Journal articles on the topic 'Film plastic'
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Afiifah Radhiyatullah, Novita Indriani, and M. Hendra S. Ginting. "PENGARUH BERAT PATI DAN VOLUME PLASTICIZER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI KENTANG." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 4, no. 3 (September 29, 2015): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v4i3.1479.
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Bioplastics are plastics which can be degraded by microorganisms and is made from renewable materials. Plastic film is made from potato starch (contain of starch that founded in potatoes is 22-28%), glycerol as a plasticizer and acetic acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this reasearch is to determine glycerol variation and starch weight effect on the characteristics of potato starch plastic films. Manufacture of plastic films use blending starch method with potato starch weight variations (10 g, 15 g and 20 g) and glycerol volume variations (0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml). Bioplastic analysis are FTIR test, tensile strength that is supported by SEM analysis. The results obtained in the FTIR analysis does not form a new cluster on potato starch plastic film, neither on the plastic film with or without glycerol. FTIR results obtained in two plastic film are the change of OH, C = C, and CH groups strain. The strain value of OH group on potato starch is 3579.88 cm-1 turned into 2978.09 cm-1 for plastic film without glycerol while the plastic film with glycerol to be 3541.31 cm -1 and 2970.38 cm-1. C = C group is 1635.64 cm-1turned to 1697.36 cm -1 and 1697.36 cm -1. As for CH group is 2873.79 cm -1 turned to 2877.79 cm -1 and 2870.08 cm -1. And tensile strength of plastic film decreased with increasing glycerol volume. Maximum tensile strength of plastic film occurs when potato starch weight is 10 g and glycerol volume is 0 ml is 9.397 MPa. While SEM results obtained confirm on tensile strength plastic film, where there are voids, indentations and insoluble starch clump starch that can affect the value of tensile strength plastic film.
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Deden, Mohammad, Abdul Rahim, and Asrawaty Asrawaty. "SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA EDIBLE FILM PATI UMBI GADUNG PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI." Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v5i1.35.
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Today, the use of synthetic polymers as plastics has an important role in the economy of modern industrial society. Plastic packaging is often used as a food packaging material. However, the use of plastics can pollute the environment, because plastic is difficult to degrade naturally. One alternative to replacing the use of conventional plastics as food packaging is biodegradable plastic called edible film. The use of gadung tuber starch as a raw material for making edible films will not disturb food stability, because gadung is not consumed such as rice, corn and cassava. Gadung tubers are very good for edible film polymer materials containing high carbohydrates. Aim to determine the physical and chemical properties of the edible film starch of gadung tubers at various concentrations. The conclusion is that the optimum conditions for making edible films are good at 6% starch concentration with KA 11.50% and an average thickness of 0.13 mm.
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Bani, Marsi D. S. "Variasi Volume Gliserol terhadap Sifat Fisis Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Cranz)." Al-Khwarizmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 7, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/jpmipa.v7i1.678.
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Abstract:The use of starch as the main ingredient in making plastic has great potential especially in Indonesia with various starch-producing plants. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added with glycerol plasticizer, so that the plastic is more flexible and elastic. In this study, cassava starch (Manihot esculenta cranz) was used and the volume of glycerol as plasticizer was varied by 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml. The aim to be achieved in this study was to determine the volume variation of glycerol against the tensile strength of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. In addition, to find out what is the density of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. Cassava starch was obtained by isolating cassava starch 15 grams and then mixed with 2 ml glycerol (varied 3 ml and 4 ml) and 50 ml of aquades then heated while stirring with magnetic stirrer to form a thick dough. The mixture is then printed on a stainless steel mold. The results obtained in the form of thin sheets of plastic film that has been tested for tensile strength and density. After that followed by morphological analysis. The results of the biodegradable plastic characterization for tensile strength of plastic films with volume variations of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively as follows: 0.001 Mpa 0.069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. For the density of biodegradable plastics for variations in volume of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively 0.0009 g / mm3, 0.0015 g / mm3 and 0.0014 g / mm3.Abstrak:Penggunaan pati sebagai bahan utama pembuatan plastik memiliki potensi yang besar terlebih lagi di Indonesia terdapat berbagai tanaman penghasil pati. Untuk memperoleh bioplastik, pati ditambahkan dengan plastisizer gliserol, sehingga diperoleh plastik yang lebih fleksible dan elastis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta cranz) dan volume gliserol sebagai plastisizer divariasikan sebanyak 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi volume Gliserol terhadap kuat tarik film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Selain itu untuk mengetahui berapa densitas film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Pati ubi kayu diperoleh dengan mengisolasi pati ubi kayu 15 gram kemudian dicampurkan dengan 2 ml gliserol (divariasikan 3 ml dan 4 ml) dan 50 ml aquades kemudian dipanaskan sambil diaduk dengan magnetik stirerr hingga berbentuk adonan yang kental. Campuran tersebut kemudian dicetak pada cetakan stainless steel. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa lembaran tipis film plastik yang telah diuji kekuatan tarik dan densitasnya. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisa morfologi. Hasil karakterisasi plastik biodegradable untuk kuat tarik film plastik dengan variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 0.001 Mpa 0,069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. Untuk densitas dari plastik biodegradable untuk variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut adalah 0.0009 g/mm3, 0.0015 g/mm3 dan 0.0014 g/mm3.
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Sikora, Janusz, Łukasz Majewski, and Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties: Part I." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081986.
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This paper presents a characterization of a plastic extrusion process and the selected properties of three biodegradable plastic types, in comparison with LDPE (low-density polyethylene). The four plastics include: LDPE, commercial name Malen E FABS 23-D022; potato starch based plastic (TPS-P), BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C), BioComp®BF 01HP; and a polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA), BioComp®BF 7210. Plastic films with determined geometric parameters (thickness of the foil layer and width of the flattened foil sleeve) were produced from these materials (at individually defined processing temperatures), using blown film extrusion, by applying different extrusion screw speeds. The produced plastic films were tested to determine the geometrical features, MFR (melt flow rate), blow-up ratio, draw down ratio, mass flow rate, and exit velocity. The tests were complemented by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical structure analysis. It was found that the biodegradable films were extruded at higher rate and mass flow rate than LDPE; the lowest thermal stability was ascertained for the film samples extruded from TPS-C and TPS-P, and that all tested biodegradable plastics contained polyethylene.
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Sikora, Janusz W., Łukasz Majewski, and Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties Part II." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102523.
