Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fin array'
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1
Cowan, Jonathan B. "Investigation of Erosion and Deposition of Sand Particles within a Pin Fin Array." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35959.
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The transport of particulates within both a fully developed and developing pin fin arrays is explored using
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulations are carried out using the LES solver,
GenIDLEST, for the fluid (carrier) phase and a Langragian approach for the particle (dispersed) phase. A
grid independency study and validation case versus relevant experiments are given to lend confidence to
the numerical simulations. Various Stokes numbers (0.78, 3.1 and 19.5) are explored as well as three nondimensional
particle softening temperatures (θST = 0, 0.37 and 0.67). The deposition is shown to increase
with decreasing particle Stokes number and thus decreasing size from 0.005% for Stp = 19.5 to 13.4% for
Stp = 0.78 and is almost completely concentrated on the channel walls (99.6% - 100%). The erosion
potential is shown to increase with Stokes number and is highest on the pin faces. As is to be expected,
the deposition increases with decreasing softening temperature from 13.4% at θST = 0.67 to 79% for θST
=0. Overall, the channel walls of the array show the greatest potential for deposition. On the other hand,
the pin faces show the greatest potential for erosion. Similarly, the higher Stokes number particles have
more erosion potential while the lower Stokes number particles have a higher potential for erosion.Master of Science
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Harding, Matthew T. "An experimental investigation of the performance of staggered PIN-FIN Array laminar flow heat exchangers." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FHarding.pdf.
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Komral, Ata. "Heat transfer studies and flow visualization of a rectangular channel with an offset strip fin array." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306675.
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Thesis (M. S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1995.Thesis advisor(s): Matthew Kelleher. "September 1995." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Suarez, Carlos M. "Heat transfer studies and flow visualization of a rectangular channel with an offset-plate-fin array." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA311664.
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Farjam, Aslan. "Influence of Alumina Addition to Aluminum Fins for Compact Heat Exchangers Produced by Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33383.
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Aluminum and aluminum-alumina powder mixtures were used to produce pyramidal fin arrays on aluminum substrates using cold spray as an additive manufacturing process. Using aluminum-alumina mixtures instead of pure aluminum powder could be seen as a cost-effective measure, preventing nozzle clogging. The fin geometries that were produced were observed using a 3D digital microscope to determine the flow passages width and fins geometric details. Heat transfer and pressure tests were carried out using different ranges of appropriate Reynolds numbers for the sought commercial application to compare each fin array and determine the effect of alumina content. It was found that the presence of alumina reduces the fins’ performance when compared to pure aluminum but that they still outperform traditional fins. Numerical simulations were performed and were used to explain the obtained experimental results. The numerical model opens up new avenues in predicting different parameters such as pressure and substrate temperature.
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Tindall, A. T. R. "Experimental and theoretical studies of convective heat transfer from fin arrays." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354881.
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Thrift, Alan Albright. "Aerodynamic Force and Pressure Loss Measurements on Low Aspect Ratio Pin Fin Arrays." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31189.
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The desire to achieve higher heat transfer augmentation for turbine blades is fueled by the increased power output and efficiency that is achievable with high turbine inlet temperatures. The use of internal cooling channels fitted with pin fin arrays serves as one method of accomplishing this goal. Consequently, the addition of pin fin arrays comes at the expense of increased pressure drop. Therefore the pin fin geometry must be judiciously chosen to achieve the required heat transfer rate while minimizing the associated pressure drop.
This project culminates in the measurement of both pin fin force and array pressure drop as they related to changes in the array geometry. Specifically, the effects of Reynolds number, spanwise pin spacing, streamwise pin spacing, pin aspect ratio, and flow incidence angle. Direct two-component force measurement is achieved with a cantilever beam force sensor that uses highly sensitive piezoresistive strain gauges, relating the strain at the base of the beam to the applied force. With proper characterization, forces as small as one-tenth the weight of a paper clip are successfully measured. Additionally, array pressure drop measurements are achieved using static pressure taps.
Experiments were conducted over a range of Reynolds numbers between 7,500 and 35,000. Changes in the spanwise pin spacing were shown to substantially alter the pin fin drag and array pressure drop, while changes in the streamwise pin spacing were less influential. The experimental results also showed a dramatic reduction in the pin fin drag and array pressure drop for an inline flow incidence angle. Finally, changes in the pin aspect ratio were shown to have little effect on the array pressure drop.
Master of Science
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Esposito, Robert Anthony. "TURBO CODING IMPLEMENTED IN A FINE GRAINED PROGRAMABLE GATE ARRAY ARCHITECTURE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/26071.
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EngineeringPh.D.
One recent method to approach the capacity of a channel is Turbo Coding. However, a major concern with the implementation of a Turbo Code is the overall complexity and real-time throughput of the digital hardware system. The salient design problem of Turbo Coding is the iterative decoder, which must perform calculations over all possible states of the trellis. Complex computations such as exponentiations, logarithms and division are explored as part of this research to compare the complexity of the traditionally avoided maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) decoder to that of the more widely accepted and simplified Logarithm based MAP decoder (LOG-MAP). This research considers the fine grained implementation and processing of MAP, LOG-MAP and a hybrid LOG-MAP-Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) based Turbo Codes on a Xilinx Virtex 4 PGA. Verification of the Turbo Coding system performance is demonstrated on a Xilinx Virtex 4 ML402SX evaluation board with the EDA of the Xilinx System Generator utilizing hardware co-simulation. System throughput and bit error rate (BER) are the performance metrics that are evaluated as part of this research. An efficient system throughput is predicated by the parallel design of the decoder and BER is determined by data frame size, data word length and the number of decoding iterations. Furthermore, traditional and innovative stopping rules are evaluated as part of this research to facilitate the number of iterations required during decoding.
Temple University--Theses
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Axtmann, Meriam [Verfasser]. "Investigations on Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss in Staggered Pin Fin Cooling Arrays / Meriam Axtmann." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164293982/34.
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Moores, Kevin A. "Effect of tip clearance on the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of shrouded pin fin arrays." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8787.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Achanta, Vamsee Satish. "An experimental study of endwall heat transfer enhancement for flow past staggered non-conducting pin fin arrays." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/140.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Texas A&M University, 2003."Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering" Title from author supplied metadata (record created on Jul. 18, 2005.) Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dallmeyer, Matthew John. "Reducing Fir Filter Costs: A Review of Approaches as Applied to Massive Fir Filter Arrays." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1417544448.
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Walsh, Declan. "Design and implementation of massively parallel fine-grained processor arrays." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-implementation-of-massively-parallel-finegrained-processor-arrays(e0e03bd5-4feb-4d66-8d4b-0e057684e498).html.
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This thesis investigates the use of massively parallel fine-grained processor arrays to increase computational performance. As processors move towards multi-core processing, more energy-efficient processors can be designed by increasing the number of processor cores on a single chip rather than increasing the clock frequency of a single processor. This can be done by making processor cores less complex, but increasing the number of processor cores on a chip. Using this philosophy, a processor core can be reduced in complexity, area, and speed to form a very small processor which can still perform basic arithmetic operations. Due to the small area occupation this can be multiplied and scaled to form a large scale parallel processor array to offer a significant performance. Following this design methodology, two fine-grained parallel processor arrays are designed which aim to achieve a small area occupation with each individual processor so that a larger array can be implemented over a given area. To demonstrate scalability and performance, SIMD parallel processor array is designed for implementation on an FPGA where each processor can be implemented using four ‘slices’ of a Xilinx FPGA. With such small area utilization, a large fine-grained processor can be implemented on these FPGAs. A 32 × 32 processor array is implemented and fast processing demonstrated using image processing tasks. An event-driven MIMD parallel processor array is also designed which occupies a small amount of area and can be scaled up to form much larger arrays. The event-driven approach allows the processor to enter an idle mode when no events are occurring local to the processor, reducing power consumption. The processor can switch to operational mode when events are detected. The processor core is designed with a multi-bit data path and ALU and contains its own instruction memory making the array a multi-core processor array. With area occupation of primary concern, the processor is relatively simple and connects with its four nearest direct neighbours. A small 8 × 8 prototype chip is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology process which can operate at a clock frequency of 80 MHz and offer a peak performance of 5.12 GOPS which can be scaled up to larger arrays. An application of the event-driven processor array is demonstrated using a simulation model of the processor. An event-driven algorithm is demonstrated to perform distributed control of distributed manipulator simulator by separating objects based on their physical properties.
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Lico, Rocco <1984>. "Non-thermal emission in High Frequency Peaked blazars towards the Square Kilometer Array era." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7233/.
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In this thesis work we will explore and discuss the properties of the gamma-ray sources included in the first Fermi-LAT catalog of sources above 10 GeV (1FHL), by considering both blazars and the non negligible fraction of still unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS, 13%).
We perform a statistical analysis of a complete sample of hard gamma-ray sources, included in the 1FHL catalog, mostly composed of HSP blazars, and we present new VLBI observations of the faintest members of the sample.
The new VLBI data, complemented by an extensive search of the archives for brighter sources, are essential to gather a sample as large as possible for the assessment of the significance of the correlation between radio and very high energy (E>100 GeV) emission bands.
After the characterization of the statistical properties of HSP blazars and UGS, we use a complementary approach, by focusing on an intensive multi-frequency observing VLBI and gamma-ray campaign carried out for one of the most remarkable and closest HSP blazar Markarian 421.
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Rodney, David M. "Digital Channelized Wide Band Receiver Implemented with a Systolic Array of Multi-Rate FIR Filters." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1150923373.
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Marinho, Marco Antonio Marques. "Array interpolation methods with applications in wireless sensor networks and global positioning systems." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15614.
