Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filtrations dynamiques'
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Li, Yidan. "Filtrations statiques et dynamiques de différents systèmes argile, électrolytes, polymère." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2014.
Full textBenzoni, Séverin. "Classification des filtrations dynamiques et étude des systèmes d'entropie positive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04835404.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore the possible structures of measure preserving dynamical systems of the form $\bfX :=(X, \A, \mu, T)$ and their factor $\s$-algebras $\B \subset \A$. The first two chapters investigate various ways in which a factor $\s$-algebra $\B$ can sit in a dynamical system $\bfX :=(X, \A, \mu, T)$, i.e. we study some possible structures of the \emph{extension} $\A \arr \B$. In the first chapter, we consider the concepts of \emph{super-innovations} and \emph{standardness} of extensions, which are inspired from the theory of filtrations. An important focus of our work is the introduction of the notion of \emph{confined extensions}, which first interested us because they have no super-innovation. We give several examples and study additional properties of confined extensions, including several lifting results. Then, we show our main result: the existence of non-standard extensions. Finally, this result finds an application to the study of dynamical filtrations, i.e. filtrations of the form $(\F_n)_{n \leq 0}$ such that each $\F_n$ is a factor $\s$-algebra. We show that there exist \emph{non-standard I-cosy dynamical filtrations}.The second chapter furthers the study of confined extensions by finding a new kind of such extensions, in the setup of Poisson suspensions: we take an infinite $\s$-finite measure-preserving dynamical system $(X, \mu, T)$ and a compact extension $(X \times G, \mu \otimes m_G, T_\phi)$, then we consider the corresponding Poisson extension $((X \times G)^*, (\mu \otimes m_G)^*, (T_\phi)_*) \to (X^*, \mu^*, T_*)$. We give conditions under which that extension is confined and build an example which fits those conditions.Lastly, the third chapter focuses on a family of dynamical filtrations: \emph{weak Pinsker filtrations}. The existence of those filtrations on any ergodic system comes from a recent result by Austin \cite{austin}, and they present themselves as a potential tool to describe positive entropy systems. We explore the links between the asymptotic structure of weak Pinsker filtrations and the properties of the underlying dynamical system. Naturally, we also ask whether, on a given system, the structure of weak Pinsker filtrations is unique up to isomorphism. We give a partial answer, in the case where the underlying system is Bernoulli. We conclude our work by giving two explicit examples of weak Pinsker filtrations
Lanthier, Paul. "Aspects ergodiques et algébriques des automates cellulaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR034.
Full textThe first part of this manuscript falls within the framework of probability theory, and is devoted to the study of filtrations generated by some cellular automata. We study two versions of an algebraic automaton acting on configurations whose states take values in a finite Abelian group: one is deterministic, and consists in adding the states of two consecutive cells, and the second is a random perturbation of the first one. From these automata, random Markovian processes are constructed and the filtrations generated by these processes are studied. Using the I-cosiness criterion, we show that the two filtrations are standard in the sense developed by Vershik. However, cellular automata have the particularity of commuting with the coordinate shift operator. In this thesis, we introduce a new classification of the filtrations called "dynamic" which takes into account the action of this transformation. Filtrations are no longer defined on probability spaces but on dynamical systems, and are in this case "factor" filtrations: each sigma-algebra is invariant by the dynamics of the system. The counterpart of standardity from the dynamic point of view is studied. This creates a necessary criterion for dynamic standardity called "dynamic I-cosiness". The question of whether the dynamic I-cosiness is sufficient remains open, but a first result in this direction is given, showing that a strengthened version of the dynamic I-cosiness leads to dynamic standardity. By establishing that it does not satisfy the criterion of dynamic I-cosiness, it is proved that the factor filtration generated by the deterministic automaton is not dynamically standard, and therefore that the dynamic classification of the filtrations differs from the classification developed by Vershik. The probabilistic automaton depends on an error parameter, and it is shown by a percolation argument that the factor filtration generated by this automaton is dynamically standard for large enough values of this parameter. It is conjectured that it will not be dynamically standard for very small values of this parameter. The second part of this manuscript, more algebraic, has its origin in a musical problem, linked to the calculation of intervals in a periodic melodic line. The work presented here continues the research of the Romanian composer Anatol Vieru and of Moreno Andreatta and Dan Vuza, but in an original way from the point of view of cellular automata. We study the action on periodic sequences of two algebraic cellular automata, one of which is identical to that of the first part. The questions on the characterization of reducible and reproducible sequences as well as the associated times have been deepened and improved for these two automata. The calculation of preimages and images via the two automata was explained. The question of the evolution of the periods was treated with the creation of a tool called "characteristic" which allows to describe and control the evolution of the period in negative times. Simulations show that the evolution of the periods when the preimages are drawn at random follows an almost regular pattern, and the explanation of this phenomenon remains an open question. The mathematical results of this second part have been used in the "Automaton" module of a free composing software called "UPISketch ». This module allows a composer to create melodic lines by iterating images or taking successive preimages of a starting melodic line
Espina, V. "Fractionnement de protéines du lait par filtration dynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433359.
