Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Films minces à haute densité'
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Wollesen, Laura. "Nouveaux films minces scintillants ultra-denses et solutions alternatives pixélisées pour l'imagerie synchrotron par rayon X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60k28pm.
Full textThe development of scintillators with high stopping power for high spatial resolution X-ray imaging at synchrotrons has been performed by employing two approaches. The first approach was to grow thin Single Crystalline Films (SCFs) of high density and effective Z number by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE). This is to reach ultimate high spatial resolution while maximizing the absorption efficiency of the films. Before attempting to develop the LPE procedures, the compounds were investigated with a Geant4, Monte Carlo simulation tool combined with subsequent analytical calculations to evaluate their scintillating spatial response. Ultimate high-density compound, Lu2Hf2O7, and other hafnates have in this framework been successfully grown on ZrO2:Y substrates. The atomic structures of the films were confirmed to be iso-structural with the substrate and have a low lattice mismatch. It was experienced that various elements could enter the structure, and a surprising flexibility of the hafnate system for LPE growth is thereby realized. The grown films of Lu2Hf2O7 doped with Europium are discovered to scintillate. However, the substrate itself displays low-intensity emission. The films have a rather low light output but deliver a good spatial response validated by MTFs as well as when performing radiography and tomography. The second approach was to grow state-of-the-art SCF scintillators in a micro-structured manner by LPE. The aim is to increase the stopping power by having tall pillars containing light and maintaining a good spatial response. LSO:Tb and GGG:Eu, were grown micro-structured onto laser-treated LYSO:Ce and GGG substrates, respectively. The morphology of the pillars varies depending on the compound and the substrate orientation. The atomic structures and luminescent properties are comparable to their normal SCF counterparts. Thereby a proof of concept has been demonstrated
Nguyen, Van-Son. "Films minces et dispositifs à base de LixCoO₂ pour application potentielle aux mémoires résistives non volatiles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS344/document.
Full textFlash memory is now extensively used as non-volatile memory for digital data storage in most mobile electronic devices (laptop, mobile phone, tablet...). To overcome its current limits (e.g. low information density, low endurance and slow speed), many researches recently developed around the concept of resistive memories based on the switching between different resistance levels by applying appropriate bias voltages.Memories whose resistance variations depend on electrochemical reactions (ReRAM) are potentially good candidates towards next-generation non-volatile memories. The underlying redox mechanisms observed are however often of the filamentary type, involving in particular migration of cations of metal elements (coming from the electrodes), or oxygen vacancies. This filamentary character makes it challenging to attain extreme downscaling towards the nanometric scale.In this thesis, a particular class of materials - used in the field of energy storage - is studied. The aim is to investigate the origin of the resistance switching processes observed in LixCoO2 films. We first characterize the structural and electrical properties of such films, as well as the electrical behaviors of the devices elaborated therefrom. We then investigate the electrochemical mechanisms which are at the origin of resistive switching, in the micrometric electrode/film/electrode configuration. We try to determine the validity of a formerly proposed mechanism which was however not yet demonstrated. Furthermore, we study the experimental switching kinetics of devices, and propose a numerical model to explain the results observed. Finally, we examine the potential applicability of LixCoO2-based devices to Re-RAM memories through the study of their performances in terms of endurance (i.e. maximum number of write/erase cycles) and retention. Specifically, the influence of several parameters (such as voltage pulses, chemical nature of the electrodes, temperature etc.) on these performances is investigated
Harrabi, Khalil. "Discrimination des différents modes dissipatifs dans les supraconducteurs Haute Tc et Métalliques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066206.
Full textTetsi, Emmanuel. "Développement de films minces à base de nanoparticules diélectriques et optimisatisation des conditions de dépôt pour fabriquer des condensateurs de découplage utilisés dans des assemblages à haute densité de modules électroniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0113/document.