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Four different plastics were tested: potato starch based plastic (TPS-P)–BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C)–BioComp BF 01HP; polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA)—BioComp BF 7210 and low density polyethylene, trade name Malen E FABS 23-D022; as a petrochemical reference sample. Using the blown film extrusion method and various screw rotational speeds, films were obtained and tested, as a result of which the following were determined: breaking stress, strain at break, static and dynamic friction coefficient of film in longitudinal and transverse direction, puncture resistance and strain at break, color, brightness and gloss of film, surface roughness, barrier properties and microstructure. The biodegradable plastics tested are characterized by comparable or even better mechanical strength than petrochemical polyethylene for the range of film blowing processing parameters used here. The effect of the screw rotational speed on the mechanical characteristics of the films obtained was also demonstrated. With the increase in the screw rotational speed, the decrease of barrier properties was also observed. No correlation between roughness and permeability of gases and water vapor was shown. It was indicated that biodegradable plastics might be competitive for conventional petrochemical materials used in film blowing niche applications where cost, recyclability, optical and water vapor barrier properties are not critical.
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Miao, Lixiang, Yuchao Zhang, Xiaofang Yang, Jinping Xiao, Huiqin Zhang, Ming Jiang, Zuofa Zhang, Yuezhi Wang, and Guihua Jiang. "Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, Related Genes, and Enzyme Activities in Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) Grown under Colored Plastic Films." HortScience 52, no. 9 (September 2017): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12062-17.
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The influence of colored plastic films (red, yellow, green, blue, and white) on fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and gene transcripts was studied in greenhouse-grown strawberries. Fruits grown under white plastic film were used as the controls. Results indicated that there was no difference in single fruit weight due to colored plastic films in the present study. The colored plastic films had significant effects on sugar and organic acid content. The content of total sugar (SUG) was increased by 10.39% and total organic acid (ACID) was decreased by 16.58% in fruit grown under blue plastic film compared with the controls. Fruit grown under blue plastic film had significantly higher SUG content and lower ACID content than fruit subjected to yellow and green plastic films and had the highest SUG/ACID ratio of 11.46. Colored plastic films had significant effects on bioactive compound (anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic) content and antioxidant capacity. The highest level of bioactive compound content was detected under red plastic film. The content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanin (TAC) in fruits grown under red plastic film was respectively 23.10%, 25.37%, and 74.11% higher than that of the fruits grown under the control. The antioxidant capacities were highest in fruits grown under red plastic film. Fruits grown under red and yellow films had higher sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) activity than those fruit covered with green, blue, and white plastic films at whole fruit development stages. Acid invertase (AI) activity was high in fruit grown under green plastic film and declined during development. Blue plastic film had mainly increased the FaSPS and FaAI transcript at the green stage, and decreased the expression of FaSS. It is proposed that colored plastic films can regulate the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, especially FaPAL, FaF3H, FaFGT, and FaMYB10, at half-red and red stages.
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Caballa, Franz Joy A., and Melinda C. Getalado. "Plastic Film from Dioscorea Hispida Dennst KOROT Tuber." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22936.
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An, Bingbing. "Delamination of Stiff Films on Pressure Sensitive Ductile Substrates." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 02 (March 2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500145.
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Stiff thin films supported by pressure sensitive ductile solids are an ubiquitous architecture appearing in a wide range of applications. The film rupture and delamination of films are important reliability issues of such an architecture. In this study, we investigate the synergistic effects of plastic deformation of substrates and fracture properties of film/substrate interface on the delamination of films. The focus of this study is on the interplay between the debonding of the interface and the plastic deformation of substrates. Finite deformation analyses are carried out for a stiff film deposited on a soft substrate with the substrate subjected to stretching. The fracture process of film/substrate interface is represented by a cohesive zone model, and the substrate is modeled as an elastic–plastic solid with pressure sensitive and plastically dilatant plastic flow. It is found that increasing the degree of pressure sensitivity of substrate can generate large plastic deformation, promoting crack tip blunting and thereby retarding delamination of film/substrate interface. Whereas, the increase in the degree of plastic dilatancy of substrate gives rise to the limited plastic deformation and leads to poor resistance to interface delamination. The strain hardening of substrate also affects the film/substrate debonding; the substrate with weakly post-yield strain hardening behavior contributes to enhanced resistance to interface delamination. It is further identified that the fracture properties of interface play an important role in activating plastic deformation of substrates. The film/substrate interface with high stiffness, large cohesive strength and high toughness enables the substrate to undergo significant plastic deformation, which suppresses the film/substrate delamination.
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Heitzmann, Michael T., Meng Hou, Martin Veidt, and Rowan Paton. "Measurements of Interface Fracture Strength between Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates and Thin Surface Films Using the Blister Test." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.315.
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The blister test is a promising test method to determine the interface fracture toughness of thin films adhering to rigid fibre reinforced plastics. In this paper nonlinear finite element analysis is used to determine a suitable layout for both the shaft loaded and the pressurised blister test. On the example of a PET film adhering to a quasi-isotropic fibre reinforced plastic, it is shown that energy release rates in a range of 0-1500N/m can be obtained for a 0.5mm thick film if test parameters are carefully selected. The two main causes for deviations of the analytic solution from the FEA results is attributed to infringement of the membrane limit condition and plastic deformation in the film.
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Alfrey, T. "Plastic film technology." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia 51, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070510115.
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Brandt, Thorsten. "Cutting Plastic Film." Laser Technik Journal 13, no. 5 (October 2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201600032.
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KATSURA, Tadahiko. "Plastic Film Materials." Kobunshi 46, no. 7 (1997): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.46.491.
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Han, Yanan, Min Wei, Xiaoyan Shi, Dong Wang, Xulong Zhang, Yangyang Zhao, Meng Kong, Xin Song, Zhongkui Xie, and Fengmin Li. "Effects of Tensile Stress and Soil Burial on Mechanical and Chemical Degradation Potential of Agricultural Plastic Films." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197985.
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Plastic film mulching is widely practiced in arid and semiarid farming systems, but the accumulation of plastic residues in soils can negatively affect soil properties. Therefore, efficient means of plastic film degradation are urgently needed to mitigate its unfriendly environmental impacts for sustainable land use. Here, we characterized the effects of tensile stress (TS) and soil burial (SB) on potential degradation properties of three film types: Polyethylene film (PEF), oxo-biodegradable film (OBDF), and biodegradable film (BDF). Weight loss, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, functional groups, and crystallinity were recorded after TS and SB treatments. The results indicated that: (1) Weight loss of plastic films was associated with SB, although the extent of weight loss depended on film type and was highest in BDF, (2) application of TS before SB weakened the mechanical properties of the films and increased their hydrophilicity, creating favorable conditions for the settlement of microorganisms on the film surface, (3) PEF treated with TS and SB had higher functional group indices and lower crystallinity. Our results highlighted that the combination of TS and SB has the potential to accelerate plastic film degradation.
