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1

Vinhal, Gustavo Siqueira, Heber Valdo Nogueira, Iara Maia Silva, Clarimar José Coelho, Arlindo Rodrigues Galvão Filho, Daniel Vitor De Lucena, Anderson Da Silva Soares, and Telma Woerle De Lima Soares. "Filtragem e melhoramento de espectros com filtro de Kalman - DOI 10.5752/P.2316-9451.2013v1n2p32." Abakós 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/10.5752/p.2316-9451.2013v1n2p32.

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Este trabalho apresenta o filtro de Kalman como uma ferramenta para o pré-processamentode sinais espectrofotométricos no contexto da quimiometria. Inicialmente são introduzidos os principais conceitos sobre o filtro de Kalman. O filtro de Kalman é usado com amostras de aço-ligas. O sinal filtrado é usado na calibração multivariada para construir um modelo matemático com boa capacidade preditiva. A eficiência do filtro é demonstrada utilizando um conjunto de dados obtidos por um espectrofotômetro de emissão atômica em plasma com baixa resolução para tratar o problema da determinação simultânea do Manganês (Mn), Molibdênio (Mo), Cromo (Cr), Níquel (Ni) e Ferro (Fe). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o filtro de Kalman pode ser aplicado com vantagens em relação a outras técnicas tradicionais em quimiometria como filtro de média móvel.
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André Zigart, Jessica Aparecida, Ligia Marcia Contrin, Isabela Shumaher Frutuoso, Ana Maria Rodrigues Da Silveira, Lucia Marinilza Beccaria, and Alexandre Lins Werneck. "Adesão ao protocolo de pneumonia associado à ventilação mecânica." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a234873p655-663-2019.

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RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer a adesão da equipe de enfermagem ao protocolo de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional, transversal, em seis Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de ensino. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de um checklist à beira do leito. Utilizou-se para análise dos dados o teste de regressão linear multivariada e estatística descritiva e inferencial. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabelas e figura. Resultados: participaram 945 pacientes com prevalência do sexo masculino, faixa etária 61 a 80 anos, tempo de internação de até 15 dias e incidência de PAV foi 10,58%. A equipe de enfermagem manteve em acordo com o protocolo institucional aproximadamente 90,05% das cabeceiras elevadas de 30º a 45º. Demonstrou-se estaticamente a relação PAV com o sexo masculino, tempo de internação nos primeiros 15 dias e filtro HME. Houve a correlação de cabeceira elevada com idade e tempo de internação e filtro HME com tempo de internação. Conclusão: a equipe de enfermagem coloca em prática o protocolo de prevenção de PAV reduzindo a incidência dessa infecção na unidade. Descritores: Enfermagem; Protocolos; Pneumonia; Respiração Artificial; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Ensino.ABSTRACTObjective: to get to know the adherence of the nursing team to the pneumonia protocol associated with mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Units. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study in six Intensive Care Units of a teaching hospital. The data was collected through a checklist at the hospital beds. The multivariate linear regression test and the descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results were presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: 945 patients with a prevalence of males, aged 61 to 80 years, hospitalization time of up to 15 days and incidence of VAP were 10.58%. The nursing team maintained in agreement with the institutional protocol approximately 90.05% of the elevated headrests from 30º to 45º. Statistically, the VAP relationship with the male sex, length of hospital stay in the first 15 days and HME filter was demonstrated. There was a high bedside correlation with age and hospitalization time and HME filter with hospitalization time. Conclusion: the nursing team puts the protocol of prevention of VAP into practice, reducing the incidence of this infection in the unit. Descriptors: Nursing; Protocols; Pneumonia; Respiration, Artificial; Intensive Care Units; Teaching.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer la adhesión del equipo de enfermería al protocolo de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, transversal, en seis Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital de enseñanza. Se recolectaron los datos por medio de un checklist al borde del lecho. Se utilizó para análisis de los datos la prueba de regresión lineal multivariada y estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tablas y figura. Resultados: participaron 945 pacientes con prevalencia del sexo masculino, grupo de edad 61 a 80 años, tiempo de internación de hasta 15 días e incidencia de PAV fue 10,58%. El equipo de enfermería mantuvo de acuerdo con el protocolo institucional aproximadamente el 90,05% de las cabeceras elevadas de 30º a 45º. Se demostró estáticamente la relación PAV con el sexo masculino, tiempo de internación en los primeros 15 días y filtro HME. Hubo la correlación de cabecera elevada con edad y tiempo de internación y filtro HME con tiempo de internación. Conclusión: el equipo de enfermería pone en práctica el protocolo de prevención de PAV reduciendo la incidencia de esa infección en la unidad. Descriptores: Enfermería; Protocolos; Neumonía; Respiración Artificial; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos; Enseñanza.
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3

