Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Films liquides minces'
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Vandenbrouck, François. "Films minces de cristaux liquides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001559.
Full textChampougny, Lorène. "Génération et rupture de films liquides minces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS221/document.
Full textThe ephemeral beauty of soap films is not only a source of wonder and poetic inspiration, but also conceals fundamental scientific questions, which are at the heart of various applications, ranging from shampoo formulation to oil recovery. This work aims at understanding how the life of a soap film, from its generation until its rupture, is affected by the physical-chemical properties of the surfactants used to stabilise it.First, I present a stationary model describing the generation of vertical soap films, under the assumption of insoluble surfactants. I show that the film thickness is controlled by both the generation velocity and the film surface elasticity. The model successfully describes experimental data for soluble surfactants, at least when adsorption is slow. I also introduce an original experimental set up for the generation of liquid films stabilised by insoluble surfactants, which are certainly a promising model system. Secondly, I study the time evolution – i.e. the drainage and rupture – of thin films pulled from a liquid bath, starting with the simplified case of pure liquids. Implementing a non-stationary simulation, I am able to predict the lifetime of silicone oil thin films as a function of the generation velocity, which I find in quantitative agreement with experimental data. I then carry out systematic experiments to characterise the drainage of soap films for various generation velocities, environmental humidities and positions in the film. I also demonstrate the influence of dTAB concentration and humidity on film lifetime. Finally, I investigate how surfactant concentration affects the drainage and break-up dynamics of hemispherical soap bubbles at the surface of a liquid pool, which is a system somewhat closer to real foams
Delabre, Ulysse. "Films nématiques minces sur substrats liquides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472333.
Full textBenzaquen, Michael. "Dynamique des interfaces liquides, des films minces au sillage des bateaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066192.
Full textWe present results on the dynamics of liquid interfaces at different scales. In the first part, we study confined liquid systems within the lubrication approximation. We obtain interesting analytical and numerical results on the thin-film equation governing the dynamics of such systems. The theory is successfully confronted to atomic force microscopy experiments on thin polymer films in different geometries. We explore the physics resulting from the intrinsic properties of polymeric materials such as viscoelasticity, slip at the solid- liquid interface as well as the dynamics near the glass transition temperature. In the second part, we tackle the problem of the wake generated by a moving disturbance at the air-water interface. Motivated by experimental results that seem to challenge Kelvin’s century old theory of ship waves, we show that two angles can be distinguished in the wake. The angle delimiting the wake is constant, consistent with Lord Kelvin’s theory, while the angle corresponding to the highest waves decreases as the Froude number is increased. We examine as well the case of capillary-gravity waves and focus in particular on the finite size effects on the wave drag. Both parts can be addressed independently
Michel, Jean-Philippe. "Films smectiques minces déposés sur un substrat monocristallin." Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERG0169.
Full textThis work presents an experimental study of the structure of thin smectic films frustrated on a single crystal. Film thicknesses are investigated from several hundreds to several tens of smectic layers. We worked on the model system 8CB/MoS2 by combining four different experimental techniques, llowing an exploration of the layers structure everywhere in the film. We demonstrate we are able to study sual defects of the smectic phase in a simplified geometry because of the order imposed via the substrate's surface. Combination of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Grazing Incidence X-ray effraction (GIXD) permit to take interest to the physisorption of organic molecules on a crystalline surface and more precisely to determine the fine structure of the first 8CB adsorbed molecules on MoS2 surface. We interpret our results through a1D mean field model leading to a complex molecule-substrate. In a second time, by combining Optical Microscopy (MO) and GIXD we studied the unidirectionnal planar anchoring of the smectic A and nematic phases imposed by the flat surface of MoS2. We have determined six different anchoring directions for the perpendicularly anchored smectic layers with respect to the main crystallographic directions of MoS2. With models existing in the litterature, we have then interpreted our results and evidenced the strong link between the adsorbed structure and the anchoring characteristics. Film's structure frustrated by antagonistic anchorings was investigated by combination of MO, GIXD and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in the Tapping mode. For thickness higher than 0,1 mm, smectic layers are stacked concentrically into periodic networks formed by flattened hemicylindrical structures. We have evidenced the existence of an elastic threshold located between 700 and 900 Å, below which a discontinous structure with dislocation walls exists in order to avoid any prohibitive curvature of smectic layers. We have demonstrated the asymmetric nature of the walls associated to a high dislocation density. Thickness evolution has revealed also the presence of such a discontinous structure under the flattened Hemicylindrical structures and permit to understand the defect evolution when film's thickness varies. We have then studied straightforward the internal structure of focal conics, which here are 1D degenerated
Delacotte, Jérôme. "Rôle des interfaces et du confinement dans les films minces liquides." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077226.
Full textInterfacal properties and confinement effects of complex fluids are involved in stabilization of foams. This question is also related to microfluidics and nano-fluidics, which have been developed during recent years. Mixed solutions made of polyelectrolytes and surfactants have been used to study the influence of both confinement and surfactant in ultra-thin films (< 100 nm). Dissipation in these films was probed by a thin film pressure balance as a rheometer combined with a hydrodynamical model. An effective viscosity can be extracted, which is higher for thinner films and affected by the nature of the surfactant. Generation of thicker films (a few microns) by dip coaling of a solid plate enables the separation of the effects of confinement. Several surfactants with different solubilities were used. A dynamic transition of thickening was found and quantitatively explained. Furthermore, in the frame of a collaboration, a hydrodynamic model was developed to take into account surface viscosity in the thickening phenomenon. We could characterize the regime in which interfacial rheology is driven by pure surface viscosity. This model is the first step toward a model taking into account both surface elasticity and surface viscosity
Millot, Serge. "Propriétés nanorhéologiques de films minces liquides confinés entre deux surfaces solides." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0029.
Full textNajjar, Rachid. "Distorsion spontanée dans les films polaires de cristaux liquides smectiques à molécules inclinées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13228.
Full textZappone, Bruno. "Films nanométriques de cristaux liquides étudiés par mesure de force SFA et AFM." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12787.