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SHAH JAHAN, Mohammad, Dulal Md SARKAR, Rajesh CHAKRABORTY, Abul Hasnat MUHAMMAD SOLAIMAN, Asma AKTER, Sheng SHU, and Shirong GUO. "Impacts of Plastic Filming on Growth Environment, Yield Parameters and Quality Attributes of Lettuce." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10410342.
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The condition of soil and microclimate are prerequisite for proper growth and development of a plant. The environment may be mediated by artificial filming with different colored polyethylene. The mechanism of lettuce growing under colored plastic film remains largely unknown. Thus, to investigate the impact of different plastic film on the growth environment, yield parameters and phytochemical properties of lettuce, the present study was performed. Five different colored polyethylene films viz. black, white, blue, olive and silver were used as a treatment factor, in filed condition. The results demonstrated that the soil pH, temperature and overall performance of lettuce, as well as the phytochemical composition, varied within the use of different films. The maximum soil pH and temperature were found under black filming plots. Additionally, the black colored plastic film exhibited the best values for most of the yield parameters studied over other plastic films, whereas the field with non-plastic film condition showed the worst data in the experiment. Phytochemical concentrations and nutritive value of lettuce were also significantly affected by the colored plastic treatments. Furthermore, the chlorophyll, anthocyanin, phenols and carotenoids contents were increased in plants grown in soil covered with black polyethylene. Vitamin C content was of 2.5 fold higher in the plants grown in the black film compared to control conditions. The application of plastic film led to elevated concentrations of macro and micronutrients in lettuce because of the direct effect of modified radiation under the plastic film. Taken together, it can be concluded that plastic filming could be used to enhance the yield and nutritional status of lettuce in natural plant production facilities.
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Zulisma Anita, Fauzi Akbar, and Hamidah Harahap. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i2.1437.
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Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days.
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ANTU, MUHAMMAD YUSUF, ROKHANI HASBULLAH, and USMAN AHMAD. "PENGGUNAAN FILM PLASTIK UNTUK KEMASAN KELAPA KOPYOR." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 21, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.99-107.
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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Kelapa kopyor memiliki kandungan gizi yang penting, seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, dan asam lemak. Selama penyimpanan kelapa kopyor mudah mengalami kerusakan karena proses oksidasi dan hidrolisis lemak. Hal ini menyebabkan kelapa kopyor mengalami ketengikan dan perubahan warna dari putih menjadi kuning kecoklatan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan pengemasan dengan film plastik dan menyimpannya pada suhu dingin. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk Memberikan informasi mengenai keefektifan film plastik untuk penyimpanan daging kelapa kopyor. Bahan penelitian adalah kelapa kopyor dari Kalianda (Lampung Selatan). Kelapa kopyor dikemas film plastik jenis Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), dan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Arameter mutu yang dianalisis adalah Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), asam lemak bebas (ALB), total padatan terlarut (TPT), pH, total mikrob, kadar lemak, serta uji organoleptik warna, aroma, dan rasa. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah film plastik dengan tiga taraf (PA, PP, HDPE), dan faktor kedua adalah suhu dengan dua taraf (5 ± 2 dan 10 ± 2 <sup>o</sup>C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis film plastik PA pada penyimpanan suhu 5 ± 2 <sup>o</sup>C merupakan kemasan yang efektif dalam mempertahankan mutu kelapa kopyor hingga enam hari, yang dibuktikan dengan rendahnya total mikrob, TBA, dan ALB. Selain itu, panelis masih menyukai kelapa kopyor dari warna, aroma dan rasa.</p><p>Kata kunci: kelapa kopyor, plastik film, mutu, suhu, waktu penyimpanan</p><p> </p><p>The Usage of Plastic Film for Kopyor Coconut Packaging </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Kopyor coconut contains important nutrients, such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fatty acids. During storage kopyor coconut is easily suffered damage, because of oxidizing and fat hydrolysis processes. The processes cause kopyor coconut suffered rancidity and color change from white to brownish-yellow. Packaging kopyor coconut with plastic film and keep it in a cool temperature could overcome this problem. The aim of the research was to provide information the effectiveness of plastic films for kopyor coconut storage. Research material was kopyor coconut obtained from Kalianda (South Lampung). Kopyor coconut packaged in plastic film type Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The quality parameters observed were Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA), pH, total soluble solid (TSS), pH, total microbes, fat content, and sensory characteristics including color, flavor, and taste. This research used Randomized Complete Design with two factors. The first factor was the packaging material with three different types (PA, PP, HDPE), and the second factor was the storage temperature at two levels of 5 ± 2 and 10 ± 2 <sup>o</sup>C. The results showed that the type of plastic film packaging PA at storage temperature 5 ± 2 <sup>o</sup>C is effective in maintaining the quality of kopyor coconut up to six days, as evidenced bythe low total microbe, TBA, and ALB. In addition, panelists still like kopyor coconut of color aroma and taste.</p>
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Ratnawati, Ratnawati, Retno Wulandari, Andri Cahyo Kumoro, and Hadiyanto Hadiyanto. "Response Surface Methodology for Formulating PVA/Starch/Lignin Biodegradable Plastic." Emerging Science Journal 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2022): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-06-02-03.
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The use of petroleum-based plastics has raised environmental issues as more plastic waste enters and accumulates in the environment. It has led to the development of biodegradable plastics. Starch is one of the potential materials to make biodegradable plastic, but starch-based plastic has poor mechanical strength. Blending starch with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignin is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the plastic. Biodegradable plastic films from PVA/starch/lignin blends with glycerol as a plasticizer were prepared using an internal mixer for compounding and a hot press molding machine for film making. The percentage of lignin (2-10%), glycerol (25-65%), and mixing temperature (190-230 oC) were varied according to the three levels of the Box-Behnken design. The ANOVA evaluation revealed that glycerol had the most significant effect on the mechanical properties of the film. Then, three models for the estimation of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear resistance were developed. As expected, the models satisfactorily predict the effect of all input variables on the response variables. The optimum conditions for preparing the film were acquired from the equations, namely 197.6 oC for the temperature, 10% for lignin, and 45.1% for glycerol. The biodegradable plastic prepared using the optimum conditions possessed a tensile strength of 8.46 ± 1.08 MPa, an elongation at break of 139.00 ± 8.59%, and a tear resistance of 69.50 ± 2.50 N/mm. These values are in good agreement with the predicted values. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-03 Full Text: PDF
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Dewi, Asiska Permata, Erizal Zaini, and Akmal Djamaan. "MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS FILM CONTAINING OF POLYSTIRENE, POLYCAPROLACTONE, POLY(3-HIDROKSIBUTYRATE-CO-3- HIDROXYVALERATE) AND BIODEGRADATION STUDY IN OCEAN WATER." Jurnal Riset Kimia 7, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v7i2.167.