Du, Hui, and Kean Wu. "XBRL Mandate and Timeliness of Financial Reporting: Do XBRL Filings Take Longer?" Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-52094.

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ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) mandate on the timeliness of financial reporting, measured by the reporting lag between fiscal period end and the filing date. Using annual and quarterly filing data from 2007 to 2014, we compare the reporting lags of XBRL reports to the lags of non-XBRL reports in three separate filing categories as defined by the SEC. The results show that by using XBRL the reporting lag is shortened by one to two days when companies file annual reports while the reporting lag is shortened by one day in quarterly filings. However, the results are manifest for both large accelerated filers and accelerated filers. In the multivariate analysis, we do not observe the improved reporting lag when using XBRL among non-accelerated filers. While we provide the evidence that the XBRL mandate improves the timeliness of financial reporting for large filers, we question the public policymaking of the XBRL mandate that has the intention of benefiting small companies and their investors. JEL Classifications: D83; G14; G18; M48; Z18
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García-Dios, David, Rosario Panadero, Pablo Díaz, Miguel Viña, Susana Remesar, Alberto Prieto, Gonzalo López-Lorenzo, et al. "The Goat as a Risk Factor for Parasitic Infections in Ovine Flocks." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072077.

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Small ruminants in northwestern Spain are frequently managed in mixed flocks. Sheep–goat joint management has not been considered a risk factor for parasite infection, so the main objective of this study was to establish if mixed management with goats supposes a risk factor for parasitic infections in ovine flocks. Two thousand and ninety-three sheep were sampled from 74 commercial meat ovine flocks for diagnostic of the main parasites. Goat contact was a risk factor for sheep to be infected by protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus filaria, gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria spp. In contrast, Moniezia, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomidae prevalences were not influenced. Sheep–goat mixed management can be considered as a risk factor, since goats would act as a source of pasture contamination for interspecific parasites (protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus filaria and gastrointestinal nematodes). In relation to host-specific parasites, such as Eimeria spp., goats cannot be considered as a source for sheep, but competition for food and spaces between both small ungulates can suppose a reduced grazing area to sheep, provoking high environmental contamination and stress that facilitate their infection. Future epidemiological studies for parasitic infections in small ruminants should consider sheep–goat mixed management as a possible risk factor to be included in multivariate analyses.
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Salim, Marko Ferdian. "Zona Kerentanan Filariasis Berdasarkan Faktor Risiko dengan Pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis." Journal of Information Systems for Public Health 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jisph.6759.