Full textUsing a surface force apparatus (SFA) and an atomic force microscope in "Force Spectroscopy" mode (SP-AFM) we have studied the behaviour under nanometric confinement of nematic and smectic liquid crystals (LC). First, we have considered the confinement-induced layering in a lyotropic LC composed of biaxial micellae, organized in different nematic phases depending on the temperature: calamitic C, biaxial Bx and discotic D. We have characterized the layering in term of the layer thickness and of the strength and the range of the induced order. We observe some variation between the C and D phase. The D-phase deviates more than the C phase from the theoretical behaviour. For strongly birefringent LC, the interferometric method usually employed to measure the film thickness (FECO) is no longer valid. We have developed a numerical approach to identify the LC configuration across the confinement using the FECO data. We have used these data as a starting point to interpretate the force profiles obtained for two nematic biphenyls, subjected to different anchoring conditions: homeotropic, twisted planar and hybrid planar/homeotropic. The force profiles are compared to a model, including the nematic elasticity and the anchoring energy at the surfaces. The agreement is good for the planar samples, if we consider a very high anchoringenergy that is particularly high. For hybrid anchoring conditions, the force does not follow the same kind of model. We do not observe the anchoring transition to a uniform-director configuration, predicted for small thicknesses. We measure a strong attraction for a thickness of about 100 angstroms, probably due to tensor order gradients across the confinement. Using the SP-AFM we have measured the layer thickness and compressibility of two smectic A and C* materials, with a resolution comparable to that of other techniques, more specific but also slower and more expensive
Yahiaoui, Bechir. "Etude par spectrometrie raman des films liquides tres minces entre deux parois solides." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066605.
Full textYahiaoui, Bechir. "Etude, par spectrométrie Raman, de films liquides très minces entre deux parois solides." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619286v.
Full textVilley, Richard. "Nanorhéologie des liquides confimés : application à la nanomécanique des couches minces." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10249/document.
Full textWhen two solids separated by a liquid layer are moving towards each other, the resulting drainage is associated with viscous forces normal to the walls. If these are very close to each other (several nanometers), they are indented by these forces : this is the notion of “elastic confinement”. Indenting a solid by a liquid solves the problem of adhesion, which limits the ability of classical indentationtests to provide accurate measurements on Young’s modulii. Adhesion is especially problematic for soft thin films, for example micrometric layers of elastomers, which mechanical properties can strongly differ from the bulk, but are of the highest importance in various fields such as microfluidics, electronics or mechanical wear. We present here the calculations which link the solid and liquid mechanical properties to the resulting forces in a liquid indentation test. The corresponding results are compared to nanorheology experiments using a very sensitive Surface Force Apparatus. Its sensitivity enables us to show that the elastic confinement is also measurable without any soft films, which implies that a confined liquid apparent rheology is always affected bythe deformations of even very rigid confining walls. Finally, we demonstrate that we are indeed able to measure precisely Young’s modulii in the MPa range for films as thin as several hundreds of nanometers. While the storage modulii are found to be almost independent ofthe film thicknesses, we identify the presence of loss modulii increasing with decreasing thicknesses. We attribute this unexpected viscoelastic behaviour to the presence of an interfacial layer
VIX, ARMELLE. "Structure et demouillage de films minces de polymeres cristaux liquides / struktur und entnetzung ultradunner filme aus flussigkristallinen polymeren." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066697.
Full textMerabia, Samy. "Hétérogénéités dynamiques dans les liquides surfondus : transition vitreuse dans les films fins, vieillissement : propriétés mécaniques des élastomères chargés." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112274.
Full textWe show that the heterogeneous nature of the dynamics near the glass transition allows to interpret in an unified view the dynamics of supercooled liquids in the bulk and in thin films, at equilibrium and out of equilibrium (aging) and also to understand the mechanical properties of filled elastomers( rubbers). We have first calculated, within the Long and Lequeux model, the length scale and the relaxation time distribution associated with the dynamical heterogeneities. This has allowed us to interpret quentitatively small probes diffusion experiments near the glass transition. In the case of thin films, we have described in details the relaxation mechanisms that take place near the glass transition and in particular we have predicted the glass transition temperature Tg as a function of the thickness of the film and the interaction energy between the polymer and the substrate. Next, we have predicted the evolution of the microscopic state of the system during a temperature jump or after a pressure jump. We have shown that the same physical mechanism allows to interpret: 1) the dependance of the equilibrium dominant relaxation time in the mean density and in the temperature 2) the melting kinetics of a glassy polymer 3) the evolution of the volume during a positive temperature jump (Kovacs effect). Finally, in the continuity of this work, we have proposed a physical model for filled elastomers. This model accounts for the reinforcement properties of the system, both in the linear and in the non linear regime and for the plastic behaviour (in the non-destructive regime of deformation)
Archambeau, Samuel. "Etude des propriétés de films minces de cristaux liquides discotiques pour la conversion photovoltai͏̈que organique." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30194.
Full textOrganic material based photovoltaic cells are under study since a long time but their power efficiency still remains poor. As a consequence of their excellent transport properties, organic discotic materials were used in this work to fabricate low cost solar cell devices. The objective as a matter of fact was to increase the mobility within our thin films by thermal annealing in order to organize the molecules in the form of columns. These annealing led to a dewetting resulting in an appreciable inhomogeneity in film thickness and appearance of short-circuits during the realization of the cells. In order to avoid these dewetting different solutions (impregnation, electrowetting and ITO treatments) were studied. Then, we demonstrated the exciton diffusion length increasing when molecules are in the columnar organization
Gaio, Thierry. "Mécanismes de transfert dans les films liquides minces ondés : application à l'absorption du dioxyde de soufre par le diméthyléter tétraéthylène glycol." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT031G.
Full textRichard, Céline J. E. "Small spatial scales in wetting on non-structured and structured surfaces : thin films of liquid crystals & small-scales wetting properties of ionic liquids." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066568.
Full textAt a time where miniaturization is one of the main challenges in science, the physics of wetting at small-scales is far from being completely understood. The structuring role of the interface(s), the heterogeneities of the substrate or the occurence of line effects over surface effects begin to matter. The aim of the present experimental PhD thesis is then to bring new clues to help the development of theoretical analysis. Two complex small-scale systems are studied: thin films of nematic liquid crystals on liquid substrates as well as droplets and precursors of ionic liquids on solid substrates. Compared to an usual liquid, two ingredients must be added to describe the wetting properties of nematic liquid crystals: elasticity which is the source of long range interactions and anchoring which describes the specificic role played by the boundary conditions. On a liquid substrate, thin films with antagonist anchorings exhibit complex structures and thickness coexistence. Different systems were studied under optical microscope both in the nematic rangeand around the nematic / isotropic transition. The results were compared to available models based on continuum theory of nematic elasticity. Ionic liquids are molten salts at ambient temperature. They are now ubiquitous in industry, which explains that their wetting behaviour on small-scales is a hot topic. Small quantities of ionic liquid were deposited on several substrates, smooth or rough. The landscape obtained, droplets and thin films, was then imaged using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results were compared to available models for thin films and nanoscopic drops
Sabra, Ghâzi. "Modèles de la déformation de couches minces liquides isolantes sous l'action d'un flux de charges." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10045.
