Journal articles on the topic 'Film Farm'
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Carter, Angie. "Film Review: Truck Farm." Teaching Sociology 41, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x13485557.
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Tabacco, Ernesto, Francesco Ferrero, and Giorgio Borreani. "Feasibility of Utilizing Biodegradable Plastic Film to Cover Corn Silage under Farm Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082803.
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The degree of anaerobiosis and its maintenance over the conservation period are key factors in obtaining high quality silage. There is currently a demand to replace petroleum-based plastic films with biodegradable materials with suitable mechanical properties. This work has evaluated, under outdoor conditions, the shelf life of a Mater-Bi® biodegradable plastic (MB) film and its effects on the fermentative characteristics, microbial counts and aerobic stability of corn silage, and compared it with commercially available polyethylene (PE) and high oxygen barrier (OB) films. Corn (409 g DM/kg) was ensiled in 30 drive-over piles covered with MB, PE or OB films. The piles were opened after 21, 85, 133, 195 and 230 d of conservation. The effect of the film was assessed in silage sample close to (CF) and far (FF) from the film. The OB film allowed high quality corn silages to be obtained with similar pH, lactic acid, yeast and mold counts for CF and FF during the entire 230 d of conservation. The PE film showed similar values for the FF and CF areas for the first conservation period (until 133 d). The MB film showed a similar silage quality to OB until day 85, after which it underwent biodegradation and lost its ability to preserve silage in a good state.
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Miao, Fangfei. "Here and Now—Chinese People's Self-Representation in a Transnational Context." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2015 (2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2015.19.
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This paper is part of my dissertation that examines Chinese modern dance choreographers who have learned modern dance from American teachers. In it, I investigate a key topic in my dissertation—self-representation in a transnational context. By studying a Chinese documentary film Dance with Farm Workers (2001), I argue that farm workers, the marginalized group in contemporary China, are further alienated and marginalized in art. The choreographer Wen Hui and the film director Wu Wenguang fail to speak for the farm workers in the film's international tour. In Dance with Farm Workers, dance and film constitute a double-layered representation that silences Chinese farm workers. Also, this presentation arouses a question I must consider in writing my dissertation: how should I position myself, as a Chinese PhD student in American academia, in order to write about Chinese dance?
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Glenn, D. M., G. Puterka, and S. Drake. "253 The Use of Particle Film Technology in Tree Fruit Production." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 485F—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.485f.
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Particle film technology uses inert mineral particles to envelope a plant in a protective and porous “particle film.” The film appears to protect against insect damage by creating a hostile and unfamiliar environment, causing nonrecognition of the host, acting as an irritant, and giving poor adhesion or gripping of eggs and insects to the plant surface. Being porous, the particle film allows free exchange of water and carbon dioxide from the leaf during photosynthesis. The mineral particles are reflective of infrared radiation and reduce the heat load on the plant. Laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials demonstrate that particle film technology is a viable pest control practice for a wide range of insect and disease problems with additional horticultural benefits due to reduced heat stress. In field studies, reducing heat stress improved red apple color development, increased leaf photosynthetic rates, and increased yield. Particle film technology appears to be a viable alternative to conventional pesticide use in apple and pear production. Particle films have the added benefits of reducing plant heat stress and improving safety to farm workers, consumers, and the environment.
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Finn, Stephen Marcus. "Beyond the Fence: A Farmed Animal Rights Manifesto for Film." Journal of Animal Ethics 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.1.07.
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Abstract Film has not always been kind to farmed animals, maltreatment ranging from horrendous cruelty to anthropomorphization and training under duress. Admittedly, many fine documentaries have been made on maltreatment, but many of these tend to see farmed animals as a mass, with deindividuation leading to a psychic numbing in those watching. In contrast, narrative films on this theme generally have the farmed animal protagonists as human-like in being able to converse in the language of the people around them and generally with happily-ever-after endings, subverting the reality for most farmed animals. Writers on animal rights generally neglect film as a medium and its relationship to farmed animals. This article sets out a farmed animal rights manifesto (FARM) for film, aimed at overcoming these problems in insisting on ethical treatment in all ways.
