Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Filosofia della tecnica'
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Scamacca, Laura <1987>. "L’uomo nel mondo della tecnica. Un confronto tra Heidegger e Anders." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3541.
Full textDondi, Alessandro <1976>. "Dall'uomo esposto al soggetto esposto: il concetto di interfaccia in alcuni filoni di riflessione sulla tecnica dal Settecento a Marcel Mauss." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9338/1/dottorato-tesi-alessandro-dondi.pdf.
Full textThe notion of environment is not a recent notion. Nowadays the reference to the environment appears more and more widespread in debates, in scientific and artistic works, in popularization spaces and increasingly pervades individual affective spaces and individual and collective theories and political practices. As far as the environment enters the axiological field, it enters as a fragile element, inseparable from the individual and collective anthropic action, through what we summarize with the notion of environmental crisis. The environmental crisis allows to reopen areas of value and interest in the present, at the same time provoking a reinterpretation and a reorientation of past theories and practices. From today’s environmental crisis, it is possible to trace figures which, in the past, represented the relations of entities with their environment and, among them, of man with his living environment. Two are the main figures through which we intend to resume a relationship with our past read through the environmental crisis: 1) the figure of the “interface” as what demarcates a relationship of inherence and separation between an interior and an exterior, that remarks a relationship that is characterized by necessity but also by contingency; 2) the figure of the “exposure” relationship, through which we want to think about forms of vulnerable subjectivity, exposed to the relationships and to the chains in which subjects are inserted and which, in turn, they can expose to continuous modifications others subjects and the common living environment. Through the concepts of “interface” and “exposure” we have been able to follow the production of knowledge forms related to the inherence between interiority and the environment that have been produced in history and that have emerged through the provocation of a past induced by transformation that is today’s environmental crisis.
CIANCIULLO, Sara. "Il monismo di Anne Conway (1631 - 1679), Materia e Generazione in "I Principi della più Antica e Moderna Filosofia"." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/220448.
Full textPoccia, Daniele. "L’errore errante. La forma-filosofia tra pensiero delle tecniche e logica del vivente." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL044.
Full textError is a philosophical item that involves the statute of philosophical inquiry itself, a practice which aims to track down, as such as «science of the truth» (according to Aristotle), the possibility wherein error entirely consists. In parallel, that means to understand the relation between machine and organism, because the error can appear only in function of an anticipation of experience (or its retrospective observation), entailed materially, even before cognitively, by a biological or technical creative act. Georges Canguilhem and Raymond Ruyer have explicitly considered this problem, criticizing the positivistic idea about scientific derivation of technics as well as the irreducible distinction between living beings and artificial realities. Throughout the works of these two thinkers, the dissertation attempts to explain this fundamental relationship and to set up how error subverts every effort to fix a definitive ontology. Evaluating also others perspectives (like Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s view or the Jean Cavaillès and the unknow Louis Weber’s contributions), the argumentation leads to argue, furthermore, that, to clarify gnoseological and ontological problems, it is necessary to strictly follow the scientific discursivity and the pluralistic logics laid out by it. A pluralistic technics’ thought, based on autonomous gestures and on their unpredictable consequences, has to be reconnected to a logic of life which is the same order of the logic – the form – of philosophical discourse. Error should operate like an onto-poietic device and determine only a kind of genuine reality: research
Martini, Francesco <1971>. ""Tracciature Digitali": la conoscenza nell'era informazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4311/1/Martini_Francesco_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe specificity of the acquisition of content through digital interfaces condemns the epistemic agent to a fragmented interaction, with respect to the huge informational bulk today available through any standard implementation of the man-computer relationship, and invalidates the applicability of the standard model of knowledge as justified true belief, by repudiating the concept of rationally founded belief, to form which would instead require the agent to be able to have precisely the conceptual resources and computational time inaccessible. Thereby the agent, bound by the ontological limitations belong to cultural interfaces, is forced to fall back on ambiguous, arbitrary and often more casual than he takes into account, selection and management information process that produce real epistemological hybrids (by Latour) made of feelings, program outputs, unfounded beliefs, bits of indirect testimonies and of a series of human-digital relationships that give rise to escape in a transcendent dimension belonging to anthropological area of the sacred. Starting from this analysis the work deals with constructing a new epistemological paradigm of propositional knowledge obtained through a digital content acquisition, based on the new concept of Digital Tracings, defined as a process of digital capture of a set of tracks , ie meta-information of a testimonial kind. This device, once recognized as a communication process of digital contents, will be based on the research and selection of meta-information, ie tracks, which allow the implementation of approaches derived from analysis of decision-making under bounded rationality, which approaches, as well to be almost never used in this context, are ontologically prepared for dealing with uncertainty such as that came into the informational hybrid and that can provide the agent on the epistemic goodness of acquired content.
