Journal articles: 'Film-forming system'

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Xue, Fei, Yun Sheng Jiang, Yu Chen Han, and Chun Jing Wang. "Membrane System Processes of Edible Gelatin Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.804.

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Using food grade gelatin as a substrate in combination with edible film-forming agent, it can be made ;the edible film which thickness is about 0.16mm is homogeneous, transparent, and have a certain strength . Experiments explore the preferred film-forming process of the gelatin film, through the comprehensive consideration of several aspects from hygroscopicity, transparency, mechanical properties, determination of the best film-forming solution pH of about 7, with temperature of 55 ° C ,drying out for around 9h.After 10h post treatment of drying,the best integrity of membrane can be obtained.

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Nigam, Parul, Ajay K Gupta, and Akhilesh Vats. "Film forming transemulgel- A novel drug delivery system." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.022.

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Bornare, Swapnil S., Smita S. Aher, and Ravindranath B. Saudagar. "A REVIEW: FILM FORMING GEL NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25886.

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Film forming gels are a novel approach in this area that might present an alternative to the conventional dosage forms used on the skin, such as ointments, creams, gels or patches. The polymeric solution is applied to the skin as a liquid and forms an almost invisible film in situ by solvent evaporation. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and dermal drug delivery system can provide some desirable performances over conventional pharmaceutical dosage formulations, such as avoiding gut and hepatic first-pass metabolism, improving drug bioavailability, reducing dose frequency and stabilizing drug delivery profiles. The aim of this review was to search for alternatives to the conventional forms in order to reduce skin irritation, improve skin adhesion properties, enhance the drug release and increase the patient acceptability from an aesthetic perspective. Because of their peculiar rheological behaviour, polymeric gels are beneficial in terms of ease of preparation, ease of application, adhesion to the application surface and ability to deliver a wide variety of drugs.

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Kolotayev, Vladimir Alexeyevich. "Film Art in the System of Forming a Stage Identity Model." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 2, no. 3 (October 15, 2010): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik236-29.

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The article examines the processes of forming stage identity models in the artistic space of cinema that possesses a modeling function, the ability to create new identity types, to influence the formation of a personality and change social relations. A screen art work both reflects the inner identity changes and offers the culture subjects some plausible behavior models for self-identifying in everyday life. By analyzing a number of ilms the author singles out four stages of identity development and deines their main characteristics. The structure and process of identity formation are treated as the result of interaction with culture. The configuration of identity depends on the prevalent cultural system. The notions "Culture 1" and "Culture 2" are revised and such concepts as "product culture" and "conlict culture" are introduced.

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Biehl, Saskia, Sebastian Staufenbiel, Frank Hauschild, and André Albert. "Novel measurement and monitoring system for forming processes based on piezoresistive thin film systems." Microsystem Technologies 16, no. 5 (March 13, 2010): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-010-1058-0.

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Kis, Nikolett, Anita Kovács, Mária Budai-Szűcs, Attila Gácsi, Erzsébet Csányi, Ildikó Csóka, and Szilvia Berkó. "Investigation of Silicone-Containing Semisolid in Situ Film-Forming Systems Using QbD Tools." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120660.

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The aim of our research work was to develop dermally applicable, semisolid film-forming systems (FFSs) containing silicones, which form a film on the skin in situ, with suitable mechanical properties for skin application. FFSs were developed and investigated by means of the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. With this QbD approach, the initial risk assessment defines the critical quality attributes (CQAs), the critical material attributes (CMAs) and the critical process parameters (CPPs) to ensure the required quality. Different semisolid systems were formed with or without silicones. During the initial risk assessment, three CQAs, namely skin adhesion, film flexibility and burst strength, were found to be critical attributes, while film appearance, film integrity and the drying time of the semisolid system, were found to be medium attributes. These parameters were investigated. The initial risk assessment also showed that there are three high CMAs: the type of silicones, film-forming excipients, drying excipients, and that there was one medium CMA: viscosity-enhancing excipients. Based on our results, the silicone content had a great effect on the film-forming systems. Different silicones affected the mechanical properties of the films in varying ways, decreased the drying time and showed promising results regarding the drying mechanism.

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Gots, V. І., О. V. Lastivka, О. О. Tomin, and V. S. Mehet. "FORMATION OF POWDER COATING PROPERTIES IN THE SYSTEM "FILM-FORMING ‒ CROSS-LINKING AGENT"." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 87 (June 3, 2022): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2022-87-57-64.

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The results of the influence of film formers of different types on the formation of the properties of powder paints and coatings based on them was showed. Powder coating are one of the most promising types of paints and varnishes for industrial use. Their main advantages are the absence of solvents, virtually waste-free coating technology (the degree of utilization of the powder in the application is close to 100 %), relative simplicity and efficiency in the production process of the coating. As a result of study it has been revealed that the use of powder coating systems of different chemical nature provides higher physical and mechanical characteristics of coatings in comparison with traditional systems based on liquid acrylic resin, which in its turn allows to consider such systems as an alternative for protection of construction metal products and structures against the mechanical influences. At the same time, it has been shown that a change in the film former and crosslinking agent in the composition of powder systems differently influences the formation of powder coating properties depending on the type of the film former and its characteristics (viscosity, glass transition temperature) as well as the type of the crosslinking agent. The use of systems "polyester film forming – TGIC", "polyester film forming – НАА" provide high physical and mechanical properties of coatings without deterioration of technological properties of systems, when using film forming with dynamic Brookfield viscosity values within 30oC). In turn, the decrease of the glass transition temperature index and the increase of the resin viscosity index negatively affect the formation of the technological properties of the powder systems and, accordingly, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the coating.

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Sun, Yuxue, Fei Teng, and Jingyuan Zhao. "Study and Application of Polymer Film-Forming Shielding Plugging Drilling Fluid System." Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/824020.

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To solve the low cementing quality of acoustic logging and some distensible well diameters in high permeable layer of Daqing Lamadian oilfield, we have carried out the study and field application of polymer film-forming shielding plugging drilling fluid system. By adding this polymer film-forming shielding plugging agent to macromolecule emulsion drilling fluid, the shielding and plugging effect will be improved. Combined with the experiment and analysis, we optimize the adding amount of this agent to improve the performance of drilling fluid system. From the application effect, the cementing quality of acoustic logging has been improved obviously. This system has been applied in 20 wells and there are 15 high quality wells. The merit factor of well cementing reaches 75%.