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Zhao, Yiming, Fangyuan Zhang, Lu Li, Xiangjun Yang, Fengwei Zhang, Wuyun Zhao, and Qiang He. "Substitution Experiment of Biodegradable Paper Mulching Film and White Plastic Mulching Film in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081225.
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Biodegradable paper mulch has the advantages of being easily degradable and environmentally benign, but its own performance and adaptability to harsh environments have not been tested. This paper uses scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional morphometry to microscopically characterize biodegradable paper mulch and white plastic mulch. To analyze and compare their mechanical and hydrophobic properties, and weather resistance, the two mulches were measured through tensile tear load and static contact angle. A comparative analysis of the effect of mulching in the dry crop area of the Hexi Corridor was conducted by comparing the growth index, farm water heat, soil oxygen content, and yield using maize and flax. The test results show that biodegradable paper mulch films were slightly inferior to traditional white mulch films in terms of mechanical and hydrophobic properties, with inadequate insulation and moisture retention, but better in terms of aging resistance, soil oxygen content, and crop insulation and water storage capacity in the middle and growth stages. White mulch film had a better yield enhancement effect on maize, while with biodegradable paper mulch film, this was more significant with flax.
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Bao, Weihong. "Archaeology of a Medium: The (Agri)Cultural Techniques of a Paddy Film Farm." boundary 2 49, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 25–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-9615389.
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This essay explores a critical dialogue between methods and conceptions of cultural techniques—the second wave of media archaeology—and a case in contemporary Chinese documentary. I examine filmmaker Mao Chenyu, who is also an organic farmer, a critical thinker and writer, and a film exhibitor. Mao provides an intriguing case of how ethnography, ecology, and cosmology intertwine; how media art can take the form of media activism by redefining its boundaries and exhibition space; and how media art can be rethought by replacing its usual focus on media as object with a focus on media as space, community, and social process. By engaging Mao's film practice and critical writings, I test the promise and limits of cultural techniques to reopen the question of culture and public sphere without privileging the a priori of technical operations as the programmability of society.
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Dinç, Enis. "Performing Modernity: The Film of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on his Forest Farm." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 39, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2018.1479216.
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Alipio, Melchizedek I., Allen Earl M. Dela Cruz, Jess David A. Doria, and Rowena Maria S. Fruto. "On the design of Nutrient Film Technique hydroponics farm for smart agriculture." Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12, no. 3 (July 2019): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2019.02.008.
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Borreani, G., E. Tabacco, and L. Cavallarin. "A New Oxygen Barrier Film Reduces Aerobic Deterioration in Farm-Scale Corn Silage." Journal of Dairy Science 90, no. 10 (October 2007): 4701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0310.
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Ball, Andrew J. "Editor's Introduction." Screen Bodies 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2021.060101.
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The six essays in this in this issue of Screen Bodies explore what we might call the affective modalities of media, that is, each author examines the potential of emerging and traditional media to transform individual and collective relations through the strategic use of embodied affective experience. Three essays in the issue focus on new and emerging technology. In, “The iAnimal Film Series: Activating Empathy Through Virtual Reality,” Holly Cecil examines the potential power of virtual reality to generate empathy in users. In particular, she looks at the way animal advocacy organizations combine documentary film and virtual reality to communicate the embodied experience of living and dying in a factory farm to provoke feeling and widespread opposition to the industry.
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Xu, Dan Dan, and De Shen Liu. "The Experiment Study of the Pollution of Phthalate Compounds and Heavy Metals to Rice in the Film." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.303.
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With the popularity of plastic mulching technology, the residual agricultural mulch bring more and more negative effect. They destroy the soil structure and harm crops, so effect the agricultural environment. By means of pot and field experiment for rice growth periods, this paper study the content of DBP and DEHP, Pb and Cd in the plants are differences in different film residues at 850 farm in Heilongjiang. Experimental results show that people detect DBP content in plant rice, but DEHP composition has not been detected. Rice seedling DBP content was lower than harvest stem DBP content was lower than grain content. Rice seedlings to Pb and Cd content ripe grains in plants are within the normal concentration; its content requirements are still in the plant growth referral levels. The use of plastic-film mulch is uneconomic under existing plastic film collecting technology in the long run. And come up with study direction in the future.