Full textWithin the three-dimensional (3D) integration associated with the use of an increasing amount of integrated circuits (ICs), there is strong need of high capacitance density (≥ 1 μF.cm-2) decoupling capacitors, able to operate on large frequency bandwidth, in order to reduce the noise that can compromise the signal integrity in ICs. The main challenge of these capacitors relies on the deposition of thin films (≤ 100 nm) using innovative materials with high relative permittivity (ε_r > 200 à 1 GHz) and «low cost» technologies compatible with large scale integration.On one hand, the proposed approach in this thesis benefits from the possibility of synthetizing – by the supercritical fluid technology – and using Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) nanoparticles (Ø = 16 ± 2 nm, ε_r = 260 at1 kHz) as dielectric material and on the other hand, from the use of spray coating as technique for the deposition of these materials as thin films. First of all, the BST nanoparticles synthesized are functionalized with specific ligands (3-aminopropylphosphonic acid, APA), in order to obtain colloidal suspensions composed by aggregates with size (Ø < 100 nm) showing few fluctuations during two months. The other function of ligands is to improve the adhesion of the deposited films (self-assembling) on the copper (Cu) substrate. Different solvent are studied for the preparation of the solutions : N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), water, methanol and ethanol. The variation of different parameters related to the solution and the deposition technique helped us to define the optimal conditions leading to different thickness of film (200 – 1000 nm) based on pristine (BST) and functionalized nanoparticles (BST-APA). Using ethanol instead of NMP as solvent, enabled us to prevent de formation of a copper oxide layer and organic residues. After deposition of aluminum pads (Al) on BST or BST-APA films and used as top electrode, the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of capacitors with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure enabled us to achieve high capacitance density (~ 0.7 μF.cm-2) and low leakage current (~ 25 μA.cm-2) at 1 V.Keywords: MIM capacitors, thin films, supercritical fluids, Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3, spray coating, nanofabrication in cleanroom
Delmotte, Franck. "Dépôts de films minces SiNx assistés par plasma de haute densité. Etudes corrélées de la phase gazeuse, de l'interface SiNx/InP et de la passivation du transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction InP." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430327.
Full textBrugère, Antoine. "Cinétique de formation et stabilité des domaines ferroélectriques créés par un Microscope à Force Atomique : étude de films minces monocristallins de LiTaO3 en vue d'applications mémoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576556.
Full textDelmotte, Franck. "Depots de films minces sin#x assistes par plasma de haute densite. Etudes correlees de la phase gazeuse, de l'interface sin#x/inp et de la passivation du transistor bipolaire a heterojonction inp." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112171.
Full textClosa, Fabien. "Instabilités dans les films minces de polymères : Densité de contre-ions autour d'un globule poreux chargé." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726343.
Full textMimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Full textMimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10235.
Full textOur needs for data storage are explosives. Generated by multimedia content of increasing size, they lead to a frantic enhancement of optical discs performances. However, the physical limits are quickly reached. Among them, the diffraction of light waves has restricted the recording capacity of the CD, the DVD and still limits the "Blu-ray” (BD) disc capacity. This thesis proposes to overcome this barrier by a thorough study of near-field optical pickup. The current near-field optical head using solid immersion lens, completely passive towards evanescent waves, will be optimized to provide a storage capacity 40% higher. But market demand for optical disk requires going further. The theory of the negative index materials, highly controversial, is sufficiently relevant to guide the rest of the work. A negative index material is a utopian solution to break the resolution limit, and its properties will inspire a photonic super-lens. In this lens designed for the near-field, surface plasmons which are excited at the interfaces between silver and glass, are converted into propagative waves through a sub-wavelength diffractive structure. These waves carry information to the detector through the whole optical head. The transmission of this component is demonstrated in an experimental setup in which we recover a signal carried by a 488nm-wavelength laser beam, but relative to 60nm sized object
Bousquet, Isabelle. "PACVD haute densité d'organo siliciés pour la réalisation de couches minces siCN : h antireflet et de passivation de Cellules PVSilicium cristallin." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1247.
Full textMehri, Fariba. "Étude d'une méthode de mesure de la conductivité complexe en microondes de films minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10118.
Full textPichon, Joseph. "Enregistrement optique haute densité : étude physique et physico-chimique du phénomène de Super-Résolution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363302.
Full textPichon, Joseph. "Enregistrement optique haute densité : étude physique et physico-chimique du phénomène de Super-Résolution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0139.
Full textThis work has been realized in the field of high density optical data storage. More precisely, this thesis deals with a technology that makes possible a substantial increase in the capacity of optical disks, owing to Super-Resolution techniques. These disks, comprised of marks theoretically too small to be detected, can nevertheless be read out if the optical properties of the disk vary locally under the influence of a high-power laser beam. In this thesis, we have demonstrated this phenomenon by inserting an active thin-films stack into the disks. In particular, we have shown that use of a thin InSb film creates an increase in the areal data density of Blu-Ray disks by a factor of two, consequently enlarging the disks' capacity to 46 GB. We have also shown, by way of optical static characterization of the active stacks, that the reflectance of InSb increases in a reversible and reproductible way under high-fluence laser excitation. Additionally,we have evaluated the importance of thermal effects in the physical mechanisms associatedwith the nonlinear phenomenon. Lastly, we have built a thermooptical simulation of the transient evolution of the thin films stack reflectance, based on the evolution of InSb optical properties with temperature
Langlois, Pierre. "Realisation et caracterisation de capteurs optiques a partir de films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2032.
