Academic literature on the topic 'Filter products'

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Journal articles on the topic "Filter products"

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Abe, Koji. "Virus Removal Filter for Biotherapeutic Products." membrane 41, no. 5 (2016): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.41.251.

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VOIKIVA, Vanda, Arturs ZARINS, Liga AVOTINA, Inesa BARMINA, Vita RUDOVICA, and Gunta KIZANE. "Influence of Biomass Combustion Products on Element Content and Thermal Stability of Latvian Sheep Breed Wool Filter Fibres." Materials Science 26, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.4.23942.

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Sheep wool is natural, easy obtainable, renewable and biodegradable material with a perspective application as a sorbent in filters for purification of industrial emissions from various environmental pollutants. The element content and thermal stability of Latvian dark-headed sheep wool filter fibres was analysed and described before and after exposure to biomass combustion products. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the sheep wool filter fibres can sorb various gaseous combustion products, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), however, the sorption processes of these gases are irreversible. The obtained results of total reflection X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry suggest that the concentration of heavy metals, such as lead, zinc and iron, significantly increases in the sheep wool filter fibres after exposure to biomass combustion products. In thermogravimetric curves, no significant changes were detected for the sheep wool filter fibres after exposure to combustion products, while in differently thermal analysis curves, the formation of exothermic peak at around 580 °C was observed and could be related to autoignition. Using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, the solid particles of biomass combustion products were observed on the scaly surface of the sheep wool filter fibres, and these particles mainly consist of potassium chloride, carbon, sulphur and various metal oxides.
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Abd El-Latif, Ahmed Aref, and Ahmed Abd Elkader Ramadan. "(L,⊙)-Fuzzy (K,E)-Soft Filter." Mathematics 9, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9222895.

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In the present study, we preface the notion of the (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filter and probe many of its characteristics. Using certain operations, we induce (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft topologies from (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filters. Finally, we introduce the products of the (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filters and (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft topologies on strictly two-sided commutative quantale lattices (L,⊙) and (L,∗).
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Meierhofer, Regula, Carola Bänziger, Sandro Deppeler, Bal Kunwar, and Madan Bhatta. "From Water Source to Tap of Ceramic Filters—Factors That Influence Water Quality Between Collection and Consumption in Rural Households in Nepal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112439.

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The study assessed changes in water quality between the water source and the tap of locally produced low cost ceramic water filters used by a community living in hygienically critical conditions in a remote mountainous area in Western Nepal. Data was collected from 42 rural households during two visits. The effectiveness of filter handling on its performance was assessed through microbiological analysis, structured household interviews and structured observations. Water quality decreased significantly when source water was filled into transport containers, while the use of the filters improved drinking water quality for about 40% of the households. Highly inadequate filter cleaning practices involving the use of contaminated raw water, hands (geo mean = 110 E. coli CFU/100 mL) and cleaning tools (geo mean = 80 E. coli CFU/100 mL) stained hygienic parts of the filter. The use of boiling water to disinfect the filters was significantly correlated with improved filter performance and should be further promoted. However, even disinfected filters achieved a very low average LRV for E. coli of 0.4 in the field and performed worse than during laboratory tests (LRV for E. coli of 1.5–2). Comprehensive training on adequate filter handling, as well as better filter products, are required to improve the impact of filter use.
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Ilyushchankа, A. Ph, R. A. Kusin, I. M. Charniak, A. R. Kusin, and E. N. Eremin. "Selecting a Method for the Manufacture of Porous Powder Filter Products." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (739) (October 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-10-24-34.

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The article considers three methods of increasing the distribution uniformity of properties over the filtration area of powder filter materials at different stages of their manufacturing. It is shown that granulation of metal powders with a pore former increases the uniformity of permeability distribution over the filtration area by a factor of 2.3–3.5. Dry radial isostatic pressing ensures high distribution uniformity of properties, while the coefficient of variation of local permeability does not exceed 0.17. Radial compression allows increasing the uniformity of permeability distribution over the filtration area by 15 ... 22 % compared to that for the original powder filter materials. The selection of the method used in practice is determined by the shape, size and properties of the manufactured products and initial powders. The considered methods can be used in petrochemical engineering for the manufacture of porous powder products for filtering purposes, used to trap catalyst particles, filters for fine and coarse fuel and oil purification.
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Chryssomallis, M. T., and J. N. Sahalos. "Filter synthesis using products of Legendre polynomials." Electrical Engineering 81, no. 6 (April 1999): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01387163.

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Kennedy, Juliette, and Saharon Shelah. "On regular reduced products." Journal of Symbolic Logic 67, no. 3 (September 2002): 1169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1190150156.

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AbstractAssume (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+). Assume M is a model of a first order theory T of cardinality at most λ+ in a language of cardinality ≤ λ. Let N be a model with the same language. Let Δ be a set of first order formulas in and let D be a regular filter on λ. Then M is Δ-embeddable into the reduced power Nλ/D, provided that every Δ-existential formula true in M is true also in N. We obtain the following corollary: for M as above and D a regular ultrafilter over λ, Mλ/D is λ++-universal. Our second result is as follows: For i < μ let Mi, and Ni, be elementarily equivalent models of a language which has cardinality ≤ λ. Suppose D is a regular filter on λ and (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+) holds. We show that then the second player has a winning strategy in the Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé game of length λ+ on ΠiMi/D and ΠiNi/D. This yields the following corollary: Assume GCH and λ regular (or just (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+) and 2λ = λ+. For L, Mi and Ni be as above, if D is a regular filter on λ, then ΠiMi/D ≅ ΠiNi/D.
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CARROLL, SHANNON A., LEWIS E. CARR, EDWARD T. MALLINSON, CHINTA LAMICHANNE, BRANDT E. RICE, DAVID M. ROLLINS, and SAM W. JOSEPH. "Development and Evaluation of a 24-Hour Method for the Detection and Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in Meat Products." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.347.