Full textPayet, Sophie. "Filtration stationnaire et dynamique des aérosols liquides submicroniques." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120047.
Full textEspina, Perez Valentina Soledad. "Fractionnement de protéines du lait par filtration dynamique." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1820.
Full textThis thesis focuses on milk proteins fractionation by dynamic filtration. A two-stage process has been proposed in order to separate milk proteins into three main fractions: casein micelles, A-Lactalbumin and A-Lactoglobulin. The first stage of the process consists in microfiltration of skim milk for separating casein micelles from whey proteins. The performances of two dynamic filtration modules: the Multi Shaft Disk (MSD) module and the rotating disk module have been compared. The results have shown that the MSD module presents high permeate flux, good whey proteins transmission and high casein micelles rejection. The second stage of the process is the separation of A-Lactalbumin from B-Lactoglobulin by ultrafiltration. The rotating disk module equipped with a disk with vanes and rotating at 2000 rpm, was used. The protein transmission and selectivity were constant during whey concentration. This is an advantage of dynamic filtration because in crossflow filtration protein transmission and selectivity decreased during whey concentration. The selectivities obtained with dynamic filtration, without changes in pH and ionic strength of the solution, were in the same range as those obtained with crossflow filtration after pH and ionic strength optimization
Payet, Sophie. "Filtration stationnaire et dynamique des aérosols liquides submicroniques /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35520293q.
Full textFrappart, Matthieu. "Traitement d'effluents modèles de l'industrie laitière par filtration dynamique." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1651.
Full textLn an environmental context, the dairy industry must find new solutions to treat this process waters which, although not toxic, have a strong polluting capacity because of the raw material losses (lactose, milk proteins). The membrane processes are weIl adapted to this type of application. Studies were carried out in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis in order to produce a reusable water or water which can be rejected into the natural environment according to rejection standards. These studies, carried out on vibrating and rotating systems avoiding the fouling of membranes and thus maintaining their performances in terms of fluxes and retentions, have permitted, in nanofiltration, to obtain a rejectable water, whereas the classical crossflow systems do not allow it, and to reach, in reverse osmosis, specific characteristics of reuse (boiler feed water for example)
Luo, Jianquan. "Traitement d'effluents industriels par filtration membranaire dynamique à fort cisaillement." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2026.
Full textMembrane filtration is easy to combine with other technologies to treat industrial wastewater, for the production of reusable water and the reutilization of organic/inorganic components. But flux decline due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling is an important limitation in applying membrane technologies to recycle wastewater. In order to reduce flux decline, shear-enhanced membrane filtration was used to treat detergent and dairy wastewaters in this work. Flux behaviors, fouling mechanisms, foulant roles and control strategies in recycling wastewater by shear-enhanced membrane filtration were investigated to provide useful information for industrial applications. The flux decline in the treatment of detergent wastewater by nanofiltration (NF) could be controlled as the surfactant concentration polarization layer was reduced by high shear rate on the membrane. Increasing feed pH had a positive effect by enhancing electrostatic repulsion between surfactant molecules and membrane. The membrane fouling layer could be broken up by water rinse, and thus membrane permeability could be fully recovered without any chemical cleaning. Membrane fouling in the treatment of dairy wastewater was more complicated. When operating at high shear rate and pressure, after a stable flux period, a slow flux decline caused by surface adsorption of foulants (lactose, multivalent salt ions and their aggregates) occurred. In this adsorption fouling stage, pore narrowing and blocking governed by foulant–membrane interaction were the main fouling mechanisms. In absence of chemical cleaning, this adsorption fouling could induce cake fouling formation by proteins-calcium aggregates, resulting in severe flux decline. Ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment could reduce NF membrane fouling at low shear rate due to the elimination of caseins and whey proteins, while it had a negative effect on NF of UF permeate at high shear rates. Two new membrane operations, i. E. At extreme hydrodynamic conditions and threshold flux conditions, were proposed. Extreme hydrodynamic conditions consists in high shear rate and high applied pressure (up to 40 bar), while threshold flux operation implies limiting the flux to reduce fouling (the point above which flux ceases to increase linearly with transmembrane pressure). The former had high process efficiency and good permeate quality, but the latter is advantageous in long-term runs due to low flux decline. It can be concluded that, using shear-enhanced membrane filtration, flux decline can be well controlled by its high shear rate on the membrane. Extreme hydrodynamic operation with suitable chemical cleaning and threshold flux operation with low fouling rate, are two possible choices for dynamic shear-enhanced membrane process. The comparison and applicability of these two operations need to be further studied
Tu, Z. "Filtration dynamique de suspensions de CaCO3 et de solutions de surfactants." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413890.