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ABSTRACTThe manufacture of a biodegradable plastics film containing of polymer synthetic polystyrene(PS) and biopolymer of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HB-ko-3HV)] and biodegradation study in ocean water has been carried out. Plastics filmcontaining of PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) produced by blending techniques followed by solventcasting with ratios were of 100/0/0, 95/5/0, 95/0/5, 90/5/5, 85/10/5, 85/5/10. This testing wasconducted based on immersion test method recommend by American Society for Testing andMaterials. Poly blend plastics film PS/PCL/P(3HB-ko-3HV) were characterized by tensilestrength, thermal properties and SEM analysis. The profiles of the rate biodegradation view byweight reduction of the tested plastic film for 1-7 weeks period. Tensile strength analysisshowed the decreasing of tensile strength with the addition of P(3HB-ko-3HV). Thermalanalysis showed a decreasing in the melting point with the addition of PCL and P(3HB-co-3HV). SEM micrograph showed the destruction occurred and erosion at surface of plastic filmduring observation time. The rate of biodegradation showed that increasing of PCL and P (3HBco-3HV) in a mixture of plastic film, so biodegradation increased.Keywords: polystyrene, polycaprolactone, poly(3-hidroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),biodegradation, film plastic.
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Neelam, Asia, Shagufta Ishteyaq, Omm-e. Hany, and Syed Junaid Mahmood. "A Comparitive Study of Physical Behaviour and Biodegradation of Metalized and Non-Metalized Polypropylene Films." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.11.
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The goal of this study was to analyze the physical properties of metalized and non metalized cast PolyPropylene (CPP) plastic films with respect to its degradation and environmental pollution. The PP films of 20 microns were produced by standard cast film extrusion process i.e. metalized PP films coated by aluminium and others without any coating. The samples were manufactured at an industry which produces food grade plastics made by a cast co-extrusion process. Physical properties like Tensile strength, Oxygen transmission rate and water vapour transmission rate measured as per ASTM standard. Results show that non-metallized film has a range of WVTR 6-8g/m2/day and OTR range 2300-2500cc/m²/atm/day. However, metalized PP film shows about 50% to 80%improvement in the OTR and WVTR. It has been proven that metallization with aluminium has improved the physical properties but affect the rate of degradation. In the current study, the extent of degradation of plastic by fungal colonization(Aspergillus and Pencilliumspp) was measured by the structure investigation using FTIR spectroscopy, results indicate fewer changes in the peak after exposed to the fungi in synthetic media. The spectrum peak in the control on non-metalized film observes at 37736 cm-1, 38913 cm-1 and 6742 cm-1, which are absent after degradation. Similarly in metalized plastic peaks at 3779.8 cm-1, 3771.1 cm-1 , 2357.2 cm-1 and 2007.2 cm-1 were disappeared after degradation. This variation in peaks indicates fungi use the plastic as the source of carbon. These samples were tested for their degradation properties with respect to the physical properties. Both samples took for 30 days of degradation. It is found that non-metalized films degraded effectively in the mean period of time.
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Seo, Jong Hyun, Jae Hong Jeon, and Hee Hwan Choe. "Prevention of Thin Film Failures for PECVD Amorphous-Si on Plastic Substrate." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.387.
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Amorphous silicon thin films were deposited below 160oC on PES plastic films using PECVD. After thin film deposition using PECVD, thin film failures such as film delamination and cracking often occurred. For successful growth of thin films (about 2000 Å) without their failures, it is necessary to solve the critical problem related to the internal compressive stress (some GPa) leading to delamination at a threshold thickness value of the films. The Griffith’s theory explains the failure process by looking at the excess of elastic energy inside the film, which overcomes the cohesive energy between film and substrate. In this work, reducing a-Si layer film thickness and optimizing a barrier SiNx layer have produced stable a-Si films at 150oC, over PES substrates.
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Deng, Lu, Yang Yu, Haiyan Zhang, Qian Wang, and Ruide Yu. "The Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film on the Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton and Maize in an Arid Region." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 7039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247039.
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Plastic residual film pollution in China is severe, and the use of degradable mulch film instead of plastic mulch can effectively alleviate this situation. The substitution of common polyethylene plastic mulch film with biodegradable mulch film in the agricultural production of cotton and maize in an arid region was investigated in the present study. Using bare soil as the control, we compared the effects of common polyethylene plastic film and biodegradable mulch film on crop growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in maize and cotton. The results indicated that: (1) the biodegradable mulch film in this region remained intact for 60 days after being laid down, significantly degrading after 120 days, and was associated with increased soil temperature, moisture conservation, and degradability in comparison to a bare soil control; (2) Both the biodegradable mulch film and the polyethylene plastic film significantly increased various physiological parameters, such as crop height, stalk diameter, and leaf area; (3) The biodegradable mulch film had a significant effect on crop yield by 69.4–76.2% and 65.2–71.9%, respectively, compared to the bare soil control. (4) Compared to the bare soil control, the biodegradable mulch film effectively increased WUE in the crops by 64.5–73.1%. In summary, biodegradable mulch film had comparable results to the common polyethylene plastic film in increasing crop growth, yield, and WUE. As the biodegradable mulch film causes no residual pollution, it is thus preferable to common plastic mulch film for agricultural applications in arid regions and supports the sustainable development of agroecosystems. Therefore, the use of degradable mulch films in agricultural production is more environmentally friendly and more conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural systems.
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Permata Dewi, Asiska, and Yulia Yesti. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PLASTIK MENJADI KEMASAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN SERTA UJI BIODEGRADASINYA." JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science) 1, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jops.v1i2.492.
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Manufacturing of prototype of plastics film for a biodegradable packaging from a mixture of polymer synthetic polystyrene (PS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) has been carried out. Plastics film containing of PS/PCL created by blending techniques followed by solvent casting, the ratios were 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15. The resulting of plastic film is a clear sheet with an average thickness of 0.03 cm. The biodegradation rate profile was observed by soil burial test method to see the weight reduction of the plastic films tested for a certain period of time. The results showed that the biodegradation rate profile increased with the addition of PCL with the t50% in the 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15 ratios respectively being 352.33; 91.19; 71.97 and 59.85 weeks, and t95% in the 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15 ratios were respectively 677.01; 177.32; 139.43 and 115.79 weeks. Furthermore, the number of microbes present in each gram of soil is 1.83 x 105.