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A 24-h filter monitor-based test, Listeria-SELeCT, has been developed to quantify Listeria monocytogenes organisms in meat samples with a sensitivity of ≤1.0 CFU/g. The technique comprises a filter monitor–based system and a colony lift immunoassay to identify and enumerate the target organism. Meat homogenates were centrifuged and the eluate was filtered to trap and immobilize the microorganisms on the filter. Fraser broth was then added to the filter apparatus to allow the organisms to become established overnight and to inhibit contaminants, after which the filters were transferred onto Modified Oxford medium agar, a selective medium for L. monocytogenes. After 10 to 12 h, a colony lift immunoassay was used to confirm and enumerate suspect colonies on the filter. A correlation study between the Listeria-SELeCT method and the most probable number technique showed the Listeria-SELeCT to be considerably more accurate than the most probable number for quantitatively determining the number of viable organisms in meat samples. Because of ease and speed of testing, the Listeria-SELeCT system also provided major advantages over the most probable number technology.
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Ramagiri, Santhosh Kumar, Arvind B. Shukla, Ramaniklal B. Bavaria, Surinder Singh, and Kaushik S. Parikh. "Connector-less test setup for measurement of passive inter-modulation products at UHF band." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 6 (August 28, 2013): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000731.

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This paper describes the establishment of a test setup for measurement of passive inter-modulation (PIM) products generated by various device(s) under test (DUT(s)) (filters, coaxial cables etc.) at ultra high frequency (UHF) band. The paper begins with a brief discussion of an ideal PIM test setup using a quiet load. It then discusses the establishment of the setup in the absence of quiet load and demonstrates a PIM level of −192 dBc of the test setup. Finally it shows the PIM performance of a band-stop filter, a flexible cable, cascade of band-stop filter, and flexible cable, measured using the established test setup. These components are required for UHF payload of a communication satellite.
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Haidash, Sоfiia, and Viktor Kostenko. "PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION OF MINING ENTERPRISES AND THEIR CLEANING FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS." Journal of “Problems of Ecology”, no. 1 (2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-8102-2021-1-32-38.

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Introduction. In the process of coal mining and beneficiation, a large amount of wastewater is formed at enterprises. Sewage has a variety of origins, which can be classified into: natural (mine, quarry, drainage); technological (water for carrying out technological process, water for cooling of cars and devices); surface (water from rain, snow and maintenance of the enterprise); household (water is formed from showers, bathrooms, dining rooms). Wastewater from mines and factories is highly polluted and can have toxic effects on the environment. Problem Statement. Natural waters have a high rate of mineralization, salts of heavy metals, iron. Waters are polluted with organic matter, large and small particles of coal and rock. Surface and process effluents are contaminated with coal dust and petroleum products. Domestic waters are contaminated with surfactants, fats, animal and plant food residues, alkali, cadmium, nickel. Purpose. The aim is to study in detail the sources of pollution of mine effluents, to determine their composition and properties. Identify the seasonality of sources. Describe the method of water treatment and suggest possible improvements to existing technology. Materials and methods. The water must undergo some purification before it enters the environment. One of the main processes of wastewater treatment is filtration. This process is the most common and effective, so it should be part of the cleaning technology. The filter element can be a thin partition with pores or three-dimensional elements with a porous filler. This paper presents a technology with a granular filter, also called fast. The fast filter works on the principle of volume filtration, impurities are retained in the entire volume of the filter medium, in the pores and on the surface of the grains. Before filtration, the water is treated with coagulants. Types of granular materials: quartz sand, anthracite, expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, ceramic sand, mesoporous coal. Mesoporous coal is a promising material for filtration. Results. In the result of consideration of the composition and properties of wastewater, the appropriate technological scheme of mine wastewater treatment is selected and described. The technology provides purification from large impurities in open hydrocyclones, water treatment with flocculant, provides a filter and clarifier, enhanced purification from petroleum products in the oil trap and carbon filter. Filling the filter is sent to the coal warehouse, which is a cost-effective solution. Conclusions. The effluents of mining enterprises are saturated with pollutants and have a very aggressive composition, so it is unacceptable to release them into the environment without prior lighting. Should attention be paid to the purification of petroleum products that fall into the water as a result of the operation of machines and devices. As one of the possible methods, the technological scheme, improved by the department with oil trap and filter, is presented. Filter backfill is mesoporous coal, which is a very promising sorbent. Water treated with this technology can be used for recirculating water supply. This is justified not only by the economic aspect, but also by the environmental one. Keywords: mine drains, mining, pollution, petroleum products, filtration, technological scheme.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Filter products"

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Ma, Guojun. "Cr(VI)-containing electric furnace dust and filter cake characteristics, formation, leachability and stabilisation /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182006-163226.