Full textTu, Zhenghuan. "Filtration dynamique de suspensions de CaCO3 et de solutions de surfactants." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1810.
Full textThis thesis focuses on dynamic micro and ultrafiltration conducted on three laboratory pilots, one with rotating membrane disks mounted on two shafts (MSD), one with a disk rotating close to a static organic membrane, and one with a cylinder rotating inside a concentric membrane. The MSD module was first used for ultrafiltration of CaCO3 suspensions, and in these tests ceramic and organic membranes were compared. The results confirmed the importance of disk overlapping in this module. Then, the MSD system was applied to the treatment of model wastewater containing anionic surfactants (SDBS and SDS solutions), and compared with the rotating disk system, which permitted a higher operating pressure. These two dynamic filtration systems present advantages compared to crossflow filtration systems, in terms of the permeate flux and membrane retention. In addition, the rotating disk and the rotating cylinder modules were used for ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions to simulate hemofiltration in the treatment of acute renal failure
Nguyen, Thi Dong Phuong. "Récolte de biomasse microalgale par floculation naturelle et procédés membranaires." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f70f1c4d-d0a2-42d0-81c5-ac83082fa346.
Full textHarvesting step in a global operating microalgae process whose contribute substantially to whole process cost. Identifying and characterizing low-energy processes to fully or partially replace centrifugation, the reference method, represents a major challenge. In this context, the present work investigates the potential of natural flocculation and membrane processes. So, it has been shown that the natural rise in the culture pH associated with photosynthesis allowed cells flocculation by the precipitation of calcium phosphate or magnesium compounds. Thus, the cells could be preconcentrated up to 30 gMS. L-1. This process is rather long and must be controlled by adjusting the ionic composition of the culture media (nitrate as the nitrogen source; concentrations in Ca2+, PO4 3-, Mg2+). Natural flocculation seems feasible only for marine microalgal strains for which culture media are rich in salts, but not for freshwater strains. As natural flocculation produces a low concentrated harvest, it should be considered as a preconcentration technique which will probably require an extra step of concentration for most of applications. One stage membrane processes without fouling control (backwashing, enhancing shear-rate. . . ) was also investigated. Microalgal cells were concentrated up to 100 gMS. L-1 but with low permeation flux (< 30 L. H-1. M-2). Enhanced dynamic filtration that limits strongly membrane fouling allowed to obtain higher filtration fluxes (40 < J < 80 L. H-1. M-2). The moderate flux fall with cells concentration is promising regarding the ability of this kind of filtration to reach high cell concentrations in a single step
Akoum, Omar. "Etude de la filtration dynamique par système vibrant VSEP : Application à l'industrie laitière." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1448.
Full textOgnier, Stéphanie. "Contribution pour le contrôle dynamique du colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20143.
Full textElamir, Abdullatif. "Séparation et filtration des sols cohérents par géotextiles." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10027.
Full textBouzerar, Roger. "Filtration dynamique dans un module plan à disque rotatif : Application à des suspensions minérales." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1202.
Full textGenty, Joël. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique du couplage bioréaction-filtration : application aux fermentations alcoolique et lactique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0262.
Full textBrou, Ambroise Ehouman. "Extraction et concentration d'exopolysaccharides produits par fermentation par un système de filtration dynamique à disque rotatif." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1392.
Full textMassoud, Chadi. "Evaluation de la filtration glomérulaire par IRM." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20037.
Full textThis study seeks to assess the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the human kidney by MRI. To quantitatively estimate this parameter requires monitoring of the intrarenal kinetics of Gd after its bolus injection. To achieve this goal, we have developed under IDEA Siemens a SR-FLASH T1-weighted MRI sequence which can follow dynamic NMR signal changes after a bolus injection of Gd. This sequence has a centric phase-encoding scheme, and thus the image contrast was determined at the beginning of the acquisition period. Subsequently, we have implemented an IR-FLASH (with centric phase-encoding scheme) sequence to measure the longitudinal relaxation time in the absence of any injection of Gd ; this parameter is required to convert NMR signal intensities into Gd concentrations. knowing that the relation between the NMR signal intensities and the Gd concentrations is not linear, we have proposed two novel methods and yet fast and robust for conversion of the NMR signal intensities into local Gd concentration. This allowed us to estimate the temporal evolution of Gd concentrations in both kidneys and aorta. The fit of these concentrations measurements by a two-compartments model describing the function of the kidney allowed us to calculate the GFR of each kidney in a population of five subjects with normal renal function
Bullon, Torrealba Johnny. "Membranes dynamiques obtenues par dépôt de protéines sur une céramique poreuse : génie des procédés d'élaboration et de séparation." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20121.