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Kramer, D. E., A. A. Volinsky, N. R. Moody, and W. W. Gerberich. "Substrate effects on indentation plastic zone development in thin soft films." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 11 (November 2001): 3150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0434.
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Plastic zone evolution in Al–2 wt% Si metal films on silicon and sapphire substrates was studied using nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was used to measure the extent of plastic pileup, which is a measure of the plastic zone radius in the film. It was found that the plastic zone size develops in a self-similar fashion with increasing indenter penetration when normalized by the contact radius, regardless of film hardness or underlying substrate properties. This behavior was used to develop a hardness model that uses the extent of the plastic zone radius to calculate a core region within the indenter contact that is subject to an elevated contact pressure. AFM measurements also indicated that as film thickness decreases, constraint imposed by the indenter and substrate traps the film thereby reducing the pileup volume.
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Chiu, Chui Yu, Yi Lin, Yu Chi Tseng, and Yung Kang Shen. "Optimal Processing for Hydrophobic Nanopillar Polymer Surfaces Using Nanoporous Alumina Template." Advanced Materials Research 646 (January 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.84.
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Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are fabricated using an anodization method. The mean diameters of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide templates are 100 nm and 200 nm by various processing parameters of the anodization method. A molded plastic thin film nanostructure is fabricated by nanoimprinting using the AAO template as a mold. The surface properties of the molded plastic thin film are discussed using various nanoimprinting process parameters. Contact angles of the molded plastic thin film with the nanostructure exceed those without the nanostructure. The molded plastic thin films with a nanostructure and a hydrophobic surface are formed, and their contact angles exceed 90°.
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Wellner, P., G. Dehm, O. Kraft, and E. Arzt. "Size effects in the plastic deformation of NiAl thin films." International Journal of Materials Research 95, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2004-0145.
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Abstract This paper presents the first study of the plastic behavior of NiAl thin films with thicknesses in the micron and sub-micron range. The influence of geometrical and microstructural constraints was studied for different Al contents (45 to 50 at.% Al) and film thicknesses (0.2 to 3.1 μm) in the temperature range from 20 to 700 °C. The films were deposited on Si substrates and subjected to temperature changes resulting in thermal strains of up to 0.84%. The stress evolution in the films was measured by the substrate curvature method. The residual stress at room temperature of nearstoichiometric NiAl films significantly increased with decreasing film thickness indicating an increase of the film strength. At temperatures above 400 °C strong stress relaxation was found, which was more pronounced in thinner films suggesting the contribution of diffusional creep processes. The existence of a critical film thickness is suggested at which a transition from diffusion-controlled to dislocation-controlled plasticity occurs. The results have potential implications for the reliability of NiAl films as protective coatings in thermal engines.
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Imaekhai, Lawrence. "Design and Fabrication of a Plastic Film Granulating Machine." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v1i2.27.
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Plastic film granulating machine is an industrial machine used for reducing plastic materials, mostly for grinding plastic into granules of uniform sizes for further processing either into new plastic shapes or recycled back to its parental source. This paper presents the use of locally sourced materials for realising the same machine; reducing its size and cost, while maintaining high efficiency, as well as decrease in vibration and increased shear efficiency with uniform size of granules. The machine consists of the hopper, the grinding chamber in which contains the shaft and cutting blades with a discharge unit. The plastic film granulator has a capacity of granulating 1kg of recycled plastic in 1h at 75% efficiency, a working revolution of 3000rpm, and power rating of 5.5hp engine. The machine works by principle of shearing, power is transferred from the motor to the granulating shaft with the aid of a transmission coupler that connects them. The inlet plastics are granulated until the desired size is achieved, small enough to pass through the discharge screen.
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Chang, Shun-Hsien, Ying-Ju Chen, Hsiang-Jung Tseng, Hsin-I. Hsiao, Huey-Jine Chai, Kuo-Chung Shang, Chorng-Liang Pan, and Guo-Jane Tsai. "Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan–Polylactate Fabricated Plastic Film and Its Application on the Preservation of Fish Fillet." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050696.
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This research prepared chitosan–PLA plastic films by extrusion, analyzed the physical and mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of the fabricated plastic films, and used them to preserve grouper fillet. We added chitosan (220 kDa, 93% DD) in the weight ratio of 0.5–2% into the PLA to prepare the chitosan–PLA films. With the increasing chitosan dosage, both the water vapor transmission rate and moisture content of chitosan–PLA films increased. Among the three doses of chitosan (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) added to PLA, 0.5% chitosan–PLA film had the highest antibacterial activity. This plastic film had an inhibitory efficiency of over 95% against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus. The action of covering the fish fillet with 0.5% chitosan–PLA film significantly reduced several microbes’ counting (i.e., mesophiles, psychrophiles, coliforms, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Vibrio) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) value in the grouper fillets stored at 4 °C. Thus, such action prolongs the fish fillets’ shelf life to up to at least nine days, and this 0.5% chitosan–PLA film shows promising potential for preserving refrigerated fish.
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KATSURA, Tadahiko. "Packaging Films : Plastic Film Materials for Food Preservation." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 102, no. 962 (1999): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.102.962_44.
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Jai, Junaidah, Siti Fatma Abd Karim, Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki, Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdol Aziz, Farhana Wahet, and Nadiah Shafiqah Shaharuddin. "Physico-mechanical and water absorption properties of LDPE/cassava starch film." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v4i2.13825.
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Plastic waste is a global crisis, and Malaysia is the 8th worst country worldwide for plastic waste. With this trend, growing market demands for green product have imposed pressure on industries to find an alternative to petroleum-based plastic. Degradable plastic is introduced to overcome this limitation. The present work investigates degradable plastic film of low-density polyethylene incorporated with cassava starch (LDPE-CS). The compounding of the LDPE-CS was prepared via pre-mixing, blending, resin crushing, and film hot pressing. Film thickness, tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, and field test were conducted on the LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE (control). Experimental data of LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE films were evaluated and compared. Thickness of LDPE-CS film was 0.18 mm which was 51% thicker than the control film. Tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-CS were 7.04 MPa and 5.39%, while control film was 12.77 MPa and 921.5%, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-SC were significantly lower than the control film, which may be due to the weak interface between LDPE and starch. The water absorption test revealed that the LDPE-CS film absorbed water by 4.8%, which indicates its degradability in the water. The field test shows that the LDPE-CS is biodegradable and comparable with the commercial plant polybag in terms of its capability in planting.