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CORREA, LEONARDO GUILHERME CAETANO. "INFERENCE OF THE QUALITY OF DESTILLATION PRODUCTS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETS AND FILTER OF EXTENDED KALMAN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7588@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Atualmente cresce o interesse científico e industrial na elaboração de métodos de controle não lineares. Porém, estes modelos costumam ter difícil implementação e um custo elevado até que se obtenha uma ferramenta de controle confiável. Desta forma, estudos na área de métodos de apoio à decisão procuram desenvolver aplicações inteligentes com custos reduzidos, capazes de executar controles industriais avançados com excelentes resultados, como no caso da indústria petroquímica. Na destilação de derivados de petróleo, por exemplo, é comum fazer uso de análises laboratoriais de amostras para identificar se uma substância está com suas características físico-químicas dentro das normas internacionais de produção. Além disso, o laudo pericial desta análise permite regular os instrumentos da planta de produção para que se consiga um controle mais acurado do processo e, conseqüentemente, um produto final com maior qualidade. Entretanto, apesar da análise laboratorial ter maior acurácia nos resultados que avaliam a qualidade do produto final, exige, às vezes, muitas horas de análise, o que retarda o ajuste dos equipamentos de produção, reduzindo a eficiência do processo e aumentando o tempo de produção de certos produtos, que precisam ter sua composição, posteriormente, corrigida com outros reagentes. Outra desvantagem está relacionada aos custos de manutenção e calibração dos instrumentos localizados na área de produção, pois, como estes equipamentos estão instalados em ambientes hostis, normalmente sofrem uma degradação acelerada, o que pode gerar leituras de campo erradas, dificultando a ação dos operadores. Em contrapartida, dentre os métodos inteligentes mais aplicados em processos industriais químicos, destacam-se as redes neurais artificiais. Esta estrutura se inspira nos neurônios biológicos e no processamento paralelo do cérebro humano, tendo assim a capacidade de armazenar e utilizar o conhecimento experimental que for a ela apresentado. Apesar do bom resultado que a estrutura de redes neurais gera, existe uma desvantagem relacionada à necessidade de re-treinamento da rede quando o processo muda seu ponto de operação, ou seja, quando a matériaprima sofre algum tipo de mudança em suas características físico-químicas. Como solução para este problema, foi elaborado um método híbrido que busca reunir as vantagens de uma estrutura de redes neurais com a habilidade de um filtro estocástico, conhecido por filtro de Kalman estendido. Em termos práticos, o filtro atua em cima dos pesos sinápticos da rede neural, atualizando os mesmos em tempo real e permitindo assim que o sistema se adapte constantemente às variações de mudança de processo. O sistema também faz uso de pré-processamentos específicos para eliminar ruídos dos instrumentos de leitura, erros de escalas e incompatibilidade entre os sinais de entrada e saída do sistema, que foram armazenados em freqüências distintas; o primeiro em minutos e o segundo em horas. Além disso, foram aplicadas técnicas de seleção de variáveis para melhorar o desempenho da rede neural no que diz respeito ao erro de inferência e ao tempo de processamento. O desempenho do método foi avaliado em cada etapa elaborada através de diferentes grupos de testes utilizados para verificar o que cada uma delas agregou ao resultado final. O teste mais importante, executado para avaliar a resposta da metodologia proposta em relação a uma rede neural simples, foi o de mudança de processo. Para isso, a rede foi submetida a um grupo de teste com amostras dos sinais de saída somados a um sinal tipo rampa. Os experimentos mostraram que o sistema, utilizando redes neurais simples, apresentou um resultado com erros MAPE em torno de 1,66%. Por outro lado, ao utilizar redes neurais associadas ao filtro de Kalman estendido, o erro cai à metade, ficando em torno de 0,8%. Isto comprova que, além do filtro de Kalman não destruir a qualidade da rede neural original
Nowadays, scientific and industrial interest on the development of nonlinear control systems increases day after day. However, before these models become reliable, they must pass through a hard and expensive implementation process. In this way, studies involving decision support methods try to develop low cost intelligent applications to build up advanced industrial control systems with excellent results, as in the petrochemical industry. In the distillation of oil derivatives, for example, it is very common the use of laboratorial sample analysis to identify if a substance has its physical- chemistry characteristics in accordance to international production rules. Besides, the analyses results allow the adjustment of production plant instruments, so that the process reaches a thorough control, and, consequently, a final product with higher quality. However, although laboratory analyses are more accurate to evaluate final product quality, sometimes it demands many hours of analysis, delaying the adjustments in the production equipment. In this manner, the process efficiency is reduced and some products have its production period increased because they should have its composition corrected with other reagents. Another disadvantage is the equipments´ maintenance costs and calibration, since these instruments are installed in hostile environments that may cause unaccurate field measurements, affecting also operator´s action. On the other hand, among the most applied intelligent systems in chemical industry process are the artificial neural networks. Their structure is based on biological neurons and in the parallel processing of the human brain. Thus, they are capable of storing and employing experimental knowledge presented to it earlier. Despite good results presented by neural network structures, there is a disadvantage related to the need for retraining whenever the process changes its operational point, for example, when the raw material suffers any change on its physical-chemistry characteristics. The proposed solution for this problem is a hybrid method that joins the advantages of a neural network structure with the ability of a stochastic filter, known as extended Kalman filter. This filter acts in the synaptic weights, updating them online and allowing the system to constantly adapt itself to process changes. It also uses specific pre-processing methods to eliminate scale mistakes, noises in instruments readings and incompatibilities between system input and output, which are measured with different acquisition frequencies; the first one in minutes and the second one in hours. Besides, variable selection techniques were used to enhance neural network performance in terms of inference error and processing time. The method´s performance was evaluated in each process step through different test groups used to verify what each step contributes to the final result. The most important test, executed to analyse the system answer in relation to a simple neural network, was the one which simulated process changes. For that end, the network was submitted to a test group with output samples added to a ramp signal. Experiments demonstrated that a system using simple neural networks presented results with MAPE error of about 1,66%. On the other hand, when using neural networks associated to an extended Kalman filter, the error decreases to 0,8%. In this way, it´s confirmed that Kalman filter does not destroy the original neural network quality and also adapts it to process changes, allowing the output inference without the necessity of network retraining.
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Chobot, Ivan. "Drobné prachové částice v plynných produktech spalování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230414.