Full textZiani, Yasmina. "Étude de la formation et du réentraînement d'un dépôt lors de la filtration dynamique d'une suspension minérale." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD892.
Full textLiu, Ming Gang. "Étude de la texture des membranes et de leur interaction avec des suspensions au cours d'une filtration dynamique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD496.
Full textLIU, MING GANG. "Etude de la texture des membranes et de leur interaction avec des suspensions au cours d'une filtration dynamique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP0496.
Full textMarty, Aurélie. "Formation de panaches bactériens lors de la filtration à travers des microsystèmes." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1570/.
Full textThe operation of filtration units, such as those used in the production of drinking water, can be altered by the uncontrolled presence of bacteria. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are complex processes influenced by factors (hydrodynamic, physico-chemical, microbiological, etc. ). The aim of this thesis was to make progress in the understanding of bacterial transfer during flow through a porous medium. Microfluidic devices made of polydimethylsiloxane with controlled geometries mimicking filtration systems were developed to follow, by optical microscopy, the adhesion dynamics. Experimental results, in non-nutritive conditions, show that Escherichia coli and other Gram- bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or Gram+ bacteria (Enterococcus hirae, Staphylococcus aureus), accumulate as streamers in the downstream a zone of the microchannels and that streamers are promoted by medium's porous tortuosity. In parallel, a numerical flow study highlighted a link between streamer formation and the presence of secondary flow at the inlet and the outlet of the microchannels. From the numerical flow simulations and experimental results, a scenario for streamer formation is proposed: i) bacterial transport toward the wall, enhanced by the secondary flow at the microchannel entrance; ii) formation of filaments, driven towards the bulk by secondary flow at the microchannel outlet; iii) capture of bacteria by the filaments ("fishing net" effect) and streamers formation. A fuller understanding of these phenomena should allow better control of bacterial development in filtration processes (e. G. Sand filtration or membrane filtration) or other systems such as water distribution networks
Kchia, Younes. "Semimartingales et Problématiques Récentes en Finance Quantitative." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635436.
Full textMellal, Mounir. "Application de la filtration dynamique à la microfiltration des suspensions et à la séparation des oligosaccharides par ultra et nanofiltration." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1656.
Full textSome microbial oligosaccharides of small degrees of polymerisation (DP) between 3 and 7 have interesting biological properties. These oligosaccharides are purified and fractionated easily at pilot scale, but the obtained amounts with the classical methods such as chromatography are not suitable for industrial applications. So it is necessary to find a new process in order to produce large quantities. Membrane processes are suitable for this type of separations. We have investigated the fractionation of oligogalacturonanes and oligoglucuronanes in order to obtain oligomers with different and low polymerisation degrees. Ours studies were performed in a rotating disk system to avoid membrane fouling and to maintain its flux and rejection performance. We used ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes to obtain oligomers with 5
Royer, Françoise. "Toxicité pulmonaire de l'oxygène : étude dynamique des modifications de la filtration capillaire pulmonaire chez le chien exposé à l'oxygène pur normobare." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10006.
Full textRoyer, François. "Toxicité pulmonaire de l'oxygène étude dynamique des modifications de la filtration capillaire pulmonaire chez le chien : exposé à l'oxygène pur normobare /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609587t.
Full textLeyrat-Maurin, Anne. "Modélisation du passage d'une capsule dans une constriction : application à la filtration érythrocytaire." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD570.
Full textVassas, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique du fonctionnement de la partie humide d'une usine à papier en vue d'analyser l'effet de la fermeture des circuits." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0101.
Full textEl, Rayess Youssef. "Microfiltration tangentielle appliquée à l'oenologie : compréhension et maîtrise des phénomènes de colmatage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0089/document.
Full textWine clarification by membrane processes mainly cross-flow microfiltration has been limited by membrane fouling generating low permeate fluxes with economic efficiency. Understanding, controlling and anticipation of fouling are the main goals of this work. In a first time, the individual contribution of wine compounds (tannins, pectins, mannoproteins and yeasts) to a multichannel ceramic membrane fouling was evaluated. The fouling mechanisms were analyzed using a fundamental approach. The presence of pectins induce the lowest fluxes by a gel-type formation at the membrane surface while yeasts presence tends to reduce fouling in the case of crude wine (case of mixed components). Because it represents the flux beyond which irreversible fouling appears on the membrane surface, the critical flux for irreversibility is a key parameter to control fouling. No critical flux for irreversibility could be measured, hence a criterion that identifies a range of operating conditions where the degree of fouling remains acceptable was proposed. The last part of this work was devoted to the study of dynamic filtration (RVF) for further application in wine sector. This technique was tested with two different membranes: hydrophilic PES and hydrophobic PTFE. Results have allowed to demonstrate the efficiency of the system to reduce fouling in the case of PES membrane. Fouling of PTFE membrane is greatly influenced by molecules / membrane interaction making dynamic filtration ineffective in reducing of membrane fouling
Soua, Zied. "Déshydratation mécanique de suspensions minérales en présence de dispersant : caractérisation physico-chimique et rhéologique des gâteaux obtenus par filtration avec formation de précouche (FAP)." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1612.
