by the authors includes environmental indicators. The relevance of their study is due to regional and sectoral features.
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Mangsor, Nur Azzlin, and Low Sheau-Ting. "ENERGY KNOWLEDGE IN INFLUENCING HOUSEHOLD’S ENERGY CONSERVATION BEHAVIOUR." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 6, no. 26 (December 1, 2021): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.626019.
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Malaysia needs to ensure stable energy consumption to improve environmental quality and energy security. The increasing trend of the country’s population growth and economic development are parallel with the country’s overall energy demand. The building sector, commercial and residential sector has contributed to more than 12% of the country's final energy consumption in the year 2018. The energy demand from the household sector is on an increasing trend. The residential sector is responsible for the increasing trend of energy consumption with the improvement of lifestyle and living standards. Variation in residents’ behaviour can cause significant differences in energy consumption due to dwellings, household size, income, and building energy consumption. Past studies have shown the identification of the relevant psychological factors that formulating energy conservation behaviour contributed to household energy consumption reduction. By focusing on the psychological dimension, this study explores the role of energy knowledge in influencing energy conservation behaviour among households in Malaysia. Energy knowledge is about the household’s understanding in the context of energy-saving and consumption. Despite massive information and awareness of climate change about the contribution of climate change from household energy consumption, many households still do not practice energy conservation actively. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study found that energy knowledge plays an essential role in influencing household energy conservation behaviour. The findings of this study could help the institutions and relevant authorities to gain a better understanding of the role of energy knowledge as one of the psychological factors in household energy conservation behaviour.
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Sutthichaimethee, Jindamas, and Kuskana Kubaha. "The Relationship of Causal Factors Affecting the Future Equilibrium Change of Total Final Energy Consumption in Thailand’s Construction Sector under a Sustainable Development Goal: Enriching the SE-VARX Model." Resources 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010001.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of the relationship between causal factors that affect the future equilibrium of the total final energy consumption in the construction sector of Thailand under the sustainable development policy for the period of 10 years (2019–2028). This analysis was achieved with the application of the Structure Equilibrium-Vector Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables model (SE-VARX model). This model was developed to fill research gaps and differs from those of previous studies. In the selection of variables, the study focused on Sustainable Development (SD)-based variables available through the lens of Thailand. The exogenous variables included real GDP, population growth, urbanization rate, industrial structure, oil price, foreign direct investment, international tourist arrivals, and total exports and imports. Every variable had a co-integration at level (1) and was used to structure the SE-VARX model. This particular model can effectively analyze the influence of the direct relationship and meet the criteria of goodness of fit without spuriousness. This SE-VARX model allowed us to discover that every variable in the model had an influence on the equilibrium change, where the real GDP is the fastest variable to adjust to the equilibrium while the total final energy consumption has the slowest adjustment ability. The SE-VARX model can be used to project the total final energy consumption, as verified by the performance test result. The test was measured based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and their results were 1.09% and 1.01%, respectively. This performance result had the highest value compared to other models in the past. Thus, the SE-VARX model is suitable for forecasting over the next 10 years (2019–2038). The results of this study reveal that the total final energy consumption in the construction sector of Thailand will exhibit a continuously increasing growth rate from 2019 to 2028, amounting to about 144.29% or equivalent to 364.01 ktoe. In addition, the study also found that future government plans may be difficult to achieve as planned. Therefore, the introduced model should be integrated into national development planning and strategies to achieve sustainable development in the future and to enable its application to other sectors.
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Dhani Setyawan. "Decomposing the Influencing Factors of Energy Intensity in the Passenger Transportation Sector in Indonesia." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.3.49-58.