Full textLiu, Tomin. "Electrodéposition de couches minces métalliques à partir de solutions de liquides ioniques pour des applications électroniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0170/document.
Full textDeposition mechanisms from ionic liquid-based electrolytes are not fully understood due to difficulties in probing the electrolyte structure. In this study, we investigate the links between films morphology, electrochemical properties of the electrolyte and electrolyte structure. Several solutions were investigated: CuCl, CuCl2 and CuSO4 in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate [EMIM][EtSO4]; AgTFSI, CuTFSI2 and AlTFSI3 in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [EMIM][TFSI]. Cyclic-voltammetry shows that silver and copper reductions are quasi-reversible and occur by one-electron transfer reaction {(Ag(I)→Ag(0), (Cu(II)→Cu(I)) and (Cu(I)→Cu(0)}. Aluminium reduction is irreversible. The diffusion coefficients increase with electrolyte temperature, and are also influenced by the metal oxidation state and anions in solution. Metallic thin films were obtained for all the solutions except AlTFSI3. XRD and EDX analysis show that the films are crystalline and consist mainly of pure copper or silver. Their morphology is controlled by the deposition temperature, time and potential. In general, increasing the deposition time and temperature increases the film coverage and particle size, whereas increasing the deposition potential decreases the particle size. The electrolytes structure was investigated by Raman and IR spectroscopies, supported by theoretical calculations. For the AgTFSI-[EMIM][TFSI], silver cation is solvated by three TFSI-. For the CuCl2-[EMIM][EtSO4], copper cation is solvated by two chlorines and two EtSO4-
Trinschek, Sarah Christine. "Modélisation de films minces de fluides complexes et de colonies bactériennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY012/document.
Full textBacteria colonise interfaces by the formation of dense aggregates. In this thesis, we develop and analyse simple models to clarify the role of passive physico-chemical forces and processes - such as osmosis, surface tension effects and wettability - in the spreading of bacterial colonies at solid-air interfaces. The models are based on a hydrodynamic description for thin films of liquid suspensions that is supplemented by bioactive processes.We first focus on the osmotic spreading mechanism of bacterial colonies that relies on the generation of osmotic pressure gradients. The bacteria secrete a polymeric matrix which acts as an osmolyte and triggers the influx of nutrient-rich water from the moist substrate into the colony. We find that wettability crucially affects the spreading dynamics. At low wettability, the lateral expansion of the colony is arrested, albeit the colony is biologically active. However, a small reduction of the surface tension and the resulting improvement of the wettability suffices to induce continuous spreading. This can, e.g., result from the production of bio-surfactants by the bacteria.Next, we study passive liquid films covered by insoluble surfactants before developing a model for the surfactant-driven spreading of bacterial colonies. In this spreading mechanism, Marangoni fluxes arising due to a non-uniform surfactant concentration at the edges of the colony drive cooperative spreading and may cause an instability of the circular colony shape. We find that variations in wettability and surfactant production suffice to reproduce four different types of colony growth, namely, arrested and continuous spreading of circular colonies, slightly modulated front lines and the formation of pronounced fingers.In the final part, we take a first step towards the incorporation of active collective bacterial motion in the employed thin-film framework and present a phenomenologically derived model for active polar films
Khalil, Rita. "Électrodépôt de ZnO en milieux liquides ioniques : études physico-chimiques des différentes étapes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS307.
Full textZinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor with various physicochemical properties that justify its use in a wide range of technological applications. The aim of this thesis is deposit nanocrystalline ZnO thin films using zinc salt which is dissolved in a pure ionic liquid (IL). The latter plays double role: solvent and electrolyte support. Most of ILs have a large electrochemical window and good electrical conductivity. For this study, we selected four hydrophobic ILs, a family of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, that we synthetized and characterized by physicochemical measurements to highlight the effect of the length of the cationic alkyl chain on the studied properties. These properties were correlated to the electrochemical characterization, the morphological, structural and optical analyzes of nanocrystalline ZnO deposits. Grain growth and its arrangement are affected by the nature of the components (cation/anion) of the studied ILs, that act as model agents during electroplating. Electrochemical performances of the produced thin layers were also measured in order to evaluate their possible uses in electrochemical devices (batteries, photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors…)
Zouari, Riadh. "Propriétés mécaniques de films de polyélectrolytes biocompatibles et de systèmes stimulables à base de cristaux liquides." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6002.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis has two distinct parts relating to the mechanical properties of polymer systems, namely polyelectrolytes multilayer (PEM) films and liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) in the dry state and in the swollen state, with a low molecular weight liquid crystal (LMWLC) as solvent. The experiments were carried out using an original piezorheology device developed in our laboratory, which imposes very low shear and compression strains to materials, in a wide frequency range (20 mHz – 104 Hz). All measurements were done in the linear response regime. The first part focuses on the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte films called multilayers with exponential growth. It presents the first experimental evidence showing that these films are neither gels nor layered systems as was thought until now, but liquids consisting of polyelectrolyte complexes in solution. The cross-linked films are soft gels (~ 104 Pa) whose formation kinetic is governed by a single mechanism. In the second part, we investigate the mechanical properties of nematic monodomain (or uniaxial) side chain LCE, when they are dry, and then swollen with a LMWLC. The main results can be summarized as follows: a) the mechanical behavior can be simply described by the de Gennes model and not by the concept of soft or semi-soft elasticity, b) a progressive swelling transforms the supercritical elastomer into a gel exhibiting a first-order nematic to paranematic transition, and then into a supercritical gel when the swelling is total, c) chains are not Gaussian, d) the fully swollen gel is characterized by a “dip” in the curve giving the thermal variation of the real part of the shear modulus. This dip does not depend neither on the shear direction, perpendicular or parallel to the director, nor on the polydomain or monodomain structure of the elastomer. The supercritical state is confirmed by NMR measurements
Gharbi, Walid Allah. "Élaboration et caractérisations de matériaux ferroélectriques sans plomb : céramiques, films minces, nanopoudres et composites nanopoudres - cristal liquide." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0355.