Full textThis work represent a contribution to improve mechanical dehydration of mineral suspensions in the presence of dispersants. Two methods were used in this investigation. The first method involves a simple filtration of deflocculated calcium carbonate suspension (FDS). Dispersing agents were used to deflocculate the calcium carbonate before filtration. The second method involves a precoat filtration of deflocculated suspension (PFDS). This method was carried out in two stages. The dispersant was added after formation of a pre-Iayer (precoat) of cake using free-dispersing agent calcium carbonate suspension. The presence of dispersant permits the fluidification of filter cake (73+- wt%) by mechanical agitation in order to obtain a concentrated calcium carbonate suspension having the same concentration. Filter cake properties (dryness, specific resistance, particle and floc size, zeta potential) were compared for different dispersant concentrations and for the two processes of filtration/fluidification. Results confirm the role of precoat formed from a free-dispersant suspension in the protection of the filtrate from molecules of the dispersant and from fine particles of the deftocculated suspension. A simplified model of cake filtration incorporating the effect of pressure redistribution on the cake - precoat interface was developped. The obtained analytical solutions improve the prediction of the cake growth process (including cake thickness and filtration velocity as functions of time). Another model was developped to relate the evolution of viscosity to the solid fraction and the floc size. The results show that floc size is lower for the cakes obtained with PFDS process. It was be explained by the loose of dispersant during FDS. Along this process, the real quantity of dispersant entrapped in the cake remains inferior to one entrapped in the cake obtained with PFDS. Thus the PFDS process is more efficient from an economical and an environnemental point of view
Feia, Sadok. "Effet de l’injection d’eau de production sur la perméabilité des réservoirs pétroliers non cimentés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1052/document.
Full textHydraulic damage and plugging of the granular structure of oil reservoirs are commonly observed during the re-injection of produced water. These phenomena can lead to a significant decrease of the reservoir permeability around the injectors and affect the injectivity of these wells. The objective of this thesis is to study the transport and deposition process of solid particles in a sand reservoir and its influence on the permeability of the medium. We also study the influence of certain parameters such as particle concentration, injection flow rate, the size of injected particles, the pore size of the medium and the surface roughness of the grains. The aim of this work is to propose a predictive model of transport-deposition-damage in order to estimate the durability of the system. For this purpose, an experimental program was conducted on the transport and deposition process of the siliceous particles of size of a few microns in dense sand specimens. These tests were carried out on three different devices; two one-dimensional injection devices (injection column and injection cell) and a radial injection device in “chambre d'étalonnage” in order to simulate the injection wells conditions. In these tests, the flow conditions are controlled and the concentration of particles in the suspension is imposed. During injection, the monitoring of the evolution of pore pressure is carried out using pressure sensors located in different places in the medium. The particle concentration in the outgoing fluid is measured using a turbidimeter installed at the outlet. The experimental study carried out under different conditions allowed to highlight a highly heterogeneous particle deposition in the porous medium. This heterogeneity results in the formation of an internal and/or external cake in the vicinity of the injection point. The analysis of this cake shows a double porosity medium with two pore families corresponding to the internal porosity of the agglomerates formed by the deposited particles and porosity of the sand gradually reduced by the particles deposition. A parametric study permitted to show a distinction between the effect of low and high particles concentrations, as well as the importance of the effect of injection flow rate, the pore size, the particle size of the suspension and the roughness of the surface of the grains. This experimental work is associated with modelling of transport and deposition of particle in a porous medium. We used first the convection model in which a constitutive law describing the particle deposition takes into account the effects of the deposited particles concentration and the release of particles. The parameters of the particle deposition constitutive law as well as an empirical porosity-permeability law have been calibrated by simulation of the results of injection tests performed in the injection cell under different conditions. A semi-analytical model based on the Eylander (1988) model was developed in which we take into account a spatial distribution of the deposited particles and a double porosity of the medium (cake and granular medium). This distribution is inspired from the results if convection model studied before. The simulation of the results of injection experiments permitted to show the performances of this model for prediction of the pore pressure evolution during the fluid injection. This model allows prediction of the permeability evolution in a simpler and directly applicable manner in the reservoir engineering
Sais, Hassiba. "Étude de l'effet du débit pulsé en microfiltration et ultrafiltration sur membranes organiques à fibres creuses." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD858.