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Indonesia's transport sector has experienced rapid growth that has caused excessive fossil fuel energy consumption. Over 2000 to 2016 total final energy consumption in Indonesia’s transport sector has grown by 10% per annum so that transport now provides a large and rapidly growing component of total energy use. This study analyzes the specific characteristics of energy intensity in the transportation sector in Indonesia from 2000 to 2016 by employing a multiplicative Log Mean Divisia Index-II. The passenger transport sector in Indonesia, including the four modes of road, rail, water and air is examined in this study. Overall, the decline in energy intensity in passenger transport is attributed to the intensity effect. In passenger transport, the improvement of intensity effect was found to have significantly reduced the overall aggregate energy intensity, while the change in structural effect was found to have a relatively small reduction in the aggregate energy intensity.
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Zheliezna, T. A., and A. I. Bashtovyi. "ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN TRENDS OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.3.2018.09.
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Purpose of the paper is to analyze main trends of bioenergy development in the EU, identify successful examples and existing problems and also to suggest some recommendations on implementing the best European practices in Ukraine’s bioenergy sector. State of the art and prospects for the development of bioenergy in the EU-28 until 2030 are presented. It is shown that bioenergy is an important part of European Union’s energy sector and the biggest contributor to renewable energy production. The EU is getting on quite well with achieving its RES 2020 targets set by the Directive 2009/28/EС. By now at least ten counties have already attained their obligatory share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption. According to expert estimation, under further pursuing of the favourable policy, the present share of RES in EU’s energy consumption may double and reach about 34% in 2030. Main features of bioenergy part in different EU’s energy production and consumption sectors are analyzed. Traditionally, in the EU, biomass contributes mostly to heat production and its leading part among other RES in the sector is expected to remain beyond 2020. The situation in Ukraine is in line with this trend. The difference is that in the EU most part of heat is produced combined with power, and in Ukraine there are few biomass CHP plants. Besides, power production from biomass is behind other RES in Ukraine in contrast with the EU. Based on the main trends existing in the EU, one can recommend the priority development of biomass CHP to Ukraine and also some higher contribution of biomass to power production compared with other RES. In addition it is suggested that Ukraine should pay more attention to the production and consumption of second generation biofuels and implementation of sustainability criteria in the bioenergy sector.
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Bányai, O. "The European Union regulation concerning the energy consumption of buildings — an ecological point of view." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.4.2013.2.3.
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Abstract Taking into consideration that more than 40% of the final energy consumption of the EU stems from the residential and commercial building sector, it is not surprising that the community-level regulation strongly focuses on these sectors (Eurostat, 2011). In respect to buildings’ energy performance, the European Parliament and the Council Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings requires from Member States (hereinafter: MS) to ensure that, by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are to be nearly ‘zero-energy’ buildings. Furthermore, MSs shall ensure that energy performance certificates are to be issued for buildings constructed, sold or rented out to a new tenant. Although the concerning regulation is being developed in the right way, several corrections are still required from an ecological point of view.
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Sumantika, Arsyad, Ganda Sirait, Elva Susanti, and Welly Sugianto. "ANALISIS FUNDAMENTAL DAN NILAI INTRINSIK PERUSAHAAN BERBASIS SEKTOR INDUSTRI KONSUMSI." JURNAL REKAYASA SISTEM INDUSTRI 7, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/jrsi.v7i1.4538.
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One of the goals of investment is to get a benefit in the form of profits and funds saved. Based on official data compiled on the IDX's official website, company shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange can be divided into 9 sectors, one of which is consumption industry. The consumption sector is a general sector used by the general public consisting of the food and beverages, the pharmaceuticals, househol, and houseware sector. Investors must choose which shares to buy or sell. Investors can analyze a stock using fundamental and intrinsic analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze issuers that have the 10 largest market capital in the industrial consumption sector, then analyze the performance of issuers using a fundamental approach EPS, PE Ratio, Price to Sales, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Capital Employed, and Interest Coverage. The final stage is to determine the undervalued and overvalued companies using 4th quarter 2020. Based on 10 companies that have the largest market capital in the consumer industry sector (UNVR, HMSP, ICBP, KLBF, GGRM, MYOR, INDF, SIDO, MLBI, and KAEF) can be concluded that (1) The highest EPS ratio is GGRM and the lowest is KAEF, the lowest PER Ratio is GGRM and the highest is KAEF, the lowest PS Ratio is KAEF and the highest is UNVR, the highest ROA ratio is MLBI and the lowest is KAEF, the highest ROE ratio is MLBI and the lowest is KAEF , the highest ROCE ratio is MLBI and the lowest is KAEF, the highest IC ratio is HMSP and the lowest is KAEF; and (2) There are 2 issuers in the undervalued category, namely GGRM and HMSP; while included in the overvalued category is KAEF.