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Latar Belakang: Filariasis merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi dan Brugia timori) yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk. Data WHO menyebutkan lebih dari 1.4 miliar penduduk dunia tinggal di daerah yang berisiko terinfeksi filariasis yang tersebar di 73 negara termasuk Indonesia. Filariasis di Indonesia tersebar pada 418 kabupaten/ kota dan 235 kabupaten/ kota ditetapkan sebagai daerah endemis dengan jumlah kasus 14.932. Kabupaten Agam merupakan salah satu daerah endemis filariasis tertinggi di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan prevalensi kasus sebesar 12,63 per 100.000. Kondisi lingkungannya terdiri dari pegunungan, dataran rendah, sungai, danau, perkebunan, dan persawahan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan penggunaan sistem informasi geografis untuk pemetaan kerentanan wilayah berdasarkan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain penelitian case control study. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 36 kasus dan 36 kontrol dengan total 72 sampel. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat, multivariat dan analisis kerentanan wilayah secara spasial.Hasil: Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dapat membantu dalam menentukan tingkat kerentanan wilayah terhadap kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam. Hasil statistik menemukan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi yaitu tingkat pendidikan rendah (OR: 4.52), tingkat pengetahuan rendah (OR: 4.14), pekerjaan sebagai petani, buruh dan nelayan (OR: 4.38), dan tingkat penghasilan rendah (OR: 4.43) merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam. Faktor perilaku masyarakat yaitu kebiasaan keluar malam hari (OR: 3.75) dan memelihara hewan reservoir (OR: 3.57) merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam. Faktor lingkungan yaitu keberadaan perkebunan (OR: 19.46) sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat yang menjadi faktor risiko yaitu keberadaan perkebunan (OR: 19.46). Jenis vektor yang ditemukan yaitu Culex (67.26%), Aedes (18.06%), Armigeres (14.19%) dan Anopheles (0.48%). Pengelompokkan (Clustering) kejadian filariasis ditemukan pada daerah Subang – Subang dan Muaro Putuih. Zona atau wilayah yang memiliki kerentanan diantaranya yaitu Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara, Lubuk Basung, IV Nagari, Palembayan, Palupuh, Baso dan IV Koto.Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kabupaten Agam yaitu tingkat pendidikan rendah, tingkat pengetahuan rendah, pekerjaan (petani, buruh dan nelayan), tingkat penghasilan rendah, kebiasaan keluar malam hari, memelihara hewan reservoir, dan keberadaan perkebunan sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Sedangkan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh yaitu keberadaan perkebunan (≤ 200 meter) dari tempat tinggal responden. Jenis vektor filaria di Kabupaten Agam yaitu Culex, Armigeres, Aedes dan Anopheles. Tingkat kerentanan wilayah dan pengelompokkan (Clustering) kejadian filariasis diketahui melalui penggunaan Sistem Informasi Geografis.Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), Filariasis, Faktor Risiko, Kerentanan, Kabupaten Agam.
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Jaoko, Walter G., Edwin Michael, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, Benson B. A. Estambale, Mwele N. Malecela, and Paul E. Simonsen. "Immunoepidemiology of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection: Parasite Transmission Intensity, Filaria-Specific Antibodies, and Host Immunity in Two East African Communities." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 12 (October 1, 2007): 5651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00970-07.

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ABSTRACT We compared the age profiles of infection and specific antibody intensities in two communities with different transmission levels in East Africa to examine the contribution of humoral responses to human immunity to the vector-borne helminth Wuchereria bancrofti. The worm intensities were higher and exhibited a nonlinear age pattern in a high-transmission community, Masaika, in contrast to the low but linearly increasing age infection profile observed for a low-transmission community, Kingwede. The mean levels of specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG4, and IgE were also higher in Masaika, but intriguingly, the IgG3 response was higher in Kingwede. The age-antibody patterns differed in the two communities but in a manner apparently contrary to a role in acquired immunity when the data were assessed using simple correlation methods. By contrast, multivariate analyses showed that the antibody response to infection may be classified into three types and that two of these types, a IgG3-type response and a response measuring a trade-off in host production of IgG4 and IgG3 versus production of IgG1, IgG2, and IgE, had a negative effect on Wuchereria circulating antigen levels in a manner that supported a role for these responses in the generation of acquired immunity to infection. Mathematical modeling supported the conclusions drawn from empirical data analyses that variations in both transmission and worm intensity can explain community differences in the age profiles and impacts of these antibody response types. This study showed that parasite-specific antibody responses may be associated with the generation of acquired immunity to human filarial infection but in a form which is dependent on worm transmission intensity and interactions between immune components.
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Méndez-Molina, B. L., L. Y. Moreno-Rozo, and M. Vergel-Ortega. "Escala cuantitativa para medición del grado de infección en semillas de arroz a nivel de laboratorio." Revista Boletín Redipe 10, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v10i4.1263.