Full textZheng, Zhuanghao. "Couches minces et dispositifs à haute performance à base de skuttérudite CoSb₃." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S047/document.
Full textThis work was focused on the preparation of low-cost and high performance CoSb₃ thin films by magnetron sputtering deposition, and on the preparation of efficient flexible thin film devices based on CoSb₃ thin films for thermoelectric application. Firstly, two methods, co-sputtering and single target sputtering, for preparing CoSb₃ thin films by using magnetron sputtering deposition were studied and the heat-treatment process was optimized for the improvement of the micro-structure and thermoelectric properties of the films. Thin films prepared by co-sputtering method or using a single alloy target deposition method have a maximum power factor value of 1.47 × 10-4 Wm-1K-2 and 0.98 × 10-4 Wm-1K-2 respectively. Secondly, Ag and Ti were used for doping the CoSb₃ thin films via magnetron sputtering deposition. The microstructure, morphology, composition, and thermoelectric properties of the single doped CoSb₃ films are found to strongly dependent on the doping content. The results demonstrate a simultaneous improvement of the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity through Ag doping, indicating that Ag is an efficient dopant for CoSb₃ thin film. Maximal power factor value of 2.97×10-4 Wm-1K-2 has been obtained after Ag doping, which is several times of the value for the un-doped sample. Similar results have been obtained from the single Ti doped CoSb₃ thin films. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity of the film has also been dramatically reduced by carefully controlling the nano-structure and Ti doping content, resulting in an enhanced ZT value from 0.15 to 0.90. Thirdly, detailed studies on magnetron sputtering deposition Ag/(Sn, Ti or In) co-doped CoSb3 thin films have been performed. The influence of the co-doped element type and content on the properties of CoSb₃ thin films has been demonstrated. The Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity of all the co-doped thin films have been simultaneously increased comparing to the un-doped thin film, leading to distinctly enhanced power factor. A maximum power factor value of about 0.32 mWm-1K-2 can be obtained from Ag/Sn co-doped thin film, and similar results have been obtained also from Ag/Ti and Ag/In co-doped films. Additionally, lower thermal conductivity has been obtained from the co-doped thin films, especially with the Ag/In co-doping, leading to much higher room temperature ZT value for the co-doped films, compared to the un-doped or Ag-doped thin films. Lastly, CoSb₃ based nano thin film device has been fabricated and a multilayer structure of the electrodes was used in order to improve the thermal stability of the device in air. A relatively high output voltage of above 90 mV and a high power density of 0.46 mWcm-2 can be obtained with this device. Moreover, this device has also been tested as thermal sensor and it exhibits a fast responsivity, with a reaction time of a few hundreds of millisecond, as well as a high stability. It has also been demonstrated the possibility of obtaining relatively high output voltage of about 7 V at a current intensity of about 0.35 mA by connecting several thin film thermoelectric devices. These results are highly encouraging for achieving practical applications such as power supply for portable electronic devices and sensor
Botha, Roelene. "Dépôt de couches minces par plasma haute densité à basse pression : influence de l'injection de silane sur la cinétique du dépôt et les propriétés de la silice." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0019.
Full textValerianova, Michaela. "Elaboration et propriétés de films minces à base de mercure supraconducteurs de très haute température critique et leurs applications possibles à la cryoélectronic." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10140.