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Simionescu, Mihaela, Wadim Strielkowski, and Manuela Tvaronavičienė. "Renewable Energy in Final Energy Consumption and Income in the EU-28 Countries." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092280.
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The deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) is considered to be an important objective for the energy sector in the European Union (EU). The EU Directive adapted in 2009 fixed mandatory national targets for the use of renewable energy in transport as well as for the share of RES in the gross final energy consumption. Contrary to previous studies, this paper does not examine the link between the RES and economic growth but rather focuses on real gross domestic product (GDP) and the implementation of national renewable energy targets. We employ panel data models for the case of the EU-28 countries covering the period between 2007 and 2017 that yield a low and positive relationship between the impact of GDP per capita and the share of RES in the final consumption. Our results show that there is a significant causality only from real GDP per capita to the share of renewable energy in final consumption, marking the potential of developed countries to consume more RES. We list some groups of countries according to these variables using a cluster analysis approach. Starting from the proposed panel data models, we constructed the scenarios for the 2020 for various shares of RES and different EU Member States. Overall, it appears that more attention should be attributed to policy proposals in which funding opportunities would be dependent on the achievements of national targets and economic benefits should be given to countries with very good performance in achieving high shares of renewable energy in their final energy consumption.
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Dai, Yating, Jian Cheng, and Daolin Zhu. "Understanding the Impact of Land Supply Structure on Low Consumption: Empirical Evidence from China." Land 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040516.
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In studies of low consumption in China, there is a lack of consideration of land policy, which may be an important factor contributing to the industrial structure, thus impacting consumption. This paper explores the relationship between local governments’ distorted land supply strategies and final consumption and its mechanism of action based on panel data for 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017, using a fixed-effects panel model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that (1) the ratio of industrial land supply area to the land supply area of commercial and residential significantly suppresses the final consumption rate, and the results remain significant after robustness tests; (2) the effect of land supply structure on final consumption is related to the development strategy adopted by local governments and the urban–rural inequity, thus showing heterogeneity, with regions with high economic growth and large urban–rural income gaps further contributing to the suppression of consumption rates; (3) the intermediation effect suggests that the structure of land supply affects consumption through the industrial structure. As land supply favors the development of industrial enterprises, it increases the ratio of gross capital formation to GDP and can have a crowding-out effect on the income of the household sector, thus reducing the rate of final consumption. Under the Chinese decentralization system, in order to achieve regional economic development, local governments intervene in the allocation of land resources among different industries through differentiated land supply strategies, resulting in an industrial structure dominated by the secondary industry, which has an important impact on consumption. Therefore, the reform of the land supply structure should be accelerated to restrain the excessive intervention of local governments in the land supply structure and promote the transformation of the economic development model to enhance consumption.
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Zvimba, John N., and Eustina V. Musvoto. "Modelling energy efficiency and generation potential in the South African wastewater services sector." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.157.