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Goal of this dissertation is introduce the problem of small dust particles present in the gaseous products of combustion. Further I´m looking technologies cyclone and an electrostatic filter to capture small particles and comparing the effectiveness of separability. Dissertation is concluded by designed cyclone and an electrostatic filter.
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YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro, Shingo SATAKE, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, Akira OBUCHI, and Junko UCHISAWA. "Simulation on Soot Oxidation with NO2 and O2 in a Diesel Particulate Filter." The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9385.

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Huang, Baitong. "Comparison of Pre- and Post-treatments of Sugarcane Industry By-products to Increase Biomethane Production." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170583.

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Even though the Brazilian ethanol and sugar production system (based on sugarcane industry) have been providing large amounts of bioenergy, the extensive amounts of organic wastes generated cannot be ignored when it comes to sustainability. Using these biomasses to produce biomethane through anaerobic digestion has been proven as a promising way to tackle this issue. This study investigated the biomethane potential of the co-digestion of these biomasses: SF (sugarcane straw : filter cake = 8:2), SFV (sugarcane straw : filter cake : vinasse = 1:4:45), and D (digestate separated from AD of SFV). Three treatments autoclaving (AU), alkaline (AL) treatment using 6% (w/w) NaOH and the combination of these two (AUAL) were then conducted on SF and SFV as pre-treatments; on D as post- treatments. In the biomethane potential tests of untreated material, the highest methane yield was achieved by SFV with 275.28 ± 11 N ml CH4/g VS, followed by SF with 223.25 ± 10 N ml CH4 g-1 VS, substrate D also resulted in a methane potential of 144.69 ± 2 N ml CH4 g-1 VS. As pre-treatments, AL and AUAL both showed increase in methane yield (between 36.0% and 49.1%) and methane production rate. As post-treatments, AU, AL and AUAL showed distinctive results in methane production, with 33.8%, 99.8% and 128.8% increase, respectively. In comparison with pre-treatment, post-treatment showed a better performance in increasing methane production. The following feeding experiments performed in continuous stirred-tank reactors showed that AL treatment led to an average of 248% increase in methane yield.
Sugarcane waste: towards a zero C emission in the Brazilian bioenergy sector
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Tatangsurja, Hendra. "Digital filter design using stored product ROMs." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5332.

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Levickaitė, Giedrė. "Sorbentų naudojimo paviršinėms nuotekoms valyti tyrimai ir analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110620_141622-97641.

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Didžiausiais paviršinių nuotekų teršalais laikomi naftos produktai ir skendinčiosios medžiagos. Pastarąsias galima nesunkiai pašalinti taikant tradicinius paviršinių nuotekų valymo metodus, tokius kaip nusodinimas, o naftos produktų šalinimui reikalingas antrinis nuotekų valymas. Vienas efektyviausių NP šalinimo iš nuotekų būdas yra filtravimas pro sorbuojančiosios medžiagos filtrą. Nors šiuo būdu valant nuotekas galima pasiekti didelio teršalų šalinimo efektyvumo, praktiškai dažnai susiduriama su problema, kai į eksploatuojamuosius valymo įrenginius nuotekos atiteka dideliais greičiais ir teršalai nėra iki galo pašalinami. Todėl šiame darbe buvo atliktas trijų skirtingų sintetinių sorbentų („Fibroil, „Duck“, „Reo-dry“) efektyvumo šalinti iš paviršinių nuotekų naftos produktus ekstremaliomis sąlygomis (esant dideliems greičiams) eksperimentinis tyrimas. Atlikus bandymus su dirbtinėmis ir realiomis paviršinėmis nuotekomis laboratoriniame stende, nustatyta, kad visų trijų sorbentų efektyvumas šalinti NP yra panašus ir skendinčiosios medžiagos bei nuotekų drumstumas neturi įtakos NP šalinimo efektyvumui. Tačiau „Fibroil“ sorbentą naudojant kaip filtro užpildą, 30 m/h greitį galima išlaikyti gerokai ilgiau nei su sorbentais „Duck“ ir „Reo-dry“ ir šį sorbentą naudoti ekonomiškiausia. Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas, darbo aktualumo aprašymas, literatūros apžvalga, tiriamojo darbo metodikos aprašymas, eksperimeto rezultatai, rekomendacijos ir išvados bei literatūros sąrašas. Darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Suspended solids and oil products are considered as the most important pollutants in the storm water. As suspended solids can be easily retained from storm water by simple sedimentation, for oil products it is usually needed to have a secondary treatment: filtration through sorbents media. Although storm water filtration through a sorbent filter gives high treatment efficiency, it is usually impossible to ensure the right speed of storm water coming to the treatment facilities (it is usually too high to ensure an efficient sorption). For this reason the research and analysis of three different synthetic sorbents („Fibroil“, „Duck“, „Reo-dry“) were performed with artificial and real storm water in the laboratory under extreme conditions (filtration speed 30 m/h). According to the results of the experiment, all three sorbents have similar treatment efficiency and suspended solids and turbidity has no impact on oil products removal efficiency. But it is more efficient to use “Fibroil” and it is suitable for filtration under 30 m/h speed much longer than sorbents “Duck” and “Reo-dry”. Structure: introduction, relevance, methodology, results of the experiment, recomedations conclusions and references. Thesis consist of: 55 p. text without appendixes, 21 pictures, 8 tables, 39 bibliographical entries.
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Andersson, Egerlid Axel, and Fredrik Westin. "Design of filter cloth analyser : Development of a portable filter cloth selection tool for filters used to regenerate the acid used in the pickling process during the production of stainless steel." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71474.