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Wu, Ji Liang, Xue Gang Luo, Hong Ping Zhang, and Xiao Yan Lin. "Effect of PE Film Degradation Products on the Carbon Dioxide Content of Soil: A Mathematical Study." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.85.
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The increasing use of the PE plastic film means increasing problems of the soil environmental destroy. In order to investigate the effect of PE film degradation products on the carbon dioxide content of soil, degradation products of the PE film with different molecular weight were added in three kinds of soil respectively, and corns were cultivated in the soil. FTIR gas checkout equipment was utilized to monitor changes of the carbon dioxide content of the different soil. A Mathematical model was built with the recorded data to depict variation of the carbon dioxide content. The results showed that the CO2 content is high in the sandy soil with degradation products of PE plastic films (molecular weight of 5000 Da) . It is also high in the clay soil and loam soil with degradation products of PE (molecular weight of 2000 Da). Compared to the control group (LLDPE), it can be found that small molecular weight PE plastic films have a greater effect on the CO2 content. Thus, it is deduced that small molecular weight PE plastic films are degradable in the soil.
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STRANTZ, A. A., and E. A. ZOTTOLA. "Bacterial Survival on Lean Beef and Bologna Wrapped With Cornstarch-Containing Polyethylene Film." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.10.782.
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Cornstarch-containing plastic films could be used to package foods if the presence of cornstarch had no adverse effect on food safety. The survival of pathogenic bacteria on meat samples that had been wrapped with cornstarch-containing plastic film was evaluated. Cornstarch-containing polyethylene film and control polyethylene film were used to cover lean beef and bologna that had been inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Additional samples were prepared in which inoculum was applied to the outer surface of plastic-covered meat. Samples were stored at 4 and 21°C. Bacterial recovery from meat samples indicated that survival was not enhanced by the presence of cornstarch. No migration through polyethylene film or cornstarch-containing polyethylene film into lean meat or bologna was observed. These results indicated that, from a microbiological viewpoint, cornstarch-containing polyethylene film could be successfully used to package foods.
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Wilson, Sandra B., and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Growth Regulation of Sub-Tropical Perennials by Photoselective Plastic Films." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.2.65.
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Abstract Plant response to photoselective plastic films with varying spectral distribution properties was tested using three sub-tropical perennials: golden shrimp plant (Pachystachys lutea), Persian shield (Strobilanthes dyerianus), and cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus). Films were designated YXE-10 [far-red (FR) light-absorbing film] and SXE-4 [red (R) light absorbing film]. Light transmitted through YXE-10 films reduced plant height (stem length) of golden shrimp plant and cat whiskers by 10 and 20%, respectively. Light transmitted through SXE-4 films increased plant height by 9% for golden shrimp plant but did not significantly increase stem length of Persian shield and cat whiskers species. Chlorophyll, leaf area, and mean days to flower generally were not affected by photoselective films, with the exception that cat whisker plants grown under YXE-10 films had reduced leaf area when compared to plants grown under SXE-4 or control films. As compared to the control film, light transmitted through YXE-10 films reduced leaf dry weight by 22–31% and stem dry weight by 19–28%, depending on the plant species. Root dry weight was not affected by spectral films.
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KALKHORAN, SALMON M., NUWONG CHOLLACOOP, and ANDREW GOULDSTONE. "EFFECTS OF PLASTIC ANISOTROPY AND HARDENING ON INDENTATION MODULUS OF THIN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064186.
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In this study we have modeled the Berkovich indentation response of elastic-plastic thin films on elastic-plastic substrates, the modulus of film and substrate being equivalent, using FEM. The stimulus for this investigation was experimental indentation data of rapidly quenched nickel thin films on stainless steel substrates, for which depth-dependent, significantly low (>50% decrease) moduli were extracted via the Oliver-Pharr method. This was notable because both film and substrate had the same elastic modulus. Previous studies showed that differences in plastic behavior could elicit such a modulus drop, for extremely hard films on substrates. In this study, we performed further FEM models to explore the modulus decrease, using aspects of continuum plastic behavior that could be hypothesized from microstructural observations. Specifically, we used plastic anisotropy and significant delayed hardening that would be expected from the nano-scale, highly columnar grain structure as input, and results showed a significant modulus decrease for reasonable values of hardness.
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Gill, Harsimran K., Robert McSorley, and Danielle D. Treadwell. "Comparative Performance of Different Plastic Films for Soil Solarization and Weed Suppression." HortTechnology 19, no. 4 (January 2009): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.4.769.
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Soil solarization is an important practice for small-acreage farmers and home gardeners and is used commercially in areas with high solar radiation and air temperature during the summer. In this technique, clear plastic films are used to increase soil temperature to manage soil-borne plant pests such as insects, diseases, nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Several different kinds of plastic films were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 for durability, weather tolerance, and weed suppression. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. In 2007, treatments were four clear plastic films including: ISO, VeriPack, Poly Pak, Bromostop®, and a white plastic control. In 2008, treatments were Polydak®, Poly Pak, Bromostop®, and white plastic. Films were evaluated for weed suppression based on the population density of weeds that emerged through breaks in the plastic, for durability in terms of number and size of breaks in the films, and for the total exposed soil area resulting from breaks. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was the major weed problem throughout both years. In both years, total exposed area was greater with white plastic and Bromostop® (81.5 ft2/bed) compared with other plastic films (<21.5 ft2/bed). Due to their durability, Poly Pak, ISO, and VeriPack suppressed nutsedge more than Bromostop and white plastic. Although a number of very small (<0.75 inch long) breaks were observed in Polydak® plastic film, they never increased in size, and this plastic film remained intact throughout the experiment and provided excellent weed control.
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Zeng, Lu Sheng, Zhen Feng Zhou, and Yan Xi Shi. "Environmental Problems and Control Ways of Plastic Film in Agricultural Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2187.
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People use plastic film mulching to increase soil temperature, keep water and protect crops from insects and grass, therefore, which increased crop yield. However, with the film used years increasing, a lot of film residuals accumulated in the field. As a result, the increasing residuals destroyed soil structure, affected agricultural environment, harmed the crop growth, and furthermore, affected the food safety and human health. So, government should strengthen environmental publicity to improve the understanding of the film pollution, work out the residual film management laws and regulations, develop the recycling economy to reuse the residuals, and research biodegradable films and other ways to prevent agricultural environment from pollution.
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Kanda, Toshimitsu, and Hiromu Hashimoto. "Winding Theory of Plastic Film." Seikei-Kakou 24, no. 6 (May 20, 2012): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.24.299.