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Nas últimas três décadas o estudo de técnicas de processamento de sinais em arranjos de sensores tem recebido grande atenção. Uma grande quantidade de técnicas foi desenvolvida com diversas finalidades como a estimação da direção de chegada, a filtragem ou separação espacial dos sinais recebidos, a estimação do atraso de propagação, a estimação da frequência Doppler e a pré-codificação de sinais na transmissão para maximização da potência recebida por outro arranjo. Técnicas para estimação da direção de chegada são de particular interesse para sistemas de posicionamento baseado em ondas de rádio, como os sistemas de posicionamento global e para o mapeamento de sensores em redes de sensores. Uma particularidade dessas aplicações é a necessidade de uma estimação em tempo real ou computacionalmente eficiente. Técnicas de estimação da direção de chegada que atendem esses requisitos requerem uma estrutura muito específica do arranjo de antenas que, em geral, não pode ser obtida em implementações reais. Nesse trabalho é apresentado um conjunto de técnicas que permitem a interpolação de sinais recebidos em arranjos de geometria arbitrária para arranjos de geometria específica, de forma eficiente e robusta, para possibilitar a aplicação de técnicas eficientes para estimação da direção de chegada em arranjos de geometria arbitrária. Como aplicações das técnicas propostas são apresentados o mapeamento preciso em redes de sensores e posicionamento preciso em receptores de sistemas de posicionamento global. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In the last three decades the study of antenna array signal processing techniques has received significant attention. A large number of techniques have been developed with different purposes such as the estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA), filtering or spatial separation of received signals, estimation of time delay of arrival (TDOA), Doppler frequency estimation and precoding of transmitted signals to maximize the power received by a different array. DOA estimation techniques are of particular interest for positioning systems based on radio waves such as the global positioning system (GPS) and for sensor mapping in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These applications have the particular requirement of demanding the estimations to be made in real time or with reduced computational complexity. DOA estimation techniques that fulfill these requirements demand very specific antenna array structures that cannot, in general, be obtained in real implementations. In this work a set of techniques is presented that allows the interpolation of signals received in arrays of arbitrary geometry into arrays of specific geometry efficiently and robustly to allow the application of efficient DOA estimation techniques in arrays of arbitrary geometry. As an application of the proposed techniques precise mapping for WSNs and precise positioning for GPS receivers is presented.
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Burich, Lawrence D. "Digital Wideband Spectral Sensing Receiver." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1345689526.
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Rosette, Keith Andrew. "Investigation of a compact acoustic source array for the active control of aircraft engine fan noise." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063020/.
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Potluri, Keerti. "Improving DNA quality using FFPE tissues for Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization to find Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Melanoma." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1438267267.
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Lawson, Seth Augustus. "Heat Transfer from Multiple Row Arrays of Low Aspect Ratio Pin Fins." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31190.
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The heat transfer characteristics through arrays of pin fins were studied for the further development of internal cooling methods for turbine airfoils. Low aspect ratio pin fin arrays were tested through a range of Reynolds numbers between 5000 and 30,000 to determine the effects of pin spacing as well as aspect ratio on pin and endwall heat transfer. Experiments were also conducted to determine the independent effects of pin spacing and aspect ratio on arrays with different flow incidence angles. The pin Nusselt numbers showed almost no dependence on pin spacing or flow incidence angle. Using an infrared thermogaphy technique, spatially-resolved Nusselt numbers were measured along the endwalls of each array. The endwall results showed that streamwise spacing had a larger effect than spanwise spacing on array-averaged Nusselt numbers. Endwall heat transfer patterns showed that arrays with flow incidence angles experienced less wake interaction between pins than arrays with perpendicular flow, which caused a slight decrease in heat transfer in arrays with flow incidence angles. The effect of flow incidence angle on array-average Nusselt number was greater at tighter pin spacings. Even though the pin Nusselt number was independent of pin spacing, the ratio of pin-to-endwall Nusselt number was dependent on flow conditions as well as pin spacing. The pin aspect ratio had little effect on the array-average Nusselt number for arrays with perpendicular flow; however, the effect of flow incidence angle on array-average Nusselt number increased as aspect ratio decreased.Master of Science
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Santamaria, Luca. "Systèmes d'antennes reconfigurables intégrés dédiés aux réseaux IoT sans fil dynamiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4103.
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De par les caractéristiques uniques de l'Internet des objets (IoT), telles qu'un volume massif de données, des contraintes de ressources strictes et des niveaux d'activité hétérogènes, les futures infrastructures IoT sans fil doivent intégrer des solutions d'auto-organisation intelligentes pour fonctionner efficacement dans l'environnement IoT dynamique.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse présente le développement de systèmes d'antennes intégrés reconfigurables innovants capables de s'adapter à de tels réseaux IoT sans fil dynamiques et polyvalents.Dans un premier temps, ce manuscrit de thèse traite de la conception d'antennes adaptées à une intégration dans des terminaux IoT lorsque des propriétés de rayonnement spécifiques ou des opérations multi-bandes sont nécessaires. Les structures d'antennes et les techniques d'intégration sont présentées pour les applications IoT à bande unique et multibande. Dans ce cadre, une méthodologie de conception basée sur une antenne à structure unique multi-accès et une antenne à polarisation circulaire omnidirectionnelle miniaturisée pour les applications IoT sont décrites. Ensuite, une approche basée sur les réseaux de neurones pour estimer les performances de petites antennes compte tenu des contraintes pratiques est présentée. Comme preuve de concept, le cas des antennes imprimées intégrées dans des terminaux compacts est étudié.Dans une seconde partie, la thèse porte sur le développement d'antennes reconfigurables compactes et peu gourmandes en énergie. Afin de permettre de nouvelles applications, telles que les communications portables, et d'offrir des performances supérieures dans une variété d'environnements d'intégration, une antenne flexible et reconfigurable est présentée. Pour garantir un fonctionnement fiable, les antennes flexibles doivent en effet conserver des caractéristiques radioélectriques ou de rayonnement approprié et ceci, malgré la modification de leur structure créée par la flexibilité. Le mécanisme de reconfiguration de l'antenne proposée pour les contraintes évoquées permet le décalage de sa résonance, la rendant ainsi capable de maintenir une adaptation d'impédance acceptable sur toute la bande de fonctionnement même lorsqu’elle est repliée.Une antenne compacte reconfigurable à gain et rapport avant/arrière élevés pour le filtrage spatial dans les réseaux IoT est ensuite proposée. Le mécanisme de reconfiguration est basé sur l'utilisation d'un commutateur SP4T à faible pertes d’insertion et à faible résistance, qui peut être contrôlé numériquement par un microcontrôleur, comme l'exigent les applications IoT. Une antenne à réseau parasite, avec faisceau orientable électroniquement (ESPAR, pour electronically steerable parasitic array radiator), à base d’éléments rayonnants de type fentes adaptée aux applications IoT est ensuite présentée. Le travail décrit en profondeur la procédure de conception de l'antenne, en abordant également la mise en œuvre pratique du mécanisme de reconfiguration, et se concentrant sur la réalisation du prototype et sa caractérisation expérimentale.Enfin, une méthodologie de synthèse de réseaux d'antennes parasites est proposée. Cette méthode est basée sur l'utilisation d'un algorithme de type PSO (Particle Swarm Optimizer), qui optimise de manière itérative les impédances complexes des charges connectées sur les éléments parasites jusqu'à ce que le comportement en rayonnement souhaité soit obtenu. Afin d'évaluer la capacité de la méthode à atteindre les objectifs souhaités, la méthodologie est utilisée pour optimiser la directivité, le rapport avant/arrière et le gain d’antennes à réseau parasite compactes destinées aux appareils IoT. Les valeurs des impédances de charge identifiées avec cette approche sont intégrées dans les structures d'antenne pour réaliser le réseau d'antennes parasites. La reconfiguration peut alors être simplement obtenue en réalisant une permutation circulaire des valeurs de la charge sur les éléments parasitesBecause of the unique characteristics of the Internet of things (IoT), such as massive volume of data, stringent resource constraints, and heterogeneous activity levels, future wireless IoT infrastructures must integrate smart self-organizing solutions to efficiently operate in the dynamic IoT environment.Within this context, this thesis presents the development of innovative integrated reconfigurable antenna systems capable of adapting to such dynamic and multi-purposed wireless IoT networks.As a first step, the thesis covers the design of antennas suitable for integration in IoT terminals when specific radiation properties or multi-band operations are needed. Both antenna structures and integration techniques are presented for single and multi-band IoT applications. Next, a design methodology based on a multi-access single structure antenna and a miniaturized omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna for IoT applications are presented. Successively, an approach based on Neural Networks (NN) to estimate the performance of small antennas given practical constraints is presented. As proof of concept, the case of printed antennas integrated into compact terminals is considered.In the second part, the thesis focuses on the development of compact and low-power-consuming reconfigurable antennas. In order to enable new applications, such as wearable communications, and to deliver higher performance in a variety of integration environments, a flexible, reconfigurable antenna is presented. To guarantee reliable operation, flexible antennas must maintain proper electrical or radiation characteristics despite the variation of their structure given by the flexibility. Consequently, the reconfiguration mechanism of the proposed antenna allows the shift of the antenna resonance, making the antenna capable of maintaining an acceptable impedance matching over the operating band even when the antenna is folded.A compact high gain and front-to-back ratio pattern reconfigurable antenna for spatial filtering in IoT networks is then proposed. The reconfiguration mechanism is based on the use of a low-insertion, low-on resistance SP4T switch, which can be numerically controlled by a microcontroller, as required by IoT applications. Successively, a slot-based electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna suitable for IoT applications is presented. The work describes in-depth the design procedure of the antenna, addressing the practical implementation of the reconfiguration mechanism, and focusing on the realization of the prototype and its experimental evaluation.Finally, a methodology for synthesizing parasitic antenna arrays is proposed. The method is based on the use of a Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), which iteratively optimizes the parasitic element loads until the desired pattern behavior is obtained. In order to assess the method's ability to address the desired goals, the methodology is used to optimize the directivity, the front-to-back ratio, and the gain of compact parasitic array antennas for IoT devices. The impedance loads values identified with this approach are integrated into the antenna structures to realize the parasitic antenna array. Reconfiguration can then simply be obtained by rotating the load's values over the parasitic elements
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Conradie, P. J. F. "Edge fan performance in air cooled condensers systems." Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4238.