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The stainless steel industry is an industry which manufactures one of the most used ma-terials in the world. Even though the vast size of the industry many might not reflect werethe steel comes from when buying their IKEAcutlery etc. But in fact this industry is moreintricate and complex than one might think.During the manufacturing process, the steelgoes through several processes. One of thoseprocesses is done by treating the steel withstrong acid. This chemical process is calledpickling. The pickling process is what createsthe characteristic smooth and shiny surface ofa product made in stainless steel.This thesis is about the development of a testunit that is able to effectively test the ASRA(Acid Sludge Removal Apparatus) filter cloths.The ASRA is a filtration system developed by Scanacon in Stockholm that filtrates and puri-fies acid that is used during the pickling pro-cess of a steel manufacture process. Today, it is complicated, time consuming and dangerous totest and evaluate different filter cloths in orderto find the cloth that provides the best result,since the tests has to be conducted on the realsystems. The aim of this thesis was therefore tosolve these problems. Scanacon wanted to findan alternative solution, that would not includeinteraction with the real filtration system. Theyalso wanted a portable and safe solution. To solve the problem a iterative design pro-cess called RDCD which stands for research, design, create & delivery was developed. Theprocesses was heavily influenced by the CDIO process (Conceive, Design, Implement & Ope-rate). After the research phase was conducted it was decided that a small filter analysis productwould be the best way to solve the problem. The product was then developed one com-ponent at a time. During the project several prototypes and test was created and conductedin order to validate the design.The result is a small filtration unit speciallydesigned to simulate the ASRA system. Theproduct is able to rapidly test various filtercloths in an easy way, without putting the user in harm’s way. After the tests has been perfor-med can the user can identify which cloth that worked the best. The product is small enoughto be possible to be carried in a hard case bag,which in turn affords portability.
Stålindustrin är en industri som tillverkar ettav de mest använda materialen i världen. Trotsindustrins enorma storlek är det kanske intemånga som reflekterar varifrån stålet kommerifrån när man köper exempelvis IKEA bestick.Men faktum är att den här industrin är mycketmer invecklad och komplex än vad man kan tro. Under tillverkningsprocessen går stålet ige-nom flera processer. En av de här processerna genomförs genom att behandla stålet med starksyra. Den kemiska processen kallas för betningoch är det som ger en produkt tillverkad i stålden karaktäristiska lena och glänsande ytan. Den här examensrapporten handlar om ut-vecklandet av en test enhet som effektivt kan testa filter dukarna till ASRA (Acid SludgeRemoval Apparatus) systemet. ASRA systemetär ett filtreringssystem utvecklat av Scanaconi Stockholm som filtrerar och renar syran som används under betningsprocessen vid stål-tillverkning. Idag är det komplicerat, tidskrä-vande och farligt att testa och utvärdera olika filterdukar för att ta reda på vilken duk somger bäst resultat, eftersom att testerna måstegenomföras på de riktiga systemen. Målet fördet här examensarbetet var därför att lösa dehär problemen. Scanacon ville ha en alternativlösning som inte kräver interaktion med deriktiga systemen. De ville också ha en portabeloch säker lösning. För att lösa problemet utvecklades en itera-tiv designprocess kallad RDCD som står för research, design, create & delivery. Processen var tungt influerat av CDIO (Conceive, De-sign, Implement & Operate) processen. Efter att researchfasen var genomförd bestämdesdet att en liten filteranalysatorprodukt var detbästa sättet att lösa problemet på. Produktenutvecklades sedan en komponent i taget. Underprojektets gång har flera prototyper byggts och flera tester genomförts för att validera designen. Resultatet är en liten filtreringsenhet som är specialdesignad för att simulera ASRA syste-met. Produkten kan snabbt testa oliak filterdu-kar på ett enkelt sätt, utan utsätta användaren för fara. Efter att testerna genomförts kananvändaren identifiera vilken duk som funkatbäst. Produkten är tillräckligt liten för att fåplats i en hårdplast väska, vilket ger produktenden efterfrågade portabiliteten.
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Truffault, Laurianne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules à base d'oxydes de cérium et de fer pour la filtration des UV dans les produits solaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604174.