Full textXie, Xiaomin. "Investigation of Local and Global Hydrodynamics of a Dynamic Filtration Module (RVF Technology) for Intensification of Industrial Bioprocess." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0020/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the understanding and the control of dynamic interactions between physical and biological mechanisms considering an alternative membrane separation into industrial bioprocess. It aims to carry scientific knowledge related to the control of bioreaction considering complex hydrodynamics and retention-permeation locks specific to membrane separation. A dynamic filtration technology, called Rotating and Vibrating Filtration (RVF), was investigated. It consists of filtration cells in series including two flat disc membranes fixed onto porous substrates in the vicinity of a three-blade impeller attached to a central shaft. This simple mechanical device runs continuously and generates a high shear stress as well as a hydrodynamic perturbation in the narrow membrane-blade gap. Several scientific and technical locks motivating this work are to characterize and to quantify (i) the velocity fields locally and instantaneously, (2) the shear stresses at membrane surface and (3) the mechanical impact on microbial cells.To this end, experiments and numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the hydrodynamics at global and local scales under laminar and turbulent regimes with Newtonian fluids under biotic and abiotic environment. For global approach, investigation of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) and thermal balance was carried out and compared to the previous global study (power consumption and friction curves). Analytical study of distribution functions was conducted and statistical moments were calculated and discussed. A systemic analysis was used to describe the hydrodynamic behaviors of the RVF module. Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and RTD observations, it leads to demonstrate dysfunctioning conditions and area. For the local approach, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was be carried out in both horizontal and vertical planes and compared to CFD simulation. PIV preliminary study was conducted with a trigger strategy to access through angle-resolved measurements to an averaged velocity field. PIV further study were performed with a non-trigger strategy and applied to Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis in order to identify the coherent structure of the flow by decomposing the organized and turbulent fluctuations. For the bioprocess application, an exploratory work characterized the effect of Dynamic Filtration on prokaryote cell population (Escherichia coli) by quantifying cell integrity or damage as a function of time and rotation speed during filtration process in turbulent regime
Bessière-Pacurar, Charlotte. "Compréhension et quantification des mécanismes hydrodynamiques locaux liés à l'aération au sein de faisceaux de fibres creuses immergées." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0041/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to better understand the role of aeration to limit fouling onsubmerged hollow fibers membrane fouling, for wastewater treatment industry. Thisstudy uses an innovative experimental setup to perform outside-in filtrationexperiments thanks to several submerged loose hollow fibers organized in confinedbundles. The total membrane area is about 1.2 m2; the configuration of the bundlesis close to the one found in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). A complex synthetic fluidwith rheological characteristics close to MBRs sludge is used. Different aerationconditions such as the air flowrate, the location of the air injection, the type ofbubbles injected (whether they are coarse or fine bubbles injected in the reactor)were tested and membrane performances were analysed under a low or a ratherhigh flux of filtration. In specific aeration conditions showing a different behaviour interm of fouling, local characterization of the dispersed phase in an air and watersystem was undertaken by optical probes. Gas hold up and both mean and rootmean square bubble velocity profiles were determined and analysed regarding thelocation of air injection, the air flowrate and the type of bubbles. This study helps understanding the link between local hydrodynamics and foulingmechanisms and could lead to input for aeration device design and location in orderto decrease operating costs due to aeration in Membrane Bioreactors technology
Loginov, Maksym. "Preparation of concentrated mineral and bio-suspensions by filtration with alternative pretreatments and determination of permeability and rheological properties of obtained particulate systems." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1933.
Full textFiltration is a mechanical operation used for solid-liquid separation. It is widely employed for preparation of concentrated mineral suspensions and for purification of biological suspensions. The efficiency of filtration is mainly determined by filtration rate, which depends on colloidal properties of initial suspension (size of particles and aggregation state). In order to improve filtration efficiency, initial suspensions are usually pretreated by flocculants. Flocculation decreases concentration of fine particles, enhances aggregation of particles, decreases specific cake resistance, and thus increases filtration rate. However, use of flocculants may also deteriorate required properties of the final suspension and filtrate. For example, flocculation of mineral suspensions results in undesirable decrease of filter-cake dryness and impedes filter cake liquefaction. Flocculation of biosuspensions may decrease the transmission of valuable products from initial suspension to filtrate and may deteriorate filtrate quality. Consequently, pretreatment of suspension by flocculant may decrease the total efficiency of filtration. Alternative pretreatment methods were proposed in order to improve filtration efficiency. For example, pretreatment of suspension with a dispersant is used for preparation of concentrated and flowable filter cakes. Pretreatment of bio-suspensions by high pressure homogenization and other disruption methods may be used for making higher the concentration of valuable intracellular components in filtrate. However, such pretreatment may decrease the filtration rate and the total efficiency of filtration due to increase of the membrane fouling or formation of denser filter cake. Therefore, choice of the optimal pre-treatment method should account both for the filtration rate and the final properties of filtrate and filter cake. This optimisation requires the knowledge