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Hwang, Ying-Ming, Yih-Gang Wong, and Wu-Hsiung Ho. "Analysis of the Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Water Using SPME with CAR/PDMS and GC/ECD." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 1236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.4.1236.
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Abstract The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique using a 75 mm film of carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane was applied to the analysis of chloroacetanilide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor) residues. The feasibility of SPME with gas chromatography electron capture detection analysis has been evaluated. The effects of experimental parameters such as magnetic stirring, salt addition, humic acid addition, pH value, and extraction time, as well as desorption temperature and time, were investigated. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and limit of detection were also evaluated. The inhibition of humic acid to the extraction of chloroacetanilide herbicides was observed. A standard addition method for calibration was recommended to reduce deviations caused by matrix interferences. The proposed method provided a simple and rapid analytical procedure for chloroacetanilide herbicides in water with limits of detection 0.002–0.065 μg/L for deionized water, and 0.005–0.22 μg/L for farm water. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) for analyses of farm water were 7–20% for 0.5 μg/L chloroacetanilide herbicides. This application was illustrated by the analysis of sample collected from farm water in the Chung-hwa area, Taiwan.
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Marble, S. Christopher, Shawn T. Steed, Debalina Saha, and Yuvraj Khamare. "On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (December 2019): 866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04437-19.
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Mulches have been evaluated extensively as a weed management tool in container plant production, but most research has focused on loose-fill wood-derived mulch materials, such as pine bark or wood chips. In this experiment, pine (mixed Pinus sp.) bark (PB), shredded hardwood (HW), and pine sawdust were evaluated for weed control and crop response both alone and in combination with a guar gum tackifier alongside a plastic film mulch, a paper slurry mulch, and the paper slurry mulch + PB and compared with a nonmulched, nontreated control and a single application of preemergence herbicide (oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin). Mulch materials were applied to nursery containers ranging from 7 to 25 gal at two different nurseries and at two research centers in central Florida in 2017 and 2018. Results showed that the plastic mulch provided more than a 90% reduction in hand weeding time and weed weight over a 6-month period, and similar control was achieved with PB, paper slurry + PB, and the HW treatment (64% to 91% reduction in weeding time and weed weight). No growth differences were observed with any mulch treatment in any species evaluated including ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum), Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), or podocarpus (Podocarpus macrophyllum).
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Layne, Desmond R., Zhengwang Jiang, and James W. Rushing. "Tree Fruit Reflective Film Improves Red Skin Coloration and Advances Maturity in Peach." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (January 2001): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.234.
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Replicated trials were conducted during the summers of 1998 and 1999 at commercial orchards in South Carolina to determine the influence of ground application of a metalized, high density polyethylene reflective film on fruit red skin color and maturity of peach (Prunus persica) cultivars that historically have poor red coloration. At each site there were two experimental treatments: 1) control and 2) reflective film (film). Film was applied 2 to 4 weeks before anticipated first harvest date by laying a 150-cm (5-ft) wide strip of plastic on either side of the tree row in the middles. Treatment areas at a given farm ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 ha (0.5 to 1.0 acre) in size and each treatment was replicated four times at each site. At harvest, two 50-fruit samples were picked from each plot per treatment. All fruit were sized and visually sorted for color (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100% red surface, respectively). A 10-fruit subsample was selected following color sorting and evaluated for firmness and soluble solids concentration (SSC). All cultivars tested (`CVN1', `Loring', `Bounty', `Summer Gold', `Sunprince', `Cresthaven' and `Encore') experienced significant increases in percent red surface when film was used in 1998 and 1999. This color improvement ranged from 16% to 44% (mean = 28%). On average, fruit from film were 4.2 N (0.9 lb force) softer and had 0.3% higher SSC than control fruit. Growers harvested more fruit earlier and in fewer harvests for film. Fruit size was not affected by film. Reflected solar radiation from film was not different in quality than incident sunlight. Film resulted in an increase in canopy air temperature and a reduction in canopy relative humidity during daylight hours.