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L'objet de cette thèse est la synthèse et la caractérisation de nouveaux filtres UV inorganiques nanostructurés, efficaces dans le domaine des UVA. Dans ce contexte, nous avons choisi d'étudier le dioxyde de cérium (CeO2) et l'hématite (α-Fe2O3) en raison notamment de leurs propriétés optiques d'absorption des UV. Deux méthodes de synthèse ont été sélectionnées pour l'élaboration de ces oxydes, purs ou dopés, sous la forme de poudre nanométrique: la co-précipitation et le spray-pyrolyse. Les conditions optimales de synthèse ont été déterminées grâce à de la diffraction des rayons X et de l'analyse thermique. La structure cristalline ainsi que la granulométrie des échantillons obtenus ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X et microscopies électroniques. La granulométrie et la morphologie des échantillons sont reliées aux méthodes de synthèse, aux conditions opératoires (atmosphère et température de calcination), à la nature et à la concentration des éléments dopants. Les propriétés optiques des échantillons suspendus dans de l'éthanol ont été étudiées par spectroscopie d'absorption UV-visible. Elles sont reliées à la granulométrie des échantillons ainsi qu'à des phénomènes localisés au sein de la maille cristallographique (changements de valence, présence de défauts). Les échantillons à base de CeO2 et α-Fe2O3 ont finalement été incorporés en émulsion solaire, à la place de ZnO, afin de tester leurs performances anti-solaires (SPF et FP-UVA) par mesure in vitro. Les résultats montrent que le ZnO peut être positivement remplacé dans les produits de protection solaire par l'oxyde de cérium ou de fer qu'ils soient purs ou dopés.
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Yearsley, Jonathan D. "Product family design using Smart Pareto filters /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2687.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Filter products"

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Elkington, John. The environmental audit: A green filter for company policies, plants, processes and products. London: SustainAbility, 1990.

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Hall, Fred. Evaluation of fabric filter performance at Ames solid waste recovery system. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Marone, Enrico, ed. La filiera del tartufo e la sua valorizzazione in Toscana e Abruzzo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-036-5.

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There can be no valorisation of the truffle system without a sufficient awareness of the chain that brings the truffle from the ground to the consumer. This in fact renders explicit the link between the product and the territory of origin, eliminating disparities at the level of information between the consumer and the gatherer/producer/transformer. In this case, the value of the product is increased to the extent that along with it we also acquire the quality of the environment that produces it. The research that is presented in this volume offers valid elements of orientation, both for those working in the sector and for the public sector, to which it offers knowledge useful for the defence of the local product and for guiding sector policies.
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González, Zacarías León. Percutaneous Absorption of UV Filters Contained in Sunscreen Cosmetic Products. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01189-9.

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Bert Haanstra: Filmer van Nederland. Amsterdam: Mets & Schilt, 2009.

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Schoots, Hans. Bert Haanstra: Filmer van Nederland. Amsterdam: Mets & Schilt, 2009.

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Sjöman, Vilgot. Facit till mina böcker och filmer. Stockholm: Atlantis, 2004.

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Laxton, Douglas. A simple multivariate filter for the measurement of potential output. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 1992.

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Laxton, Douglas. A simple multivariate filter for the measurement of potential output. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 1992.

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de, Jonge Jaap, and Klerk Nico de, eds. J.C. Lamster, een vroege filmer in Nederlands-Indië. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Filter products"

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Durupt, Gérard. "Classification and Mode of Action of Sun Filter and Sunblock Products." In Primary Photo-Processes in Biology and Medicine, 453–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1224-6_23.

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Pestotnik, Kristina, Tina Kosjek, and Ester Heath. "Transformation Products of Personal Care Products: UV Filters Case Studies." In Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment, 459–92. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118339558.ch15.

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Rothon, Roger. "Precipitated and Fumed Silicas and Related Products." In Fillers for Polymer Applications, 293–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28117-9_10.

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Schuck, Pierre. "Dairy Fat and Fat-Filled Powders: Process-Product Interactions." In Dairy Fat Products and Functionality, 475–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41661-4_19.

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Topçu, İlker Bekir, and Taylan Sofuoğlu. "Properties of Mortars Produced with PKF Press Filter Waste." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 347–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64349-6_28.

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Koulov, Atanas. "Special Topics in Analytics of Pre-filled Syringes." In Challenges in Protein Product Development, 225–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90603-4_10.

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Brun, Pierre Le, Fabio Taina, Claudia Voigt, Eva Jäckel, and Christos Aneziris. "Assessment of Active Filters for High Quality Aluminium Cast Products." In Light Metals 2016, 785–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch133.

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Le Brun, Pierre, Fabio Taina, Claudia Voigt, Eva Jäckel, and Christos Aneziris. "Assessment of Active Filters for High Quality Aluminium Cast Products." In Light Metals 2016, 785–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_133.

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Elyada, Yishai M., and David Horn. "Can Dynamic Neural Filters Produce Pseudo-Random Sequences?" In Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations – ICANN 2005, 211–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11550822_34.

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Burton, H. "Connection of Aseptic Fillers to UHT Processing Plant." In Ultra-High-Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products, 243–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2157-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Filter products"

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Schroth, Thomas, Antje Rudolph, and Carl Freudenberg. "Newly Developed Filter Products for Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-517.