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Zhang, Jiaqing, Fengju Shang, Wencheng Zhou, Fei Xiao, and Dengfeng Cheng. "Fire-extinguishing performance and gas-phase pollution characteristics of different foam agents in extinguishing transformer oil pool fire." Journal of Fire Sciences 40, no. 6 (November 2022): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041221142509.

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In this study, aqueous film-forming foam, fluoroprotein foam, and synthetic foam were applied to extinguish the transformer oil pool fires. The fire-extinguishing performance and burn-back resistance were investigated using a laboratory fire-extinguishing system. Moreover, the emission products were analyzed to evaluate the gas-phase pollution characteristics. Results show that aqueous film-forming foam presents the highest fire-extinguishing efficiency, while fluoroprotein foam has the best burn-back performance. Flue gas and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer analyses demonstrate that the use of fluoroprotein foam results in much higher CO emissions than other foams, and the pollutants are mainly from various hydrocarbons produced by incomplete combustion of transformer oil. Synthetic foam and aqueous film-forming foam lead to higher SO2 and NO emissions, and pollutants are mainly dominated by alcohols and ethers. Noteworthily, when using aqueous film-forming foam to extinguish oil pool fire, a persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctanoic acid, is detected in the gas phase.

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Kwon, Youngkyu, Jeachun Sa, Jaeyoung Kim, and Sehong Min. "Study on Environmental Regulation of Aqueous Film Forming Foam and Use of C4-Based Eco-Friendly Aqueous Film Forming Foam." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.2.125.

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The C8-based aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) was developed by 3M in 1960, initially for military purposes, and was then used in all U.S. Navy vessels until the late 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense used the AFFF for fuel fire suppression in all military facilities in the 1970s. The AFFF was classified as a special fire extinguishing chemical used for an airplane hangar or an aircraft carrier. Despite its strong fire extinguishing capacity, the AFFF is not commonly used by civilians, mainly due to the cost factor and environmental issues. In particular, the main organic chemical component of the AFFF is resistant to degradation; it tends to persist in the ecological system and in the human body, consequently having grievous effects. The paper describes the causes and measures of the AFFF use regulations by the Stockholm Convention concerning persistent organic chemicals. The manuscript also introduces the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF, a fire extinguishing chemical developed in China, as a part of the measure and addresses the meaning of “C4-Based.” Moreover, the study verifies that the representative regulation targets for perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are not detected in the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF fire extinguishing chemical, as revealed by a test on “the method for analyzing PFOS/PFOA” in the chemical product based on the National Standard Test KS M 9722:2017. Accordingly, various fire extinguishers using the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF with strong and extensive fire extinguishing capacity are proposed, and the other use methods.

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Premanond, Varunee, and Pongpan Niyomrit. "Characteristics of Fluoride Based Conversion Coating Film on Al-Alloy for Metal Forming Applications." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.37.

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During the process of cold forming of aluminum, the high pressure which is introduced on the die can result in high adhesion between the aluminum and the die surface. Therefore, it is necessary for the aluminum billet to be coated with a lubricant prior to forming, to reduce adhesion and to ease the flow of material in the die. There are several popular types of lubricant systems used in cold forging of aluminum. For severe deformation, conversion coating in conjunction with soap lubricant are commonly used. The conversion coatings include soap phosphates (PO4-soap), as well as soap aluminum fluoride (AlF-soap). Therefore, this work studied the performance of the AlF-soap system and compared it to the conventional PO4-soap system as tested on AA6063 aluminum. Ring compression tests and ball on disc tests were conducted to explore friction conditions and the thinning of the lubricant under several forming conditions. It was found that the quantity of metal soap layer of AlF-soap used affected the friction coefficient and the lubricant thinning under forming operation. The suitable coating weight of metal soap layer of AlF-soap for this experiment was found to be 2 g/m2. The friction coefficient of the PO4-soap system was 16.26% lower than the AlF-soap system. However, the amount of thinning of the AlF-soap film after ring compression tests was lower than that of PO4-soap film.

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Touitou, Elka, Hiba Natsheh, and Jana Zailer. "Film Forming Systems for Delivery of Active Molecules into and across the Skin." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020397.

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We have investigated delivery systems that can form a structured matrix film on the skin after their application. In a previous work, we have shown that Weblike film forming systems (also called Pouches Drug Delivery Systems, PDDS) enable enhanced skin delivery of the incorporated molecules. These delivery systems are composed of one or more phospholipids, a short-chain alcohol, a polymer and optionally water. In this work, we continue the investigation and characterization of Weblike carriers focusing on some factors affecting the delivery properties such as components concentration and mode of application on the skin. Upon non-occluded application on the skin, the systems dry rapidly, forming a web-like structured film. Lidocaine, Ibuprofen, FITC and Cannabidiol are molecules with various physico-chemical properties that were incorporated in the carrier. The systems were tested in a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results of the in vitro permeation of Ibuprofen through porcine skin indicated two-fold delivery through the skin of Ibuprofen when applied from our Weblike system in comparison with a nanovesicular carrier, the ethosome. We also have investigated weblike systems containing hemp seed oil (HSO). This addition enhanced the film’s ability to deliver lipophilic molecules to the deeper skin layers, leading to an improved pharmacodynamic effect. In analgesic tests carried out in a pain mice model following one hour application of CBD in Weblike system with and without HSO, the number of writhing episodes was decreased from 29 in the untreated animals to 9.5 and 18.5 writhes, respectively. The results of our work open the way towards a further investigation of Weblike film forming systems containing drugs for improved dermal and transdermal treatment of various ailments.

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Chou, Chia-Man, Yuan-Tung Liu, Pei-Ching Wei, Yi-Jhen Li, Yu-Han Kung, Vincent K. S. Hsiao, and Chih-Chien Chu. "Scalable and Blue Photoluminescence Emissions of (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 2D Perovskite Fabricated by the Dip-Coating Method Using a Co-Solvent System." Crystals 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030418.

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The improved efficiency of perovskite-related photovoltaic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), is related to film uniformity, the compactness of each layer, and thickness. Herein, we improved the traditional single-solvent, solution-processed method and developed a co-solvent method to prepare a two-dimensional (2D) (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 perovskite film for blue photoluminescence (PL) emissions. A poor film-forming uniformity was observed for the use of the single-solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF) method. In adding 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) of a smaller polarity to DMF, the co-solvent engineering dramatically changed the film-forming properties. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and time-resolved PL (TR-PL) spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the perovskite film prepared by the co-solvent system had a good crystallinity, fewer defects, and a longer carrier lifetime. These experimental results show a simple, scalable (1.23 × 1.23 cm2), and stable reproducibility method for preparing 2D perovskite of 415 nm wavelength PL emissions that might be beneficial for the development of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, blue LEDs, and high-resolution displays.