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Barron, Hal S. "Rural America on the Silent Screen." Agricultural History 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 383–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-80.4.383.
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Abstract This article analyzes American silent film depictions of rural life in order to understand their role in the creation of new conceptions of the countryside during the first third of the twentieth century. The rise of motion pictures during the 1910s and 1920s was a critical component of an emerging consumer culture in the United States that coincided with its broader transformation from a rural to an urban society. Because of this conjuncture, silent movies depicting agrarian life were instrumental in establishing new understandings of rural society for a modern, urban nation. They resonated with city audiences, particularly those who had been raised on the farm, as well as with rural and small-town moviegoers, and they helped to reconcile both groups to vexing social changes. Besides providing comfort in a time of transition, however, these films also facilitated the new order by subverting traditional understandings of agrarian life and distancing it from its previous position at the core of American culture.
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Veldi, Martti, Simon Bell, and Friedrich Kuhlmann. "Five-year plan in four: kolkhoz propaganda in film and documentaries in Estonia." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196310002.
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In 1951 the first colour film in was produced Soviet Estonia–Valgus Koordis (“Light in Koordi village”). This never-before-seen medium applied effective ideological symbols to visualise the power of collective effort with the scope of difficulties building up the new life in a freshly established collective farm (kolkhoz). It was straightforward propaganda to demonstrate that in spite of difficulties, collective farming was the only correct way to achieve prosperity in the countryside. The theme of the film was to show the goodness of Stalinist improvements in a poor post-war rural community at the end of the 1940s. In a very simple manner, topics such as nationalism, the class struggle, socialist ideology, kulaks, collective ownership, mechanisation of agriculture and large-scale land improvements were presented. To capture the wider audience and to increase social impact, the film also starred the rising opera star Georg Ots, still considered as one of the greatest Estonian opera singers ever. In addition to ideologically charged films, a type of propagandist short documentary, the ringvaade (newsreel) was produced in Soviet Estonia. These concentrated on various aspects ofSoviet lifestyle, aiming to demonstrate the achievements of collectiveideology, and the high morale of the Soviet working class. We studied these and other examples in order to examine the range of themes andmotifs presented in them, focusing on the ideological impact on the rural landscape caused by mechanisation, forest management and land melioration. What is revealed is an attempt to persuade the new kolkhozniki (collective farmers) of the benefits of the new system – which, ironically, had dispossessed many of them of their own farms which they had built up in the inter-war years (and which were restored to them after the collapse of the Soviet system in the 1990s).
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Yang, P. Y., H. Chen, N. Kongricharoern, and C. Polprasert. "Development of an On-Site Moderate Land Limited Small Farm Wastewater Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0029.
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Two types of pilot scale systems, namely, reactors in series and single reactor, were tested for developing an on-site small wastewater treatment plant. Combined bio-fixed film and aquatic plant for a moderate land limited and tropical application were tested for the proposed system. Anaerobically digested wastewater with TCOD concentration of about 500 and 1000 mg/L was used as the substrate and various hydraulic retentiontimes(HRT) and loading rates were tested for optimal removal of organic and inorganic pollutant contained in the anaerobically digested wastewater. It was found that the removal efficiencies of TCOD and NH4-N of more than 90% and 95%, respectively, could be achieved under the loading rate of 120 g TCOD/m3/day and 13 g NH4-N/m3/day and HRT of more than 14 days. The system has demonstrated that it is simple in construction and operation. It is highly possible to be integrated as one of the components of the swine waste management system in the tropics and moderate land limited conditions.
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Oyewole, Olamide, Paul Smart, David Ajani, and Julius Bayode Olorunfemi. "Effect of corrosion on surface degradation of galvanized steel in poultry dung, pig dung and urea solutions using rice straw as an inhibitor." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0010.