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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Large air‐cooled heat exchangers and condensers make use of fan arrays to provide cooling. The performance of the fan arrays are however negatively affected by distorted inlet conditions. Given the size of these fans, quantifying exactly what the detrimental effects are is practically impossible. This serves as motivation for developing a scaled multi‐fan testing platform that is able to mimic the behaviour of a full‐scale array but at a more measureable and manageable scale. This investigation was conducted in two parts. A Reynolds number investigation was conducted to determine what effect incorporating Reynolds number effects will have on the scaled fan performance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to determine where turbulent transition onset occurs on the full‐scale fan blades and trip wires were then sized and positioned appropriately to recreate the same transition effect. From this initial investigation it was found that the trip wires have an allround negative impact on fan performance but when compensated for by increasing the blade angle, the tripped fan static pressure rise performance is comparable with the non‐tripped fan performance. This suggests that the Reynolds number effects may be ignored for this scaled fan testing investigation. Scaled equivalents of the fans in cooling arrays were tested in a three row multi‐fan array which, using symmetry, represents a typical bay in a full‐scale installation. Various platform heights were simulated and the corresponding decrease in system performance was compared to a model formulated to predict how fan volumetric effectiveness decreases with platform height. The model deviated from the test data at very low platforms heights. A replacement fan for the scaled equivalent fan was tested while installed as the edge fan of a multi‐fan array, the fan worst affected by any inlet disturbance, and was found to perform similarly to the scaled equivalent fan for most platform heights but exceeded the scaled equivalent fan’s performance for the lowest platform height and the most adverse conditions. This proves the effectiveness of the replacement fan as an edge fan.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groot lugverkoelde warmteruilers maak gebruik van waaier matrikse om verkoeling te voorsien. Die verrigting van die waaieropstelling word egter negatief beïnvloed deur versteurde inlaattoestande. Gegewe die grootte van hierdie waaiers is daar geen praktiese metode om die nadelige invloed van die versteurde inlaattoestande te kwantifiseer nie. Hierdie dien as motivering vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n multi‐waaier toetsplatform wat daartoe in staat is om die gedrag van die volskaal opstelling na te boots maar op ‘n baie meer meetbare en hanteerbare skaal. Hierdie ondersoek was uitgevoer in twee dele. ‘n Reynoldsgetal ondersoek was uitgevoer om te bepaal watter impak dit sal hê op die skaalwaaier verrigting indien die Reynolds getaleffekte ingesluit word in die toetswerk. Berekende vloeidinamka (BVD) was gebruik om te bepaal waar turbulente oorgang voorkom op die volskaal waaierlemme en pooitjiedrade was geselekteer en geposisioneer hiervolgens om dieselfde oorgang te herskep. Vanuit hierdie aanvanklike ondersoek was dit gevind dat die pooitjiedrade ‘n algehele afname in verrigting tot gevolg het, maar wanneer dit oorkom word deur die lemhoek op te stel, die gedrag en verrigting van die gepooitjiede waaier soortgelyk is aan die van die nie‐gepooitjiede waaier. Hierdie gedrag stel voor dat die Reynoldsgetalle maar geïgnoreer kan word vir hierdie skaalwaaier toetswerk. Gelykwaardige skaalwaaiers van die wat in bedryf is in volskaal opstellings was getoets in ‘n drie ry multi‐waaier opstelling wat, deur simmetrie, verteenwordigend is van ‘n tipiese straat in ‘n volskaal opstelling. Verskeie platformhoogtes was gesimuleer en die ooreenstemmende afname in stelsel verrigting was vergelyk met ‘n model wat geformuleer is juis om te voorspel hoe die volumetriese effektiwiteit afneem met platformhoogte. Die model wyk af van die toetsdata by baie lae platform hoogtes. ‘n Vervangingswaaier vir die aanvanklike geskalleerde waaier was getoets as ‘n randwaaier, die waaier wat die ergste benadeel word deur versteurde inlaattoetstande, in die multi‐waaier opstelling. Die vervangingswaaier het soortgelyk aan die aanvanklike waaier verrig vir meeste platformhoogtes, maar oortref die aanvanklike waaier se werksverrigting by die laagste platformhoogte en mees ongunstige toestande. Hierdie bewys die vermoëns van die vervangingswaaier as ‘n randwaaier.
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Rust, Ryan Leonard. "Active Noise Control of a Two-Fan Exhaust-Mounted Array Using Near-Field Control Sources and Error Sensors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2427.
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Multiple fans are sometimes used in an array configuration to cool various types of electronic equipment. In addition to adding another noise source, using two fans with closely spaced blade passage frequencies (BPF) can create an annoying beat frequency. A two fan array with each fan having a different BPF was considered. The fans were theoretically modeled at the BPF and first harmonics. Each fan has two acoustic paths to the far field. Thus, each fan was modeled as a two source array. The first control configuration consisted of one control filter using six control sources and six error sensors in a fully coupled control system designed to control both fans simultaneously. The second configuration used two independent controllers with three control sources and three error sensors, one controller per fan. Experimentally, the averaged narrow band reduction of the BPFs and the second harmonic of the two independent controllers were 15.6 and 7.4 dB respectively, compared to a reduction of 14.4 and 5.7 dB at the two frequencies using a single control loop. The results suggest that independent controllers perform better than the single control loop for the fan array studied. Optimization of active noise control systems has increased performance but sometimes with decreased robustness. Two control source configurations for the sound power reduction of a simple source were analyzed by modeling the control systems. The two control source configurations were four symmetric control sources surrounding the noise source and an optimized linear array of four control sources. Simulation results show the linear array control source configuration is more sensitive to microphone placement errors, with a 20-33 dB reduction in attenuation for a microphone placement error of 2 mm compared to a 0.8 dB drop in attenuation for the symmetric case. The linear array configuration was found to be more sensitive to the microphone placement errors compared to the symmetric configuration. A 2.5 mm change in one microphone position causes an average of 6 dB loss in attenuation for the linear array configuration compared to a 0.6 dB loss for the symmetric configuration.
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Souza, Gustavo Souto de Sá e. "Arranjo linear de dez eletrodos ativos sem fio para eletromiografia de superfície." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3895.
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This project, in the area of biomedical engineering, belongs to the promising field of research in surface electromyography (s-EMG). This technology can be used for in-depth study of some neuromuscular diseases, such as polyneuropathies and myopathies. Using an array of multichannel electrodes, we can also obtain the decomposition of s-EMG signals, estimation of conduction velocity of muscle fibers, location of innervation zones (set of motor units), among other applications. Although there are wireless electromyographers, there are no wireless electrode arrays in the market. Thinking about this, it was developed a wireless linear array of ten active electrodes for surface electromyography and a set of programs able to receive and process the data captured by this device. The hardware’s features are: low cost compared to similar equipment on the market, 12 bits resolution, 9216 samples per second (1024 samples per second per channel, with 9 channels and 10 electrodes in bipolar configuration), common mode rejection ratio greater than 50 dB; possess an interface for easy interaction with any computers via Bluetooth; enabling research in diverse areas (biomechanics, signal acquisition in athletes, animals, among other possibilities). In addition, it is powered by two lithium-ion batteries and autonomy of approximately 3 hours and 18 minutes. Although there were challenges in various stages of the device construction process, for example, in obtaining a high processing capacity and a high data transmission rate, the tests with prototypes show excellent results, consistent with the literature. After the implementation of the hardware, operational tests were performed as well as practical applications the use of a multi-channel electromyographer.
Esse projeto, da área da engenharia biomédica, pertence ao campo promissor de pesquisas em eletromiografia de superfície (EMG-s). Essa tecnologia pode ser usada para o estudo aprofundado de algumas doenças neuromusculares, como por exemplo, polineuropatias, miastenias e miopatias. Utilizando um arranjo de eletrodos multicanal, também podemos obter a decomposição de sinais de EMG-S, estimativa de velocidade de condução das fibras musculares, localização de zonas de inervação (conjunto de pontos motores), entre outras aplicações. Apesar de existirem eletromiógrafos sem fio, não há arranjos de eletrodos sem fio no mercado. Pensando nisso, foi desenvolvido um arranjo linear de dez eletrodos sem fio para eletromiografia de superfície e um conjunto de programas capazes de receber e processar os dados capturados por esse dispositivo. As características alcançadas por esse eletromiógrafo portátil são um baixo custo mesmo quando comparado aos eletromiógrafos de apenas um canal do mercado, 12 bits de resolução, 9216 amostras por segundo (1024 amostras por segundo por canal, com 9 canais e 10 eletrodos utilizando a configuração bipolar), taxa de rejeição de modo comum maior que 50 dB, uma interface que permite interação com computadores via Bluetooth, permitindo pesquisa em diversas áreas (biomecânica, aquisição de sinais em atletas, animais, entre outras possibilidades). Além disso, é alimentado por duas baterias de íon-lítio e possui uma autonomia média de 3 horas e 18 minutos. Apesar de terem surgidos desafios em várias etapas do processo de construção do dispositivo, como por exemplo, a obtenção de uma alta capacidade de processamento e de uma alta taxa de transmissão de dados, os testes com protótipos construídos mostram um resultado excelente e condizente com a literatura. Após a implementação deste hardware, foram realizados testes de funcionamento, assim como aplicações práticas da utilização de um eletromiógrafo de múltiplos canais.
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Caldas, Luciano Coutinho. "In-duct beamforming and mode detection using a circular microphone array for the characterisation of broadband aeroengine fan noise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-29082016-142207/.
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The development of technologies to reduce turbofan engine noise reveals the fan noise, the first stage of an engine, as a great contributor for the total noise of an airplane. So a better understanding of the fan noise generation came up and motivated the construction of a fan rig test facility at the University of São Paulo in São Carlos by a partnership between the university and EMBRAER S.A.. The fan rig is composed of a long duct (12mlong) comprising a 16-bladed fan rotor and 14-vaned stator. The rotor is powered by an 100 hp electrical motor allowing speed up to 4250 RPM resulting in 0.1Mach axial flow. A 77-microphone wall-mounted array was designed for fan noise analysis. A cooperation with NASA-Glenn allowed data and information exchanging from their similar fan rig setup, the ANCF, grating then the validation of the in-house developed software. A short guide for duct-array is proposed in this work. Complex software was developed to process the data from the microphones array. We performed 3 different types of analysis: power spectral density, noise imaging obtained by acoustic beamforming and modal analysis.We proposed a different technique for modal analysis based on beamforming images in this work.We did not find any similar technique in the references. The results obtained by this technique were validated with data from ANCF-NASA. Comparative results are presented for both fan rigs, such as: power spectral densities for different fan speeds, modal analysis at the blade passing frequency (strong tones generated by the fan), noise imaging obtained by beamforming for rotating and static noise sources. Finally, results achieved in this work are in agreement with those observed in the references consulted.Como desenvolver de tecnologias para redução de ruído de motores aeronáuticos turbofans, o ruído gerado pelo fan (primeiro estágio do motor) vem se mostrando cada vez mais um grande contribuinte na emissão total de ruído em um avião. Com isso, a necessidade de se estudar mecanismos geradores de ruído nestes motores veio à tona e motivou a construção de uma bancada de experimentos aero-acústicos junto àUniversidade de São Paulo, campus São Carlos, oriundo da parceria entre EMBRAER S.A. e Universidade de São Paulo. A bancada de ensaios compõe um conjunto rotor/estator, sendo que o fan (rotor) é equipado com 16 pás e a estatora 14 pás, conectado a um motor elétrico de 100 hp através de um eixo ao rotor, alcançando 4250 RPM com velocidade de escoamento axial médio de 0,1 Mach. Esta bancada é composta por um longo duto e a seção de ensaio com o fan localiza-se ao centro. Uma antena dispondo de 77 microfones foi especialmente projetada para fazer aquisição do ruído gerado pelo fan. Uma parceria com a NASA-Glenn possibilitou a troca de informações e dados experimentais de sua bancada de experimentos similar (ANCF) ajudando assim a validar os códigos desenvolvidos bem como comparar resultados para ambas as bancadas. Umpequeno roteiro para projeto de antena para análise modal e beamforming em duto é apresentado neste trabalho. Um complexo software foi desenvolvido a fim de processar sistematicamente os dados aquisitados pelos microfones da antena. Três tipos de análise são feitas: Via espectro densidade de potência; Imagem de ruído acústico obtido através da técnica de beamforming, e por último, análise modal. Uma técnica diferente para análise modal baseada em imagens obtidas através de beamforming é proposta neste trabalho. Nada similar foi encontrado nas referências consultadas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de fontes sintéticas produzidas pela bancada ANCF-NASA. Resultados comparativos para ambas as bancadas são exibidas neste trabalho, tais quais: Análise do espectro densidade de potência para diferentes rotações do fan; análise modal nas frequências de passagem das pás (forte ruído tonal gerado pelo fan); imagem acústica do ruído gerado tanto por fontes rotativas quanto para fontes estáticas. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com o esperado e de antemão observados nas referências consultadas.