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Chistyakova, Tamara Balabekovna, and Andrey Nikolaevich Polosin. "Modeling system of extrusion and forming polymeric materials for blown film quality control." Computer Research and Modeling 6, no. 1 (February 2014): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/2076-7633-2014-6-1-137-158.

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R. M. Machado, Gabriella, Luiz A. M. Inácio, Simone J. Berlitz, Bruna Pippi, Irene C. Kulkamp‐Guerreiro, Stefânia N. Lavorato, Ricardo J. Alves, Saulo F. Andrade, and Alexandre M. Fuentefria. "A Film‐Forming System Hybridized with a Nanostructured Chloroacetamide Derivative for Dermatophytosis Treatment." ChemistrySelect 6, no. 33 (September 2021): 8527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202101892.

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Vorob'ev, G. A., and V. M. Gaponenko. "Nature of the electric forming of a thin film metal-dielectric-metal system." Soviet Physics Journal 34, no. 1 (January 1991): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00914123.

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Sun, Bao Wei, Bei Qing Huang, and Xian Fu Wei. "Study on Anti-Friction Performance of Water-Based Flexographic Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.64.

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In order to improve the anti-friction performance of water-based flexographic ink, we made up different kinds of water-base flexographic ink by changing the kinds of film-forming resin or adding different kinds of friction resistant additives, and then evaluated the friction resistant performance of the ink by the rate of density decay. According to analysis the influencing factors of the anti-friction performance of ink, aiming at improving the cohesion of molecular systems and smooth degree of membrane surface, and reducing the friction coefficient as well. The result shows that different molecular structure of film-forming resin ink will cause different cohesion of molecules system in ink, which impacts the ink friction performance. Adding appropriate anti-friction performance additives can improve ink cohesion of molecular system, and improve the ink anti-friction performance as well.

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Suksaeree, Jirapornchai, Chitradee Luprasong, and Chaowalit Monton. "Madecassoside and Asiaticoside-Loaded Film-Forming Polymeric Solutions Based on Hypromellose E5 and Eudragit® NE 30D." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.796.

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The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the physicochemical properties of film-forming polymeric solutions containing madecassoside and asiaticoside. The stability and in vitro release were also investigated. Hypromellose E5 and Eudragit® NE 30D were used as film-forming agents. Glycerin was used as a plasticizer. Ethanol is used as a solvent and for shortening film drying. The best formulations composed of 5 % hypromellose E5, glycerin, ethanol, and Centella asiatica Cosmélène® in the ratio of 60:20:20:10 (Formulation 11) or 60:20:10:10 (Formulation 12) w/w. It could form a complete film after being applied to the skin within 10 - 15 min. The pH, viscosity, and spreadability values were 7.9, 23.7 cP, 25.1 g·cm2/s, for Formulation 11, and 7.9, 27.1 cP, and 23.4 g·cm2/s, for Formulation 12, respectively. They were stable for at least 6 months. Both formulations released only 13 % of madecassoside and 14 -15 % of asiaticoside to the phosphate buffer pH 7.4. In conclusion, the developed FFPS could be used as the delivery system for madecassoside and asiaticoside for skin application. HIGHLIGHTS The best film-forming polymeric solution formulation composed of 5 % hypromellose E5, glycerin, ethanol, and Centella asiatica Cosmélène® in the mass ratio of 60: 20: 20 (or 10): 10, respectively The developed film-forming polymeric solution was stable for at least six months at various temperatures The low content of madecassoside and asiaticoside released from the formulation was observed GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Deng, Zilong, Zixuan Wu, Xiao Tan, Fangkun Deng, Yaobang Chen, Yanping Chen, and Hongcai Zhang. "Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Property Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) and Chitosan Nanoparticles Fine-Tuned Starch Film." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 8542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238542.

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To improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of traditional starch-based film, herein, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were introduced to potato starch (PS, film-forming matrix) for the preparation of nanocomposite film without incorporation of additional antibacterial agents. CNCs with varied concentrations were added to PS and CS NPs composite system to evaluate the optimal film performance. The results showed that tensile strength (TS) of nanocomposite film with 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% (w/w) CNCs incorporation were 41, 46, 47 and 41 MPa, respectively. The elongation at break (EAB) reached 12.5, 10.2, 7.1 and 13.3%, respectively. Due to the reinforcing effect of CNCs, surface morphology and structural properties of nanocomposite film were altered. TGA analysis confirmed the existence of hydrogen bondings and electrostatic attractions between components in the film-forming matrix. The prepared nanocomposite films showed good antibacterial properties against both E. coli and S. aureus. The nanocomposite film, consist of three most abundant biodegradable polymers, could potentially serve as antibacterial packaging films with strong mechanical properties for food and allied industries.

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Huang, Ruoxuan, Yan Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, Guangjun Gou, and Xiangnan Chen. "Design of Flexible Film-Forming Polydopamine/Polypyrrole/Nanodiamond Hierarchical Structure for Broadband Microwave Absorption." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102014.

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Microwave-absorbing materials are widely used in numerous fields, including the military, daily protection, etc. Currently, in addition to being lightweight and highly efficient, good film-forming processing characteristics and environmental stability are also required for the practical application of microwave-absorbing materials, which, in general, are difficult to make compatible. In this paper, a mulberry-like PDA/PPy/ND hierarchical structure was prepared by in situ polymerization. The hierarchical structure showed remarkably enhanced microwave absorption, as well as better flexible film-forming characteristics, thanks to the multiple roles PDA played in the system. The optimal RL peak for PDA/PPy/ND could reach −43.6 dB at 7.58 GHz, which is mainly attributed to the multiple dielectric loss paths and significantly improved impedance-matching characteristics. Furthermore, given the H-bond crosslink, the introduction of PDA also promoted the film formation and dispersion of PDA/PPy/ND in the PVA matrix, forming a water-resistant and flexible film. This work provides a referencing path for the design and practical applications of lightweight microwave-absorbing materials.