Martini, Francesco <1971>. ""Tracciature Digitali": la conoscenza nell'era informazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4311/.
Full textThe specificity of the acquisition of content through digital interfaces condemns the epistemic agent to a fragmented interaction, with respect to the huge informational bulk today available through any standard implementation of the man-computer relationship, and invalidates the applicability of the standard model of knowledge as justified true belief, by repudiating the concept of rationally founded belief, to form which would instead require the agent to be able to have precisely the conceptual resources and computational time inaccessible. Thereby the agent, bound by the ontological limitations belong to cultural interfaces, is forced to fall back on ambiguous, arbitrary and often more casual than he takes into account, selection and management information process that produce real epistemological hybrids (by Latour) made of feelings, program outputs, unfounded beliefs, bits of indirect testimonies and of a series of human-digital relationships that give rise to escape in a transcendent dimension belonging to anthropological area of the sacred. Starting from this analysis the work deals with constructing a new epistemological paradigm of propositional knowledge obtained through a digital content acquisition, based on the new concept of Digital Tracings, defined as a process of digital capture of a set of tracks , ie meta-information of a testimonial kind. This device, once recognized as a communication process of digital contents, will be based on the research and selection of meta-information, ie tracks, which allow the implementation of approaches derived from analysis of decision-making under bounded rationality, which approaches, as well to be almost never used in this context, are ontologically prepared for dealing with uncertainty such as that came into the informational hybrid and that can provide the agent on the epistemic goodness of acquired content.
MALARA, IVAN GIUSEPPE. "GALILEO: CREATION AND COSMOGONY. A STUDY ON THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN GALILEO'S SCIENCE OF MOTION AND THE CREATION THEME." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/851519.
Full textFLAMMIA, MICHELE. "Dialogo socratico e dissonanza cognitiva nell’insegnamento della filosofia: analisi di una strategia didattica per la promozione del pensiero critico negli istituti tecnici e professionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404417.
Full textThis research project analyzes a strategy for teaching philosophy in secondary school inspired by Socratic dialogue, which aims at the creation and effective management of cognitive dissonance as a tool for promoting critical thinking, called Socratic Challenge (SC). The research originates from workshops held in the years 2016/2019 in a technical and vocational institute in the province of Varese, in which I participated as the creator and conductor, involving the voluntary participation of about 150 students. The research questions are: What are the characteristics of the Socratic Challenge? Can it constitute a teaching methodology to be proposed? Under what conditions? Within what project framework? The empirical research is qualitative, naturalistic, and exploratory (Lumbelli, 1984), specifically a self-study (Hamilton & Pinnegar 2009), divided into two phases. In the first phase, data regarding motivation and perceptions of training impact were collected through in-depth interviews of students (16) and analyzed using the criteria of reflective thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2019). In the second phase, the workshops were repeated remotely in technical and vocational institutes in Milan and province, involving 113 students who were surveyed with a qualitative questionnaire. The workshops were recorded and the discussion interactions analyzed according to a qualitative inductive approach that refers to Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006). Results show how this dialogical instructional strategy in philosophy teaching can be considered an effective alternative to the historical-philosophical approach predominant in the Italian tradition (Illetterati 2007).
Bascelli, Tiziana. "I fondamenti della nuova scienza del moto: la cinematica di Galileo e la geometria di Torricelli." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427358.