Full textThe Hg-based superconductors are materials with the highest critical temperatures from all known superconductors. Their application as the devices for the everyday use is, however, limited due to the difficulties in their fabrication. The optimization of the preparation methods will open large possibilities for the cryoelectronic applications. Within the frame of my dissertation thesis we tried to optimize the parameters of the synthesis of the thin Hg-based films. The development of the non-contact method for the mercuration of the thin films confirmed the film formation via Hg vapour phase which will enable the development of the devices for the mercuration of the larger samples (few cm). The lift-off method used for the patterning of the precursor films prevents the water contamination of the films and thus their degradation. The non-contact mercuration also enabled the fabrication of the Hg-based superconducting structures with the minimal risk of the short-circuits between the single parts of the structure. The formation of the Hg-1223 decreased the amount of the impurities on the top of the films which will enable the fabrication of the sandwich planar Josephson junctions, too. The prepared coplanar structures are suitable for the use in the ultra-fast detectors. The structures containing microbridges can serve for the study of the superconductivity in the micro- and submicro- scale and for the fabrication of the Josephson junctions of such dimensions. The model structure of the superconducting fault-current limiter was the first step for the fabrication of the real limiter structure and will be used for the study of the superconducting properties on this type of the structure. The use of the sapphire substrate allows the application of the Hg-based superconducting structures also for the microwave devices. All the structures had high values of the critical temperatures (up to 110 K for the coplanar strips and microbridges, up to 120 K for the limiter model structures) which provide the stability of the superconducting properties and parameters (coherent length, energy gap, etc. ) at the working temperature of the superconductor (77 K)
Gachon, Dorian. "Nouveaux résonateurs haute-fréquence à Ondes de Volume dans les films minces piézoélectriques pour les Applications sources Embarquées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578568.
Full textJacquemin, Manoël. "Structure et propriétés supraconductrices de films de nitrure de niobium épitaxiés par CVD à haute température." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI054/document.
Full textThe studies concern the development of superconducting devices for single photon detection. Niobium nitride (NbN) is a material suitable for the production of superconducting wires for the detector target. This work is opening up perspectives on the development of epitaxial niobium nitride films on sapphire by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The production of thin films (5-100 nm) is carried out at high temperature (1000°C to 1300°C) from niobium chloride and ammonia diluted in hydrogen (H2-NH3-NbCl5). The substrate is oriented single crystalline sapphire (Al2O3) (0002), aluminum nitride (AlN) (0002) or magnesium oxide (MgO) (100).The study of epitaxial relationships during the growth of niobium nitride on the sapphire substrate was first performed. Observation of the microstructures and crystalline orientations of the various films processed made it possible to highlight the relationships between the surface state of the substrate and the growth mode of NbN. The potential for using single crystal substrates such as MgO and AlN is discussed in the conclusion.The study of the growth process and the relationships between the working conditions and the "quality" of thin films made it possible to identify the experimental windows leading to epitaxial growth. The activation energy of the growth reactions and the supersaturation conditions favorable to epitaxial growth were calculated.The study of the interactions between the structural properties and superconducting properties of films has allowed the superconducting transition temperature to be linked to the density of atomic defects, microstructural defects, the thickness of the films and their stress state. There is a linear relationship between the interplanar space of planes parallel to the substrate and the superconducting transition temperature.Finally, the durability of ultra-thin films (5 - 8 nm) of niobium nitride was studied. The electrical and superconducting properties of films processed at 1000°C and 1200°C on sapphire substrates and epitaxial layers of AlN were analyzed over a period of six months. The properties of films change most notably during the first month. High temperature deposition limits the rapid degradation of the films and preserves their superconducting properties
Chen, Xue Song. "Oxydation anodique du zirconium : caractérisation des couches formées et influence sur l'oxydation à haute température." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD865.
Full textDégardin, Annick. "Films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique : elaboration et caracterisation pour le developpement de structures passives en micro-ondes." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066111.
Full textMeziani, Tarik. "Développement d'une source plasma haute-densité à couplage inductif améliorée par adjonction d'un noyau magnétique : application au dépôt de couches minces de carbone adamantin." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2056.
Full textDepond, Jean-Michel. "Films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique : modelisations electriques et thermiques appliquees a l'elaboration et a la conception de bolometres." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066351.
Full textDJOTNI, Karim. "Étude et réalisation d'une matrice de détecteurs bolométriques de très haute résolution. Intérêt d'une conception en couches minces." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002735.
Full textGuilloux-Viry, Maryline. "Croissance epitaxiale et caracterisations de films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique deposes in-situ par pulverisation cathodique ou ablation laser." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10018.
Full textLe, Paven-Thivet Claire. "Elaboration et caracterisation de films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique yba2cu3o7 en relation avec les criteres d'application du domaine hyperfrequence." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10143.
Full textBotha, Roelene. "Dépôt de couches minces par plasma haute densité à basse press influence de l'injection de silane sur la cinétique du dépôt et le propriétés de la silice." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004404.