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YU, XIANG, CHENGBIAO WANG, MENG HUA, PUILAM TAM, YANG LIU, and DEYANG YU. "ADHERENT NANO-SUPERHARD TITANIUM NITRIDE FILM AND ITS FORMING MECHANISM IN MULTI-ARC ION-PLATING SYSTEM." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 04 (August 2007): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010275.

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An adherent nano-superhard titanium nitride ( TiN ) film on the substrate of Cr 12 Mo 4 V high speed steel was prefabricated in a vacuum cathode multi-arc ion-plating system. Microhardness, film-to-substrate adhesion, and microstructure of the film were investigated typically using Vickers hardometer, scratch tester, and X-ray diffractometer. Results show that: (i) the achievable film microhardness is in the range of 35–45 GPa; (ii) the critical load (Lc) of the superhard TiN film is approximately 64 N; (iii) the nm scale mean main grain sizes of the film are approximately of 12.7 nm for TiN 111, 19.7 nm for TiN 200, and 9.6 nm for TiN 220; and (iv) compared with the standard TiN film with the hardness of 22 GPa, the accomplishment of the nano-superhard TiN film may be due to (a) the ion bombardment induced residual stress within the film, and (b) the combined effect of the decrease of crystalline size and preferred orientation in the plane (111).

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Tan, Wan-Yi, Peng-Peng Cheng, Yong-Wen Zhang, Jia-Ming Liang, Xudong Chen, Yidong Liu, and Yong Min. "Morphology control towards a greener, non-halogenated solvent system processed CH3NH3PbI3 film for high performance perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 20 (2019): 6004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00812h.

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Gharbi, Kheira, Samira Chouicha, and Malcolm Andrew Kelland. "Field test investigation of the performance of corrosion inhibitors: a case study." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 10 (September 6, 2021): 3879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01287-y.

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AbstractCorrosion is considered one of the major problems that affect flow assurance during hydrocarbon production. This irreversible phenomenon has the ability to cause serious material failure in the oil and gas industry. Consequently, heavy capital and operational costs are required to prevent corrosion processes. Sweet corrosion of raw gas production facilities in an Algerian gas field manifests inside surface installations, which leads to gas production interruption and high intervention costs. To mitigate this type of corrosion, many methods can be applied such as the selection of appropriate materials, the injection of inhibitors, and the use of protective coating. In this work, the main points of gas production system that have been affected by corrosion and the inspection techniques used in the studied field were reviewed. Moreover, the efficiency of two types of two corrosion inhibitors (film-forming/neutralizing and film-forming chemicals) was studied by measuring the corrosion rate in the field and conducting chemical analyses on the produced water samples in the laboratory. The results of laboratory analyses regarding pH and iron content measurement point out that the injection of film-forming/neutralizing chemical significantly shifted the pH of the medium from acid to more neutral value and decreased the iron content, while the injection of film-forming inhibitor affected only the iron content by decreasing its tenor in the water samples. These results confirm the functions of each inhibitor to protect metal against internal corrosion. The comparison between the single- and double-function inhibitors reveals that the film-forming inhibitor (CK981DZ) outperforms the film-forming/ neutralizing chemical with an efficiency that exceeds 99% at low injection rate. Moreover, it provides good compatibility and stability all through its injection path. Meanwhile, the application of double function inhibitor (film-forming/neutralizing) significantly reduced the corrosion rate of carbon steel structures, but it involved the formation of deposits in the gas processing plant. The findings from this study can help give a better understanding of the methodology of corrosion inhibitor performance evaluation in real condition of gas production, also the criteria of inhibitor screening based on laboratory and field tests.

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Wattanaphraya, Nattanich, Somkamol Manchun, Siriporn Taokaew, and Worawut Kriangkrai. "Development of Mucoadhesive Film-Forming Systems Containing Black Ginger Extract for Aphthous Ulcers." Key Engineering Materials 901 (October 8, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.104.

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Film-forming systems (FFSs) were developed by using Eudragit® E100 as a film former. Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger) extract was used as an anti-inflammatory agent for aphthous ulcers. The FFS could rapidly form a thin film in only 5 s when it was applied to a wet surface e.g. an aphthous ulcer. When the FFS was applied to a dry surface, the FFS without extract could form a film in 2-4 min. The incorporation of this extract contributed to delaying the film-formation time in the dry state; hence, the film-forming time increased to 6-8 min. The mucoadhesive property of FFSs was verified with the wash-off method. To simulate oromucosal conditions, the FFSs were applied on a cellophane membrane coated with mucin and washed by phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. The formulations without mucoadhesive polymers could not withstand flushing with a medium for more than 8 min without dislodging. Therefore, three different mucoadhesive agents were trialed: PVP K90, HPMC E15 LV, and HPC SL. The highest adhesion results were obtained when HPMC was added at 5%(w/w) as well as, the residence time was 22 min. In vitro release of black ginger extract from FFS showed a gradual release for 2 h. This study indicated that the FFS with HPMC E15 LV was an appropriate alternative formulation as a local delivery system for an aphthous ulcer.

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Wang, Jing, Xinyu Sun, Xingfeng Xu, Qingjie Sun, Man Li, Yanfei Wang, and Fengwei Xie. "Wheat Flour-Based Edible Films: Effect of Gluten on the Rheological Properties, Structure, and Film Characteristics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 11668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911668.

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This work investigates the structure, rheological properties, and film performance of wheat flour hydrocolloids and their comparison with that of a wheat starch (WS)–gluten blend system. The incorporation of gluten could decrease inter-chain hydrogen bonding of starch, thereby reducing the viscosity and solid-like behavior of the film-forming solution and improving the frequency-dependence, but reducing the surface smoothness, compactness, water vapor barrier performance, and mechanical properties of the films. However, good compatibility between starch and gluten could improve the density of self-similar structure, the processability of the film-forming solution, and film performance. The films based on wheat flours showed a denser film structure, better mechanical properties, and thermal stability that was no worse than that based on WS–gluten blends. The knowledge gained from this study could provide guidance to the development of other flour-based edible packaging materials, thereby promoting energy conservation and environmental protection.

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Talmon, Y., J. L. Burns, M. H. Chestnut, and D. P. Siegel. "On-the-Grid Processing and Time-Resolved Cryo-TEM: The Extension of the Thin Liquid Film Vitrification Method." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100181208.