Full textQuesto lavoro di ricerca intende dare una diversa lettura alla Nuova scienza del moto elaborata da Galileo Galilei nei Discorsi (1638) e da Evangelista Torricelli nell’Opera geometrica (1644). L'attenzione è rivolta al processo di matematizzazione che subisce il moto locale nel momento in cui nasce la meccanica moderna, per analizzarne le condizioni di realizzazione e le caratteristiche principali. Il moto locale, una questione dibattuta all’interno della filosofia naturale, diventa cinematica, cioè scienza. Si mostrerà che la strutturazione di un nuovo concetto di velocità è l’evento decisivo che porta l’accezione ingenua e intuitiva della tradizione, ad assumere l’accezione tecnico-operativa di grandezza continua. La natura della continuità è inscindibile dalla nozione di infinito e l’analisi di questo legame è la chiave di lettura proposta.
D'Alessandro, Antonietta. "S.M. Medaglia, P. Radici, L. Rossetti, S. Sconocchia (eds.): Dizionario delle Scienze e delle Tecniche di Grecia e Roma, Pisa/Roma: Fabrizio Serra, 2 v., 2010, 1346 pp." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113120.
Full textTroia, Alessandra <1995>. "L’uomo è come il cosmo. Lo sviluppo delle tecniche di coltivazione personale come mezzo per diventare xian dalla formazione dell’impero al terzo secolo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17367.
Full textMOLARO, AURELIO. "'Ja, Geistigkeit Ist (Hier) Alles!': Dialettica dell'umano ed epistemologia tra Sigmund Freud e Ludwig Binswanger." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/239839.
Full textMARCO, M. S. DI. "TOWARDS AN EPISTEMOLOGY OF MEDICAL IMAGING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/274203.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of an epistemology of medical imaging. My central thesis is that medical imaging does not merely produce more or less accurate pictures of the inner organs, it rather transforms the living body into a scientific object by changing its very visibility. The imaging apparatus turns the body into a visual object that can be observed under experimental conditions: unlike the real body, it can be filed, retrieved, shared, measured and manipulated in several ways. This main thesis is accompanied by two others: first, diagnostic images, as all scientific images, are actual cognitive instruments, epistemic objects inscribed within theoretical contexts and experimental practices. Second, an image of the inner body has diagnostic meaning and value only in the scope of a specific conceptualization of the body and its ailments. Accordingly, if we are to develop an epistemology of medical imaging, we cannot limit our analysis to diagnostic images qua images, we also have to understand them qua diagnostic instruments. This is why at in the first chapter of the dissertation I take into examination the historical and conceptual conditions of possibility of radiography -- the first medical imaging technology, invented in 1895. My aim is to understand what medical theories and practices had to be at work in the nineteenth century, for those shadow-images produced by the X-ray apparatus to be perceived and employed as diagnostic devices. I argue that the diagnostic relevance of radiography is rooted in the conceptualization of body, disease and diagnosis put forward by clinical anatomy already at the end of the eighteenth century. I also defend the idea that the stethoscope, developed in 1816, was the material and intellectual predecessor of medical imaging, because it introduced a primitive form of mediated perception in medical diagnosis, and allowed the clinician to explore from the outside the inner body of the living patient, extracting signs of illness. The stethoscope was only the first of a vast array of instruments invented in the nineteenth century to visualize different aspects of the inner morphology and physiology of the living body. Each of these instruments fulfilled specific diagnostic aims and posed distinct epistemological problems, but all of them shared some commonalities: they were meant to replace the subjective sensations of patients and doctors with objective indices of health and disease; they created visual records of the inner body that could be filed, retrieved and shared among physicians; they required the development of a specialized language agreed upon by a community of experts; they created a progressive physical separation between the body of the patient and the body of the physician. It was in this complex scenario of medical practices, objects, images and ideas that radiography appeared and progressively acquired its diagnostic function. In the second chapter I take into account the early developments of medical photography in order to understand how the first technology for the production of mechanical images entered and influenced the domain of medicine. The main theoretical references in this chapter are Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics, in particular, his classification of signs in indices, icons and symbols, and Walter Benjamin's reflections on the photographic series (mechanical production and reproduction of an image and of the body it represents), on the intrinsic analytic and dissecting potential of photography (the photographer as a surgeon), and on the optical unconscious (photography as a prosthesis that enriches and transforms our sensorial experience). Drawing on these authors, and analyzing the works of early physicians-photographers in psychiatry, dermatology, neurology and physiology, I show that the photographic series collected in medical journals, manuals and hospital archives, produced a clinical gaze in the Foucauldian sense. I also argue that the photographic series was part of a larger experimental apparatus, which encompassed the patient, the camera and the observer, and whose aim was to turn the body and disease into a visual object available for scientific analysis. In the third chapter I discuss the problem of the invisible referent, that is, I analyze the processes whereby photographs that reveal invisible phenomena are endowed with meaning. This is likely to be the fundamental problem of all scientific imaging. When the referent of a picture is invisible, the iconic mode of signification fails, because in this