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En la investigación se reactivaron los aislados bacterianos en medio líquido JMV para evaluar la virulencia de Burkholderia glumae frente a semillas de arroz certificadas por Fedearroz variedades F67, F68 y F2000; se procedieron a desinfectar las semillas, consecutivamente se dejaron en agua destilada estéril por 2 días; luego se secaron y se ajustó el DO del inóculo de Burkholderia glumae (aislados Bg007, Bg010 y Bg011), realizando diluciones para evaluar concentraciones desde 108 hasta 103 células por mililitro; se procedió a agitar las semillas con el inóculo, llevadas posteriormente vacío durante 10 minutos por cada dilución llevándose a cajas de Petri con papel filtro humedecido con agua destilada estéril durante 7 días; crecidas las plántulas se procedieron a medir parámetros y nivel de severidad. Se procedió a hacer el análisis estadístico mediante Software es IBM SPSS Statistics, el cual permitió obtener Gráficas De Dispersión, Diagramas De Barras De Error; Comparaciones Multivariante, la Prueba de Muestras Relacionadas se realizó a partir Comparación de las Medias. Se hizo conteo de frecuencias, junto con sus Diagramas de Frecuencias, se dividió las medidas en quintiles para realizar una escala cuantitativa de severidad. El análisis estadístico permitió evidenciar que la cepa más virulenta fue el aislado Bg007 y la menos virulenta el aislado Bg011, la variedad de arroz más afectada fue la F2000 y la menos afectada fue la F68.
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Campos, Aniele Pianoscki de, Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior, Flávio Gonçalves de Jesus, and Ignácio José de Godoy. "Avaliação de cultivares de amendoim para resistência a Spodoptera frugiperda." Bragantia 70, no. 2 (2011): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052011000200014.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar cultivares de amendoim com resistência a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), determinando os graus de resistência por meio da análise univariada e multivariada. Utilizaram-se cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto (IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 e IAC Tatu ST) e rasteiro (IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC 147, IAC 125, IAC Caiapó e IAC Runner 886), semeadas em campo. Lagartas de primeiro ínstar foram individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido e mantidas sob condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 2 °C), umidade (60 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas). Utilizaram-se cinco repetições de dez lagartas (recém-eclodidas), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Diariamente, foram fornecidos folíolos novos, lavados com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1%. Avaliaram-se a duração (dias), a massa (mg) e a viabilidade (%) dos períodos larval e pupal, a razão sexual, longevidade e fecundidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05), além da análise de agrupamento e de componentes principais. As cultivares de hábito de crescimento ereto, IAC 22, e rasteiro, IAC Runner 886, foram menos adequadas ao desenvolvimento do inseto, interferindo nas fases larval e pupal de S. frugiperda, demonstrando resistência moderada do tipo antibiose.
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Sofia, Rizka, and Cut Sidrah Nadira. "ANALISIS RISIKO PENULARAN FILARIASIS LIMFATIK DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA." AVERROUS: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Malikussaleh 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/averrous.v6i1.2623.

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Filariasis limfatik merupakan penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Mansonia, Anopheles, Culex, dan Armigeres. Jumlah kasus filariasis di Kabupaten Aceh Utara pada tahun 2017 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 103 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis faktor risiko penularan filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian retrospektif dengan desain studi kasus kontrol. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 134 orang yaitu 67 orang untuk kelompok kasus dan 67 orang kelompok control. Metode analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis Chi-Square. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel penelitian yang mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Aceh Utara yaitu kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu (P=0,001, dan OR=5,82), Kebiasaan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk (P=0,001 dan OR=3,43), kebiasaan menggantung pakaian di dalam rumah (P=0,042 dan OR=4,92), penggunaan kawat kasa ventilasi rumah (P=0,001 dan OR 3,71), dan variabel kondisi plafon rumah (P=0,014 dan OR=5,18). Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan hanya empat variabel yang menjadi faktor risiko penularan filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Aceh Utara, yaitu penggunaan kelambu, penggunaan kawat kasa, menggantung pakaian, dan plafon rumah.
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Lyra, Matheus José Arruda, Osmar Evandro Toledo Bonfim, Italo Ramon Januário, Yasmin Uchôa Da Silva, Gabriel Augusto Larramendi Mesquita, and Lucas Carvalho Vieira Cavalcante. "Aplicação de metodologias distintas no comportamento pluviométrico de Maceió/AL." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 9, no. 3 (May 23, 2018): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2018.003.0009.