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Marinho, Marco Antonio Marques. "Array processing techniques for direction of arrival estimation, communications, and localization in vehicular and wireless sensor networks." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32685.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2018.Submitted by Fabiana Santos (fabianacamargo@bce.unb.br) on 2018-09-13T20:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_MarcoAntonioMarquesMarinho.pdf: 6538571 bytes, checksum: bed8c2bb80946bd6f6e3e4c10d4ed7a3 (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
Técnicas de processamentos de sinais para comunicações sem fio tem sido um tópico de interesse para pesquisas há mais de três décadas. De acordo com o padrão Release 9 desenvolvido pelo consorcio 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) sistemas utilizando múltiplas antenas foram adotados na quarta geração (4G) dos sistemas de comunicação sem fio, também conhecida em inglês como Long Term Evolution (LTE). Para a quinta geração (5G) dos sistemas de comunicação sem fio centenas de antenas devem ser incorporadas aos equipamentos, na arquitetura conhecida em inglês como massive multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). A presença de múltiplas antenas provê benefícios como o ganho do arranjo, ganho de diversidade, ganho espacial e redução de interferência. Além disso, arranjos de antenas possibilitam a filtragem espacial e a estimação de parâmetros, ambos podem ser usados para se resolver problemas que antes não eram vistos pelo prisma de processamento de sinais. O objetivo dessa tese é superar a lacuna entre a teoria de processamento de sinais e as aplicações da mesma em problemas reais. Tradicionalmente, técnicas de processamento de sinais assumem a existência de um arranjo de antenas ideal. Portanto, para que tais técnicas sejam exploradas em aplicações reais, um conjunto robusto de métodos para interpolação do arranjo é fundamental. Estes métodos são desenvolvidos nesta tese. Além disso problemas no campo de redes de sensores e redes veiculares são tratados nesta tese utilizando-se uma perspectiva de processamento de sinais. Nessa tesa métodos inovadores de interpolação de arranjos são apresentados e sua performance é testada utilizando-se cenários reais. Conceitos de processamento de sinais são implementados no contexto de redes de sensores. Esses conceitos possibilitam um nível de sincronização suficiente para a aplicação de sistemas de múltiplas antenas distribuídos, o que resulta em uma rede com maior vida útil e melhor performance. Métodos de processamento de sinais em arranjos são propostos para resolver o problema de localização baseada em sinais de rádio em redes veiculares, com aplicações em segurança de estradas e proteção de pedestres. Esta tese foi escrita em língua inglesa, um sumário em língua portuguesa é apresentado ao final da mesma.
Array signal processing in wireless communication has been a topic of interest in research for over three decades. In the fourth generation (4G) of the wireless communication systems, also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), multi antenna systems have been adopted according to the Release 9 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). For the fifth generation (5G) of the wireless communication systems, hundreds of antennas should be incorporated to the devices in a massive multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) architecture. The presence of multiple antennas provides array gain, diversity gain, spatial gain, and interference reduction. Furthermore, arrays enable spatial filtering and parameter estimation, which can be used to help solve problems that could not previously be addressed from a signal processing perspective. The aim of this thesis is to bridge some gaps between signal processing theory and real world applications. Array processing techniques traditionally assume an ideal array. Therefore, in order to exploit such techniques, a robust set of methods for array interpolation are fundamental and are developed in this work. Problems in the field of wireless sensor networks and vehicular networks are also addressed from an array signal processing perspective. In this dissertation, novel methods for array interpolation are presented and their performance in real world scenarios is evaluated. Signal processing concepts are implemented in the context of a wireless sensor network. These concepts provide a level of synchronization sufficient for distributed multi antenna communication to be applied, resulting in improved lifetime and improved overall network behaviour. Array signal processing methods are proposed to solve the problem of radio based localization in vehicular network scenarios with applications in road safety and pedestrian protection.
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Trindade, Diego von Brixen Montzel. "Modelagem e simulação de metamaterial para isolamento de campo próximo entre elementos de antenas phased-array." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3221.
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Previous issue date: 2011Phased-Array antennas are becoming the primary choice for wireless communication solutions. This is due to the fact that controllers already have the computational power required to deal with adaptive algorithms that control the amplitude and phase (through changes in the reactance) of the currents on the array elements in real-time. Along with the increased usage of this technology, the problems related to mutual electromagnetic coupling between elements become evident. On arrays consisted of only one active element and multiple parasite elements (which steer the radiation pattern), as is the case of the ESPAR antenna, it is desirable to have maximum mutual coupling between each parasite element and the active one, however the mutual coupling between parasite elements decreases the overall efficiency of adaptive algorithm being used to optimize the radiating pattern of the array. A solution that has been shown to be effective to minimize the near-field mutual coupling is the use of metamaterials, whose electric and magnetic properties are not found in other natural materials. These metamaterials are capable of attenuating, and even eliminating, the amplitude of electromagnetic waves on specific frequencies. This thesis proposes the use of metamaterials to minimize the near-field mutual coupling between parasite elements of an ESPAR antenna.
Antenas phased-array são cada vez mais utilizadas em soluções de comunicação wireless. Isto se deve ao fato de os processadores já terem um poder computacional suficiente para lidar com algoritmos adaptativos que controlam a amplitude e a fase das correntes nos elementos do array em tempo-real. Junto com o crescente uso desta tecnologia surge o problema do acoplamento eletromagnético entre elementos. No caso de arrays com um elemento irradiante e múltiplos elementos passivos (e. g. Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator - ESPAR), o acoplamento entre cada elemento passivo e o elemento ativo é desejável, porém o acoplamento entre elementos passivos representa um esforço a mais que o algoritmo adaptativo deverá fazer para otimizar o diagrama de irradiação. Uma solução que tem se mostrado eficiente para o problema do acoplamento no near-field é o uso de metamateriais, cujas propriedades eletromagnéticas não são encontradas em materiais naturais, e são capazes de atenuar a amplitude de ondas eletromagnéticas em freqüências específicas. Neste contexto, o trabalho em questão propõe o uso de metamaterial para minimizar o acoplamento eletromagnético entre os elementos passivos de uma antena ESPAR.
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Cormier, Yannick. "Performance, Manufacturability and Mechanical Properties of Near-Net Shaped Pyramidal Fin Arrays for Compact Heat Exchangers Produced Using Cold Spray as an Additive Manufacturing Technique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34981.
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Significant efforts have been made in the last decades to decrease the world’s dependency to fossil fuels. One of the fronts which has shown major improvement is gas turbine efficiency. To this end, components such as recuperators have been developed to recover heat that is usually trapped and wasted in the exhaust gases of combustion processes. Brayton Energy Canada has recently developed a promising compact heat exchanger that could be used as a recuperator in gas turbines. Nevertheless, this novel type of wire mesh heat exchanger still has room for improvement, especially regarding the way that its fin arrays are manufactured due to the fact that the technique presently used is time consuming and consequently costly. The present research aims to manufacture near-net shaped pin fin arrays using cold gas dynamic spray as an additive manufacturing technique by selectively covering the substrate by the means of a mask.
Moreover, this research work studies the feasibility of using CGDS as an additive manufacturing technique to produce pin fin arrays, the thermal and hydrodynamic performances of this new type of pin fin created, the effect of geometric parameters such as fin density and height on the performances, the viability of the sprayed pin fins in a real environment by means of finding mechanical properties such as adhesion strength, the possibility of producing a streamwise material anisotropic fin arrays, and finally the different adhesion mechanisms by means of numerical modeling of the relevant impact physics.
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Lorandel, Jordane. "Etude de la consommation énergétique de systèmes de communications numériques sans fil implantés sur cible FPGA." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0036/document.