case the image produced by the mechanical or electronic apparatus does not look like anything we already know, it resembles nothing. So, how do we know that the object we see in the photograph -- e.g., a cell or a tubercular lesion -- is really there and does really look like that? Drawing on the theoretical analysis developed in the previous chapter, I maintain that the visualization of the invisible entails a peculiar combination of the indexical, iconic and symbolic modes of signification. My reasoning opposes Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's idea of mechanical objectivity, and demonstrates that their notion of mechanical objectivity as the moralizing suppression of subjectivity is a caricature of the actual ideas and practices developed by the scientists of the nineteenth century to deal with the problem of visualizing the invisible. The argument is articulated in three moments, corresponding to the analysis of the problem of objectivity and image signification in microphotography, chronophotography, and radiography. In the fourth chapter I argue that images are cognitive tools and that representation and observation are never an act of automated repetition, they always entail a creative component. As in the previous chapter, part of my discourse is built in contrast with Daston and Galison, challenging their claims concerning the passive nature of representation. For these authors, until the development of digital technologies for image manipulation, scientific images were mere re-presentations of the world, focused on copying nature. Computer images, on the contrary, are presentations, because the observer can virtually manipulate them so that they show the object in ever changing ways. I criticize this classification of scientific images with historical and theoretical arguments. From the historical point of view, I show that at least since the sixteenth century there have been attempts to create images that can be actually manipulated by the observer. From the theoretical perspective, I draw on a variety of literature spanning from art theory to neuroscience, to demonstrate that the very notion of a passive representation is unsustainable, because images always engage the observer in an embodied act of perception, which elicits not only visual, but also tactile sensations and motor reactions. Moreover, I argue that Daston and Galison's emphasis on nanoimaging as the only technology that allows manipulating the object of study during the process of image production is misleading. In fact, even when they do not reach the peaks of technological sophistication that characterizes nanoimages, scientific images are the result of some manipulation of the natural object they represent. A scientific image cannot be a passive copy of nature, because it is part of an experimental praxis, whose goal is to understand natural phenomena, not just to reproduce them. To corroborate this idea I explore actual scientific practices of image signification, taking into account written documents (semiotic analysis of a radiology article) and material practices (laboratory ethnography describing the interpretation of electrophoresis images in a molecular biology laboratory, and description of an example of signification of electron microscopy pictures). From this analysis three remarks can be put forward: (1) the process of signification of scientific images has a distributed character, because it can involve different persons, objects and activities; (2) scientific images can be considered experimental tools, in the sense that scientists and physicians handle them in several forms in order to explore different aspects of their object of study; (3) scientific images are to be understood as controlled, artificial phenomena produced with the aim of redefining the visibility of natural objects. In order to clarify this latter idea, in the final chapter I introduce Gaston Bachelard's concept of phenomenotechnique. Although the idea of phenomenotechnique cannot be directly applied to medical imaging, there are two characterizing elements of this concept that provide important insights for conceptualizing medical imaging. The first is the idea that in order to study a natural phenomenon, scientists must previously transform it into a scientific object. The second, closely related to the former, is that scientific experience is by necessity mediated, and such mediation has both an intellectual and material character. This means that the development of instruments and new technologies is not a second-order product of science, it is part and parcel of the scientific process. Technology is embedded into science, because our scientific grasping of the world is necessarily mediated by instruments; scientific instruments, in turn, are materializations of a vast body of scientific knowledge and practices (in the case of digital imaging this knowledge has an eminently mathematical character). Thus, science and technology are reciprocally constituted. On these grounds I propose a description of medical imaging in terms of phenomenotechnique, using this concept as a key-word around which to reorganize the ideas previously discussed. Firstly, I resort to the concept of phenomenotechnique to gain insights into how diagnostic images mediate the physician's sensory and intellectual experience. Second, I give an account of diagnostic images as artificial phenomena (visual reconfigurations of non-visual signals) that work as simulations of the patient's body, and that reify different domains of knowledge (from medicine to physics and engineering). Finally, I argue that the proper and efficient signification of a diagnostic image requires a phenomenotechnique of the observer. To recognize the signs of disease in an image of the inner body, one has to master the explicit and implicit rules necessary to make sense of the novel sensory domain produced by the technological apparatus. This implies abandoning spontaneous modes of perception and signification to engage in a process of educated perception. The expert viewer goes through a formal and informal training that deeply transforms natural vision, by placing the act of watching within a wide epistemic network that encompasses both theoretical and practical knowledge.