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The newly developed depth-loading filter types MaxiPleat filter and depth-loading filter cartridge offer gas turbine users numerous advantages in terms of clean air quality in the combustion air, cost-efficiency due to favourable pressure drop, long life and high functional reliability over the entire operating period. The MaxiPleat filters fitted with a paper-like filter medium are produced by using the patented thermal embossing process, distinctive for its solution to the spacing problem. Without using any foreign materials as separators, depths of 250 mm can be achieved in pleating, with V-shaped, flow-optimized pleat geometries. This ensures low pressure drops and high dust holding capacities. The depth-loading filter cartridge is intended as a replacement filter for surface-loading filter cartridges given unsatisfactory results. A conventional pulse-jet system can be converted to a depth-loading filter without any expensive modification. The depth-loading filter cartridge extends substantially the useful life of the filters and significantly improves the pressure drop characteristics, especially when sticky dusts and high humidity locations are involved.
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Zurauskiene, Ramune, Marina Valentukeviciene, and Youssef-Amine Boussouga. "Filter Medias from Recycled Concrete, Properties Investigated for Sorption Processes." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.097.

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Every year construction demolition waste amount increases. 75 percent of this waste consists of concrete, masonry products and tile products. Concrete and reinforced concrete waste can be recycled and reused for new concrete product pro-duction, road installation, as well as formed water treatment. Crushed concrete particles are characterized by large surface area and many voids. These particle characteristics depend on used crushing-granulating method. Particles obtained by the milling method have larger number of voids, higher water absorbance and higher number of open pores. Crushed concrete particles, of which high amounts are formed in building or waste recycling sites, can be used as filler for water treatment filters.
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Oreshkin, B. N., and M. J. Coates. "Asynchronous distributed particle filter via decentralized evaluation of Gaussian products." In 2010 13th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2010.5712070.

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Brunner, Nathan R. "Test Equipment and Methods at The 3M Company Diesel Filter Products Laboratory." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950516.

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Li, Xiang, Chuan He, Yongjun Wang, and Zhi Li. "Generalized complementary filter for attitude estimation based on vector observations and cross products." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279567.

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Moonpragarn, Rattarak, and Rungchat Chompu-inwai. "Process flow improvement in production of noise filter products through lean manufacturing technique." In 2018 5th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iea.2018.8387120.

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Morse, Edward P., Krishnakumar Gopal, and Jayaraman Raja. "The Surface Wavelength Composition of Thin Wall Iron Castings and Its Influence on CMM Measurements." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61191.

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When measuring any mechanical artifact, thickness measurements obtained using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) are affected by geometric variations having different wavelengths, leading to uncertainty in the reported thickness. These effects can be very pronounced in cast iron products, as the surfaces can be quite rough. This paper presents a methodology for reducing the uncertainty in the thickness measurements by comparing the measurements obtained using profilometry with CMM measurements. The surface data obtained from a profilometer are filtered using standard ISO filter and also using a morphological filter. The different wavelength components — such as the waviness profile and roughness profile — are separated and the thickness values are obtained from the filtered and unfiltered surface profile. The efficacy of different filtering methods is examined, and a procedure for reducing the uncertainty of the reported thicknesses is proposed.
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Narabayashi, Tadashi, Yuuhei Sugano, Hiroki Imaeda, Go Chiba, Nobuaki Sato, Koji Endo, and Toshiki Kobayashi. "Development of High Efficiency Containment Venting System by Using AgX." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60999.

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Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident would be terminated, if sufficient accident countermeasures, such as water proof door, mobile power, etc [1, 2]. In case of Europe, it had already installed the heat removal system and filtered containment venting system (FCVS) from the lessons of TMI and Chernobyl Accidents. The new regulatory standard in Japan, the filtered vent system (FCVS) should be installed, and prevent the radioactive material in case of the severe accident and the overpressure breakage prevention of a primary containment vessel (PCV) and also the robustization of the FCVS. The authors examined the severe accident process in the 2nd unit of Fukushima Daiichi NPS, and found the vent by FCVS should be done before water injection into the core. The PCV spray and water injection into the pedestal basement should be also the countermeasures to the severe accident. Countermeasures for an intentional aircraft collision should be installed too. Upon occurrence of a severe accident (SA), vent gas with radioactive fission products is blown out to a scrubbing pool through numerous venturi nozzles. Mist in steam moves upward to a metal fiber filter through a multi-hole baffle plate. After the mist is removed by that filter, radioactive methyl iodine (CH3I) is captured on the surface of a molecular sieve or AgX, made from zeolite particles with silver coating. A FCVS visualized test facility was installed at Hokkaido University. An AgX filter is used down-stream of the scrubbing pool and metal fiver filter. Thickness of AgX filter is very important parameter to obtain enough decontamination factor (DF). The DF for the radioactive iodine exceeds 10,000 at bed depth (AgX filter thickness) greater than 75mm.
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Peterson, Amy, Po-I. Lee, Ming-Chia Lai, Ming-Cheng Wu, and Craig DiMaggio. "Impact of Biodiesel Emission Products from a Multi-Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine on Particulate Filter Performance." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1184.

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Gudmundsson, Valthor, Haukur Kristinsson, Soren Petersen, and Agus Hasan. "Robust UAV Attitude Estimation Using a Cascade of Nonlinear Observer and Linearized Kalman Filter." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9123.