of colloidal properties of the feed suspension and dependence of these properties on intensity of various chemical and physical pre-treatments, and it creates a need in the simple method for determination of filterability. It also requires the knowledge of the mechanisms of filtration under various experimental conditions. This thesis is focused on the influence of different pretreatment methods (use of dispersants, high voltage electrical disruption, and high pressure homogenization) on filtration of mineral (kaolin, calcium carbonate) and biological (yeast) suspensions. It also deals with determination of local compression-permeability properties of concentrated suspensions from the centrifugal settling experiments. Investigation of the influence of a dispersant on preparation of flowable and concentrated suspension of kaolin has shown that preparation of kaolin suspensions with concentrations above 70 % wt is unreasonable due to low fluidity of the concentrated suspensions. It was concluded that low fluidity of concentrated suspensions is related to morphology (high aspect ratio) of the kaolin particles. Increase of suspension's concentration results in the percolation of stabilized kaolin particles and in abrupt decrease of fluidity. It was shown that highly concentrated (> 75 % wt) and flowable suspension of calcium carbonate may be prepared by means of dynamic filtration with addition of sodium polyacrylate. The optimal dryness of suspension obtained by dynamic filtration with delayed addition of a dispersant was higher than the optimal dryness of initially deflocculated suspension after its dynamic filtration. It was also observed that continuous treatment of yeast suspension by high voltage electric discharges (HVED) may be used for disruption of the cells and extraction of intracellular bio-products. However, it also results in formation of cell debris and decrease of filtration rate due to internal membrane fouling. Comparison of the novel method of HVED-treatment with classical method of high pressure homogenization (HPH) shows that HPH is more effective disruption method than HVED, since it results in higher extraction of proteins and other bio-products at the same value of disintegration index of yeast cells. However, if the value of disintegration index Z is above 0. 9, filtration of HPH-disrupted yeast suspension is governed by pore blocking mechanism. It results in very low rates of filtration of the maximally HPH-treated suspensions. Also, two independent methods for analysis of the experimental dependencies measured during the centrifugal consolidation were proposed. The dependencies of local compression and permeability characteristics versus solid pressure were estimated by these methods for aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate
Lefèvre, Delphine. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation de la filtration lors de l'écoulement d'une résine chargée de particules à travers un renfort fibreux dans les technologies LCM." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10144.
Full textIlina, Tatiana. "Modèles pseudo-diphasiques de transport facilité des colloïdes en milieux faiblement perméables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL001N/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to create and to develop a colloid suspension transport model in the saturated porous media that will be able to detect and to predict the apparition of the difference between water and suspension velocity; to distinguish cases of acceleration and of deceleration of the colloidal particles and also to calculate the two velocities using the initial information on the properties of porous media and of particles. We are proceeded by two different manners. Firstly, we are proposed an analytical method of calculation of enhancement velocity factor that can be introduced in the classic colloid transport model that is single-phase one. Secondly, we are proposed a new phenomenological mathematical approach to describe a colloid transport. To develop this approach, we are used the fact that two velocities appear automatically in the two-phase transport model. Thus our model must be similar to two-phase one. Therefore, for our mathematical model we are refused the traditional approach that assumes a transport of a single-phase liquid
Lim, T. "Quelques applications du contrôle stochastique aux risques de défaut et de liquidité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00499532.
Full textSarrade, Stéphane. "Etude du couplage de l'extraction par CO2 supercritique avec la séparation par membrane de nanofiltration." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20259.
Full textQueguiner, Christophe. "Modélisation de l'écoulement d'une capsule dans un pore cylindrique." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP0864.
Full textDan, Liu. "Couplage de technologies électriques et membranaires pour l'extraction / séparation de composés d'intérêt à partir de sous-produits de la vinification." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP1993.
Full textThis study concentrates on the intensification of aqueous extraction of biomolecules from winery by-products (yeasts, grape seeds, and grape pomaces) by electrotechnologies (pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high voltage electrical discharges (HVED)) and the purification of the extract by membrane technology. The electrical techniques can damage cell membranes and/or cell wall thus enhancing the release of intracellular compounds. The application of an electrical pretreatment allowed selective extraction of intracellular compounds from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. Results have shown the effect of the high pressure wave produced during HVED on the fragmentation of grape seeds and the extraction of the phenolic compounds. Finally, an empirical model was used to describe the kinetics of polyphenols extraction process. The application of membrane technology in the clarification of the extracts of winery byproducts has been explored. The principal disadvantage of this technology is membrane fouling. Various techniques were used to reduce the fouling phenomena. The studies carried out on the dynamic systems (stirred filtration and ultrasound assisted filtration) in this work avoided membrane fouling and maintained their performances in terms of fluxes and retentions. Based on the study of fouling mechanisms and quantification of specific cake resistance, the optimum operating conditions supporting a reduced fouling can be proposed
Wisniewski, Christelle. "Etude du comportement de cultures mixtes en bioréacteur à membrane. Cinétiques réactionnelles et filtrabilité." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20005.