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As variações na precipitação refletem claramente a dinâmica atmosférica de uma determinada região. Tal conhecimento permite o auxílio na execução de atividades humanas como agricultura, monitoramento ambiental, defesa civil, entre outras. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os elementos climatológicos relacionados com o aumento/redução nos valores pluviométricos para a cidade de Maceió, no período de 1961 a 2015. As séries de dados de precipitação de duas estações próximas foram cedidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e pela Usina Utinga Leão. A metodologia consistiu em utilizar o filtro paramétrico Hodrick-Prescott (HP) para detectar tendências na série de dados, o método de análise de ondeletas para verificar a influência de escalas temporais na precipitação de Maceió e ainda a utilização do Índice Multivariado de ENOS (IME) e o Índice da Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (IPDO) para verificar a atuação das anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (ATSM) na variabilidade do índice pluviométrico. A partir dos resultados, observou-se através da análise de tendência, uma redução na precipitação principalmente no início da década de 1980, e de forma mais acentuada no final da década de 1990. As ondeletas identificaram a influência da escala sazonal na precipitação local e por meio da associação dos índices IPDO e IME, constatou-se um aumento no número de eventos extremos de precipitação quando a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP) se configura na fase fria e redução relativa do índice de precipitação quando o IME apresenta valores elevados. De modo geral o estudo detalhado do comportamento pluviométrico de Maceió aprimora o entendimento climático visando mitigar os possíveis impactos hidrometeorológicos, podendo auxiliar o planejamento urbano e ambiental da cidade.
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Widawati, Mutiara, Mara Ipa, Endang Puji Astuti, Tri Wahono, and Yuneu Yuliasih. "The Activities on Prevention of Malaria and Filariasis Vector Bites among Indonesian Society: A Nationwide Disease Prevention Survey." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 10, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36053.

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Vector Borne Diseases are diseases that cause many problems. These diseases are spread by mosquitoes as the vectors. They transmit parasites to humans through their bites. The people who live in Indonesia have several characteristics that make them vulnerable to these diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore these characteristics in order to gain better prevention promotional targeting strategy. This study aims to determine the factors that can influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. The data from a nationwide survey research were used with a cross sectional design conducted once in every five years. The Riskesdas was conducted from April to May 2018 in all districts in Indonesia. The influencing factors observed were including experience of exposure to vector borne diseases (malaria or filariasis), gender, age group, education level and area of residence. This study conducted a multivariate test using logistic regression analysis to determine the factors that influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour. The results demonstrated that the factors of experience of exposure to vector borne diseases, gender, age group, education level and area of residence could determine the mosquitoes bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. Respondents who have experience of being exposed to malaria or filaria, under 60 years old, women, college graduates, and rural communities are more likely to prevent mosquito bites, therefore they could be empowered in promoting public awareness towards mosquito bites prevention.
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Cavalcante, Fernanda Lima, Joel Medeiros Bezerra, Rafael Oliveira Batista, Ketson Bruno da Silva, and Hérick Claudino Mendes. "ANÁLISE DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS APLICADA À DESINFECÇÃO SOLAR DE ÁGUAS CINZA PARA FINS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO SEMIÁRIDO POTIGUAR." IRRIGA 23, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2018v23n3p480-492.

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A elevada incidência de doenças de veiculação hídrica é atribuída à inadequação dos sistemas de esgotamento sanitário nas áreas rurais do semiárido brasileiro. O uso da radiação solar é uma alternativa na desinfecção de águas residuárias para fins de aproveitamento agrícola, sendo de baixo custo, fácil operação e que não gera subprodutos carcinogênicos oriundos da cloração. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho tem a finalidade de identificar as variáveis determinantes no processo de desinfecção solar em águas cinza no semiárido potiguar. A estação de tratamento de águas cinza é composta por tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbio e reator solar. Os ensaios experimentais foram realizados no período de julho a dezembro de 2015, com frequência mensal e empregou-se às técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada. No reator solar foram mantidas lâminas de águas cinza de 0,1 m, que ficaram expostas à radiação solar durante período entre 8:00 às 16:00 h, e coletadas alíquotas a cada duas horas. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas às análises de pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e ovos de helmintos. Paralelamente, foram monitoradas, também, a temperatura do ar e radiação solar global. Pelo emprego da Análise de Componentes Principais, foi identificado um modelo de melhor ajuste composto por três componentes, explicando 79,46% da variância total. Sendo a primeira componente microbiológica, a segunda climática e a terceira componente, relacionada aos sais. O nível populacional médio de E.coli após 8 horas de exposição solar foi de 2,16E+03 tornando possível apenas o reúso restrito. Em relação às análises de ovos de helmintos, cabe salientar que não foram observados ovos em nenhuma das amostras de águas cinza bruta como, também, nas amostras de águas cinza após tratamento solar.
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13