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The thin vitrified liquid film technique was pioneered by Dubochet and co-workers. The technique is based on forming a thin liquid film of the system to be examined over a holey carbon film, and plunging it, using a mechanical plunger, into liquid ethane at its freezing point. Talmon and co-workers have developed the controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS), that makes it possible to prepare the sample under controlled conditions of temperature and saturation with volatiles. This has extended the applicability of the technique to labile systems that are sensitive to temperature and concentration changes, and to the study of microstructures that exist above (up to 95 °C), and below (down to −20 °C) room temperature. Here we discuss two extensions to cryo-TEM specimen preparation by thin fluid film vitrification, both based on specimen preparation in the CEVS: on-the-grid processing and time-resolved cryo-transmission electron microscopy.

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Omasta, Milan, Martin Ebner, Petr Šperka, Thomas Lohner, Ivan Krupka, Martin Hartl, Bernd-Robert Hoehn, and Karsten Stahl. "Film formation in EHL contacts with oil-impregnated sintered materials." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2017-0340.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate lubricant film-forming capability of oil-impregnated sintered material in highly loaded non-conformal contacts. This self-lubrication mechanism is well described in lightly loaded conformal contacts such as journal bearings; however, only a little has been published about the application to highly loaded contacts under elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime (EHL).Design/methodology/approachThin film colorimetric interferometry is used to describe the effect of different operating conditions on lubricant film formation in line contacts.FindingsUnder fully flooded conditions, the effect of porous structure can be mainly traced back to the different elastic properties. When the contact is lubricated only by oil bleeding from the oil-impregnated sintered material, starvation is likely to occur. It is indicated that lubricant film thickness is mainly governed by oil bleeding capacity. The relationship between oil starvation parameters corresponds well with classic starved EHL theory.Practical implicationsTo show practical, relevant limitations of the considered self-lubrication system, time tests were conducted. The findings indicate that EHL contact with oil-impregnated sintered material may provide about 40 per cent of fully flooded film thickness.Originality/valueFor the first time, the paper presents results on the EHL film-forming capability of oil-impregnated sintered material by measuring the lubricant film thickness directly. The present paper identifies the phenomena involved, which is necessary for the understanding of the behavior of this complex tribological system.

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SHIM, E., JUNG OK PARK, and MOHAN SRINIVASARAO. "FORCED COATING OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS WITH NON-WETTING FLUIDS: THE SCALING OF THE FILM THICKNESS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 22 (August 30, 2008): 2043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908016649.

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The film thickness of free-meniscus coating of a polymeric fiber with a non-wetting fluid was investigated. A polypropylene monofilament fiber was coated with various glycerol/water mixtures. With a small capillary number (Ca), a detectable liquid film did not form on the fiber due to the non-wettability of the fiber-liquid system. Above a certain threshold velocity, liquid was forced to wet the fiber by hydrodynamic forces, thus forming a film. However, the film thickness in this region is lower than Landau–Levich–Derjaguin (LLD) theoretical value for the wetting system. At a moderate velocity range, the film thickness increases to a value predicted either by the LLD law or White–Tallmadge (WT) model, depending on the velocity, mimicking that of the wetting system. At a higher Ca, the film thickness increases much more rapidly, deviating from any predictions, due to the inertial effect.

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Dai, Xiaoyong, Pengyu Wang, Wei Wu, Haoyu Wang, Qing Xu, and Zhanyong Li. "Separation of Dimethyl Sulfide from Wort by Multi-Layer Centrifugal Film Method." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182901.

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Installing a separation device for undesirable volatile substances represented by dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in wort boiling systems is a common way to reduce the thermal stress and maintain the beer’s flavor stability (characterized by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value), but most of these separation devices need to provide additional vacuum or primary thermal energy. This research shows that it can produce self-evaporation that consumes its own sensible heat when wort is in the state of turbulent film. Therefore, a new gas-liquid separation system named the multilayer centrifugal film-forming device (similar to the spinning cone column (SCC)) is proposed, which can strengthen self-evaporation through wort turbulent film and create gas phase conditions for the separation of undesirable volatile substances. The results show that up to 91.6% of the content of DMS in wort could be significantly removed by centrifugal film self-evaporation. The TBA value of wort was reduced by more than 15%, and the wort was not found to be oxidized. Compared with the traditional boiling method, the multi-layer centrifugal film-forming device can significantly save primary energy consumption and reduce energy consumption by 216.4 kJ per liter of wort during the boiling and cooling process.

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Phaechamud, Thawatchai. "Modulation of Drug Release from Natural Rubber Coated Capsule Loaded with Sodium Bicarbonate and Camphor." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.170.

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Natural rubber (NR) has the distinguished film forming and hydrophobic properties. If it could be reformed by an addition of some pore forming agents, the porous topography of this produced material would be interesting for applying in controlled release system. The purpose of this study is to investigate on characterization of film coat and release of propranolol hydrochloride (P) from capsules coated with NR latex. The experimental methods involved the preparation of NR film which was optimally prepared by dipping technique followed by drying onto hard gelatin capsule. The drug release was determined for coated systems fabricated with two different techniques (the dissolving of sodium bicarbonate and the sublimation of ammonium carbonate or camphor). It indicated that ammonium carbonate was incompatible with NR latex. The extent of overall in vitro release of P into HCl buffer pH 1.2 from plain NR film coated capsule at 8 h was approximately 1%. However, the decrease concentration of NR latex or addition of sodium bicarbonate or camphor could enhance the extent of drug release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited the micro porous nature for systems loaded with sodium bicarbonate or camphor. Therefore the hydrophobic nature of NR was proper for sustainable drug release which an incorporation of some poring agent could modulate the release of active compounds.

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Šveikauskaitė, Indrė, and Vitalis Briedis. "Effect of Film-Forming Polymers on Release of Naftifine Hydrochloride from Nail Lacquers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1476270.

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The successful topical therapy of onychomycosis depends on effective drug release and penetration into nail, which can be achieved by using an adequately developed delivery system. This study evaluated and compared effect of film-forming polymers Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100, and ethyl cellulose on naftifine hydrochloride release from experimental nail lacquer formulations. Quality of formulations was evaluated by determining drying time and water resistance. Interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients were investigated using microcalorimetry and FT-IR. Optimization of nail lacquer formulations was performed by naftifine hydrochloride release testing. Release of naftifine hydrochloride increased with increasing concentration of Eudragit RL100. Plasticizer triacetin affected the release of naftifine hydrochloride, when Eudragit RS100 polymer was used. Ethyl cellulose polymer was determined to be not applicable for naftifine hydrochloride nail lacquer formulations. Two compositions of nail lacquers were optimized and could be used in further development of transungual delivery systems.