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Abstract Waste control is a big challenge in industries. The aim of this study is to control degradation of farm structure using rice husk as corrosion inhibitor in pig dung, poultry dung and urea solution environment. The rice straw was subjected to phytochemical analysis. The four variables: rice straw, Pig dung, urea and poultry dung solutions were used to determine the best approach to reduce the corrosion rate of galvanized steel used for farm structures. Time variation used was 3–12 days. The result from the phytochemical analysis showed that rice husk has constituents of a good inhibitor. The result from the variables’ mix in S1: A: 40 cm3; B: 40 cm3; C: 10 cm3 and D: 10 cm3 has the highest inhibition efficiency of 88.59%. The SEM result from the best combination showed that passive film was formed which was attributed to the adsorption via rice straw extract. The rice straw used in this study was an effective inhibitor. It is an agricultural waste that was converted into a viable process which is of economic value.
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Dragan, Piotr, and Zofia Lubańska. "ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POLYCRYSTALLINE AND THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAIC FARM IN THE DOLINA ZIELAWY." Inżynieria Ekologiczna, no. 50 (2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/65482.
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Peerapong, Prachuab, and Bundit Limmeechokchai. "Assessment of Electricity Generation on Different Inorganic and Metallic Embedded in Solar Photovoltaic Panels: Cases of Thailand." Key Engineering Materials 658 (July 2015): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.658.101.
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Photovoltaic (PV) has recently undergone impressive growth and substantial cost decreases. Basically wafer-based crystalline-Si PV technologies have the advantage of higher module efficiency as compared to thin-film PV, but thin-film PV has the advantage of lower production cost. The silicon-based solar PV needs light-induced charge separation at the p-n junction between two slices (wafers) of doped silicon in either single-crystal silicon (sc-Si) or polycrystalline (poly-Si). However until recently thin-film PV modules both amorphous silicon (a-Si) and non-silicon thin film technology have been advantageous developed. Metallic based modules such as cadmium telluride, CdTe and copper indium gallium diselenide, CIGS thin-film PV technologies have currently efficiencies of 16.1% and 15.7%, respectively. A high efficiency makes thin-film PV technologies more competitive with wafer-based crystalline-Si PV. This study investigates the electricity generation of both silicon based and non-silicon based solar PV modules. The implementation uses solar irradiation with average of higher than 18 MJ/m2.day in high solar radiation provinces in Thailand. A High solar radiation is observed in mostly in central and the east regions of the country. The result shows that the commercial amorphous PV module is appropriate for large scale installation while wafer-based crystalline-Si PV can be installed both in cases of solar rooftop and solar PV farm. Thin-film PV modules both silicon based (a-Si) and non-silicon based is basically appropriate for small installation such as solar rooftop and building integrated PV (BIPV). But in the near future the metallic based PV modules will be competitive with crystalline-Si PV in terms of both efficiency and with its lower cost.
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Косинова, Марина, and Marina Kosinova. "Distributing and returning mechanism of Soviet cinema in the period of «stagnation»." Servis Plus 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19460.
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The article discusses the process of film distribution in Soviet cinema in the 1970s. This complex, multi-path way of the film to the viewer that begins with scenarios of application, and finishes with the replication of film prints. This article describes the mechanism of film award, the system of payment of fees (“production fees”) of the Soviet filmmakers, depending on the category and the payment process “potirazhnye” («printing fees»). The author analyzes the work of «GUKK»- General Directorate of cinema spreading and the distribution, the specifics of its work in the “stagnation”, considering the work of the distribution companies and cinemas, the mechanism of distribution of gross income of cinemas, in the period of “stagnation”, they were rather nominal
in nature. Every filmmaker knew only his job and his salary, the overall picture of the industry was not inter-esting for him. Distributing and returning links of Soviet cinema, in essence, were not for its return and were separated from production. According to the notorious principle of thematic planning it was obligatory to make certain proportions of films about the leading role of the party and its leaders, revolution, the working class, the collective farm of the village and etc. The Soviet Studio were to run the movies of similar subjects every year regardless of whether they had appropriate, high-quality scripts, good Directors and, most importantly, potential
audience. Based on the studied material the author concludes that in the 1970-ies the Central headquarters of the Soviet cinematography – Institute of State cinema of USSR –determined: who, what, where and when to watch at the cinemas. The professional consciousness of each member of the creative team, therefore, did not fix the desire to achieve success with the audience, and the willingness to achieve recognition by the College of the Institute of State cinema and the film award of the highest category (which assumed significant additional benefits and bonuses). However, Institute of State cinema («Goskino»), the state cinema management was not the ultimate authority in the control of cinema industry process. At the head of the system was the Communist party.