Brancato, M. "ERHARD WEIGEL AND HIS INFLUENCE ON LEIBNIZ'S PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/399437.
Full textMolaro, A. "'JA, GEISTIGKEIT IST (HIER) ALLES!': DIALETTICA DELL'UMANO ED EPISTEMOLOGIA TRA SIGMUND FREUD E LUDWIG BINSWANGER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/360243.
Full textCanesso, Annagiulia. "« En dehors de la vérité »: storia, vita e concetto in Georges Canguilhem." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422829.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the study of the specific articulation, both historical and conceptual, that the interactions between knowledge and life assume in Georges Canguilhem's philosophy. As a matter of fact, his entire work is oriented by the attempt to establish a knowledge of the living being which doesn't betray its vital object/subject. In particular, I address this question (like Canguilhem himself) starting from the constitutive role played by errors, aberrations, and failures, both in life and in knowledge. In this perspective, starting from the examination of both Canguilhem's published works (including the recently published Œuvres complètes) and the unpublished archive material, I outline a path divided into four main sections. First of all, I present an initial problematization (Chapter I) of the notion (which is not self-evident) of "history", used by Canguilhem to approach the medical and biological knowledge of the living being. Then, I analyse (Chapter II) Canguilhem's first articulation of the interaction between knowledge and life, addressing the connections between technique and vital normativity, mainly to the detriment of scientific knowledge. Afterwards, I focus (Chapter III) on Canguilhem's philosophical elaboration of the discoveries of genetics and molecular biology during the 1960s. I argue that this entails a re-connection between scientific knowledge and life, in favour of a conception of scientific knowledge as a vital activity of conceptualisation. In this perspective, I analyse (Chapter IV) Canguilhem's concept of "concept", which is mainly identified with its ability to perpetuate a problem by transcending the specific epistemic configurations that structure its different theoretical solutions. Then, I examine this peculiar functioning within the analysis of the concept of life. In the conclusions, finally, I show how this path leads to a characterization of Canguilhem's philosophy as a practice of thought operating from "outside" the truth of science. Thanks to its peculiar position, this practice of thought can question this same truth, in order to work it differently.
CHIARULLI, RAFFAELE ROSARIO. "Strutture drammaturgiche e tecniche di scrittura del cinema americano classico : casi di intertestualità tra teatro e cinema." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1533.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an analysis of the relationships between the "theatrical sign" and the "cinematographic sign" from the perspective of screenwriters and of Classic Hollywood screenwriting. It introduces issues related to screenwriting as practical activity, form of art, subject of discussion, system of communication, and as the result of a negotiation of aims, values and meanings.
CHIARULLI, RAFFAELE ROSARIO. "Strutture drammaturgiche e tecniche di scrittura del cinema americano classico : casi di intertestualità tra teatro e cinema." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1533.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an analysis of the relationships between the "theatrical sign" and the "cinematographic sign" from the perspective of screenwriters and of Classic Hollywood screenwriting. It introduces issues related to screenwriting as practical activity, form of art, subject of discussion, system of communication, and as the result of a negotiation of aims, values and meanings.
Rivelli, Luca. "Modularity, Antimodularity and Explanation in Complex Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424214.