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Hopmann, Christian, and Jonathan Martens. "Influence of the Variothermal Process Control on Thermoforming of Micro-Structures." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.855.

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Functional surface effects on plastic components are a matter of current research activities. To make these surface effects usable on an industrial scale, new processes have to be developed. Forming processes such as injection moulding are currently used to produce functional surfaces, but machine and tool costs are considerably high. Therefore, it is of high importance to analyse to what extent the thermoforming process can be applied to manufacture micro-structures.The so called In-Mould-Graining (IMG) process is a promising variant of the thermoforming enabling the manufacture of micro-structures. The advantage of the IMG process is, that the structure is formed to the final shape of the part. If the structure on the film surface is set before the forming, the conversion may cause a deformation of the structure. However, the forming accuracy of the IMG process is limited by the rapid cooling of the film at the cold mould surface. A significant time interval between the heating and the forming leads to a cooling of the film, especially at its surface and thereby reduces the forming accuracy in the area of the grains.In this paper it is investigated to what extent the moulding accuracy of the IMG can be increased by the use of a variothermal mould heating. To achieve the required forming accuracy, only the surface layer of the micro-structured region of the cavity is heated by induction before the contact between film and cavity occurs. At the same time, the entire mould is cooled with a conventional water cooling system. The analysis of the process and formed parts shows, that especially the mould temperature during the forming process has a significant impact on the forming accuracy. A forming accuracy of a 50 µm high micro-structure of more than 95 % can be achieved. Furthermore, the contact of angle of a water droplet on a micro structured thermoformed surface can be increased up to + 145°.

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Van Bocxlaer, Katrien, Kerri-Nicola McArthur, Andy Harris, Mo Alavijeh, Stéphanie Braillard, Charles E. Mowbray, and Simon L. Croft. "Film-Forming Systems for the Delivery of DNDI-0690 to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040516.

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In cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), parasites reside in the dermis, creating an opportunity for local drug administration potentially reducing adverse effects and improving treatment adherence compared to current therapies. Polymeric film-forming systems (FFSs) are directly applied to the skin and form a thin film as the solvent evaporates. In contrast to conventional topical dosage forms, FFSs strongly adhere to the skin, favouring sustained drug delivery to the affected site, reducing the need for frequent applications, and enhancing patient compliance. This study reports the first investigation of the use of film-forming systems for the delivery of DNDI-0690, a nitroimidazole compound with potent activity against CL-causing Leishmania species. A total of seven polymers with or without plasticiser were evaluated for drying time, stickiness, film-flexibility, and cosmetic attributes; three FFSs yielded a positive evaluation for all test parameters. The impact of each of these FFSs on the permeation of the model skin permeant hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone, 1% (w/v) across the Strat-M membrane was evaluated, and the formulations resulting in the highest and lowest permeation flux (Klucel LF with triethyl citrate and Eudragit RS with dibutyl sebacate, respectively) were selected as the FFS vehicle for DNDI-0690. The release and skin distribution of the drug upon application to Leishmania-infected and uninfected BALB/c mouse skin were examined using Franz diffusion cells followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of both DNDI-0690 FFSs (1% (w/v)) in an experimental CL model. Whereas the Eudragit film resulted in a higher permeation of DNDI-0690, the Klucel film was able to deposit four times more drug into the skin, where the parasite resides. Of the FFSs formulations, only the Eudragit system resulted in a reduced parasite load, but not reduced lesion size, when compared to the vehicle only control. Whereas drug delivery into the skin was successfully modulated using different FFS systems, the FFS systems selected were not effective for the topical application of DNDI-0690. The convenience and aesthetic of FFS systems alongside their ability to modulate drug delivery to and into the skin merit further investigation using other promising antileishmanial drugs.

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Chen, Ze Min, Pin Lu, and Yan Jia. "Mechanism of Zinc Phosphating Solution at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.437.

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In our studied phosphating system, the morphology, chemical composition, phase and corrosion resistance of the phosphate film were characterized by EDS, AES, XRD and cathodic polarization curves. Test results indicated that the phosphate coating was made of the two kinds of Zn3(PO4)2•4H2O and Fe2Zn(PO4)2•4H2O crystals composed. On this basis, we came up the film-forming mechanism of low temperature phosphating technology.

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35

Zhang, Zhisheng, Han Wang, Sohail Khan, Ying Shu, and Tieqiang Liang. "A Green Film-Forming Investigation of the Edible Film Based on Funoran: Preparation, Characterization, and the Investigation of the Plasticizer Effects." Foods 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11192971.

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In this study, an edible film based on funoran was developed. Moreover, the effects of plasticizers (glycerol, xylitol, and sorbitol) on the physicochemical properties of the funoran films were also investigated. The interactions between plasticizers and funoran molecules of the film-forming system were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of plasticizers altered and broke the initial complex entangled structures of funoran molecular chains. Funoran films containing plasticizers were compatible, homogeneous, and dense, exhibiting good thermal stability below 100 °C. With the addition of plasticizers, the elongation at break, oxygen permeability, light transmittance, and water vapor permeability increased, but the tensile strength decreased. It was found that a glycerol addition of 40% was most suitable for commercial applications. All the results revealed the excellent film-forming properties of funoran, indicating that the prepared funoran films have tremendous potential for packaging applications.

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Dabhi, Mahesh R., and Navin R. Sheth. "Optimization of Novel Mucoadhesive In Situ Film Forming Periodontal Drug Delivery System for Chemotherapeutic Agents." Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2014): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12247-014-9175-4.

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37

Shamsudin, M. S., S. J. Fishlock, M. Rusop, S. M. Sanip, and Suan Hui Pu. "Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene on Copper Using a Low-Cost Atmospheric Thermal Chemical Vapour Deposition System with Methane and Forming Gas." Nano Hybrids 10 (May 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.10.1.

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Graphene has attracted wide interest across a range of applications due to its electrical, mechanical and optical properties. The use of a low-cost, table-top chemical vapour deposition system to deposit few-layer graphene onto copper is reported in this work. Characterisation of the graphene is performed using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that few-layer graphene can be deposited at 1000 °C using CH4 as a carbon precursor, and 5% H2, 95% N2 forming gas as a diluent. The effects of deposition temperature, deposition time, and forming gas addition on graphene film quality was studied experimentally. An increase in graphene quality was observed when forming gas was added during deposition.