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Abilova, Ramina O., and Tatiana P. Krasheninnikova. "“Scenes in the Soviet Russia. Summer of 1930”: Frank Fetter`s Film about His Soviet Trip in 1930." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2022): 1025–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1025-1041.
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The article presents results of studying the amateur film “Scenes in the Soviet Russia. Summer of 1930” by the American economist Frank Whitson Fetter (1899–1991) filmed in the Soviet Union in the summer of 1930. Firstly, it reviews historiography of amateur cinema and notes methods used in the research on Fetter's film. The section “Context of creation” reconstructs conditions of filming the movie in the USSR and circumstances of its currency. Fetter came to the country with intention of becoming expert in Soviet economics. He came well prepared: he had a Leica camera, a 16 mm Bell & Howell movie camera, and large supply of films. Fetter spent six days in Moscow and six weeks in Kazan, voyaged on the Volga and the Caspian Sea, visited the Caucasus, and then returned to Moscow for three days and went back to the United States. During his trip, he took about 300 photographs and made a 40-minute movie. While photographs have already been introduced into scientific use, the film remains unknown to scholars and wide audience. The section “Movie content and aesthetics” considers plot and film techniques and elements. The movie consists of three parts: his stay in Moscow, his visit to the Autonomous Tatar Republic (ATSSR), cruise on the Volga and the Caspian Sea. The starting point for the analysis was Pierre Bourdieu's research on amateur photography. According to his conclusions, each group of people chooses a certain range of objects, genres, and compositions for shooting, and thus, the image is socially constructed. Fetter's cinematic area was determined by his research interests and experience. His draft notes confirm that his focus during filming was on the economic sphere. The movie aesthetics direct the viewer's eye to these plots. While observing everyday life, Fetter captured urban and rural transport infrastructure, trade relations, purchase and sale process and range of goods, queues. When visiting the countryside, Fetter observed the harvest and filmed various stages of the process. The film focuses on production and material base of individual and collective farms, organization and conditions of peasants work, residential and farm buildings, details of everyday life. The Volga-Caspian voyage permitted to capture the state of water transport, conditions of passenger and goods transportation. He devoted particular attention to filming propaganda materials. Thus, the film represents his professional interests and highlights socio-economic situation during the New Economic Policy dismantlement and transition to forced industrialization and collectivization.
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Olsen, J. K., and R. K. Gounder. "Alternatives to polyethylene mulch film — a field assessment of transported materials in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 1 (2001): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00077.
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Materials used as mulches may be either transported to the farm then laid on the soil surface or grown in situ. To assess biodegradable alternatives to non-degradable polyethylene film, the response of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Target) grown in soil beds covered with hessian (burlap), hardwood sawdust, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) trash, paper film, black biodegradable polymer film, white polyethylene film, or left uncovered was investigated in a field trial during the autumn–winter growing season in subtropical Australia. Use of a split-plot design (mulch whole plots with weeded or unweeded subplots) permitted both weed growth and the effect of weed competition on fruit yield to be measured. The presence of substances within the materials that were possibly detrimental to plant growth was assessed in a separate experiment. The weight of marketable fruit was highest for capsicum plants grown in the weeded subplots of biodegradable polymer and polyethylene, although the yields from these subplots were not different from those for plants grown in the weeded subplots of the paper and sawdust or the unweeded subplots of the biodegradable polymer and paper. The reduction in weight of marketable capsicum fruit from weed competition was ranked for the various mulch treatments as follows: paper < biodegradable polymer < cane trash < polyethylene < hessian < sawdust < bare soil. More hours at optimum soil temperature for root growth (18.9–30˚C) before canopy closure probably accounted for the variation in marketable yield of the capsicum crop. Results from the mulch toxicity experiment indicated that the mulch materials were unlikely to contain phytotoxic substances. Provided the practical difficulties of laying paper film can be overcome and the high cost of biodegradable polymer is reduced, these materials appear to be the best of the biodegradable alternatives tested to polyethylene film.