Full textLachkar, Mohammed. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films minces d'oxydes de terres rares par dépôt en phase gazeuse à partir de précurseurs organométalliques. Application à l'anticorrosion des aciers a haute température." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS013.
Full textLeroy, Marie-Alix. "Films minces épitaxiés de chrome pour l'électronique de spin : propriétés de volume et d'interface." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873173.
Full textAulagner, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés diélectriques de films minces de polyfluorure de vinylidène et de polypropylène chargés d'une céramique à haute permittivité relative." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4002.
Full textLam, Chok Sing Marc. "Realisation et caracterisation de squids continus a microponts sur films minces de niobium et dans des constrictions de ceramiquesupraconductrice a haute temperature critique." Caen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CAEN2002.
Full textDe, Luca Anthony. "Films minces du supraconducteur à haute température critique YBaCuO : technologies de mise en forme et caractérisations électriques en vue d'applications aux composants électroniques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066527.
Full textBouhani, Hamza. "Couches minces à base d’oxyde multiferroïque appliquées à la réfrigération magnétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0131.
Full textEnergy is essential for humans in everyday life and critical to economic growth and developement progress in industrial sectors. The global energy sources are mostly from fossil resources (e.g oil, coals, gas) being dominant source of local air pollution and emitter of the most dangerous green house gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), largely responsible for the ozone layer depletion. In the context of the current shortage of those ressources due to the continuously increase in demands in energy and while fossil reserves will eventually run out, the discovery and development of a low-carbon technologies become critical with the need to decarbonise and reduce our dependency to fossil fuels. One of theses technologies is the magnetic refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). In this thesis, we have investigated the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of strongly correlated oxides thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition in view of their portential application in magnetic cooling. The obtained results reveal that the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of PrVO3 (PVO) compounds can be easy tailored by using the thin films approach. Particularly, the coercive magnetic field was dramatically decreased making from the PVO compound a nearly soft magnet in the region where the magnetic entropy change is released as well as a considerable increase in saturation magnetization. Accordingly, a giant magnetocaloric effect is exhibited by PVO thin films grown on LSAT substrate at low temperatures showing the great impact of strain effects. This finding opens the way for the implementations of PVO thin films in some specific applications such as on-chip magnetic cooling of a nanoelectronic device and sensor technology. On the other hand, the DFT calculations have confirmed the ground state and the competition between magnetic interactions under compressive strains in PVO thin films. Our result not only suggests that epitaxial PVO thin films is potential for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures but may also pave the way to create many novel functionalities in perovskite-type transition metal oxides by control of structural aspects.The mechanisms leading to the giant anisotropic magnetocaloric effect observed in HoMn2O5 single crystals are also studied. Both DFT calculations and Monte Carlo simulation allowed us to explore the role of Holmium ions as the main contributor to the MCE as well as the of the importance of the intrinsic anisotropic properties as a promising way to optimize the MCE for magnetic refrigeration application at low temperature regime as well as the implementation of compact and efficient rotary magnetic refrigerators
Bernard, Rozenn. "Dynamique des réseaux de vortex dans des films minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique en vue de l'optimisation d'un transformateur à flux de vortex." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112144.
Full textEschbach, Julien. "Etude de nanocomposites hybrides en vue d'application dans les microsystèmes : de la synthèse des nanoparticules à l'élaboration de films minces piézoélectriques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10104/document.
Full textThis work aims at the elaboration of new hybrid nanocomposites with specific properties (piezoelectricity, non-linear optic). First, simple numeric modelings on mechanical properties of nanocomposites are presented, as well as simulation of deformation in nanocomposites with piezoelectric nanoparticles. Experimental results on tribological and mechanical (performed by Brillouin Spectroscopy) characterization of different nanocomposites are exposed. The influence of nanoparticles and their fonctionalization on the polymer matrix is discussed, and in particular the incidence on free volume in nanocomposites. Several piezoelectric nanoparticles synthesis processes have been also studied. In particular, a LiNbO3 nanoparticles synthesis protocol has been worked out. These nanoparticles were characterized by structural, chemical and imaging techniques. Finally, these works leads to the elaboration of PVDF-TrFE matrix thin films nanocomposites filled with commercial or produced in laboratory nanoparticles. The methods used to polarize the films are described. The piezoelectric properties of the nanocomposites have been measured. More particularly, PVDF-TrFE/Al2O3 nanocomposites thin films with a good piezoelectric response have been elaborated
Danoumbé, Bonaventure. "Étude de couches minces de cuivre sur substrat YIG en vue de réaliser des composants magnétiques passifs planaires pour un fonctionnement à haute température." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES022/document.