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Ishitani, Takasuke. "High Gas Permeability Plastic Film." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 68, no. 9 (1994): 1310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.68.1310.
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Wang, Rong, Li Sha Li, Jin Yue Gao, and Hai Ning Cui. "Investigation on Micro Defects of the Protective Coating SiOx in Mass Manufacturing Processes." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.443.
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A transparent hard coating of silicon oxide (SiOx) deposited by using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) can protect the surfaces of plastics and metals. This coating has good adhesion, good wear-resistance and environmental resistance. Our work is to optimize this protective organosilicon film in an industry manufacturing process for the metal cover of mobile phones and plastic lenses. Investigation of the failures of the film and analysis of the defect in deposited films by means of the optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that mechanism of the micro defect with Newton color rings.
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ZAFRIANA, LUSI. "PERSAMAAN OPERASIONAL DALAM PROSES LAMINASI BAHAN KEMASAN." Jurnal Teknik Industri 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol12.no1.90-93.
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Plastick sheet coated like paper for food, bag packaged plastic, etc now is needed for industry. To find material it laminated, it form still in coated laminated process with plastic film. An operational equation in the laminated process need to be founded so that its laminated process can be adjusted with the assigned order. That is usually problem that is not be solved by producers. By using mass balanced principles, the equation can be founded. By using data collected, we can calculate constanta of the equation and also RPM display value that will be used to determine thick of coated film needed for the width film as ordered.
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Ming, Xianglan, and Haitao Chen. "Experiment on Cultivation Performance of Plant Fiber-Based Degradable Film in Paddy Field." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020495.
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To solve the problems of the damage of weed in paddy field on crop yield and quality, the impact of chemical herbicides on the ecological environment, and the soil pollution caused by plastic film mulching, the field-positioning test was carried out in 2015 to 2017. Taking Daohuaxiang 2 as the test material, three treatments (plant fiber-based degradable film, plastic film, and CK) were setup to investigate the effects of plant fiber-based degradable film on the weed inhibition, warming effect under mulching cultivation, rice yield, rice quality, and economic benefit. The results showed that compared with CK, the plant fiber-based degradable film and plastic film reduced the weed by 85.5% to 87.7% and 78.7% to 81.7%, respectively. Plant fiber-based degradable film mulching cultivation can increase the soil temperature of soil layer 0 to 0.1 m depth. In 2015 to 2017, rice yield with plant fiber-based degradable film increased by 8.71%, 7.53%, and 9.02%, respectively. Plant fiber-based degradable film can significantly reduce the hardness, increase its adhesion, and improve the eating quality of rice. Different films mulching had a certain impact on crop economic benefit. During the developmental stage of the panicle, the plant fiber-based degradable film began to crack, and by the blossom fruit period, the degradation rate reached the grade of 3 or 4. Therefore, the use of plant fiber-based degradable film instead of plastic film can reduce the amount of weed under the membrane and create a more suitable soil temperature, which was conducive to rice yield and quality.
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Hamer, J. C., R. S. Sayles, and E. Ioannides. "The Collapse of Sliding Micro-EHL Films by Plastic Extrusion." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920696.
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In the mixed lubrication regime, where surface roughness may exceed the elastohydrodynamic film thickness, sliding micro-ehl films appear to collapse during their passage through the contact. A possible explanation for this can be found if the film is treated as a plastic solid. In this work, the collapse velocity is found by simultaneously solving the plastic extrusion equations and the elastic pressure equations for the film trapped between approaching asperities. The velocity of collapse is shown to be very sensitive to the asperity wavelength, slide-roll ratio, and the velocity profile between the sliding asperities.
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Fu, Yu, Jian Hua Xie, Lin Hai Zhang, Ming Hao Zhang, and Shu Lin Hou. "Study on the Residue of Plastic Film in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.674.
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The study investigated the amount of mulching plastic film residue in corn¡¢potato and vegetable fields in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The result shows that there has been a very serious pollution, and the average amount of residue of mulching plastic film remained in the farmland of Inner Mongolia is 36.3kg/hm2. The average amount of residue of mulching plastic film remained in the corn field soils is 56.25 kg/hm2, the potato fields were38.7kg/hm2, the vegetable fields were 25.05kg/hm2. The results also showed that more than 73% residual film remains in the 0 ~ 10cm plow layer, and the amount of plastic film residue depends on duration of utilization of mulching plastic film, and the longer the duration of utilization, the more plastic film residue is left in the field.
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Díaz, Beatriz M., Ricardo Biurrún, Aránzazu Moreno, Miguel Nebreda, and Alberto Fereres. "Impact of Ultraviolet-blocking Plastic Films on Insect Vectors of Virus Diseases Infesting Crisp Lettuce." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.711.
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Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing plastic films are being used as a photoselective barrier to control insect vectors and associated virus diseases in different horticultural crops. A 2-year experiment was carried out in northeastern Spain (Navarra) to evaluate the impact of a UV-blocking film (AD-IR AV) on the population density of insect pests and the spread of insect-transmitted virus diseases associated with head lettuce [Lactuca sativa (L.)]. Results showed that the UV-absorbing plastic film did not loose its ability to filter UV radiation after three lettuce crop cycles (14 months). The UV-absorbing plastic film was effective in reducing the abundance and in delaying the colonization of lettuce by aphids [Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Acyrthosiphum lactucae (Passerini)]. A significant increase in the percentage of marketable plants was achieved under UV-absorbing films due to a reduction in the number of plants infested by aphids and by insect-transmitted virus diseases (mainly potyviruses). Also the UV-absorbing plastic films were effective in reducing the population density of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) as well as the population density of the lepidopteran pest, Autographa gamma (L.), a common pest of lettuce in Spain. However, no effective control of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) was achieved. The results showed that UV-absorbing plastic films are a very promising tool to protect greenhouse lettuce from the main pests and insect-transmitted virus diseases occurring in northeastern Spain.
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Nampitch, Tarinee, and Rathanawan Magaraphan. "Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Ternary Blends with Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Poly (Lactic Acid) and Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.762.
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The objective of this work was to study the production of new biodegradable thin films. As a result of increasing problems with regard to the disposal of domestic waste, particularly plastics, a new class of polymers especially designed to be biodegradable has been undergoing development. However these biodegradable plastics still have a limitation, i.e. high cost. This research studied methods of lowering the cost of biodegradable plastic and of improving its properties by using epoxidized natural rubber as a another polymer for polymer blends. Thus, ternary blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were studied and prepared using a twin-screw extruder, followed by use of a chill roll cast film extruder or a blown film extruder, to produce biodegradable film. The concentration of ENR in the ternary blends was fixed at 10 wt%, with the remainder being PLA and PBAT. In some proportions of the film blends, Irganox and Uvinul were introduced to increase the thermal stabilization and UV stabilization, respectively. The mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated, including the thickness, color, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the biodegradable films.