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Chuszcz, Patrycja. "Dynamika edukacyjna aktywistów i system produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki." Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 31, no. 40 (January 17, 2023): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2022.40.06.
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The article aims to analyze the educational dynamics of activists and the film production system of the Open Cages Association (SOK). It is an organization that fights for the rights of ‘farm animals’ through campaign videos published on the internet. In video-activist film productions and through educating volunteers and authors of audiovisual materials, SOK is aims at the effectiveness and optimization of time and costs of work. For this reason, it uses non-formal and informal forms of education. This organizational approach resembles that of a corporate strategy and strengthens social inequalities (non-formal and informal education is not available to everyone). This is in contradiction with the postulate of SOK – equality of all animals. Nevertheless, the activities of the organization are recalibrated. SOK subordinates them to the primacy of effectiveness in acting for the benefit of non-human living beings. I reconstruct the experiences of activist-filmmakers on the basis of in-depth interviews I have carried out with members of the organization.
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Zhang, Xiaodan. "A Path to Modernization: A Review of Documentaries on Migration and Migrant Labor in China - Manufactured Landscapes (2007) 90 minutes. Director: Jennifer Baichwal. Director of photography: Peter Mettler. Produced by Nick de Pencier, Daniel Iron, and Jennifer Baichwal. Released by Zeitgeist Films. - Bing Ai (2007) 114 minutes. Director, writer, and producer: Feng Yan. http://www.cidfa.com/modules/index.php - Up the Yangtze (2008) 94 minutes. Writer and director: Yung Chang. Director of photography: Wang Shi Qing. Producers: Mila Aung-Thwin, Germaine Ying-Gee Wong, and John Christou. Released by Zeitgeist Films. - Losers and Winners (2007) 96 minutes. Directors: Ulrike Franke and Michael Loeken. Released by Icarus Films. - China Blue (2005) 86 minutes. Producer and director: Micha X. Peled. Released by Bullfrog Films. - Mardi Gras (2007) 74 minutes. Producer, director, and editor: David Redmon. Directors of photography: David Redmon and Kathleen Rivera. Released by Carnivalesque Films. - A Decent Factory (2005) 79 minutes. Directed, written, and produced by Thomas Balmès for Margot Films/BBC, and Kaarle Aho for Making Movies. Released by First Run/Icarus Films." International Labor and Working-Class History 77, no. 1 (2010): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990317.
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None of the award-winning films reviewed in this article has a blissful tone. In these films, we watch young girls in assembly lines producing all sorts of commodities in China as well as four hundred Chinese workers disassembling a coking plant in Germany. We are immersed in people's personal stories, such as a peasant woman forced to leave her farm and her lone hut, located in the area due to be submerged by the Three Gorges Dam project, and a sixteen-year-old girl learning to labor on a cruise ship along the Yangtze River. In most of the films we also meet managers, Chinese or foreign, who are concerned with nothing but maximizing profit through intense exploitation of labor. These films document how the massive force of modernization in a globalized world affects lives of common people in China. Their struggles with poverty, corrupt officials, and greedy business owners are displayed in sharp contrast to both shining metropolitan glory and rural banality. In this regard, the Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky's photographs of China, as shown in the film Manufactured Landscapes, seem emblematic enough: Modernization in China has altered the trajectory of people's lives as well as the landscapes of their nation. This article discusses the issues embedded in the stories the seven documentaries present: the impact of global capitalism; the relations between national development and globalization; the conflicts between corporate social responsibility and profit-making; and the predicament of migrant workers and their human agency.