Full textThe objective of the works carried out during this thesis concerns the study and realization of planar passive components with magnetic layers (YIG) operating at high temperature (200 ° C). For this, studies were carried out in two phases: a first part on the mechanics of stacking thin films and a second part on the electrical characterization of thin films and planar components realized (planar inductances). The first phase made it possible to demonstrate the mechanical integrity of the structure, that is to say a good adhesion of the thin copper layers on the magnetic substrate (YIG) up to a temperature of 200 ° C. The second phase on the electrical part of the thin layers and the planar components made it possible to demonstrate that no modification has been made to the structure of the component and shows that the component retains these same electrical properties after cycling Thermal (25 ° C - 200 ° C - 25 ° C)
Xavier, Pascal. "Etude de la réponse hyperfréquence des vortex dans des couches minces supraconductrices à haute température critique." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10034.
Full textMege-Revil, Alexandre. "Comportement à l'oxydation haute température de films nanocomposites du sytème Me-Si-N(Me=Ti, Cr) déposés par procédés sous vide sur acier." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0079/these.pdf.
Full textCoatings in the Me-Al-Si-N system were deposited on M2 steel using different vapour deposition process. SEM, TEM and XRD studies indicated in most cases that a nanocomposite structure in which Me(Al)N nanograins are embedded in an amorphous SiNx matrix was actually synthesized. A strong increase in the hardness, the oxidation resistance and the wear resistance of the coatings was then observed. Adding aluminium further improved the oxidation resistance. Environmental SEM observations allowed us to suggest a mechanism for the oxidation of PVD-deposited nanocomposite coatings. Thermal cycling tests showed the synergy between the hard, resilient TiN phase and the chemically inert but fragile SiNx phase. Finally, tribo-oxidation experiments combining wear and high temperature oxidation showed that adding Si in CrN allowed an increase of the wear resistance of a coated ball inversely related with the temperature
Beuran, Florin. "Croissance de films de cuprates supraconducteurs par épitaxie par jets moléculaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00644501.
Full textPorthault, Hélène. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112185/document.
Full textThe miniaturization of electronic systems is today a main topic of research and requires an important evolution of energy sources. All solid state micro-batteries are a perfectly adapted solution for this need. However, their specific capacity is limited to 50-200 µAh.cm-2 due to the difficulty to use films of active materials thickness over than 5 µm. One of the answers to enhance micro-batteries specific capacity is to deposit materials on textured substrate. Nevertheless, classical vacuum deposition techniques are not adapted to deposit conformal thin films on such surfaces because of shadow effects. The aim of this PhD-work was to develop new synthesis routes to realize 3D all solid state micro-batteries. Two chemical synthesis routes were studied: the sol-gel method and the electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions. The sol-gel synthesis was not efficient to realize conformal and dense films. However, this technique was very effective to obtain rhombohedra LiCoO2 powders with high specific surface, without grinding step, at moderate temperature (600-700°C). The electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions was very promising, both for its high deposition rate (up to 300 nm.mn-1) and its low synthesis temperature (from 125°C) without any annealing. The synthesized films exhibited excellent electrochemical performances in liquid electrolyte and a conformity higher than 97 % on textured substrates
Bartoli, Florian. "Croissance de films minces piézoélectriques de ScxAl1-xN par pulvérisation cathodique pour la réalisation de dispositifs à ondes élastiques confinées, destinés à des applications haute-température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CSUP0015.