Full textIn this work a ferroelectrics Ba0,9Sr0,1TiO3 (BST) ceramics, thin layers and nanoparticles were elaborated in order to obtain suitable materials for microelectronics. A mixture of BST nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid crystal was also performed. The ferrolectric nature of BST films has been demonstrated by measurements of the electrical hysteresis cycles. The best electrical properties were obtained with annealing at 950 °C for 15 min. The physico-chemical analyzes of BST nanapowders indicate that the optimum calcination temperature is at 900 °C. The grain size obtained is between 30 and 100 nm. The characterizations of nanapowders with X-Ray Diffraction show a tetragonal structure at room temperature therefore the possibility of a ferroelectric character. The ceramics synthesized by sol-gel method and sintered at different temperatures showed that the grain size depends directly on the sintering temperature and proves to be a key parameter influencing the dielectric response of the material. The BST ceramics prepared by solid-solid method used to get a size larger grain and consequently a higher value of dielectric permittivity. The comparative study of the dielectric properties of the liquid crystal single and the mixture "BST nanoparticles- liquid crystal" confirmed the influence of nanoparticles on the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. The comparison of experimental results with the mixtures laws allowed the estimation of the dielcectric permittivity of BST nanoparticles
Richard, Céline J. E. "Phénomènes de mouillage aux petites échelles sur des substrats non structurés et structurés : films minces de cristaux liquides et propriétés de mouillage des liquides ioniques aux petites échelles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662524.
Full textRossomme, Séverine. "Modélisation de l'évaporation des films liquides minces, y compris au voisinage des lignes de contact: application aux caloducs à rainures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210409.
Full textL’étude décrite dans la première partie propose une contribution originale à la modélisation de l’évaporation des films minces, y compris au voisinage des lignes de contact. De manière générale, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence l’influence de phénomènes qui se déroulent aux petites échelles sur le transfert thermique d’un film mince déposé sur une paroi plane et chauffée. Dans le cadre de l’hypothèse de lubrification, deux modèles sont dès lors développés. Le premier modèle décrit l’évaporation d’un film liquide mince dans sa vapeur pure tandis que le second modèle porte sur l’évaporation d’un film liquide mince dans un gaz inerte. Les diverses recherches menées sont principalement orientées vers la quantification, d’une part, des angles de contact apparents générés par l’évaporation, malgré le caractère parfaitement mouillant du couple liquide-solide utilisé et, d’autre part, des flux de chaleur et de matière interfaciaux. Une particularité du premier modèle est qu’il généralise divers modèles existants [15,25,86,117] en regroupant un ensemble de phénomènes spécifiques et complexes tels que le saut de température à l’interface liquide-vapeur, la résistance thermique de la vapeur et celle du solide ou la variation locale de la température de saturation à l’interface liquide-vapeur suite à la courbure interfaciale et aux forces de van der Waals. En plus de ces effets, d’autres mécanismes plus classiques sont inclus dans le modèle :la tension superficielle, la thermocapillarité, la pression de disjonction, l’évaporation et le recul de vapeur. Des analyses de stabilité linéaires et des études paramétriques ont été réalisées afin de quantifier l’influence de ces phénomènes sur la stabilité d’un film liquide mince, sur son évaporation et sur le transfert de chaleur associé. Au travers des chapitres 3 et 4, nous mettons notamment en évidence
• comment les forces de van der Waals compensent l’évaporation du film liquide mince de façon à créer un film stationnaire stable,
• pourquoi le recul de la vapeur et la thermocapillarité sont deux phénomènes qui peuvent être négligés dans les conditions étudiées dans ce travail,
• des lois analytiques qui décrivent certaines variables du problème, plus particulièrement l’angle de contact et le maximum du flux de chaleur, en fonction de la surchauffe de la paroi solide.
Faisant suite aux travaux proposés par Haut et Colinet [59], nous avons ensuite développé un second modèle afin de caractériser l’évaporation dans une faible quantité de gaz inerte d’un film liquide mince déposé sur une paroi plate et chauffée. Tout comme dans le cadre de l’étude précédente, notre analyse s’articule autour d’une étude de stabilité linéaire ainsi que d’études paramétriques réalisées sur des nombres caractéristiques du problème. Alors que les conclusions sur la stabilité du film sont indépendantes de la quantité de gaz inerte contenue dans la phase vapeur, il n’en est pas de même pour les transferts de matière et de chaleur interfaciaux comme montré au chapitre 5.
Dans la seconde partie du travail, nous utilisons les conclusions auxquelles nous sommes arrivés dans la première partie dans le cadre d’une application industrielle. En collaboration avec le Centre d’Excellence en Recherche Aéronautique (CENAERO) et la société Euro Heat Pipes (EHP), une stratégie a été élaborée afin de simuler les transferts thermiques radiaux dans une rainure d’un caloduc au niveau de l’évaporateur. Les résultats numériques, obtenus sur base d’un modèle multi-échelle développé à l’ULB et implémenté numériquement lors d’un stage chez CENAERO, montrent que ces transferts sont influencés par la valeur de l’angle de contact. Celui-ci dépendant des phénomènes microscopiques, il s’avère par conséquent nécessaire de les inclure dans le modèle thermique. En effet, si nous ne considérons que les aspects macroscopiques du problème, qui se résument à la conduction dans le solide et dans le liquide, le coefficient d’échange global au niveau de la rainure est surestimé.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Niyonzima, Jean de dieu. "Topological defects in smectic A liquid crystal thin films." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS660.pdf.