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38

Sayed, Adnanulhaque M., Abhijeet D. Kulkarni, Pooja U. Pardeshi, Chinmay R. Kapile, and Akshay D. Nehe. "Oral Fast Disintegrating Films of Phytochemicals: A Novel Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 3 (May 15, 2022): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5418.

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Oral fast disintegrating films (OFDFs) have been developed as a viable alternative to conventional oral solid dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and syrups for patients who struggle consuming them. OFDFs are thin strips that disintegrate or dissolve rapidly when placed in the oral cavity, allowing quick onset of action. These films are prepared by incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients with film-forming polymers and other ingredients. OFDFs are also developed by incorporating active constituents present in phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols. In recent years, researchers have developed OFDFs by incorporating active phytoconstituents and/or herbal extracts to produce significant therapeutic activity. Phytochemical-based OFDFs show pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antimigraine, antiarrhythmic, antioxidant and antibacterial. These films can also be used in the management of dementia, cerebral insufficiency and Alzheimer’s disease. The present review focuses on the formulation and development of phytochemical-loaded OFDFs and recent research carried out on the same in tabular form. Keywords: Oral fast disintegrating film, phytochemicals, active phytoconstituents, herbal extracts, natural active compounds, oral mucosa, mouth dissolving film

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39

Zhang, Yu Feng, Xi Zhang, Min Rui Li, and Bo Wang. "Study of Film Layer Structure and Resistance on High Strength Room Temperature Blackening." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4183.

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In this paper, the high strength room temperature blackening film on steel surface were prepared, the structure and the forming principle of the film were studied. The procedure of the Cu-Se-P system high strength composition blackening was researched, and the factors that affect the wear resistance of the film were analyzed [1]. The experiment shows that the procedure have many virtues, such as short treatment time, high efficiency, low cost, high adhesive strength, perfect wear resistance, which posed a new approach for blackening of machine parts.

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Dobha, Nidhi. "FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMLODIPINE LOADED IN-SITU FILM FORMING HYDROGEN FOR DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 4928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i3.2357.

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Present work involves the development of novel in situ film-forming hydrogels (FFH) consisting of primarily Carbopol 934P, HPMC E50 LV and PEG 400. Here, propylene glycol was employed as a permeation enhancer for studying its effect in the formation of FFH and drug permeation. Prepared formulations were assessed for various parameters. Prepared FFH was uniform in weight and thickness with acceptable pH, viscosity and spreadability. Prepared FFH was able to form the in- situ film on the skin surface within 7min. propylene glycol was found to have a direct relationship with moisture content, moisture uptake and water vapour transmission. Higher drug encapsulation and better permeation were also observed when the concentration of propylene glycol was increased. All formulations were non-irritating to the skin and thus acceptable. In conclusion, prepared in-situ film-forming hydrogel can be effectively used as a novel dermal drug delivery system.

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41

Spaska, O., AV L. Chumak, M. R. Maksymyuk, V. M. Rudenko, O. I. Kosenko, E. V. Polunkin, and O. O. Gaidai. "Influence of physico-chemical parameters of surface-active systems components for minimization of evaporation of hydrocarbon liquids." Catalysis and Petrochemistry, no. 31 (2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2021.31.084.

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Highly efficient stable aerated hydrophilic compositions containing fluorotensides and ultralight microdisperse systems using gas-filled glass, aluminosilicate and polymer microspheres have been developed. Designing the compositions of PAS based on the surface activity of surfactants, their solubility in water and the ability to bind water and the formation of hydrogen bonds between the components. The main condition for the stability of the coating when mixing the components - the chemical interaction between them and the formation of a system that does not dissolve in hydrocarbons and does not break down in terms of use. The best film-forming characteristics necessary for the operation of the coating (simultaneous reduction of surface tension and film formation) active substances (FPAR), the non-polar part of the molecules of which contains a fluorocarbon chain, so they are insoluble in hydrocarbons, well soluble in water and easily distributed on the surface of hydrocarbon liquids, creating a protective film. The choice of co-surfactants was based on the ability to stabilize hydrophilic films on the surface of hydrocarbons not only at favorable HLB, but also at the lowest, although higher than the critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM), concentrations for forming a mixed adsorption layer of increased strength. This surfactant was water-oil-soluble twin-80, which will significantly increase the hydrophilic part and enhance the stability of the PAS and the stability of the aerated system. The introduction of glass microspheres into the components of the system has significantly enhanced its strength and stability. In the study of the stability and gas permeability of the developed surfactant systems, it was found that the insulating ability of the coating increases with increasing hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the system and due to chemical interaction between the carboxyl group of fluorotenside and hydroxyl groups of surfactants.

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Borilo, Lyudmila P., Ekaterina S. Lyutova, and Larisa N. Spivakova. "Study of Biological Properties of Thin-Film Materials on the Basis of the SIO₂–P₂O₅–СaO System." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.427.

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Thin films were obtained from film-forming solutions by the sol-gel method on the basis of the SiO2-P2O5-СаO system. Thin films were produced on the single-crystal silicon substrates (model substrate) by extraction at a velocity of 5 mm/s following by heat treatment at a temperature of 60°С for 20 minutes and at a temperature of 600°С for 1 hour. During the experiment it was established that film-forming solutions are usable only for 2 to 7 days from the moment of preparation. Using thermal and infra-red – spectroscopic analysis main stages of oxide system formation were retraced. According to data from x-ray phase analysis phases CaClH2PO4∙H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O, CaHPO4∙2H2O, Ca2SiO4∙H2O, Ca5(PO4)3Cl. On the supporter’s surface a homogeneous film coating with quite equally spaced crystal-like formations with the diameter of 10-11 microns at the distance of 1-30 microns was formed. Phase composition, surface properties and biological activity of the synthesized materials were investigated. XRD results indicated that after being immersed into the SBF, hydroxylapatite, wollastonite, and chlorapatite were formed on the samples’ surfaces, which was important for practical applications

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43

Торхов, Н. А. "Слоевое сопротивление TiAlNiAu тонкопленочной металлизации омических контактов к нитридным полупроводниковым структурам." Физика и техника полупроводников 53, no. 1 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.01.46983.8886.