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Les systèmes de communications sans fil n'ont cessé d'évoluer ces dernières années, poussés par de fortes demandes du marché en systèmes toujours plus autonomes et performants. Ainsi, de nouvelles contraintes de conception sont apparues de manière à mieux prendre en compte les aspects énergétiques et ainsi améliorer la durée de vie des batteries et des circuits. Actuellement, les systèmes de communications numériques sans fil consomment d'importantes quantités d'énergie. D'autre part, la complexité des systèmes croît de génération en génération afin de satisfaire toujours plus d'utilisateurs avec un haut niveau de performances. Dans ce contexte à fortes contraintes, les circuits de type FPGA apparaissent comme une technologie attractive, pouvant supporter des circuits numériques complexes grâce à leur grand nombre de ressources. Pour pouvoir concevoir les futurs systèmes de communications numériques sans fil sur ce type de circuit, les concepteurs de tels systèmes doivent pouvoir estimer la consommation et les performances au plus tôt dans la phase de conception. De cette façon, ils pourront explorer l'espace de conception et effectuer des choix d'implémentation afin d'optimiser leurs systèmes. Durant cette thèse, une méthodologie a été proposée dont les objectifs sont d'estimer rapidement et à haut niveau la consommation de leurs circuits implantés sur FPGA ainsi que leurs performances, d'explorer l'espace de conception, de comparer efficacement plusieurs systèmes entre eux, tout en assurant une bonne précision de l'estimation. La méthodologie repose sur une phase de caractérisation de composants IP matériels ainsi que de leur modélisation en Systeme. Dans un second temps, une représentation haut-niveau du système entier est réalisée à partir de la librairie des modèles Systeme de chaque IP. A travers des simulations haut-niveau, les utilisateurs peuvent tester rapidement de multiples configurations de leur système. Un des caractères innovants de l'approche repose sur l'utilisation de signaux clés qui permettent de tenir compte des comportements dynamiques des composants IP, c-à-d leur temps d'activité (actif/inactif), au sein du système et ainsi obtenir des estimations précises. Les nombreux gains de la méthodologie ont été démontrés à travers plusieurs exemples de systèmes de communications numériques sans fil comme une chaîne de traitement en bande de base de type SISO-OFDM générique, des émetteurs LTE etc. Pour conclure, les limitations ont été adressées et des solutions d'optimisation ont pu être envisagées puis mises en placeWireless communication systems are still evolving since the last decades, driven by the growing demand of the electronic market for energy efficient and high performance devices. Thereby, new design constraints have appeared that aim at taking into account power consumption in order to improve battery-life of circuits. Current wireless communication systems commonly dissipate a lot of power. On the other hand, the complexity of such systems keeps on increasing through the generations to always satisfy more users at a high degree of performance. In this highly constrained context, FPGA devices seem to be an attractive technology, able to support complex systems thanks to their important number of resources. According to the FPGA nature, designers need to estimate the power consumption and the performance of their wireless communication systems as soon as possible in the design flow. In this way, they will be able to perform efficient design space exploration and make decisive implementation and optimization choices. Throughout this thesis, a power estimation methodology for hardware-focused FPGA device is described and aims at making design space exploration a lot easier, providing early and fast power and performance estimation at high-level. It also proposes an efficient way to efficiently compare several systems. The methodology is effective through an lP characterisation step and the development of their SystemC models. Then, a high level description of the entire system is realized from the SystemC models that have been previously developed. High-level simulations enable to check the functionality and evaluate the power and performance of the system. One of the contributions consists in monitoring the JP time-activities during the simulation. We show that this has an important impact on both power and performances. The effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated throughout several baseband processing chains of the wireless communication domain such as a SISO-OFDM generic chain, LTE transmitters etc. To conclude, the main limitations of the proposed methodology have been investigated and addressed
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Vilmann, Peter. "Endoscopic ultrasonography with curved array transducer in diagnosis of cancer in and adjacent to the upper gastrointestinal tract : scanning and guided fine needle aspiration biopsy /." Copenhagen : Munksgaard, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007939492&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Trindade, Diego Von Brixen Montzel. "Modelagem e simula??o de metamaterial para isolamento de campo pr?ximo entre elementos de antenas phased-array." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3033.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-31Antenas phased-array s?o cada vez mais utilizadas em solu??es de comunica??o wireless. Isto se deve ao fato de os processadores j? terem um poder computacional suficiente para lidar com algoritmos adaptativos que controlam a amplitude e a fase das correntes nos elementos do array em tempo-real. Junto com o crescente uso desta tecnologia surge o problema do acoplamento eletromagn?tico entre elementos. No caso de arrays com um elemento irradiante e m?ltiplos elementos passivos (e.g. Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator - ESPAR), o acoplamento entre cada elemento passivo e o elemento ativo ? desej?vel, por?m o acoplamento entre elementos passivos representa um esfor?o a mais que o algoritmo adaptativo dever? fazer para otimizar o diagrama de irradia??o. Uma solu??o que tem se mostrado eficiente para o problema do acoplamento no near-field ? o uso de metamateriais, cujas propriedades eletromagn?ticas n?o s?o encontradas em materiais naturais, e s?o capazes de atenuar a amplitude de ondas eletromagn?ticas em freq??ncias espec?ficas. Neste contexto, o trabalho em quest?o prop?e o uso de metamaterial para minimizar o acoplamento eletromagn?tico entre os elementos passivos de uma antena ESPAR
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Jíša, Pavel. "Využití jazyka C při implementaci algoritmů pro FPGA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219682.
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This diploma thesis is engaged in implementations of algorithms for signal filtering in the field programmable gate array utilising the C and ImpulseC programming language. It is focused on one-dimensional FIR and IIR filters and also two-dimensional such as convolution and Sobel's operator. Moreover, evaluations of these filter algorithms are included.
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大岡, 昌博, Masahiro OHKA, 浩嗣 古賀, Hiroshi KOGA, 徹. 宮岡, Tetsu MIYAOKA, 保永 三矢, and Yasunaga MITSUYA. "高密度ピンアレイ形触覚マウスによる格子状仮想テクスチャ呈示 (第１報,触覚マウスの試作と性能評価実験法の確立)." 日本機械学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9056.
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Shirai, Alysson Hikaru. "Estudo e implementação de sistemas de localização em hardware de lógica programável para utilização em rede de sensores sem fio." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/511.
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CAPESRedes de sensores sem fio (RSSF) têm sido tema central de diversos estudos na atualidade. Em certas aplicações, como, por exemplo, as que necessitam saber de onde os dados estão sendo enviados ou em casos em que o próprio nó sensor precisa saber sua posição para executar alguma ação, mecanismos de localização se tornam imprescindíveis. Porém, a execução deste tipo de algoritmo é custosa para os nós sensores. Concomitantemente, o advento das low power FPGAs têm viabilizado a aplicação de dispositivos programáveis em RSSFs e aplicações envolvendo reconfiguração dinâmica de FPGA em nós sensores têm aumentado o uso destes dispositivos nestas redes. Unindo-se estas demandas, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar e implementar sistemas de localização em hardware de lógica programável, visando atender aplicações voltadas a RSSF. Utilizando-se no nó sensor um bloco de hardware dedicado para realizar os cálculos de posição minimiza a utilização de seu CPU, podendo este hardware, inclusive, ser apenas uma parte de um sistema maior implementado na FPGA. O processo de localização baseia-se na utilização das distâncias entre o nó de posição desconhecida e os nós de referência, determinadas através de medição de RSSI, e o uso de algoritmos específicos que calculam a posição desejada. As principais etapas foram: revisão da literatura, modelagem do comportamento das medições de RSSI, análise do desempenho dos algoritmos e projeto de hardware. Através das simulações realizadas pôde-se desenvolver metodologias e ferramentas para a geração otimizada do hardware de localização. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho possibilitou analisar a aplicabilidade do ponto flutuante e ponto fixo, definir a arquitetura adequada para o hardware e o dimensionamento adequado da quantidade de bits necessária nas implementações.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been the central theme of many researches in actuality. In certain applications, like, for example, the ones that need to know from where the data is being sent or in cases which the sensor node need to know its own position to perform some action, location mechanism is indispensable. However, the execution of these algorithms is costly for the sensor nodes. Concomitantly, the advent of low power FPGAs made feasible the application of programmable devices in WSNs and applications involving dynamic reconfiguration of FPGA in sensor nodes increased the use of these devices in WSNs. Joining these demands, the goal of this master thesis is to study and implement locating systems in programmable logic hardware, aiming at meeting applications in WSN. Employing a dedicated hardware block in sensor node to compute the position minimizes its CPU usage, and this hardware can even be just a part of a larger system implemented in FPGA. The localization process is based on the use of distances, measured between the sensor node with unknown position and the reference nodes, determined from RSSI measurements, and the use of specific algorithms that calculate the desired position. The main steps were: review of the literature, modeling the behavior of the RSSI measurements, performance analysis of the algorithms and hardware design. Through the performed simulations it was possible to develop methodologies and tools to generate optimized locating hardware. The development of this work allowed to evaluate the feasibility of the floating point and fixed point, to set the appropriate architecture for the hardware and to find the proper dimension of the number of bits required in the implementations.
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Vandelle, Erika. "Exploration de solutions antennaires et de formation passive de faisceaux pour la récupération et le transfert d’énergie sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT060.
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La récupération d’énergie électromagnétique provenant de sources ambiantes ou intentionnelles, de fréquences allant de 100 MHz à 10 GHz, est apparue ces dernières années comme une solution prometteuse pour développer l’électronique autoalimentée. Cependant, les faibles densités de puissance, généralement plus faibles que 1 μW.cm-2, engendrent de faibles efficacités de redressement et de faibles sensibilités, et la diversité des signaux ambients (direction d’arrivée et polarisation inconnues et variant dans le temps) ne permet pas d’utiliser des antennes directives.Dans cette thèse, les techniques de combinaison de la puissance RF ou DC dans des systèmes de récupération d’énergie à multiples antennes, associées à des structures originales, sont étudiées pour faire face aux différents verrous technologiques. De plus, une nouvelle Figure-de-Mérite, décrivant la capacité d’un système à récupérer de l’énergie ambiante, est développée avec des termes de probabilités représentant la diversité fréquentielle, spatiale et de polarisation des signaux ambiants.La première partie de cette thèse se consacre à la conception d’antennes et de rectennas individuelles efficaces. Des prototypes peu chers et recyclables sont proposés sur un substrat papier grâce à une technique originale de réduction des pertes.Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, l’efficacité de conversion RF-DC est améliorée à travers la combinaison de la puissance RF avant le processus de redressement, sans pour autant réduire la couverture spatiale du système. Pour cela, une structure 3D multidirectionnelle de réseaux d’antennes associés à des réseaux interférométriques passifs, pour la formation de faisceaux, est conçue, afin d’obtenir un diagramme de rayonnement multidirectionnel à fort gain. Cette solution inspirée des systèmes de radar et impliquant des matrices de Butler, aboutit à une haute efficacité de conversion RF-DC ainsi qu’à une couverture spatiale optimale. Ainsi, une capacité à récupérer de l’énergie plus grande que celles de l’état-de-l’art est obtenue.La dernière partie de cette thèse propose de remédier à la limite en sensibilité de la combinaison de puissance RF, plus faible qu’avec une combinaison DC en série de la puissance, grâce à un système reconfigurable. Pour cela, des cellules unitaires de rectennas sont conçues afin de former un réseau interférométrique adaptable et extensible, qui offre la possibilité d’obtenir un système hautement efficace et sensible à la fois. Cette solution peut servir à la récupération d’énergie, à la localisation passive et autonome ou à des applications RFIDWireless energy harvesting (WEH) of ambient or intentional electromagnetic power sources of frequency ranging from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, has appeared as a promising solution to develop self-powered electronics in the past decades. However, the low power densities available, usually lower than 1 uW.cm-2, result in a limited RF-to-DC conversion efficiency and sensitivity of the energy harvesting system (rectenna) and the ambient signal diversities (unknown and time-varying direction of arrival, polarization) prohibit the use of directive antennas.In this thesis, the power combination techniques of Radio Frequency (RF) or Direct Current (DC) power in multi-antenna WEH systems, together with original structures, are investigated to address those challenges. Besides, a new Figure-of-Merit (harvesting capability) for rectennas operating in ambient scenarios is derived with probabilistic terms representing the frequency, polarization and spatial diversities of ambient signals.The first part of this thesis focuses on the design of efficient antenna and rectenna elements. Eco-responsible and low-cost prototypes are proposed by using a paper substrate along with an original strategy for the reduction of the losses.In the second part of this work, the rectification efficiency of a WEH system is enhanced through the combination of the RF power prior to the rectification process, without reduction of the spatial coverage. For this, a 3D multidirectional structure of scanning antenna arrays using passive beam-forming networks is designed to obtain a multidirectional high gain aggregate pattern. This radar-inspired solution involving Butler matrices results in a highly efficient RF-to-DC power conversion along with an optimal angular coverage, which leads to a harvesting capability higher than the state-of-the-art.The last part of this work addresses the limited sensitivity of the RF combination technique compared to that obtained with the series DC combination technique thanks to a reconfigurable system. To this end, modular rectenna unit cells are designed to form a scalable and adaptative interferometric beam-forming network, which offers the possibility to achieve a highly efficient and sensitive WEH system. This solution is suitable for low-power energy harvesting, autonomous passive tracking or RFID applications
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Hussein, Ali Abdulsattar. "Photonic Integrated Circuits Utilizing Nano-Electromechanical Systems on Silicon-on-Insulator Platform for Software Defined Networking in Elastic Optical Networks: New Insights Into Phased Array Systems, Tunable WDM, and Cascaded FIR and IIR Architectures." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39592.