Full textQuesto lavoro riguarda principalmente il concetto di modularità gerarchica e il suo impiego nello spiegare la struttura e il comportamento dinamico di sistemi complessi mediante modelli modulari gerarchici, nonché un concetto di mia proposta, l'antimodularità, legato alla possibilità di rilevamento algoritmico di modularità gerarchica. Nello specifico, evidenzio la portata pragmatica della modularità gerarchica sulla possibilità di spiegazione scientifica dei sistemi complessi, cioè sistemi che, secondo una descrizione di base scelta dall'osservatore, possono essere considerati come composti da parti elementari discrete interrelate. Sottolineo che la modularità gerarchica è essenziale anche nel corso della sperimentazione volta a scoprire la struttura di tali sistemi. Il rilevamento algoritmico della modularità gerarchica si rivela essere un compito affetto dalla dimostrata intrattabilità computazionale della ricerca della migliore descrizione modulare gerarchica, e affetto dal comunque elevato costo computazionale anche dei metodi di rilevamento approssimati. L'antimodularità consiste nella mancanza di una descrizione modulare adatta alle esigenze dell'osservatore, dovuta o all'assenza di modularità nella descrizione di base del sistema scelta dall'osservatore, o all'impossibilità di produrre algoritmicamente una descrizione gerarchica valida, per le dimensioni eccessive del sistema da valutare in rapporto al costo computazionale dei metodi algoritmici. Sottolineo che modularità e antimodularità dipendono dalla scelta pragmatica di una certa descrizione di base del sistema, scelta fatta dall'osservatore sulla base di obiettivi esplicativi. Mostro poi come l'antimodularità ostacoli la possibilità di applicare almeno tre tipi noti di spiegazione: meccanicistica, deduttivo-nomologica e computazionale. Un quarto tipo di spiegazione, la spiegazione topologica, rimane sostanzialmente immune dalle conseguenze dell'antimodulairità. Valuto quindi la presenza di modularità nei sistemi biologici, e le possibili conseguenze, nonché l'eventualità di incorrere nell'antimodularità in biologia e nelle neuroscienze, concludendo che questa eventualità è abbastanza probabile, almeno in biologia dei sistemi. Infine, mi permetto qualche speculazione metafisica e storica. Dal punto di vista metafisico, l'antimodularità sembra suggerire una posizione possibile, secondo cui i generi naturali sono moduli che sono stati rilevati, e in quanto tali, a causa dell'intrattabilità computazionale del rilevamento della migliore descrizione modulare gerarchica, è improbabile che essi siano il miglior modo possibile per descrivere il mondo, perché la modularità dei generi naturali molto probabilmente non rispecchia la migliore modularità possibile del mondo. Da un punto di vista storico, il crescente utilizzo di metodi computazionali per il rilevamento della modularità o per la simulazione di sistemi complessi, in particolare in alcuni settori della ricerca scientifica, suggerisce la possibilità di immaginare una molteplicità di discipline scientifiche emergenti, guidate dalla produzione di spiegazioni potenzialmente inintelligibili dal punto di vista cognitivo umano, produzione che potrebbe iniziare ad autoalimentarsi, portando potenzialmente ad una crescita inarrestabile. Suggerisco che questo scenario costituirebbe un cambiamento epocale nel campo della scienza, che, se non è già avvenuto, potrebbe benissimo essere sul punto di realizzarsi.
PIAZZESI, Benedetta. "Domesticare gli istinti. Una genealogia del discorso etologico." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/89422.