Fontes, Larissa de Oliveira, Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes, José Hamilton da Costa Filho, Luiz Eduardo Santos Lazzarini, and Elton Camelo Marques. "Germinação de sementes de Amaranthus deflexus L. submetidas a diferentes condições de tempera-tura e estresse salino." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 6 (January 31, 2023): 2785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n6p2785.

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As plantas daninhas competem com as culturas por fatores limitantes do meio em que vivem, portanto, estudos que apontem a resposta germinativa de sementes submetidas a estresses artificiais são importantes para entender a capacidade de sobrevivência e adaptação destas espécies sob condições de estresse naturais. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito das condições salinas e térmicas sobre a germinação e vigor de sementes de Amaranthus deflexus L. Foram instalados dois experimentos, com semeadura realizada em placas de petri contendo duas folhas de papel de filtro umedecidas com água destilada (controle) ou com soluções de NaCl. No experimento 1 utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, constituído de dois fotoperíodos (12h luz e 24h escuro) e seis níveis de estresse salino (0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9; -1,2 e -1,5 MPa), totalizando doze tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Ao final do teste, as sementes que não germinaram foram lavadas e colocadas em substrato papel toalha, umedecido com água para hidratação e estimular o processo germinativo. No experimento 2 utilizou-se um DIC com oito tratamentos (germinação sob 20; 25; 30; 35; 40°C, 20/30; 25/35 e 30/40°C) e quatro repetições cada. O estresse salino afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes de A. deflexus desde o nível de estresse de -0,3 MPa. O vigor das sementes foi comprometido pela ausência de luz, independentemente dos níveis de estresse aplicados. Houve superioridade na percentagem final de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes de A. deflexus na temperatura de 25°C constante e no regime alternado de 25-35°C. O procedimento multivariado discriminou os tratamentos 1 e 2 como superiores no dendograma A, bem como 4, 5 e 6 no dendograma B, configurando-se como método robusto para inferência em experimentos fatoriais sobre o comportamento germinativo.
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14

Sularno, Suryo. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis Di Kecamatan Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 16, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.16.1.22-28.