Full textDue to their ubiquitous and versatile nature, the topological defects have been the subject of a great interest for over a century in different research areas such as cosmology, biology and condensed matter physics. They are important in the determination of dynamic and static properties of the material that host them. Smectic A liquid crystal topological defects have been shown to be able to attract, trap and orient nanoparticle into different networks in their defect cores. However, their intimate structure remains elusive. Liquid crystals are laboratory systems to study topological defects. The confined smectic liquid crystal thin films that can lead to the formation of topological defects are useful since they allow for the use of X-ray scattering to study the defects at an unprecedented resolution. Using Grazing Incident Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) on the SIXS beamline of Soleil Synchrotron facility, we studied the internal structure of an array of oriented smectic topological defects in thin smectic-A liquid crystal films of of 4-n-octyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) confined between two strong antagonistic anchoring imposed by Polyvinyl alcohol substrate (planar unidirectional) and air (homeotropic). We studied a film of 180 nm thickness and found that it is composed of smectic layers superimposed into flattened hemicylinders. We have theoretically determined the relationship between the integrated Bragg intensity, the Full width at Half maximum of the scattered peak and the number of scattering rotating smectic layers. This allowed us to reconstruct with precision the internal structure of these thin smectic films. We have evidenced that three different kinds of topological defects coexist inside these thin smectic films, dislocations, disclination and 2D topological grain boundaries, all oriented in the direction parallel to the axis of the hemicylinders. The rotating smectic layers that connect these defects display an unusually strong increase of their interlayer spacing close to the hemicylinder curvature center. A minimization of the elastic energy leads to a quantitative relationship between the interlayer spacing and the curvature radius of the smectic layers in perfect agreement with the experimental data. This interlayer spacing appears to be not only at the origin of the dislocation formation but also at the origin of a chevron formation in the middle of the hemicylinders. We have then analyzed the evolution of the structures as a function of the film thickness. We found that it is essentially the disinclination zone that manages the change in structure as the thickness increases due to the need to decrease the surface energy of the smectic film. This allowed us to show in particular how the size of the disclination core can be controlled by the thickness of the smectic film
Blach, Jean-François. "Caractérisation et manipulation de domaines de films minces ferroélectriques de titanate de baryum par microscopie à champ proche : application à la réorientation locale de molécules de cristal liquide." Artois, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ARTO0403.
Full textAt dawn of the realization of all-optical components, liquid crystals are potentially interesting materials, particularly thanks to their high birefringence and their nonlinear optical properties. Usually the alignment of the liquid crystal is imposed in a macroscopic way. We propose to control this alignment at micrometer scale by using thin films ferroelectric. Indeed, the local alignment of liquid crystal by ferroelectric material was demonstrated. Moreover, since the end of the nineties, scanning probe microscopy allows the domain manipulation of thin films ferroelectric. We thus tried to locally oriented liquid crystal molecules thanks to the domains generated by scanning probe microscopy. Our choice went towards systems made up of barium titanate thin films ferroelectric and 5CB like liquide crystal. We initially determined the parameters (by X-Ray diffraction, polarized Raman microspectrometry, ellipsometric spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy (AFM and EFM)) related to the structure of thin films leading to a homogeneous liquid crystal deposition at the surface of these films. Then we have highlighted the influence of the domains (writing by scanning probe microscopy) on a liquid crystal layer by optical methods (polarized microscopy, confocal polarized Raman microspectrometry and by beams deviations)
Missaoui, Amine. "Dynamics of topological defects in freely floating smectic liquid crystal films and bubbles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS207.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the dynamics of topological defects in liquid crystals (LC). Among the wide range of possible choices, we are interested in the thermotropic smectic-C liquid crystalline phase. The unique property of this LC phase allows to form freely suspended films, that are supported on a holder and bounded by a meniscus, and freely floating bubbles. The studies in these suspended systems are on the one hand less influenced by the boundary conditions that exist in the case of the LC cells and on the other hand easier to interpret thanks to the two-dimensional geometry of these films and bubbles. The aim of the PhD consists in exploiting the properties of smectique-C freely suspended films and bubbles for the study of the dynamics of topological defects
Simon, Amélie. "Modélisation des phénomènes de films liquides dans les turbines à vapeur." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC001/document.
Full textIn the electricity production, one central key to reduce damages and losses due to wetness in steam turbines is the study of liquid films. These thin films are created by the deposition of droplets and are highly sheared. This film may then be atomized into coarse water. At the moment, no comprehensive and validated model exists to describe this phenomenon. A 2D model based on a integral formulation associated with closure laws is developed to represent this film. Compared to classical Shallow-Water equation, the model takes into account additional effect : mass transfer, droplet impact, shearing at the free surface, surface tension, pressure gradient and the rotation. The model properties (hyperbolicity, entropy, conservativity, linear stability, Galilean invariance and rotational invariance) has been analyzed to judge the pertinence of the model. A new 2D code is implemented in a free module of the code EDF Code Saturne and a finite volume method for unstructured mesh has been developed. The verification of the code is then carried out with analytical solutions including a Riemann problem. The model, which degenerates into classical Shallow-Water equations for the case of a falling liquid film on a inclined plane, is validated by the experiment of Liu and Gollub, 1994, PoF and compared to reference models (Ruyer-Quil and Manneville, 2000, EPJ-B et Lavalle, 2014, PhD thesis). Another study depicts a sheared film under low-pressure steam turbine conditions and is validated by the experiment of Hammitt et al., 1981, FiI. Lastly, the code film is coupled to 3D steam data around a fixed blade of a BP100 turbine, from Blondel, 2014, PhD thesis. This industrial application shows the feasibility of liquid film's simulation in real steam turbine condition
POINSOT, ISABELLE. "Etude de quelques proprietes physiques de films minces de cristaux liquides smectiques c et o par une methode equivalente a la diffusion de lumiere." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13266.
Full textChaban, Levgeniia. "Investigation of thermal and mechanical behavior of ultra-thin liquids at GHz frequencies." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1039/document.