Full textQuesta ricerca propone un'indagine genealogica su un modello di governo animale che abbiamo definito “etologico”. Esso si delinea tra la seconda metà del XVIII secolo e la prima metà del XIX secolo, e si pone in una discontinuità tangibile rispetto ai modelli precedenti di sfruttamento delle risorse animali e a quelli successivi di stampo zootecnico e industriale. La nostra tesi è che l'apparizione, nel 1854, di una scienza cui è assegnato il nome di “etologia” sancisca la mobilitazione di un interesse per le moeurs e gli istinti animali che è di tipo governamentale prima ancora che scientifico. A questo scopo abbiamo sondato una serie di campi discorsivi differenziati, in particolare veterinario, naturalistico e zoofilo, per mostrare come la ridefinizione del problema del governo animale, in termini di soin, adoucissement des moeurs (degli uomini e degli animali) e domestication, abbia suscitato un interesse positivo per i comportamenti animali come bersaglio di un potere che si fa al tempo stesso più duraturo e più dolce, più pervasivo e meno brutale. È da questo campo di trasformazione e valorizzazione degli istinti, che prende le mosse la positività di un sapere dei comportamenti animali radicalmente differente rispetto al dibattito classico sull'âme des bêtes. Questa indagine rappresenta dunque l'occasione non solo per una storia epistemologica dell'etologia nel XIX secolo (che resta peraltro un campo di saperi ancora poco studiato dagli storici delle scienze), ma anche e soprattutto per una storia politica delle forme di governo animale. Al di là della querelle sulla politicità de jure della questione animale, proponiamo infatti la considerazione di una politicizzazione de facto dei discorsi e delle pratiche che concernono lo sfruttamento animale, che coincide con quella svolta nelle logiche di potere che Michel Foucault ha definito biopolitica. Seguiremo dunque le tappe dell'effettivo investimento epistemologico e politico sulle tecnologie di allevamento animale, così come il modo in cui tale attenzione nei confronti del corpo animale, delle sue capacità produttive e riproduttive, e infine delle sue prestazioni comportamentali, abbia a sua volta trasformato le logiche di potere sull'uomo “in quanto vivente”. Una genealogia delle forme di razionalità nel governo animale si configura in questo senso come un passaggio obbligato per una più profonda comprensione della modernità politica nel suo rapporto con la natura, dentro e fuori l'umano.
Cette recherche propose une investigation généalogique d'un modèle de gouvernement animal que nous avons défini d'« éthologique ». Son cadre temporel s'étend de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle à la première moitié du XIXe siècle et il s'inscrit dans une discontinuité tangible par rapport aux modèles d'exploitation des ressources animales précédents ainsi que par rapport aux modèles zootechniques et industriels successifs. Notre thèse est que l'apparition, en 1854, d'une science à laquelle est attribué le nom d'« éthologie » indique un intérêt pour les moeurs et les instincts animaux ayant été gouvernemental avant même d'être scientifique. À cette fin, nous avons considéré un ensemble de domaines discursifs différents, notamment vétérinaire, naturaliste et zoophile, pour montrer comment la redéfinition du problème du gouvernement animal, en termes de soins, d'adoucissement des moeurs (des hommes et des animaux) et de domestication, a suscité un intérêt positif pour le comportement animal comme cible d'un pouvoir à la fois plus durable et plus doux, plus envahissant et moins brutal. C'est de ce champ de transformation et de valorisation des instincts que procède la positivité d'un savoir des comportements animaux radicalement différente par rapport au débat classique sur l'âme des bêtes. Cette enquête représente donc une opportunité non seulement pour une histoire épistémologique de l'éthologie au XIXe siècle (qui demeure un champ d'étude encore peu exploré par les historiens des sciences), mais aussi et surtout pour une histoire politique du gouvernement animal. Au-delà de la querelle sur la politicité de jure de la question animale, nous proposons d'envisager une politisation de facto des discours et des pratiques concernant l'exploitation des animaux, qui coïncide avec ce tournant dans les logiques du pouvoir que Michel Foucault a appelé biopolitique. Nous suivrons donc les étapes de l'investissement épistémologique et politique effectif sur le technologies d'élevage. Nous examinerons également de quelle manière cette attention portée au corps animal, à ses capacités de production et de reproduction, et enfin à ses performances comportementales, a transformé à son tour les logiques du pouvoir sur l'homme « en tant qu'être vivant ». Une généalogie des formes de rationalité du gouvernement animal est en ce sens une étape obligée vers une compréhension plus profonde de la modernité politique dans sa relation avec la nature, chez et au-delà de l'être humain.
Picchi, Taila. "Tecnicità tra politiche della vita e politiche della memoria. Un percorso nella philosophie de la technique di Simondon e la teoria critica della tecnologia di Marcuse." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1221137.
Full textPILOTTO, STEFANO. "Normatività della vita e normatività della tecnica. Evoluzione e invenzione tra Canguilhem e Leroi-Gourhan." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1314363.
Full textDE, CAROLI ELEONORA. "Eugenio Rignano e la psicologia filosofica. Indagini per una visione sintetica dei fenomeni vitali." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1559297.
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