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Abstract About 55% of energy used in the South African water cycle is for wastewater treatment, with the bulk of this energy associated with aeration in biological processes. However, up to 15% of wastewater energy demand can be offset by energy generation from sludge (power and/or combined heat and power), while best practices adoption can deliver energy efficiency gains of between 5% and 25% in the water cycle. Advanced process modelling and simulation has been applied in this study as a tool to evaluate optimal process and aeration control strategies. This study further applied advanced modelling to investigate and predict the potential energy consumption and consumption cost pattern by the South African wastewater sector resulting from implementation of optimal process and aeration energy use reduction strategies in support of sustainable municipal wastewater management. Aeration energy consumption and cost savings of 9–45% were demonstrated to be achievable through implementation of energy conservation measures without compromising final effluent regulatory compliance. The study further provided significant potential future energy savings as high as 50% and 78% through implementation of simple and complex aeration energy conservation measures respectively. Generally, the model-predicted energy savings suggest that adoption of energy efficiency should be coupled with electricity generation from sludge in order to achieve maximum energy consumption and cost savings within the South African wastewater services sector.
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Victorovna Morozova, Tatiana, Reza Alayi, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Mohsen Sharifpur, and Yaser Ebazadeh. "Investigation and Optimization of the Performance of Energy Systems in the Textile Industry by Using CHP Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031551.
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With the general progression of small communities toward greater industrialization, energy consumption in this sector has increased. The continued growth of energy consumption seen in Iran, along with the low efficiency of production, transmission, and the distribution of energy, has led to the projection of an unfavorable future for this sector. The purpose of this study is to reduce fuel consumption and increase system efficiency by considering the optimal position of the turbine. In this regard, turbine modeling has been performed by considering different positioning scenarios. Afterward, the result from applying each scenario was compared with another scenario in terms of the parameters of electrical energy production, gas consumption, the final energy produced by the system, and the ratio of energy produced to overall gas consumption. After comparing different scenarios, considering all 4 parameters, Scenario 7 was selected as the most suitable positioning for gas turbine placement. Scenario 7 showed the highest gas consumption; of course, high power generation is the most desirable, the most reliable and, ultimately, the most profitable outcome of energy production. According to our results, the amount of electrical energy produced in the selected scenario is 4,991,160.3 kWh; the gas consumption in this case is 0.22972 kg/s.
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Kabul Paminto, Ari. "ANALISIS DAN PROYEKSI KEBUTUHAN ENERGI SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) 16, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4801.
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Transportation is an important means for modern society to facilitate the mobility of people and goods.The transport sector consumes about 30% of the total national final energy consumption. In 2016,energy consumption in the transportation sector reached 331.7 million BOE (equivalent barrels of oil)with a fuel mix of 55.3% gasoline; 14.0% of diesel oil; 22.3% biosolar; 0.04% fuel oil, 0.07% natural gas;0.005% avgas, 8.15% aviation fuel and 0.04% electricity. The increasing demand for energy in thetransportation sector in Indonesia is largely due to the improvement and addition of transportinfrastructure in some parts of Indonesia, especially airports and the growth of low-cost airlines. In2050 it is projected that the use of gasoline and diesel oil will continue to increase with growth of 4.0%and 4.5% per year. Along with this, the growth of biodiesel continues to increase to 7.9% per year.While avtur utilization is projected to continue to grow with a growth rate of 6.8% per year.
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Skrodzka, Wioletta, and Olga Kiriliuk. "Sustainability Indicators and Environmental Safety Management as Illustrated with an Example of the Polish Energy Sector." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0051.
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AbstractPower engineering is one of the key areas of sustainable development. Many countries create new concepts of environmental safety management and modify their energy systems to be in line with the goals of sustainable development in the EU. Sustainable development indicators can be a tool for monitoring the set goals of environmental safety management. The aim of the article is to assess the environmental safety management of the energy sector in Poland in relation to EU as well as presenting the concept of sustainable energy development and indicators used to assess the development of energy in the following dimensions: social, economic and ecological. The indicators used to assess the sustainable development of energy in the following dimensions were compared: sustainable consumption and production, marking the production and consumption of energy; organizations and sites with eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS); registration climate change, marking GHG emissions and the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption; sustainable transport, marking the energy consumption of transport relative to GDP. The article will test the hypothesis that the structure of obtaining energy in Poland and the tempo of change in this respect differ from the EU average.