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Optical communications systems operate at the limits of their margins to respond to increasing capacity demands. Some of the signal processing functions required must soon operate at speeds beyond electronic implementation. Optical signal processors are fundamentally analog which requires precise control of the operating state. Programmable optical components are consequently essential. The thesis explores and elucidates the properties of meshes of generalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers (GMZIs) amenable to silicon (Si) photonics integration that are based on multimode interference couplers with programmability achieved via voltage controlled phase-shift elements within the interferometer arms to perform a variety of finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) signal processing functions.
The thesis presents a novel class of integrated photonic phased array systems with a single-stage, multistage, and feedback architectures. The designed photonic integrated systems utilize nano-electromechanical-system (NEMS) operated phase shifters of cascaded free suspended slot waveguides that are compact and require a small amount of power to operate. The structure of the integrated photonic phased array switch (IPPAS) elements is organized such that it brings the NEMS-operated phase shifters to the exterior sides of the construction; facilitating electrical connection. The transition slot couplers used to interconnect the phase shifters to the rest of the silicon structure are designed to enable biasing one of the silicon beams of each phase shifter from an electrode located at the side of the phase shifter. The other silicon beam of each phase shifter is biased through the rest of the silicon structure of the fabric, which is taken as a ground. Phased array processors of 2×2 and 4×4 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) ports are conveniently designed within reasonable footprints native to the current fabrication technologies. The response of the single-stage 4×4 broadband IPPAS element is determined, and its phase synthesis states required for single-throw, double-throw and broadcast routing operations are predicted. The transmission responses of the single-stage wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) processors of 2×2 and 4×4 MIMO ports are simulated. The wavelength steering capability of the transmission interferograms by applying progressive phase shifts through the array of NEMS-operated phase shift elements of the single-stage 4×4 WDM (de)multiplexer is demonstrated.
The advantages of cascading broadband and WDM phased array sections are articulated through several study cases. Five different cascaded phased array architectures are trialed for the construction of non-blocking 4×4 IPPAS broadband switches that are essential elements in the construction of universal photonic processors. A cascaded 2×2 WDM (de)multiplexer that can set the bandwidth of the (de)multiplexed cyclic channels into a binary number of programmable values is demonstrated. The envelope and wavelength modulations of the transmission responses utilizing a cascaded forward structure of three 2×2 sections that can be utilized for the (de)multiplexing of different bandwidth channels are demonstrated providing individual wavelength steering capability of the narrowband and wideband channels and the individual wavelength steering capability of the slow envelope and wavelength modulating functions. Innovative universal 2×2 and 4×4 cascaded phased array processors of advanced high-order architectures that can function as both non-blocking broadband routers and tunable WDM (de)multiplexers with spectrum steering and bandwidth control of the (de)multiplexed demands are introduced.
The multimode interference (MMI) coupler is utilized for the construction of several IIR feedback photonic processors. Tunable photonic feedback processors have the advantage of using less number of MMI couplers compared to their counterparts of FIR forward-path processors saving on the footprint and loss merits. A passive feedback 2×2 (de)multiplexer made of a 4×4 MMI coupler and two loopback paths is proposed. The inclusion of an imbalance in the lengths of the loopback paths of the same symmetrical feedback (de)multiplexer is demonstrated to achieve wavelength modulation of the (de)multiplexed transmission responses that are useful for the (de)multiplexing of different bandwidth channels. Several newly introduced IIR feedback architectures are demonstrated to function similarly as their counterparts of FIR forward-path processors as binary bandwidth variable (de)multiplexers, envelope and wavelength modulation (de)multiplexers, and universal feedback processors.
The investigation provided in this thesis is also supported with dynamic zero-pole evolution analysis in the complex plane of analysis of the studied FIR and IIR photonic processors to enhance understanding the principle of operation. This research expands the prospective for constructing innovative silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based optical processors for applications in modern optical communication systems and programmable elastic optical networks (EONs).
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Vykydal, Martin. "Zpracování signálu z digitálního mikrofonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218904.
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The aim of this work is to implement digital filters into programmable gate array. The work also includes a description of the MEMS technology, including comparisons with the technology of MEMS microphones from various manufacturers. Another part is devoted to the Sigma-delta modulation. The main section is the design and implementation of digital CIC and FIR filters for signal processing of digital microphone, including simulation and verification of properties of the proposed filter in Matlab.
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大岡, 昌博, Masahiro OHKA, 浩嗣 古賀, Hiroshi KOGA, 徹. 宮岡, Tetsu MIYAOKA, 保永 三矢, and Yasunaga MITSUYA. "高密度ピンアレイ形触覚マウスによる格子状仮想テクスチャ呈示 (第２報,触知ピン間隔,テクスチャ密度および畝高さの検討)." 日本機械学会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9055.
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Villafañe, Roca Laura. "Experimental Aerothermal Performance of Turbofan Bypass Flow Heat Exchangers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34774.
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The path to future aero-engines with more efficient engine architectures requires advanced
thermal management technologies to handle the demand of refrigeration and lubrication. Oil
systems, holding a double function as lubricant and coolant circuits, require supplemental
cooling sources to the conventional fuel based cooling systems as the current oil thermal
capacity becomes saturated with future engine developments. The present research focuses on
air/oil coolers, which geometrical characteristics and location are designed to minimize
aerodynamic effects while maximizing the thermal exchange. The heat exchangers composed
of parallel fins are integrated at the inner wall of the secondary duct of a turbofan. The
analysis of the interaction between the three-dimensional high velocity bypass flow and the
heat exchangers is essential to evaluate and optimize the aero-thermodynamic performances,
and to provide data for engine modeling. The objectives of this research are the development
of engine testing methods alternative to flight testing, and the characterization of the
aerothermal behavior of different finned heat exchanger configurations.
A new blow-down wind tunnel test facility was specifically designed to replicate the engine
bypass flow in the region of the splitter. The annular sector type test section consists on a
complex 3D geometry, as a result of three dimensional numerical flow simulations. The flow
evolves over the splitter duplicated at real scale, guided by helicoidally shaped lateral walls.
The development of measurement techniques for the present application involved the design
of instrumentation, testing procedures and data reduction methods. Detailed studies were
focused on multi-hole and fine wire thermocouple probes.
Two types of test campaigns were performed dedicated to: flow measurements along the test
section for different test configurations, i.e. in the absence of heat exchangers and in the
presence of different heat exchanger geometries, and heat transfer measurements on the heat
exchanger. As a result contours of flow velocity, angular distributions, total and static
pressures, temperatures and turbulence intensities, at different bypass duct axial positions, as
well as wall pressures along the test section, were obtained. The analysis of the flow
development along the test section allowed the understanding of the different flow behaviors
for each test configuration. Comparison of flow variables at each measurement plane
permitted quantifying and contrasting the different flow disturbances. Detailed analyses of the
flow downstream of the heat exchangers were assessed to characterize the flow in the fins¿
wake region. The aerodynamic performance of each heat exchanger configuration was
evaluated in terms of non dimensional pressure losses. Fins convective heat transfer
characteristics were derived from the infrared fin surface temperature measurements through a
new methodology based on inverse heat transfer methods coupled with conductive heat flux
models. The experimental characterization permitted to evaluate the cooling capacity of the
investigated type of heat exchangers for the design operational conditions. Finally, the
thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger at different points of the flight envelope during a
typical commercial mission was estimated by extrapolating the convective properties of the
flow to flight conditions.Villafañe Roca, L. (2013). Experimental Aerothermal Performance of Turbofan Bypass Flow Heat Exchangers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34774
TESIS
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Bazzi, Ahmad. "Techniques d'estimation de paramètres pour la localisation à l'intérieur via WiFi." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0051/document.
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Dans un environnement intérieur, le problème de l'extraction du composant l'Angle de Arrivée de la Line-of-Sight entre un émetteur et un récepteur Wi-Fi utilisant un lien SIMO est la principale préoccupation de cette thèse. Un des principaux défis à relever est dû au riche canal multipath que les environnements intérieurs apprécient. C'est ainsi parce que multipath résulte du fait que le canal de propagation se compose de plusieurs obstacles et réflecteurs. Ainsi, le signal reçu arrive comme un ensemble imprévisible de réflexions et / ou d'ondes directes avec son degré d'atténuation et de retard. D'autres défis sont la limitation des ressources, telles que le nombre d'antennes, la bande passante disponible et le rapport Signal / Bruit; sans parler des «imperfections» Wi-Fi, telles que les disparités de gain / phase entre les antennes et les problèmes de synchronisation entre l'émetteur et le récepteur. Dans cette thèse, notre objectif principal est de mettre en place un système en temps réel qui pourrait mesurer l'angle entre un émetteur et un récepteur en présence de tous les défis. En particulier, nous avons pris en compte tous les facteurs qui perturbent le problème d'estimation de l'angle articulaire et du délai et formulé un modèle de système en conséquence. Ces facteurs sont les suivants: Sampling Frequency offset (SFO), Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), et Phase/Delay offsets à chaque antenne. Pour compenser l'efficacité de ces facteurs critiques, nous proposons une méthode d'étalonnage optimale pour compenser tous leurs effets. Cette thèse comprendra également d'autres méthodes théoriques qui doivent faire face au problème d'estimation de l'angle d'arrivée, à partir du point de vue de la compression et du traitement du signalIn an indoor environment, the problem of extracting the Angle-of-Arrival of the Line-of-Sight component between a transmitter and Wi-Fi receiver using a SIMO link is the main concern of this thesis. One main challenge in doing so is due to the rich multipath channel that indoor environments enjoy. This is so because multipath results from the fact that the propagation channel consists of several obstacles and reflectors. Thus, the received signal arrives as an unpredictable set of reflections and/or direct waves each with its own degree of attenuation and delay. Other challenges are limitation of resources, such as number of antennas, available bandwidth, and Signal-to-Noise-Ratio; not to mention the Wi-Fi ”imperfections”, such as gain/phase mismatches between antennas and synchronisation issues between transmitter and receiver. In this thesis, our main focus is implementing a real-time system that could measure the angle between a transmitter and receiver in the presence of all challenges. In particular, we have taken into account all factors that perturb the Joint Angle and Delay estimation problem and formulated a system model accordingly. These factors are: Sampling Frequency offset (SFO), Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), Phase and Delay offsets at each antenna. To compensate for the effect of these critical factors, we propose an offline calibration method to compensate for all their effects. This thesis will also include other theoretical methods that have to deal with Angle-of-Arrival Estimation problem from compressed sensing and signal processing point of views
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Rozé, Antoine. "Massive MIMO, une approche angulaire pour les futurs systèmes multi-utilisateurs aux longueurs d’onde millimétriques." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0014/document.