Full textThe phenomenon of liquid structuring near interfaces is related to the liquid/interface interaction forces at distances of some molecular dimensions. Despite the fact that this universal structuring effect plays a key role in various fields such as heat transport, particle transport through biological membranes, nanofluidics, microbiology and nanorheology, the experimental investigation of liquid structuring remainschallenging.The aim of this PhD thesis is the experimental study of the structuring/ordering of liquids at nanoscale distances from their interfaces with solids. In this context, we have adapted the experimental technique of picosecond laser ultrasonics to investigate high-frequency longitudinal acoustic properties of ultrathin liquids confined between solid surfaces of different types. At first, we will present results of time-domain Brillouin scattering (TDBS) used to determine the temperature distribution profile in the investigated liquid volume which can be extrapolated to nanometer dimensions. Results for the evolution of the extracted Brillouin scattering frequencies and attenuation rates recorded at different laser powers give insight to the intrinsic relationship between thermal and mechanical properties of liquids. Second, we will describe our results for the measurements of mechanical properties of ultrathin liquids with a nanometric resolution. Fourier analysis of the recorded TDBS signals for different liquid thicknesses yield the value of the longitudinal speed of sound and attenuation at GHz frequencies. This novel TDBS experimental scheme is a first step towards the understanding of confined liquids measured by GHz ultrasonic probing
Zimny, Kévin. "Cristaux liquides, empreinte pour la préparation de matériaux mésoporeux organisés : application à la synthèse d'oxyde de titane nanocristallin." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10111/document.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation of mesoporous materials from fluorinated liquid crystals via the LCT mechanism. Synthesis parameters have been optimized for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica with the hexagonal H1 phase of water/C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH system. Results show a correlation between pore diameters of materials and hydrophobic diameters measured in liquid crystals. According to the coprecipitation method, incorporation of TiO2 in a silica matrix, synthesized using micelles (via the cooperative templating mechanism CTM) or the hexagonal phase of C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH/water system (via liquid crystal templating mechanism LCT). Both pathways lead to a loss of mesopore ordering and a decrease of the specific surface area when titania content increases. If materials are prepared via CTM mechanism TiO2 is present on the surface whereas TiO2 is in the bulk when LCT mechanism is used. Mesoporous thin films have been prepared via EISA method. Grazing incidence small angle X-Ray scattering and reflectivity analysis have been used to define the structure of films and the thickness of the different layers. Finally an original method has been developed for the preparation of ordered titania mesoporous materials. Precipitation of titania in the hybrid mesophase is activated by a NH3 treatment. The structure is preserved after calcination step which allow the formation of TiO2 anatase. Photocatalytic activity of these materials has been tested on the photodegradation of methylorange
Miguet, Jonas. "Amincissement et stabilité de bulles de surface." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS530.
Full textThe thesis work was done in collaboration with PepsiCo. The initial problem is based on the observation of the quantity of foam created when a supersaturated liquid, such as a carbonated beverage, is poured into a glass. Indeed, the addition of a very small amount of sweetener, representative of the concentrations found in sugar-free sodas, induces a significantly greater amount of foam than for traditional white sugar at a concentration 200 times greater. The sweetener used here is an extract of the plant stevia rebaudiana used for hundreds if not thousands of years in South America. Model experiments are proposed to study in detail two aspects of the problem: the rate of production of bubbles in the supersaturated medium and their rate of extinction at the surface. A first experiment aimed at characterizing the rate of production of bubble within a supersaturated medium. The basic notions are presented as well as an experimental procedure. On the other hand, studies on the stability of bubbles and films form the core of the manuscript. The main results of this work concern the stability and the drainage of bubbles at the surface of a liquid bath. Measurements of the impact of various ingredients commonly added in sodas on bubbles lifetime are presented. In addition, the effects of bubbles size and environmental humidity are measured on thousands of soapy bubbles, making use an automated setup. A model describing the drainage and the convective evaporation of the thin film is used to describe the measured lifetimes. Finally, a model describing the impact of marginal regeneration on the film thinning is presented and confronted with experimental data. The results show that this phenomenon controls the thinning of the film as a whole
Moulki, Hakim. "Matériaux et dispositifs électrochromes à base de NiO modifié en couches minces." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989588.
Full textCissé, Lamine. "Etude des propriétés électroniques des cristaux liquides discotiques pour applications photovoltaïques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/246/.
Full textShort excitons diffusion length and the low charges-carrier mobility organic semiconductors seriously limit the performance of organic solar cells. Using disc-like molecules which can be regularly arranged in columns, offers an opportunity to improve these properties. However, one of the biggest problems for the implementation of this strategy lies in the instability of discotic materials that appears during the transition to the isotropic phase when they are aligned as thin films. In this thesis, we show through the study of a benzoperylene derivative crystal liquid that this instability can be avoided by a surface treatment using an Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge. Measures excitons diffusion length in a homeotropic oriented and non-oriented benzoperylene derivative:benzo [g,h,i]perylene1,2,4,5,10,11 -hexacarboxylic1,2-di-(2-ethylhexyl)ester4:5,10:11-di-(4-heptyl)imide, Bp2I2CEH) indicate an increase of its value of 25% with the homeotropic organization. The study of Schottky-type structures ITO/Bp2I2CEH/Al based on Bp2I2CEH oriented and non-oriented thin films shows an increase in the photocurrent by a factor of 16 compared to a cell carried out with the same non-oriented film. We have also modelled organic solar cells since the absorption of light to charges carrier generation. Numerical simulations results (with a program developed in C language) show that the solar cell architecture can be optimized to improve the photocurrent generated by the device
Daillant, Jean. "Deux cas de films minces : l'étalement des polymères sur différentes surfaces et les monocouches d'amphiphiles sur l'eau : une étude par rayons X aux incidences rasantes." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112218.
Full textGaillard, Thibaut. "Ecoulements confinés à haut et bas Reynolds : génération millifluidique de mousse et drainage de films minces de copolymères." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS368/document.
Full textFoam is a fascinating matter which has been broadly used for centuries, but its complexity makes it difficult to understand and control its properties. The subject of this experimental thesis is to show through two examples that by controlling the flows during the generation and lifetime of the foam its stability and structural properties may be better controlled. In the first part I study the generation of foams made of microscopic bubbles by a cyclic diphasic flow in a tube connecting two syringes. With this technique one can vary the liquid fractions without changing the bubble size distributions. I show that these distributions are mainly controlled by the presence of constrictions in the tubing connecting the syringes and by the physico-chemical properties of the foaming solution. My results show that the characteristic bubble size is not fixed by foam ageing effects but by hydrodynamic instabilities. With various millifluidic model experiments in the inertial regime I highlight what seems to be a new mechanism of bubble fragmentation. The acceleration and deceleration of the bubbles when going through a constriction would be the driving effect of this process. The precise link still has to be established. In the second part I show that it is possible to make highly stable free-standing films made of a comb-copolymer melt of PDMS-g-PEG-PPG, at room temperature, and without stabilising agents. The characterisation of this melt reveals that it is a newtonian liquid with a low surface tension and not subject to phase transitions at room temperature. I studied intensively the drainage of vertical and horizontal films, which is a laminar flow of the liquid confined between its two liquid/air interfaces. Using a millifluidic thin film pressure balance, developed for the study of viscous liquids, I report the formation of stratifications in very thin films. Theses stratifications have the same step hight than the characteristic length of the melt which we measured for the bulk, linked either to the size of the macromolecules or to micro-phase separation. The drainage and stability might be controlled by this stratified flow, but we still have to understand if it results from a simple confinement effect or from an interfacially driven micro-phase separation
Tran, Hoai-Phuong. "Foamability of Oil Mixtures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS117.