Full textQuezel-Castraz, Vincent. "Développement et optimisation mécanique d'un filtre innovant pour le traitement de l’eau potable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0011.
Full textThis study focuses on adapting a gravity filtration technology for water treatment. In order to reduce manufacturing costs and limit harmful interaction with aggressive aqueous media, it is worth considering the transition from stainless steel structures to a polymer-based system. These gravity filters are placed under a filter media bed, usually sand. Not easily accessible once installed, they must be sized for a long service life. During use, a gravity filter is mechanically stressed by daily filtration and washing cycles. These long operating phases put a strain on the structure. Media pressure and hydraulic flow result in bending stresses during filtration, and washing. Because of this bending stress, it is worth considering and studying the use of a single-material sandwich structure (skin-foam-skin) to facilitate recycling. A pre-design and optimization phase has enabled us to develop an initial concept that is viable on an industrial scale.The selected polymer is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a semi-crystalline whose amorphous phase has a major influence on its viscous behavior. To predict long-term behavior, the use of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is necessary and indispensable. This principle is restricted to a range of temperatures depending on microstructural transitions. Furthermore, for this grade of material, the literature indicates that under a Von Mises stress of 5 MPa, creep deformation remains limited, as does post-recovery plastic deformation, which is desirable for the structure under test. Thermo-mechanical tensile tests are carried out under different stress paths (monotonic, load-discharge, creep-recovery) at different strain rates, stresses and temperatures, in order to identify a behavior law with the best possible accuracy. Creep master curves reconstructed at different imposed stresses enable us to assess behavior over more than 20 years. The behavior of HDPE is defined by a viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior law. The viscoelastic component is defined by internal variables within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The viscoplastic part is introduced by the Norton-Bailey model. This law of behavior correctly predicts thermo-flow and recovery and, with a slight deviation, monotonic tractions at different deformation speeds to capture loading inversions (filtration, washing). In parallel, the foam is being studied through an identification coupling of its architecture and its behavior in compression, while making a compromise in the description within the framework of an industrial calculation.To test cycles representative of the gravity filter, a 3-point bending fixture with load reversal capability was designed, built, and developed. Experiments over 120 filtration-washing cycles at two different temperatures demonstrate the application of TTSP. 3-point bending tests and creep cycles with inversion are used to validate the behavior law for HDPE alone and for the skin-foam-skin sandwich.The final part of this manuscript focuses on the gravity filter, with an approach to manufacturing and calculating the structure in operation. Interaction with various industrial players has enabled us to define a prototype that can be used on a hydraulic test bench. This prototype is modeled and then simulated using the identified behavior law to provide an initial estimate of the filtration system's response during use
Defrance, Laure. "Bioréacteur à membrane pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires : étude du colmatage de membranes minérales et amélioration du flux de perméat par application de techniques hydrodynamiques." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1055.
Full textOxarango, Laurent. "Transferts de Chaleur et de Masse dans des Structures Poreuses Multi-échelles : Application à l'étude des Filtres à Particules Diesel." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007594.
Full textShirkovskiy, Pavel. "Conjugaison de phase ultrasonore pour la vélocimétrie des écoulements gazeux : investigations des potentialités en micro-fluidique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604511.
Full textVo, Maureen. "A computational fluid dynamic study on the filtering mechanics in suspension feeding marine invertebrates." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10738.
Full textSuspension feeders have the important task of separating particles from the liquid medium surrounding them. Although a wide range of morphologies exist for feeding structures, essentially all consist of arrays of cylinders interacting with their fluid environment. The particle capture mechanism employed depends on morphological constraints, energy requirements, and flow conditions, therefore our objectives were to understand these relationships through comparison studies to interpret trends in nature and to understand the conditions in which novel functioning arises. Our studies used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to create controlled experiments and to simplify analyses. The first study demonstrates the unfeasibly high energetic costs of pumping in small and medium pharynx sizes of hemichordates, implying the gill pores of pterobranchs are likely vestigial structures from a larger ancestor. This last point further supports the hypothesis of an acorn worm as the ancestor to all deuterostomes. Our second study determined the critical Reynolds number (Re) range where barnacle filters transition from a paddle to a sieve. At very low Re, morphological differences have no major effect on functioning and filters behave as paddles, however, at Re 1 - 3.5, these differences dictate when a paddle becomes a sieve. CFD proved to be a very useful tool for simplifying studies and providing detailed microfluidics. These studies demonstrate how morphology and fluid dynamics interact to dictate the capture mechanisms or appendages employed and how simple changes in size, shape, or flow speed can lead to novel functioning.