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La densification des réseaux allant de pair avec le déploiement de petites cellules, les systèmes Massive MIMO disposent de caractéristiques prometteuses pour accroître la capacité des réseaux au travers des techniques de formation de faisceau, appelées beamforming. Les transmissions aux longueurs d’onde millimétriques (mmWave) sont, quant à elle, très convoitées car, non seulement les bandes passantes exploitables sont extrêmement larges, mais le canal de propagation est principalement Line-of-Sight (LOS), ce qui correspond à la visibilité directe entre le terminal et la station de base. L’attrait que peut avoir un système multi-utilisateurs Massive MIMO à de telles fréquences provient, en partie, du faible encombrement du réseau d’antennes, mais aussi du fort gain de beamforming dont il permet de bénéficier afin de contrecarrer les fortes pertes en espace libre que subissent les signaux à de telles longueurs d’onde. Dans un premier temps nous montrons comment l’augmentation de la fréquence porteuse impacte les performances de deux précodeurs connus. Au travers d’une modélisation déterministe et géométrique du canal, on simule un scénario Outdoor à faible mobilité et à forte densité de population en mettant en avant l’influence du trajet direct et des trajets réfléchis sur les performances. Plus précisément on prouve qu’en configuration purement LOS, le précodeur Zero-Forcing est beaucoup plus sensible à la structure du réseau d’antennes, et à la position des utilisateurs, que le Conjugate Beamforming (aussi connu sous le nom de retournement temporel). On introduit alors un précodeur basé uniquement sur la position angulaire des utilisateurs dans la cellule en référence à la station de base, puis l’on compare ses performances à celles des deux autres. La robustesse d’une telle implémentation à une erreur d’estimation d’angles est illustrée pour un scénario spécifique afin de souligner la pertinence des solutions angulaires, une direction étant plus facile à estimer et son évolution dans le temps plus prévisible.On décrit dans un second temps comment la connaissance des positions angulaires des utilisateurs permet d’accroître la capacité de la cellule par le biais d’un procédé d’allocation de puissance reposant sur une évaluation de l’interférence que chaque faisceau génère sur les autres. On prouve à l’aide de simulations que l’obtention de cette interférence, même exprimée sous une forme très simplifiée, permet d’améliorer très nettement la capacité totale de la cellule. Enfin, nous introduisons les systèmes Hybrides Numériques et Analogiques ayant récemment été proposés afin de permettre à une station de base de conserver un large nombre d’antennes, nécessaire à l’obtention d’un fort gain de beamforming, tout en réduisant le nombre de chaînes Radiofréquences (RF). On commence par décrire une solution permettant à un terminal de former un faisceau dont la direction s’adapte à sa propre inclinaison, en temps réel, pour toujours viser la station de base. On compare ensuite les performances de tels récepteurs, associés à des stations de base Massive MIMO, avec celles d’une solution hybride connue, le nombre de chaînes RF des deux systèmes étant identiques. Principalement, la flexibilité et la capacité d’évolution de ces systèmes est mise en avant, ces deux atouts étant particulièrement pertinents pour de nombreux environnements à forte densité de populationAs wireless communication networks are driven toward densification with small cell deployments, massive MIMO technology shows great promises to boost capacity through beamforming techniques. It is also well known that millimeter-Wave systems are going to be an important part of future dense network solutions because, not only do they offer high bandwidth, but channel is mostly Line-of-Sight (LOS). The attractiveness of using a multi-user Massive MIMO system at these frequencies comes partly from the reduced size of a many antenna base station, but also from the high beamforming gains they provide, which is highly suited to combat the high path losses experienced at such small wavelengths. First we show how raising the carrier frequency impacts the performance of some linear precoders widely used in Massive MIMO systems. By means of a geometrical deterministic channel model, we simulate a dense outdoor scenario and highlight the influence of the direct and multi-paths components. More importantly we prove that, in a Line-of-Sight (LOS) configuration, the discriminating skill of the well-known Zero Forcing precoder is much more sensitive to the antenna array structure and the user location than the Conjugate Beamforming precoder, also known as Time-Reversal. A precoder based on the knowledge of the angular position of all users is then introduced and compared to the other precoders based on channel response knowledge. Its robustness against angle estimation error is illustrated for a specific scenario and serves to back up the importance such a solution represents for future dense 5G networks, angular information being easier to estimate, and more so to keep track of.After that, we show how the knowledge of Directions of Arrival can be used to increase the sum capacity of a multi-user transmission through leakage based power allocation. This allocation uses an estimation of inter-user interference, referred to as Leakage, and we show through simulations how this factor, even under its most simplified form, improves realistic transmissions. Moreover this solution is not iterative and is extremely easy to implement which makes it particularly well suited for high deployment scenarios.Finally we introduce the Hybrid Analog and Digital Beamforming systems that have recently emerged to retain a high number of antennas without as many Radio Frequency (RF) chains, in order to keep high beamforming gains while lowering the complexity of conceiving many antenna base stations. We first describe a user equipment solution allowing the system to form a beam that adapts to its own movement so that it always focuses its energy toward the base station, using an on-board analog array and an Inertial Measurement Unit. Then we compare the performance of a known Hybrid solution with a fully digital Massive MIMO system, having as many RF chains as the Hybrid system, but serving user equipments with beamforming abilities. Mostly we emphasize how such a system allows for great flexibility and evolution, both traits being invaluable features in many future networks
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Chiniard, Renaud. "Contribution à la modélisation de la surface équivalente radar des grandes antennes réseaux par une approche multi domaine/Floquet." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30295.
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Cette étude propose de traiter les grandes antennes réseaux par une approche originale permettant d’atteindre des problèmes dont les grandes dimensions les rendent inaccessibles aux méthodes classiques et rigoureuses. Ainsi, la première partie est consacrée à la description des méthodes employées. La première d’entre elles est la méthode multi domaine qui permet de découper en sous domaines le problème initial. Chaque domaine est alors calculé à l’aide de la méthode numérique (équations intégrales, éléments finis,…) la plus appropriée dans le but d’obtenir un opérateur condensé (matrice S) pour chacun des sous domaines de manière indépendante. La grande force de cette méthode réside dans son approche modulaire qui la rend très efficace dans les études paramétriques par réutilisation des matrices S des volumes inchangés. Nous présentons ensuite le développement en modes de Floquet utilisable dans le cadre de structures planes, infinies et périodiques. Il permet de réduire le problème que nous traitons à la taille de la cellule élémentaire. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons l’hybridation des deux méthodes précédemment introduites. Ce couplage de méthode est accompagné d’un cas canonique de validation (réseau de guide rectangulaire) qui, en plus de valider notre approche, a permis la mise en place d’indicateurs physiques. Nous apportons dans le chapitre suivant deux modularités supplémentaires pour traiter des problèmes plus réalistes de réseaux sur structure. Le dernier chapitre confronte notre code à des mesures effectuées sur une maquette d’antenne réseau réelle. Il permet de jauger le potentiel de la méthode présentée. Au terme de cette étude, un outil a été développé et il permet de calculer la Surface Équivalente Radar des grandes antennes réseaux insérées dans leurs supports et pour différentes conditions d’impédances au niveau des accèsThis study proposes to treat large array antennas with an original approach. It makes it possible to reach problems whose great dimensions lead traditional and rigorous methods to be unsuccessful. The first part is devoted to the description of the employed methods. The first one is the multi domain method which makes it possible to split in sub domains the initial problem. Each domain is then calculated using the numerical method (integral equations, finite elements,…) adapted. It allows to obtain a condensed operator (S matrix) for each sub domain in an uncoupled way. Once they have been put together with the feeding, the problem can be solved. The main advantage lies in the modular approach which makes it very efficient in parametric studies by re-use of the matrices S of unchanged volumes. We further present the development in Floquet modes, assuming the planar, infinite and periodic hypothesis. It thus makes it possible to reduce the problem to the size of the elementary cell. In the second part, the hybridization of the two methods previously introduced is shown. It is discussed on a rectangular guide array case which, in addition to validating our approach, allows the installation of physical indicators. To enhance our tool, in the next chapter we couple the array to its mechanical support and propose an efficient modelling of this global realistic antenna. The final chapter makes it possible to confront our code with the measurements of one real array antenna. It allows to estimate all the capabilities of the method developed during this study. At the end of this study, a software tool has been developed and it makes it possible to calculate Radar Cross Section of the large antenna arrays inserted in their supports and for various conditions of feeding impedances
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Torres, Villa Robinsón Alberto. "Instrumental techniques for improving the measurements based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (Técnicas instrumentales para mejorar las mediciones con microbalanzas de cuarzo)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/17323.
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L'Electrogravimetria AC empra una microbalança de quars electroquímica (EQCM) en règim dinàmic. En l'EQCM un dels elèctrodes d'or depositats sobre el cristall és recobert amb una fina pelolícula d'un polímer electroactiv i és emprat com a elèctrode de treball (WE) dins d'una celola electroquímica. Les variacions de la freqüència de ressonància de la microbalança de quars (QCM) permeten obtindre la resposta massa associada amb la transferència de càrrega que es dóna en la interfície polímer-electròlit. L'Electrogravimetria AC va ser proposta a fi de caracteritzar i separadament identificar el moviment dels ions i el solvent en la interfície polímer-electròlit. En esta tècnica s'analitza en el domine de la freqüència la resposta de massa davant de xicotetes pertorbacions de voltatge gràcies a l'ocupació de la microbalança de quars en règim dinàmic. Per a este propòsit s'aplica una xicoteta pertorbació sinusoidal superposada a una tensió contínua, entre l'elèctrode de referència i l'elèctrode de treball de la celola. Posteriorment, es pot dibuixar la funció de transferència electrogravimètrica (EGTF), definida esta com la raó (?m/?E) entre l'amplitud dels canvis de massa induïts (?m) i l'amplitud de la pertorbació sinusoïdal aplicada (?E). Esta funció de transferència se dibuixa en un pla complex per a cada una de les freqüències de la senyal de pertorbació. Les distintes espècies iònicas involucrades són identificades en el pla complex per mitjà de bucles característics sempre que els bucles no se superposen.