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AbstractThe relation between the geometry of the metric space of the thin-film TiAlNiAu metallic system surface and the geometry of the functional space of the sheet resistances R _ sq of this system is established. Based on the results obtained, the lateral size effect observed in the local approximation is described, which manifests itself in the dependence of the sheet resistance R _ sq of a TiAlNiAu metallic film on its lateral (in the ( x , y ) plane) linear sizes. The dependence of the R _ sq value on the linear sizes is shown to be determined by the fractal geometry of the forming dendrites, specifically, by the power dependence of a variation in the linear sizes on the fractal dimension D _ f . The obtained regularity is of great practical importance for accurate calculation of the R _ sq values of thin-film metal systems in designing discrete devices and integrated circuits and for controlling the technological processes of fabricating thin metallic films and systems based on them at the micrometer and nanometer scales.

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44

Parisi, Erica I., Nicole Bonelli, Emiliano Carretti, Rodorico Giorgi, Gabriel M. Ingo, and Piero Baglioni. "Film forming PVA-based cleaning systems for the removal of corrosion products from historical bronzes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0204.

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AbstractThis paper presents an innovative poly(vinyl)alcohol-based film forming system, specifically devised for the controllable and selective cleaning of copper-based artifacts. Traditional cleaning procedures are commonly performed using mechanical and/or chemical methods. Unfortunately, both these methods present some limitations related to both the poor selectivity and invasiveness in case of the mechanical procedure, and to the scarce control over the involved reactions when dealing with a chemical approach. The innovative system proposed in this work allows combining the advantages of chemical and mechanical treatments thanks to the confinement of a complexing agent (EDTA) within a fluid, polymeric matrix, that is able to form a solid thin film upon drying. After treatment, the polymeric film can be completely removed from the artwork through a gentle peeling action. In this contribution, the film formation mechanism was investigated by means of thermal analysis and rheology; the role of plasticizers, volatile solvent fraction, and quantity of loaded EDTA is also discussed. Finally, the results of cleaning tests performed on artificially aged samples, and on a real case study, the “Fontana dei Mostri Marini” by Pietro Tacca in Florence, are presented.

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Kuan, W. H., C. Y. Hu, and M. C. Chiang. "Treatment of As(V) and As(III) by electrocoagulation using Al and Fe electrode." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.405.

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A batch electrocoagulation (EC) process with bipolar electrode and potentiodynamic polarization tests with monopolar systems were investigated as methods to explore the effects of electrode materials and initial solution pH on the As(V) and As(III) removal. The results displayed that the system with Al electrode has higher reaction rate during the initial period from 0 to 25 minutes than that of Fe electrode for alkaline condition. The pH increased with the EC time because the As(V) and As(III) removal by either co-precipitation or adsorption resulted in that the OH positions in Al-hydroxide or Fe-hydroxide were substituted by As(V) and As(III). The pH in Fe electrode system elevate higher than that in Al electrode because the As(V) removal substitutes more OH position in Fe-hydroxide than that in Al-hydroxide. EC system with Fe electrode can successfully remove the As(III) but system with Al electrode cannot because As(III) can strongly bind to the surface of Fe-hydroxide with forming inner-sphere species but weakly adsorb to the Al-hydroxide surface with forming outer-sphere species. The acidic solution can destroy the deposited hydroxide passive film then allow the metallic ions liberate into the solution, therefore, the acidic initial solution can enhance the As(V) and As(III) removal. The over potential calculation and potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that the Fe electrode systems possess higher over potential and pitting potential than that of Al electrode system due to the fast hydrolysis of and the occurrence of Fe-hydroxide passive film.

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VEREȘ, SANDA, and IOANA MAGDAȘ. "THE USE OF ANIMATION FILM IN FORMING REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE PLANET EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM." Romanian Review of Geographical Education 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23741/rrge120203.

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47

Monica, Labella-Lorite, Gonzalez Jordi, and Fernandez-Campos Francisco. "In situ bioadhesive film-forming system for topical delivery of mometasone furoate: Characterization and biopharmaceutical properties." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 59 (October 2020): 101852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101852.

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Meng, K., J. Rong, X. H. Yu, and Y. Wang. "The Film Forming Mechanism of Chromium-free Passivation in the Tannic Acid System for Electrogalvanized Coating." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 281 (December 2017): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/281/1/012036.

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YUAN, JING, and MINGHUA LIU. "SUPRAMOLECULAR CHIRALITY OF THE LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS OF AN ACHIRAL 2-(HEPTADECYL)PHENANTHRO[9, 10-d]IMIDAZOLE." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (December 2006): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005005.

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A novel amphiphilic compound, 2-(heptadecyl)phenanthro[9, 10-d]imidazole (PhImC17), was synthesized and its assembly at the air/water interface was investigated. It has been found that although the compound was achiral, it can form a chiral Langmuir–Blodgett film through the interfacial organization. The larger aromatic ring of the compound, which caused the cooperative arrangement of the chromophore in the assembled ultrathin film, was suggested to play an important role in forming such supramolecular chirality. A comparison between the supramolecular chirality of the PhImC17 film with that of previously published 2-heptadecyl-naphtha[2, 3]imidazole film was performed and a further insight into the supramolecular chirality of the system from achiral molecules was proposed.

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Confalonieri, Giovanni A. Badini, Philipp Szary, Durgamadhab Mishra, Maria J. Benitez, Mathias Feyen, An Hui Lu, Leonardo Agudo, Gunther Eggeler, Oleg Petracic, and Hartmut Zabel. "Magnetic coupling mechanisms in particle/thin film composite systems." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 1 (December 1, 2010): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.1.12.

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Abstract:

Magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm and size distribution of 7% were chemically synthesized and spin-coated on top of a Si-substrate. As a result, the particles self-assembled into a monolayer with hexagonal close-packed order. Subsequently, the nanoparticle array was coated with a Co layer of 20 nm thickness. The magnetic properties of this composite nanoparticle/thin film system were investigated by magnetometry and related to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. Herein three systems were compared: i.e. a reference sample with only the particle monolayer, a composite system where the particle array was ion-milled prior to the deposition of a thin Co film on top, and a similar composite system but without ion-milling. The nanoparticle array showed a collective super-spin behavior due to dipolar interparticle coupling. In the composite system, we observed a decoupling into two nanoparticle subsystems. In the ion-milled system, the nanoparticle layer served as a magnetic flux guide as observed by magnetic force microscopy. Moreover, an exchange bias effect was found, which is likely to be due to oxygen exchange between the iron oxide and the Co layer, and thus forming of an antiferromagnetic CoO layer at the γ-Fe2O3/Co interface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Film-forming system'

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