Full textSome industries require the development of a sensor that is resistant to hostile environments (temperatures above 700°C, and aggressive atmospheres), while allowing wireless measurements. While SAW-type devices allow these measurements, it currently does not allow for use in extreme conditions, as the materials are not resistant to these environments. These devices can be encapsulated in packages to increase their viability, but only up to 300°C. We then try to make a self-protected sensor. It would consist of a three-layer structure, the central layer serving as a guide to the acoustic wave. The outer layers would serve to confine the wave in the guiding layer and protect it from chemical attack. This structure is called WLAW (Waveguiding Layer Acoustic Wave). In this thesis, we study the interest of the ScAlN material as a piezoelectric layer, and we test the viability of the WLAW structure for our application. Since thin ScAlN films are not commercially available, we have developed a growth process. Films of Sc0.09Al0.91N and Sc0.18Al0.92N were made by cathodic magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of the films was determined by XRD, and by transmission electron microscopy. Thin layers of hetero-epitaxial ScAlN were obtained. The behavior of Sc0.09Al0.91N/Sapphire devices were tested up to 575°C. The realization of a WLAW device was also carried out, using commercially purchased GaN/Sapphire substrates. Simulations have determined an AlN/GaN/Sapphire structure that can confine the wave. The proper containment of the wave in the piezoelectric material (here the GaN), as well as the viability of such a structure at temperature has been verified
Pannetier-Lecœur, Myriam. "Etude des conditions gouvernant la mobilite des vortex abrikosov dans des films minces supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique et applications aux transistors a flux de vortex." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2001.
Full textTaguett, Amine. "Synthèse et étude thermodynamique d’alliages Ir-Rh à l’état massif et en films minces pour la réalisation de capteurs SAW fonctionnant à haute température (700°C-1000°C) dans l’air." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA016/document.
Full textThe surface acoustic waves (SAW) technology was invented approximately fifty years ago. This technology is currently widely used in the telecommunication industry to make, among others, GHz-range filters. Another very active development axis for the SAW technology is related to the achievement of micro sensors (to measure temperatures, pressures, deformations, concentrations of chemical or biological species) for industrial sectors with strong constraints such as aerospace, automotive, metallurgy, or medical sectors. Their high sensitivity to environmental conditions, their small size and the possibility to interrogate them remotely without adding any embedded electronics (passive sensors), provides SAW sensors a high innovation potential, in particular for applications taking place in hostile environments. SAW devices are constituted by a piezoelectric substrate on which are patterned electrodes from a conductive film. These electrodes are typically 100 nm-thick and are called, because of their shape, interdigital transducers (IDT). Our work was mainly focused on the choice of materials for the realization of IDTs to be used at very high temperatures, in air, for weeks periods, the current state-of-the-art operating temperature being close to 850 °C. Achieving high temperature IDTs requires finding a conductive material, physically and chemically stable under oxidizing conditions up to 1000°C, which retains its properties when grown as a thin layer. A recent study has highlighted the relevance of bulk Ir-Rh binary alloys for applications closely related to the targeted ones. The objective of this project is to transfer the properties of bulk Ir-Rh alloys to Ir-Rh thin layers, by collecting new thermodynamic data for the Ir-Rh binary system. Despite the difficulties of thermal analyses which were conducted up to 2300 °C, we have been able to carry out the first experimental measurements of solid-liquid temperatures equilibria (solidus and liquidus) of some Ir-Rh alloys. An important part of the work was afterwards devoted to the realization of Ir-Rh thin films deposition campaigns to optimize the key parameters and obtain films having the relevant stoichiometry and microstructure. Finally, the performance of SAW devices, made from optimized thin films, was evaluated. Very promising results were obtained: after a stabilization phase in the early hours of annealing, the SAW signal was unchanged throughout a 2 months period at 800 °C in air atmosphere
Peperstraete, Yoann. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de films minces d’oxydes fonctionnels intégrés sur silicium : apport des modélisations ab initio." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS148/document.
Full textPbZr₁₋ₓTiₓO₃ (PZT) is a complex perovskite that has many properties, some of which are already used industrially. Thus, in spite of the toxicity of lead and its oxides, this material is still under extensive investigation. In this thesis, we are interested of both experimental and theoretical IR absorption spectroscopy of this compound. To do so, we used the CRYSTAL code, based on the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals method and periodic Density Functional Theory (LCAO-DFT) in order to facilitate the interpretation of experimental spectra, recorded on the AILES beamline of synchrotron SOLEIL. In this goal, we first studied the two building blocks of PZT: PbTiO₃ (PT) and PbZrO₃ (PZ). Our results are in very good agreement with what has already been done in the literature. We, thus, could carry out a precise interpretation of their absorbance spectra. Moreover, transferable parameters (in particular the basis set and the functional) have been determined and used to study PZT. The supercell method, coupled with a statistical analysis, provided promising results, comparable with experimental data and, thus, helpful for their interpretation. In order to make a step towards the real PT crystal, we started the simulation of ultrathin films and oxygen vacancies to investigate their effects on the IR absorption spectrum
Antoine, Joseph. "Synthèse par pulvérisation cathodique de pérovskites thermochromes comme couche sélective "haute performance" d'absorbeurs solaires thermiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0273.