Full textFoaming in oil mixtures is a common problem, for example in electric motor gearboxes. Anti-foaming agents can be used, but it is important to understand how foam forms. Pure liquids do not form foams because of the short life of liquid films, where there is no effect against attractive van der Waals interactions. However, the effect at the origin of increased lifetimes of liquid films in oil mixtures, in the absence of other known stabilizing effects, has not been explained. This thesis proposes a mechanism for this increase. We have measured the lifetime of foams in binary mixtures of varying composition and bubble size. Experiments on single bubbles formed on the surface of a liquid bath allowed us to measure the thickness of the liquid film at the time of its rupture. We demonstrate the stabilizing effect is due to differences in species concentration between the volume and the interface with air: the liquid with the lowest surface tension has a slightly higher concentration at the interface and thus acts as a surfactant. We then show how these concentration differences are related to the non-linearities of the variations of the surface tension of the mixture with its composition and what are the consequences on the lifetimes of liquid films. Finally, we show that the surface rheology of these systems is simpler than that of soap films and propose a quantitative description of the formation, drainage and breakup of liquid films
Dupendant, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude de quelques aspects des nouveaux oxydes supraconducteurs : mise au point d'une enceinte d'élaboration de couches minces par ablation laser ; interaction magnétisme-supraconductivité dans certains composés massifs de la famille La2CuO4." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10042.
Full textGelin, Simon. "Dépôt de films d'oxyde de silicium par vaporisation sous vide : dynamique moléculaire et expériences." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1117/document.
Full textSilica thin films are widely used as low index layers in antireflective coatings. In the ophthalmic industry, they are deposited at ambient temperature, by electron beam vaporization. This process generates large compressive stresses which make the coatings susceptible to damage. It is thus crucial to understand how these stresses emerge. However, this problem is highly complex because many process parameters may play a role: substrate and residual gas properties, characteristics of the deposition chamber, of the electron gun, growth rate,… Moreover, these parameters may depend on each other and affect several phenomena at the same time. In this thesis, numerical simulations and experiments are performed in order to identifiy the mechanisms responsible for the generation of compressive stresses during film growth. The experiments reveal three regimes of growth, depending on the residual gas pressure. Near ultra high vacuum, where the effect of residual gas is negligible, films grow under compression. Then, as pressure increases, incorporation of gas species in the films slightly compresses them. Eventually, when pressure is high enough so that vaporized particles are slowed down by collisions with gas particles, the level of compression significantly decreases; this rapidly masks the incorporation effect. Molecular dynamics simulations allow us to explore the ideal vacuum limit. By depositing silica films in a vast ensemble of conditions, we find that their compressive state of stress is solely controlled by the mean kinetic energy of incident particles. Comparison with experiments suggests that this energy is equal to a few eV, which is at least ten times greater than predictions from the literature on deposition. This unexpected result leads us to refute the idea that electron beam vaporization would be equivalent to simple themal heating. We confirm this experimentally, by comparing films deposited from silicon monoxide either thermally evaporated or vaporized using an electron beam: the formers grow under tension while the latters under compression. Finally, we explain the ejection of particles of a few eV as coming from the very low electrical conductivity of silica: under electronic irradiation, charges accumulate at its surface and accelerate the charged vaporized particles by Coulombian repulsions
Scheid, Benoît. "Evolution and stability of falling liquid films with thermocapillary effects." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211185.
Full textIn the first part, we further investigate the Benney equation in its validity domain in the case of periodically inhomogeneous heating in the streamwise direction. It induces steady-state deformations of the free surface with increased transfer rate in regions where the film is thinner, and also in average. The inhomogeneities of the heating also modify the nature of travelling wave solutions at moderate temperature gradients and allows for suppressing wave motion at larger ones.
Moreover, large temperature gradients (for instance positive ones) in the streamwise direction produce large local film thickening that may in turn become unstable with respect to transverse disturbances such that the flow may organize in rivulet-like structures. The mechanism of such instability is elucidated via an energy analysis. The main features of the rivulet pattern are described experimentally and recovered by direct numerical simulations.
In the second part, various models are obtained, which are valid for larger Reynolds numbers than the Benney equation and account for second-order viscous and inertial effects. We then elaborate a strategy to select the optimal model in terms of linear stability properties and existence of nonlinear solutions (solitary waves), for the widest possible range of parameters. This model -- called reduced model -- is a system of three coupled evolution equations for the local film thickness h, the local flow rate q and the surface temperature Ts. Solutions of this model indicate that the interaction of the hydrodynamic and thermocapillary modes is non-trivial, especially in the region of large-amplitude solitary waves.
Finally, the three-dimensional evolution of the solutions of the reduced model in the presence of periodic forcing and noise compares favourably with available experimental data in isothermal conditions and with direct numerical simulations in non-isothermal conditions.
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Cette thèse analyse la dynamique d'un film mince s'écoulant le long d'une paroi chauffée. Le chauffage crée des gradients de tension superficielle qui induisent des tensions thermocapillaires à la surface libre, altérant ainsi la stabilité et l'évolution du film. Grâce à la cohérence de l'écoulement assurée par la viscosité, deux approches permettant de réduire la dimensionnalité du problème original sont habituellement considérées suivant le débit (mesuré par le nombre de Reynolds): l'approximation asymptotique dite `longues ondes' pour les faibles nombres de Reynolds et l'approximation `intégrale couche limite' pour les nombres de Reynolds modérés. Cependant, la première approximation souffre de singularités et la dernière de prédictions imprécises du seuil de stabilité des ondes hydrodynamiques à la surface du film. Le but de cette thèse est donc double: dans une première partie, il s'agit de déterminer, de manière quantitative, la validité de l'équation d'évolution `longues ondes' (ou équation de Benney) pour l'épaisseur du film h, en y incluant l'effet thermocapillaire; et dans une seconde partie, il s'agit d'améliorer l'approche `intégrale couche limite' en combinant un développement en gradients avec une méthode aux résidus pondérés.