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This paper presents a new approach for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) attitude estimation using a cascade of nonlinear observer and linearized Kalman filter. The nonlinear observer is globally asymptotically stable and is designed using linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The exogenous signal from the nonlinear observer is used to generate a linearized model for the Kalman filter. The method is implemented for attitude estimation of a quadcopter. The nonlinear model is derived from the Newton-Euler equations. The nonlinear model is locally Lipschitz due to the cross and dot products between the angular and linear velocity vectors. The attitude estimation from the dynamical system presented in this paper can be used as a module for fault detection. Simulations in Gazebo on a PX4 using Software In The Loop (SITL) shows the proposed method is able to estimate the attitude of a quadcopter accurately.
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Reports on the topic "Filter products"

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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley, and Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.
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Costley, D., Luis De Jesús Díaz,, Sarah McComas, Christopher Simpson, James Johnson, and Mihan McKenna. Multi-objective source scaling experiment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40824.

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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed an experiment at a site near Vicksburg, MS, during May 2014. Explosive charges were detonated, and the shock and acoustic waves were detected with pressure and infrasound sensors stationed at various distances from the source, i.e., from 3 m to 14.5 km. One objective of the experiment was to investigate the evolution of the shock wave produced by the explosion to the acoustic wavefront detected several kilometers from the detonation site. Another objective was to compare the effectiveness of different wind filter strategies. Toward this end, several sensors were deployed near each other, approximately 8 km from the site of the explosion. These sensors used different types of wind filters, including the different lengths of porous hoses, a bag of rocks, a foam pillow, and no filter. In addition, seismic and acoustic waves produced by the explosions were recorded with seismometers located at various distances from the source. The suitability of these sensors for measuring low-frequency acoustic waves was investigated.
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Patel, Yusef. File to Factory: A case study of automated prefabrication house-building methods for small-to-medium enterprises. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.0823.

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The Eco-Digital Fabrication (EDFAB) research project aimed to investigate how automated prefabrication technologies and off-the-shelf construction products can be employed to disrupt building industry norms. The aim of this research – conducted at the University of Auckland and Unitec Institute of Technology from 2014 onward – was to provide small-to-medium enterprises in the construction industry with a pathway to upskill and increase construction productivity through the use of these processes. The availability of automated machines and easy-to-use fabrication software is increasing dramatically and this can be paired with readily available construction products to produce novel mass-customised housing solutions. The application of basic automated technologies – such as CNC (Computer Numerical Control) routers – allowed researchers to create ‘recipes’ that can be adopted and adapted relatively easily. By no means did the research favour digital manufacture or assembly processes over traditional analogue construction techniques – the goal was to provide logical, productive and accessible blended solutions for greater affordability and flexibility in design. For example, the designed experiments were required to be built from readily available products, and used simple readymade screw fixings rather than digitally produced custom fixings or joining mechanisms. The research project aimed to generate discussion and provide recommendations on how the construction industry might support the adoption of automated prefabrication technology in small-to-medium enterprise (SME).
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Tull, J., R. Belles, D. Bonner, and L. Carroll. NARAC Products File Description Version 2.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009765.

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Searcy, Stephen W., and Kalman Peleg. Adaptive Sorting of Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568747.bard.

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This project includes two main parts: Development of a “Selective Wavelength Imaging Sensor” and an “Adaptive Classifiery System” for adaptive imaging and sorting of agricultural products respectively. Three different technologies were investigated for building a selectable wavelength imaging sensor: diffraction gratings, tunable filters and linear variable filters. Each technology was analyzed and evaluated as the basis for implementing the adaptive sensor. Acousto optic tunable filters were found to be most suitable for the selective wavelength imaging sensor. Consequently, a selectable wavelength imaging sensor was constructed and tested using the selected technology. The sensor was tested and algorithms for multispectral image acquisition were developed. A high speed inspection system for fresh-market carrots was built and tested. It was shown that a combination of efficient parallel processing of a DSP and a PC based host CPU in conjunction with a hierarchical classification system, yielded an inspection system capable of handling 2 carrots per second with a classification accuracy of more than 90%. The adaptive sorting technique was extensively investigated and conclusively demonstrated to reduce misclassification rates in comparison to conventional non-adaptive sorting. The adaptive classifier algorithm was modeled and reduced to a series of modules that can be added to any existing produce sorting machine. A simulation of the entire process was created in Matlab using a graphical user interface technique to promote the accessibility of the difficult theoretical subjects. Typical Grade classifiers based on k-Nearest Neighbor techniques and linear discriminants were implemented. The sample histogram, estimating the cumulative distribution function (CDF), was chosen as a characterizing feature of prototype populations, whereby the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic was employed as a population classifier. Simulations were run on artificial data with two-dimensions, four populations and three classes. A quantitative analysis of the adaptive classifier's dependence on population separation, training set size, and stack length determined optimal values for the different parameters involved. The technique was also applied to a real produce sorting problem, e.g. an automatic machine for sorting dates by machine vision in an Israeli date packinghouse. Extensive simulations were run on actual sorting data of dates collected over a 4 month period. In all cases, the results showed a clear reduction in classification error by using the adaptive technique versus non-adaptive sorting.
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Turner, DD, C. Lo, and Q. Min. Cloud Optical Properties from the Multi-Filter Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSRCLDOD): An ARM Value-Added Product. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020280.

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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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8

Slijkerman, D. M. E., and M. Keur. Sunscreen ecoproducts : Product claims, potential effects and environmental risks of applied UV filters. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/457209.

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9

Conlin, Jeremy, and R. Seamon. Producing the Fission-Product-Isotope File KIDMAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1810498.

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10

Cook, B., M. McElfresh, C. Alford, E. Fought, and S. Letts. Attempts to Produce D2-Gas-Filled Be Shells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15014506.

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