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Leonova, L. B. "CORRELATION-REGRESSION ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLUSTER IN THE HOUSING SECTOR ON THE REGIONAL ECONOMY." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 3, no. 33 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2020-3-33-57-42.
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At present, when the country has successfully implemented a cluster policy since 2010, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of both regions and individual industries, the impact of industry clusters on the main economic indicator is an extremely relevant and important issue. Of course, basically, when we talk about clustering, we are talking primarily about industrial network structures. However, given the need for social transformations in the country and improving the quality of life of the population, it is necessary to know how the development of the socioeconomic cluster in the housing and utilities sector will affect the level of economic development of the region and the country as a whole. The article discusses the possibility of using correlation-regression analysis to predict the gross regional product (GRP) depending on the factors that are significantly influenced by the housing and utilities sector. These factors, in our opinion, include “The volume of shipped goods of our own production, works and services performed on our own by type of activity”, “The volume of work performed in the type of economic activity“ Construction ”,“ Investments in fixed assets ”,“ Final consumption ”, etc. The calculations were carried out for the Sverdlovsk region. To predict the GRP indicator, the authors used two-factor models. The obtained mathematical models confirm the significant impact of all considered factors on the performance indicator. As a result of the calculations, it can be noted that the gross regional product increases by an average of 102 million rubles. excluding the indicator of the volume of own production only due to the volume of construction and installation work. The gross regional product decreases by an average of 94,560 million rubles. excluding the indicator of investments in fixed assets due to the indicator "final consumption of the Sverdlovsk region" and increases by 5.56 million rubles. through investments in fixed assets of the Sverdlovsk region. Thus, the most significant factor influencing the region's GRP is the “Final consumption in the Sverdlovsk region” factor, which means that the proposed mathematical models will be able to adequately assess the impact on the region’s GRP of the activity of the socio-economic cluster in the housing sector, since the population's expenditures on Housing and utility services of the Sverdlovsk region make up about 28-35% of all consumed services and affect the final consumption of the region's population, especially in the context of constantly growing tariffs in this area.
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Geyer, Roman, Sophie Knöttner, Christian Diendorfer, Gerwin Drexler-Schmid, and Verena Alton. "100% Renewable Energy for Austria’s Industry: Scenarios, Energy Carriers and Infrastructure Requirements." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041819.
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The need for decarbonization raises several questions. How can renewable energy supply for the industrial sector be realized in the long term? Furthermore, how must the existing energy system be transformed to achieve the ambitious climate targets in place? In Austria, the share of renewable energy supplying industrial energy demand currently accounts for only 45% of final energy consumption. This clearly shows that a conversion of industrial energy systems is necessary. Different ambitious perspectives for a renewable energy supply for the Austrian industrial sector are calculated for three defined scenarios (base, efficiency, transition) in this paper. In addition, corresponding requirements for the energy infrastructures are discussed. The scenario results show a range of industrial final energy consumption from 78 TWh (efficiency) to 105 TWh (transition) through decarbonizing the industrial energy supply (cf. 87 TWh in 2019). Decarbonization requires an increasing shift towards electrical energy, especially in the transition scenario, whereas in the base and efficiency scenarios, biogenic fuels play an important role. Comprehensive decarbonization and the associated substitution of energy carriers in industry pose significant challenges for the existing energy infrastructure, its expansion, and optimization.
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Zhang, Xi, Zheng Li, Linwei Ma, Chinhao Chong, and Weidou Ni. "Analyzing Carbon Emissions Embodied in Construction Services: A Dynamic Hybrid Input–Output Model with Structural Decomposition Analysis." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081456.