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Latar belakang: Filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi, disebabkan oleh cacing filaria yang hidup di kelenjar limfa dan darah manusia, termasuk penyakit tular vektor. Kecamatan Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan merupakan daerah endemis filariasis tinggi dengan mf rate 3,9%, Selain itu, hasil survei darah jari yang pernah dilakukan, di wilayah ini ditemukan 37 orang positif mikrofilaria dalam darahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat sebagai faktor risiko kejadian filariasis di Kecamatan Buaran kabupaten Pekalongan.Materi dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain kasus kontrol. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing 74 orang. Variabel bebas yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah spesies keberadaan nyamuk di dalam dan luar rumah, kawat kasa, persawahan, saluran air, genangan air, tumbuhan air, dan ternak. Faktor perilaku meliputi kebiasaan penggunaan kelambu, menggantung pakaian, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, keluar ada malam hari, pengetahuan dan layanan kesehatan. Variabel terikatnya adalah kejadian filariasis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan penangkapan nyamuk. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil: Dari 17 variabel bebas yang dikaji, hasil penelitian ini menemukan ada tiga variabel yang mempunyai asosiasi signifikan dengan kejadian filatiasis di Kecamatan Buaran Kabupaten Pekalongan. Variabel tersebut meliputi tinggal di sekitar rumah penderita, kepadatan hunian, dan kepatuhan minum obat. Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan hunian merupakan faktor yang paling dominan pengaruhnya terhadap kejadian filariasis dengan OR=6,145 (CI:1,051 – 35,938).Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tinggal di sekitar rumah penderita, kepadatan hunian dan kepatuhan minum obat filariais mempunyai kontribusi terhadap kejadian filariasis. Peneliti menyarankan upaya perbaikan lingkungan yang sehat dan kepatuhan minum obat oleh masyarakat perlu diupayakan semaksimal mungkin guna menekan kejadian penyakit tersebut di masa mendatang. AbstractTitle: Factors Related toThe Incidence of Lymphatic Fillariasis in Buaran, Pekalongan DistrictBackground: Filariasis or elephansiasis is one of infectious disease, is a systemic infection caused by filarial worms that live in the lymph nodes (lymph) and human blood that transmitted by mosquitoes (vector-borne disease). The survey result endemicity of filariasis in 2007 found that the highest area was in Buaran District with the number of microfilariae (mf) rate of 3.9% and according to the data Filariasis Research 2015, the result of Finger-prick Blood in Subdistrict Buaran discovery of microfilariae are 37 people. Based on this fact the purpose of this research is to describe environmental condition and behaviour society as a risk factor for the incidence of filariasis in Subdistrict Buaran Pekalongan regency.Method: This study was observational study with case control design. The subjects consisted of two groups of case and control, with each sample of 74 people. The independent variables studied were the vectors inside and outside the home existing, marshes existing, rice fields existing, trenches existing, ditches, puddles, aquatic plants existing, bushes existing, cattle existing, wire netting on the ventilation esiting, the habit of using nets, habits of hanging clothes have been used, the habit of using anti-mosquito drugs, the habit outdoors at night, knowledge and health efforts. While the dependent variable was the incidence of filariasis. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and measurement. Data would be analyzed using univariate, bivariate chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression at level of significance 0.05 (5%).Result: Bivariate analyze of 17 variables are the vectors inside and outside the home existing, marshes existing, rice fields existing, trenches existing, ditches, puddles, aquatic plants existing, bushes existing, cattle existing, wire netting on the ventilation esiting, the habit of using nets, habits of hanging clothes have been used, the habit of using anti-mosquito drugs, the habit outdoors at night, knowledge and health efforts, indicated that there were three variables that have a correlation to incidence of filariasis. They were staying or being around filariasis sufferers, density residential, and medication adherence. Results of multivariate analysis that density residential is the most dominant factor related to the incidence of filariasis with p-value = 0.044; OR = 6,145 (1,051 - 35,938). Conclusion: This study concluded that environment factors need to be improved, especially for staying or being around filariasis sufferers, density residential, and medication adherence to reduce fillariasis incident.
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Pirveli, Erekle. "Corporate disclosure timing under IFRS: the case of emerging Georgia." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, August 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-12-2021-0443.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the timing of corporate disclosure in the context of Georgia, an emerging market where a recent reform of corporate financial transparency mandated about 80,000 private sector entities to publicly disclose their annual financial statements. Design/methodology/approach The main analysis covers more than 4,000 large, medium, small and micro private sector entities, for which the data is obtained from the Ministry of Finance of Georgia. This paper builds an empirical model of logit/probit regression, with industry fixed and random effects to investigate the drivers of the corporate disclosure timing. Findings Findings suggest that the mean reporting time lag is 279 days after the fiscal year-end, that is nine days after the statutory deadline. Almost one-third (30%) of the entities miss the nine-month statutory deadline, while the timely filers almost unexceptionally file immediately before the deadline. Multivariate tests reveal that voluntarily filing entities completed the process significantly faster than those mandated to do so; audited financial statements take more time to be filed, whereas those with unqualified audit opinion or audited by large/international audit firms are filed faster than their counterparts. The author concludes that despite the overall high filing rates, the timing of corporate disclosure is not (yet) efficiently enforced in practice (but is progressing over time), whereas regulatory incentives prevail over market incentives among the timely filers. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that explores corporate disclosure timing incentives in the context of Georgia. This study extends prior literature on the timing of financial information from an emerging country’s private sector perspective, with juxtaposed market and regulatory incentives.
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