Dans la première partie, nous étudions l'équation de Benney, dans son domaine de validité, dans le cas d'un chauffage inhomogène et périodique dans la direction de l'écoulement. Cela induit des déformations permanentes de la surface libre avec un accroissement du transfert de chaleur dans les régions où le film est plus mince, mais aussi en moyenne. Un chauffage inhomogène modifie également la nature des solutions d'ondes progressives pour des gradients de températures modérés et conduit même à leur suppression pour des gradients de températures plus importants. De plus, ceux-ci, lorsqu'ils sont par exemple positifs le long de l'écoulement, produisent des épaississements localisés du film qui peuvent à leur tour devenir instables par rapport à des perturbations suivant la direction transverse à l'écoulement. Ce dernier s'organise alors sous forme d'une structure en rivulets. Le mécanisme de cette instabilité est élucidé via une analyse énergétique des perturbations. Les principales caractéristiques des structures en rivulets sont décrites expérimentalement et retrouvées par l'intermédiaire de simulations numériques.
Dans la seconde partie, nous dérivons une famille de modèles valables pour des nombres de Reynolds plus grands que l'équation de Benney, qui prennent en compte les effets visqueux et inertiels du second ordre. Nous élaborons ensuite une stratégie pour sélectionner le modèle optimal en fonction de ses propriétés de stabilité linéaire et de l'existence de solutions non-linéaires (ondes solitaires), et ce pour la gamme de paramètres la plus large possible. Ce modèle -- appelé modèle réduit -- est un système de trois équations d'évolution couplées pour l'épaisseur locale de film h, le débit local q et la température de surface Ts. Les solutions de ce modèle indiquent que l'interaction des modes hydrodynamiques et thermocapillaires n'est pas triviale, spécialement dans le domaine des ondes solitaires de grande amplitude. Finalement, l'évolution tri-dimensionnelle des solutions du modèle réduit en présence d'un forçage périodique ou d'un bruit se compare favorablement aux données expérimentales disponibles en conditions isothermes, ainsi qu'aux simulations numériques directes en conditions non-isothermes
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Leroy, Samuel. "Les forces de surface dynamiques pour l'investigation mécanique des surfaces molles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610528.
Full textOdarchenko, Yaroslav. "Tailoring the mesoscopic structure and orientation of semicrystalline and liquid-crystalline polymers : from 1D- to 2D-confinement." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062091.
Full textLhuissier, Henri. "Nappes, trous, ligaments et gouttes." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600229.
Full textMASSON, MICHELE. "Etude par spectrometrie raman de films tres minces et d'interfaces." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066405.
Full textVan, Effenterre Damien. "Instabilités d'un film mince de nématique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066476.
Full textLavalle, Gianluca. "Modélisation d'un film liquide cisaillé par un écoulement de gaz par une approche intégrale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0051/document.
Full textIn many aerospace applications one can find liquid films sheared by a gas flow. In example, these liquid sheets can develop on aircraft wings, freeze and then destroy the aerodynamics performances. Waves can develop at the liquid-gas interface, and the correct analysis of such instabilities becomes very important to model this physical phenomenon. Indeed, instabilities mdify liquid-gas exchanges, such as mass and heat transfers. The aim of the present work consists in developing a technique to couple the liquid phase to the gas phase in order to reproduce the interactions at the interface. Since the liquid layer is much thinner then the gas, anintegral approach is used for modeling. Finally, two cases of a two-phase flow developing in a strictly confined channel and in a large channel are studied. Results are then compared to other reference methods which are more expensive in terms of computational cost
Tournier-Colletta, Cédric. "Etude par spectroscopies d'électrons d'interfaces métalliques et semiconductrices." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10109/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the electronic properties of low-dimensional systems based on metal and semiconducting materials. The first part deals with the Shockley state confinement in Ag(111) nanostructures, by means of very-low temperature (5 K) STM/STS measurements. We study the electronic structure and spatial distribution of the confined modes. Then the discrete nature of the electronic spectrum allows one to yield the quasiparticule lifetime. A Fermi-liquid behaviour is evidenced and we show that the dominant decay mechanism is attributed to the electron-phonon coupling. The extrinsic contribution arising from the partial confinement of the electronic wave is obtained as well. A scaling law with the nanostructure width is demonstrated, from which we deduce a higher reflection amplitude than in monoatomic islands. In the second part of the thesis, we study semiconducting ultra-thin films produced by alkali (K, Rb, Cs) deposition on the Si(111):B-[root of]3 surface. This work solves the controversy concerning the ground state of this system, and especially the nature of the 2[root of]3 surface recontruction obtained at saturation coverage. Prior understanding of the crystallographic structure allows to elucidate the electronic properties. We show that a one-electron picture, leading to a band insulator scenario, gives a good description of the system, in spite of strong polaronic effects. This conclusion results from an in-depth, combined study of complementary techniques (LEED, ARPES, XPS, STM/STS and DFT calculations)
Manin, Murielle. "Croissance de films minces de MgO par CVD et injection liquide : élaboration et modélisation." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0101.
Full textMagnesium oxide thin films are used in several manufacturing process like microelectronics or plasma display panels. For these applications, thin films must be deposited on large areas with low cost production. Direct Liquid MOCVD allows the growth at high pressure with high growth rates. The process has been developed for magnesia thin film deposition. The research strategy is supported by a cross-disciplinary approach involving processing and characterization of the films and modeling and simulation of simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Dense films have been processed with high growth rates at high pressure (5. 103 to 1. 105 Pa). The optimization of the process was first made by a parametric study. Microstructural characterizations (SEM, TEM, XRD) showed that the crystalline orientation is controlled by the growth rate. Analytical characterizations (XPS, RBS) allowed the evaluation of carbon contamination and of the stoichiometry of the layers. Numerical simulation of fluid mechanics and heat transfer within the reactor allowed the characterization and evaluation of the working of a complex gas injector. Chemical pathways including 3 competitive steps have been proposed. Then, this approach was coupled with the previous non-reactive model. Whereas the predictive character is limited to studied experimental range, it allowed the quantitative description of the different phenomena leading to deposition. This tool could contribute to the design of a new generation of reactor
Boutounet, Marc. "Modèles asymptotiques pour la dynamique d'un film liquide mince." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777981.
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