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The energy embodied in construction services consumed by industrial sectors used to increase capacities has led to massive energy-related carbon emissions (ERCE). From the perspective of consumer responsibility, ERCE embodied in construction services is driven by technological changes and the increases in final demand of various sectors, including final consumption, fixed assets investment, and net export. However, little attention has been paid to decomposing sectoral responsibilities from this perspective. To fill this research gap, we propose a dynamic hybrid input–output model combined with structural decomposition analysis (DHI/O-SDA model). We introduce DHI/O modeling into the estimation of ERCE embodied in construction services from the perspective of consumer responsibility and introduce SDA into DHI/O models to improve the resolution of the estimate. Taking China as a case study, we verified the DHI/O-SDA model and present the bilateral relationships among sectoral responsibilities for ERCE embodied in construction services. A major finding is that the “Other Tertiary Industry” sector is most responsible for ERCE embodied in construction services and strongly influences other sectors. Therefore, controlling the final demand increase of the service industry will be the most effective policy to reduce the ERCE embodied in construction services.
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Panthi, Biswambhar, and Nawraj Bhattarai. "Energy and Emission Analysis of Residential Sector: A Case Study for Reshunga Municipality in Nepal." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 4 (December 31, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v4i0.23176.
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This paper presents energy consumption in a municipality within hilly region and also analyzes GHG emission under different scenario. For the purpose of study Reshunga municipality was taken, situated in Gulmi district of Nepal occupying an area of 82.74 sq.km. For collection of data, 368 houses were surveyed and the locals were interviewed on their annual consumption. The total energy consumption was 214.8 TJ where 78.25% was supplied by wood. LPG shared 16.14% of demand. Cooking (58%) and water boiling (26%) were the most demanding task. Most of the houses were equipped with ICS, with share 55% of energy demand in cooking. Four different scenario were studied viz. BAU, DSM, BSP and SDG. In, BAU scenario, the energy consumption will reach 245.3 TJ. In DSM scenario and BSP scenario the final energy demand will reduce to 230.7 TJ and 216.2 TJ. In SDG scenario, energy demand is reduced by 23.14%. The share of LPG increases to 22.36 % and electricity demand becomes more than doubles from reaching 10.64% in SDG. From year 2017-2030, there will be total accumulative increase of electricity requirement by 47.4 TJ, whereas total cumulative decrease of 433.5 TJ equivalents can be resulted in consumption of wood in SDG scenario. Cost-Benefit analysis study revealed that DSM will require an investment of 43.03K US$ for demand technologies and will reduce emission by 8.69 tCO2e. DSM will be cheapest in terms of cost per GHG reduction. SDG will cost 645.46K US$ and results in reduction of GHG by 47.79K tCO2e.
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Russo, Sofia, Alicia Valero, Antonio Valero, and Marta Iglesias-Émbil. "Exergy-Based Assessment of Polymers Production and Recycling: An Application to the Automotive Sector." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020363.
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In the last century, the economic growth has been accompanied by a worldwide diffusion of polymers for multiple applications. However, there is a growing attention to the environmental pollution and energy consumption linked to the unconditional use of plastic. In the present work, exergy is used as a measure of the resource consumption during the life cycle of polymers. Nine commercially diffused polymers are chosen, and their production chains are identified according to the “grave to cradle” approach. The global Embodied Exergy (EE) is calculated as the sum of the contribution of each step of the chain, including the production process and the Exergy Replacement Cost (ERC) of the fossil fuel. Then, recycling routes and the associated exergy consumption are analysed. Thermodynamic recycling indexes are developed depending on the final product, namely the crude polymeric material and the oil derivatives or structural molecules. The main results show that some commonly used polymers have a considerable impact in terms of EE (e.g., PET). Recycling indexes encourage the recycling processes, which are always energetically convenient (from 10% to 60% of exergy savings) compared with the production from virgin raw material. Results from EE calculation are used for the thermodynamic assessment of the plastic content of vehicle components, to obtain useful information for recycling practices development.