Per mitjà d'esta tesi doctoral es proposa un nou sistema de conversió de freqüència-tensió basat en un doble ajust de freqüència implementat amb un PLL mesclant elements analògics i digitals (AD PLL). Els resultats trobats tant en la caracterització electrònica del dispositiu com en la fase experimental proven la fiabilitat del sistema per als mesuraments realitzats en la tècnica d'Electrogravimetria AC.Torres Villa, RA. (2007). Instrumental techniques for improving the measurements based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (Técnicas instrumentales para mejorar las mediciones con microbalanzas de cuarzo) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17323
Palancia
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Le, Pelleter Tugdual. "Méthode de discrétisation adaptée à une logique événementielle pour l'utra-faible consommation : application à la reconnaissance de signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT043/document.
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Les systèmes embarqués mobiles font partis intégrante de notre quotidien. Afin de les rendre plus adaptésaux usages, ils ont été miniaturisés et leur autonomie a été augmentée, parfois de façon très considérable.Toutefois, les propositions d’amélioration butent désormais sur les possibilités de la technologie des circuitsintégrés. Pour aller plus loin, il faut donc envisager de repenser la chaîne de traitement du signal afin deréduire la consommation de ces dispositifs. Cette thèse développe une approche originale pour exploiterefficacement l’échantillonnage par traversée de niveaux d’une part et, d’autre part, associe cet échantillonnageà une logique évènementielle afin de réduire drastiquement la consommation d’énergie des systèmesintégrés autonomes. Une méthode de discrétisation adaptée à une application de reconnaissance de signauxphysiologiques, utilisée comme exemple dans cette thèse, y est présentée. Un premier prototype en logiqueévènementielle (asynchrone) sur circuit FPGA a permis de valider cette stratégie et de démontrer les bénéficesde cet échantillonnage dédié en termes de réduction de l’activité par rapport à un échantillonnage uniforme.Un second prototype en logique asynchrone et conçu en technologie CMOS AMS 0.35 μm a permis de validerpar simulation électrique un gain extrêmement important sur la consommation électrique du dispositifOur everyday life is highly dependent on mobile embedded systems. In order to make them suitable to differentapplications, they have underwent size reduction and lifetime extension. However, these improvementsare currently limited by the possibilities of the integrated circuits technologies. In order to push back theboundaries, it is necessary to reconsider the whole digital signal processing chain from scratch to sustain thepower consumption reduction in this kind of system. This work develops on the first hand a strategy thatsmartly uses the level-crossing sampling scheme and on the other combines this sampling method with eventlogicto highly reduce the power consumption in mobile embedded systems. A discretisation method adaptedto the recognition of physiological patterns application is described. A first event-logic (asynchronous) prototypeimplemented on FPGA proved the potential benefits that an adapted sampling scheme could offersto reduce activity compared to a uniform sampling scheme. Electrical simulations performed on a secondprototype, also designed in asynchronous logic, with CMOS AMS 0.35 μm technology, validated a high gainin power consumption
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Masucci, Antonia Maria. "Moments method for random matrices with applications to wireless communication." Thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011SUPL0011/document.
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Dans cette thèse, on étudie l'application de la méthode des moments pour les télécommunications. On analyse cette méthode et on montre son importance pour l'étude des matrices aléatoires. On utilise le cadre de probabilités libres pour analyser cette méthode. La notion de produit de convolution/déconvolution libre peut être utilisée pour prédire le spectre asymptotique de matrices aléatoires qui sont asymptotiquement libres. On montre que la méthode de moments est un outil puissant même pour calculer les moments/moments asymptotiques de matrices qui n'ont pas la propriété de liberté asymptotique. En particulier, on considère des matrices aléatoires gaussiennes de taille finie et des matrices de Vandermonde al ?eatoires. On développe en série entiére la distribution des valeurs propres de differents modèles, par exemple les distributions de Wishart non-centrale et aussi les distributions de Wishart avec des entrées corrélées de moyenne nulle. Le cadre d'inference pour les matrices des dimensions finies est suffisamment souple pour permettre des combinaisons de matrices aléatoires. Les résultats que nous présentons sont implémentés en code Matlab en générant des sous-ensembles, des permutations et des relations d'équivalence. On applique ce cadre à l'étude des réseaux cognitifs et des réseaux à forte mobilité. On analyse les moments de matrices de Vandermonde aléatoires avec des entrées sur le cercle unitaire. On utilise ces moments et les détecteurs à expansion polynomiale pour décrire des détecteurs à faible complexité du signal transmis par des utilisateurs mobiles à une station de base (ou avec deux stations de base) représentée par des réseaux linéaires uniformesIn this thesis, we focus on the analysis of the moments method, showing its importance in the application of random matrices to wireless communication. This study is conducted in the free probability framework. The concept of free convolution/deconvolution can be used to predict the spectrum of sums or products of random matrices which are asymptotically free. In this framework, we show that the moments method is very appealing and powerful in order to derive the moments/asymptotic moments for cases when the property of asymptotic freeness does not hold. In particular, we focus on Gaussian random matrices with finite dimensions and structured matrices as Vandermonde matrices. We derive the explicit series expansion of the eigenvalue distribution of various models, as noncentral Wishart distributions, as well as correlated zero mean Wishart distributions. We describe an inference framework so flexible that it is possible to apply it for repeated combinations of random ma- trices. The results that we present are implemented generating subsets, permutations, and equivalence relations. We developped a Matlab routine code in order to perform convolution or deconvolution numerically in terms of a set of input moments. We apply this inference framework to the study of cognitive networks, as well as to the study of wireless networks with high mobility. We analyze the asymptotic moments of random Vandermonde matrices with entries on the unit circle. We use them and polynomial expansion detectors in order to design a low complexity linear MMSE decoder to recover the signal transmitted by mobile users to a base station or two base stations, represented by uniform linear arrays
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Šimeček, Ondřej. "Problematika šablonového tisku pájecí pasty pro součástky s malou roztečí vývodů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218992.
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Despote the indisputable advantages of fine-pitch components, is need to calculate with a few trouble during production, especially increased requirements for accuracy of mounting and solder printing. In this work I’m concerned with problems of solder printing for these components and evaluation using SPC. For the evaluation I used 3D paste inspection based on laser scanning of the surface. The output of this work is to describe the principles of solder printing and elaborating of GR&R, SPC analysis and histograms of solder printing for some outputs. I focused in my master thesis on motive design change of problematic components and economic evaluation of the adjustments.
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Chang, Jim M., and 張明. "Analysis of thermally optimized fin array." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24039929804845685842.
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碩士國立海洋大學
航海技術學系
83
This study presents the relationship between fin geometry and heat transfer rate in the optimum design of longitudinal fin arrays in forced convection. Four kinds of fin shapes: the rectangular, convex-parabolic, triangular, and concave- parabolic cross section are analyzed. The aspect ratio, interfin spacing, and heat transfer characteristics of the optimal array are determined chiefly by the basis of the fixed size of the total root area and the volume of all fins, and the assumptions of constant thermal properties. Through the modeling of derivative interfin spacing, it has determined the optimum aspect ratio as well as the spacing decreases while the total heat transfer rate increases at high Biot number. In the chosen four profile, the heat transfer rate gained the most in the arrays with concave- parabolic profile, whereas the rectangular design gained the least. The optimum aspect ratio and interfin spacing are inversely proportional to the profile index. From the modeling of derivative fin base thickness, it is concluded that the aspect ratio of optimal fin arrays has very little to do with the Biot numbers. Both the dimensionless heat transfer rate and fin spacing increase with fin parameter and Biot number. The heat duties of optimum arrays are ranked in the following order: 1. rectangular-fin, 2. convex-parabolic- fin, 3. triangular-fin, 4.concave-parabolic-fin arrays. However, the differences in heat duty are not significicant for the above-mentioned four arrays. The influence of humidity of ambient air is also important. It shows that a significant reduction in optimum aspect ratio and interfin spacing when relative humidity is increased. The added moisture has enhances the heat transfer rate in all cases. The results of this work are presented in dimensionless form for the convenience of parametric study and easy reference in the design analysis for others.
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Jia-ChenGuo and 郭嘉振. "Investigation of Fin-Nano-Array AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8acx8.
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Huang, Ren-Chan, and 黃任禪. "Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Modules of Fin Array in Different Configurations." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69874438907200006924.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
機械與機電工程學系
98
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of the fin array applied in computers or other electronic equipments by both analytical and numerical analysis in an effort to improve its cooling and avoid overheating. As modern computer technology advances, The power consumption of its processors also increases and combines with a substantial increase in the chip temperature. The processors should be maintained at a certain temperature for proper operation and long service life. So, it is a major thermal design challenge to transfer waste heat from the chips effectively and avoid heat concentration inside the chips board. A combination of fin array and fan set up is one of the main thermal technologies in the cooling of micro processors. Several different configurations of fin array, fin geometry, and shapes are investigated so that some guidelines could be achieved in the design and application of fin array. ANSYS software package and other analytical means are used for the numerical simulation in the thesis. The effects fin array in a different geometry, shape, and size are discussed, which are divided into following: 1. Fin thickness, height, spacing, number of fins, fin material. 2. Different shapes of fin. 3. Optimization in the fin array design. Another major challenge in the design of fin array is the estimate of convective heat transfer coefficient. Several empirical correlations are used and CFD Fluent software is applied to validate the use of empirical formula. More accurate convective heat transfer coefficient could be obtained through higher computing speed and better experimental data in the future, which will help in the design analysis of fin array.
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Lin, Zhi-You, and 林芝佑. "Influence of Air Flow Arrangement on the Performance of Heat Sink with Rectangular Plate Fin and Square Pin Fin Array." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91859028465333239591.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
93
An experimental study is conducted on forced convection heat transfer from heat sinks. A total of twelve heat sinks with six plate fin and six pin fin configurations are tested subjecting to confined cross flow, partially-confined cross flow and impingement flow conditions. The purpose of the present study can be divided into three parts: observation of the effect of the frontal velocity on the thermal resistance, investigation of the differences between confined cross flow and partially-confined cross flow, and examination of the performances under confined cross flow and impingement flow. Generally, the thermal resistance of the heat sinks decreases with increasing the frontal velocity and the total convective area. For a frontal velocity (Vfr) of 5m/s, the heat transfer coefficients of the staggered pin fins are 33% higher than those of the in-line pin fins and 50% higher than those of the plate pins, accompanying an increase of the pressure drops by 45% and by 50%, respectively. In addition, both the heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drops under confined cross flow are larger than those under partially-confined cross flow. For a frontal velocity of 5m/s, an enhancement of 15% for the heat transfer coefficients and 35% for the pressure drops are observed. For the comparison between the confined cross flow and the impingement flow, the heat transfer coefficients under impingement flow outperform those under confined cross flow by about 45% at the expense of tremendous pressure drops by 7 ~ 10 times.