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Šárka, E., Z. Kruliš, J. Kotek, L. Růžek, A. Korbářová, Z. Bubník, and M. Růžková. "Application of wheat B-starch in biodegradable plastic materials." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 3 (May 13, 2011): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/292/2010-cjfs.
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Food application of wheat B-starch comprising small starch granules as a result of lower quality is problematic. Accordingly, B-starch or acetylated starch prepared from it, with the degree of substitution (DS) of 1.5–2.3, was used in biodegradable films after blending with poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The following mechanical characteristics of the produced films were derived from the stress-strain curves: Young modulus, yield stress, stress-at-break, and strain-at-break. Water absorption of PCL/starch (60/40) films was determined according to European standard ISO 62. The measured data were compared with those of commercial A-starch. The films containing native starch degraded in compost totally during 2 months. Acetylation of starch molecules in the composites reduced the degradation rate. Optical microscopy, in combination with the image analysis system NIS-Elements vs. 2.10 completed with an Extended Depth of Focus (EDF) module, was used to study the surface morphology of PCL/starch films after 20-day and 42-day compost incubation. Chemical changes in the compost used for the film exposition were measured.
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Tangena, A. G., P. J. M. Wijnhoven, and E. A. Muijderman. "The Role of Plastic Deformation in Wear of Thin Films." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261700.
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The correlation between mechanical stresses and tribological behavior for thin films was studied. A noble metal layer was applied on different substrates. Depending on the thickness of the film and the mechanical properties of the substrate, the wear of the film in a pin-on-plate configuration changed. Using finite element calculations it was shown that the geometry of the system, the mechanical properties of the substrate and the contact load determined the mechanical deformations of the top layer. The calculated von Mises stress averaged over the contact area and the depth of the thin film correlated well with the wear measured. If this average von Mises stress was above the yield stress of the thin film, the wear increased enormously, indicating the importance of plastic deformation in the film. A relatively simple low cycle fatigue model using the Coffin-Manson relation gave a good description of the wear behavior as a function of the average von Mises stress.
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Doerner, M. F., D. S. Gardner, and W. D. Nix. "Plastic properties of thin films on substrates as measured by submicron indentation hardness and substrate curvature techniques." Journal of Materials Research 1, no. 6 (December 1986): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1986.0845.
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Substrate curvature and submicron indentation measurements have been used recently to study plastic deformation in thin films on substrates. In the present work both of these techniques have been employed to study the strength of aluminum and tungsten thin films on silicon substrates. In the case of aluminum films on silicon substrates, the film strength is found to increase with decreasing thickness. Grain size variations with film thickness do not account for the variations in strength. Wafer curvature measurements give strengths higher than those predicted from hardness measurements suggesting the substrate plays a role in strengthening the film. The observed strengthening effect with decreased thickness may be due to image forces on dislocations in the film due to the elastically stiffer silicon substrate. For sputtered tungsten films, where the substrate is less stiff than the film, the film strength decreases with decreasing film thickness.
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Tedeschi, Anna Martina, Fabrizio Di Caprio, Antonella Piozzi, Francesca Pagnanelli, and Iolanda Francolini. "Sustainable Bioactive Packaging Based on Thermoplastic Starch and Microalgae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010178.
Full textAbstract:
This study combines the use of corn starch and Tetradesmus obliquus microalgae for the production of antioxidant starch films as flexible packaging material. Starch was plasticized with glycerol and blended with 1 w% polyallylamine chosen as an agent to modify the film physical properties. The addition of polyallylamine improved film water stability and water vapor transmission rate as well as mechanical stiffness and tenacity. The dried Tetradesmus obliquus microalgae, which showed an EC50 value of 2.8 mg/mg DPPH (2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), was then used as antioxidant filler. The addition of microalgae provided the films with good antioxidant activity, which increased with microalgae content increasing. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the development of sustainable bioactive packaging films composed of almost 100% starch, and follows the European union’s goals on plastics strategy concerning the promotion of bio-based, compostable plastics and the setting up of approaches to prevent food waste with a simple plastic packaging.
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Wilson, Sandra B., and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Growth Control of Lisianthus by Photoselective Plastic Films." HortTechnology 11, no. 4 (January 2001): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.4.581.
Full textAbstract:
Plant response to photoselective plastic films with varying spectral transmission properties was tested using lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) `Florida Pink', `Florida Blue', and `Florida Sky Blue'. Films were designated YXE-10 (far-red light-absorbing film) and SXE-4 (red light absorbing film). Light transmitted through YXE-10 films reduced plant height compared to control plants by 10% (`Florida Blue'), and stem dry weight by 19% to 40%, but the response varied by cultivar. Internode length was reduced by 10% to 19% when `Florida Pink' and `Florida Sky Blue' plants were grown under YXE-10 films. Leaf and root dry weights were not affected by YXE-10 films, with the exception that `Florida Sky Blue' plants had a lower leaf dry weight than the control plants. Light transmitted through SXE-4 films increased plant height of `Florida Pink' plants by 15% but not of `Florida Blue' or `Florida Sky Blue.' Regardless of cultivar, dry weight of leaf, stem and root tissue was not affected by SXE-4 films as compared to control films. The average number of days to flower and bud number were not affected by YXE-10 or SXE-4 films, regardless of cultivar. The results suggest that selective reduction of far-red wavelengths from sunlight may be an alternative technique for greenhouse production of compact plants, but the magnitude of the response is cultivar specific.
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Kaur, Simranpreet, and Chayanika Putatunda. "Physico-chemical Characterization of Edible Packaging Film Supplemented with Ocimum (Tulsi) Essential oil." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370214.
Full textAbstract:
The concern about the possible adverse health effects of plastic based food packaging as well as the environmental pollution caused by plastics has lead to efforts in looking for alternative, eco-friendly and biocompatible food packaging materials. In the present investigation, a composite edible film was prepared from whey, pectin and gelatin, which was supplemented withOcimum essential oil. These films were characterized for thickness, transparency towards visible and UV light, and total moisture content. Antimicrobial activity of these films were examined against Escherichia coli MTCC 118, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 1272and Pseudomonas fluorescens MTCC 103. The film activity was found to bemaximumagainst B. cereus with 8 mm zone of inhibition on addition of 6% of Ocimum essential oil. The films were also active against all other pathogens except P. aeruginosa.