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Ayagapin, Leslie, Jean Philippe Praene, Doorgeshwaree Jaggeshar, and Dinesh Surroop. "Prospective Life Cycle Assessment: Effect of Electricity Decarbonization in Building Sector." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113184.
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The building sector is responsible for 43% of France’s final energy consumption and is strongly associated with a high environmental impact due to its high consumption of energy and natural resources. These impacts are significant in isolated islands. Due to its geographical isolation and an area of 2512 km2, Reunion Island has a heavily carbon-based economy with a high import rate of raw materials for the building sector. This study aimed to investigate the effect of electricity mix decarbonization on residential house environmental impact. The methodology consists of three parts: (i) evaluating environmental impacts of Single-Family Houses (SFH) using life cyce assessment(LCA), (ii) defining SFH typologies using the K-means clustering algorithm, and (iii) implementing energy scenario in LCA of SFH to assess decarbonization effect. The environmental results were particularly sensitive in the operational phase, with a decrease of 83% between 2020 to 2040 of the global warming potential (GWP). The structural phase highlights the weight of imports in the building sector, as a decrease of only 1% is observed. This study clearly shows the necessary energy transition for Reunion Island. In the structural phase, the study recommends that stakeholders reduce imports and increase the share of recovered materials to achieve a substantial reduction in impacts.
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Bux, Christian, and Vera Amicarelli. "Separate collection and bio-waste valorization in the Italian poultry sector by material flow analysis." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 24, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01366-0.
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AbstractPoultry meat production and consumption face several challenges under economic, social and environmental perspectives, and increasing concerns are associated with food loss and waste minimization. One of the main issues is related to the absence of a homogeneous and standardized separate collection of bio-waste at country level, which makes chicken bones, skin and food waste valorization a challenging goal. The present research, implementing the material flow analysis to the Italian poultry sector, aims at measuring poultry-related co-products and by-products, exploring food waste, chicken bones and skin and the current trends in the Italian bio-waste separate collection. Then, it discusses alternative separate collection strategies and sustainable consumption habits. Data have been collected according to a research triangulation approach, whereas system boundaries consider slaughterhouse, distribution and final consumption stage. It emerges that more than 1.50 Mt of live animals have been processed to obtain 0.46 Mt of fresh meat and 0.76 Mt of co-products and by-products, of which more than 0.32 Mt are represented by chicken bones and skin. In addition, more than 0.15 Mt of food waste have been recorded. The research adds an extra step towards the identification of awareness campaigns and separate collection strategies at national level.
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Hāzners, Juris. "Structural decomposition analysis of Latvian agrifood sector as integral part of global market." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112908007.
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Research background: the Latvian agrifood sector is continuously becoming more integrated in global markets. Imports and exports of agricultural commodities grow every year. At the same time, changes in output from agriculture and food processing are moderate. The main factors that can be used to characterize these sectors are employment, gross value added and income. The main causes of the changes of these three factors could be estimated by structural decomposition analysis. Purpose of the article: the objective of the research is the decomposition of the percentage changes over time in employment, gross value added and income in Latvian economy by their source: changes in intensities per unit of output, changes in the intermediate consumption and changes in the final demand structure. Methods: the traditional methods of the Input-Output framework, such as multipliers, elasticities, causative matrices enable the estimation of structural trends in economy sectors. However, they do not provide the share in the total impact of various factors on the changes in the economy. Structural decomposition analysis estimates the relative size of the impact of these factors within the total impact. Findings & Value added: the research results show rather large positive impact of final demand factor on employment, gross value added and income changes in both sectors. The impact of the intensities (reverse factor productivities), in turn, is large and negative. The impact of the intermediate demand is less marked. As the growth in final demand can be attributed solely to increase in export demand, this combined with the growth in labor productivity are the main drivers of employment changes in agriculture. The method can be effectively applied to other variables of interest for which the calculated intensities per unit of output make sense, such as carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emissions or energy input.