Full textThe present PhD work is focused on the study of the LaCoO3 system deposited as a thin film by reactive magnetron sputtering. The first part of this work is dedicated to the influence of the deposition parameters on the film structure. The influences of heat treatment parameters and deposition total pressure on the thermochromic transition are discussed. We have shown that it is possible to control the ratio between the cubic and rhombohedral phases as well as the size of the crystallites through the control of our parameters. In a second part, we studied in detail the properties changes using synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy. Our measurements have shown that the cubic phase and the crystallites size influence the spin of cobalt atoms and therefore the nature of the Co-O bonds. We have shown that a fine microstructure and a rhombohedral phase increase the thermochromic effect and the optical switch of the transition thanks to an increase in the population density at the Fermi level and a decrease of the optical gap
Riva, Federica. "Développement des nouveaux scintillateurs en couche mince pour l’imagerie par rayons-X à haute résolution." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1195/document.
Full textX-ray detectors for high spatial resolution imaging are mainly based on indirect detection. The detector consists of a converter screen (scintillator), light microscopy optics and a CCD or CMOS camera. The screen converts part of the absorbed X-rays into visible light image, which is projected onto the camera by means of the optics. The detective quantum efficiency of the detector is strongly influenced by the properties of the converter screen (X-ray absorption, spread of energy deposition, light yield and emission wavelength). To obtain detectors with micrometer and sub-micrometer spatial resolution, thin (1-20 µm) single crystal film scintillators are required. These scintillators are grown on a substrate by liquid phase epitaxy. The critical point for these layers is their weak absorption, especially at energies exceeding 20 keV. At the European Synchrotron radiation Facility (ESRF), X-ray imaging applications can exploit energies up to 120 keV. Therefore, the development of new scintillating materials is currently investigated. The aim is to improve the contradictory compromise between absorption and spatial resolution, to increase the detection efficiency while keeping a good image contrast even at high energies.The first part of this work presents a model describing high-resolution detectors which was developed to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system as a function of the X-ray energy. The model can be used to find the optimal combination of scintillator and visible light optics for different energy ranges, and it guided the choice of the materials to be developed as SCF scintillators. In the second part, two new kinds of scintillators for high-resolution are presented: the gadolinium-lutetium aluminum perovskite (Gd0.5Lu0.5AlO3:Eu) and the lutetium oxide (Lu2O3:Eu) SCFs
Porthault, Helene. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658071.
Full textVaissière, Nicolas. "Synthèse de films de diamant de haute qualité cristalline pour la réalisation de dosimètres pour la radiothérapie." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022652.
Full textLangerome, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie infrarouge de matériaux supraconducteurs dans des conditions extrêmes de haute pression ou basse température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS343.
Full textSuperconductivity is highly studied in condensed matter physics for its potential applications. Indeed, this phenomenon is macroscopically characterized by remarkable properties, but generally occurs in materials at cryogenic temperature thus limitating their exploitation. Recently, renewed interest has appeared for conventional superconducting materials with the discovery of H₃S, whose transition temperature is at 200 K. For this compound, the coupling between electrons and phonons is at the origin of the electronic pairing, a necessary condition for superconductivity. The associated energy for this coupling belongs to the far infrared range, even THz, making infrared spectroscopy an ideal tool to study the mechanism. This thesis presents the studies of two superconducting materials in extreme experimental conditions of pressure and temperature, allowed by the high brilliance of synchrotron radiation. For the superconducting phase H₃S under pressures superior to 150 GPa, the environment of diamond anvil cell excludes most of the techniques to determine the nature of the mechanism but the optical studies remain adapted. The spectroscopic results presented here demonstrate a strong coupling between electrons and phonons, which explains the origin of such a high transition temperature. Complementary measurements aiming at characterizing NaCl under pressure is also described because this material is often used as a pressure transmitting medium in high pressure cells, in particular for the superconducting H₃S. The second study reports spectroscopic results in the THz on nanometric layers of Nb, whose superconducting transition temperatures are 4,5 K and 6,8 K. These measurements confirm that the conventional nature of the mechanism subsists within these quasi-bidimensional thin films. For this work, an instrumental ensemble allowing the spectroscopic measurements of materials down to 200 mK has been entirely developed based on an adiabatic demagnetization cryostat