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Faustova, M. O., G. A. Loban, O. A. Nazarchuk, and M. M. Ananieva. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PLANKTONIC AND FILM FORMS OF CANDIDA GLABRATA AND CANDIDA ALBICANS TO CATIONIC SURFACTANT ANTISEPTICS." Medical and Ecological Problems 23, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2019.23.1-2.06.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of planktonic and film forms of C. albicans and C. glabrata to cationic surfactant antiseptics. Materials and methods. The study was based on investigating 20 clinical strains of C. albicans and 15 C. glabrata isolated from surgical inpatientsю. The sensitivity of planktonic forms of investigated strains to antiseptic agents was quantitatively evaluated by two-fold serial dilutions (macrodilution) in Sabouraud liquid nutrient medium. Biofilm-forming properties of clinical strains C. albicans and C. glabrata were assessed by using the Christensen’s spectrophotometric method (MtP-test “microtiter plate test”). The influence of the antiseptics on C. albicans and C. glabrata film forms was assessed by the reproduction of the biofilms according to the above-described procedure with adding antiseptics in sub-bacteriostatic concentrations and the subsequent spectrophotometric ODU assessment. In the study we used antiseptics based on cationic surfactants, chlorhexidine digluconate 0.05 (Chlorhexidine-KR, manufactured by PJSC “Khimfarmzavod “Chervona zirka"”, Kharkiv, Ukraine (CHH)) and decamethoxin 0.2 (Decasan, produced by Yuria-Farm LLC ", Kyiv, Ukraine (DCM)). Results. According to the research results, lower sensitivity of C. glabrata strains to CHH was found, compared to the sensitivity of C. albicans strains. In addition, the activity of DCM in the investigated representatives of Candida spp. did not differ significantly. Clinical strains of C. glabrata were more susceptible to DCM compared to their susceptibility to CHH. C. albicans strains showed medium film-forming properties, while C. glabrata - high. The investigated cationic surfactant antiseptics possessed the same degree of activity on the film-forming properties of clinical strains of Candida spp. Conclusions. Cationic surfactant antiseptics (CHH and DCM) possess antifungal activity against planktonic and film forms of C. albicans and C. glabrata.
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Borreani, G., and E. Tabacco. "Low Permeability to Oxygen of a New Barrier Film Prevents Butyric Acid Bacteria Spore Formation in Farm Corn Silage." Journal of Dairy Science 91, no. 11 (November 2008): 4272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1151.
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Webb, D. R., C. J. Eckenrode, M. L. Hessney, and A. G. Taylor. "Seed Maggot Control, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.83a.
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Abstract A hand-pushed ‘V’ belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each treatment row at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, N.Y. A 2-4 inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition. This bait, when placed in the seed furrow, has reduced stands in bean plantings by up to 50%, so care was taken to avoid mixing with the seed. Each plot consisted of single-row treatments (15 ft), 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seeds were treated using conventional slurry methods on 1 Jul, or film coatings on 30 Jun; plots were planted 2 Jul; and damage counts were made 16 Jul. The film coatings were applied by A.G. Taylor (Dept. of Hort. Science, NYS Agric. Expt. Sta., Geneva. N.Y.) by suspending Trigard 75 WP and Captan (2.5 oz form/seed cwt) in a 15% solution of Opadry F (Colorcon Co.) and then spraying the seeds with the suspension. Emerged seedlings in each row were counted and percent damage was calculated using no. damaged plants.
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Yadav, Saroj, and Geeta Gaba. "Awareness of farm workers regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1732.
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Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses of cotton crop and maintain high product quality. Because of high biological activity, and in some cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides (pyrethroids, carbamate, oganophosphate, organochlorines) may cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses. Farmers who perform spray activity are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides (Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, pyrethroids and carbamates), than the other farm workers such as pesticide loader, evaluator. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and use of the appropriate protective clothing and equipments in all stages of pesticide handling. The present study was conductedon 270 respondents from all nine blocks of Hisar district of Haryana state to create awareness amongst them regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application.An educational package in the form of Video CD and Leaflet was used. Pamphlets were distributed; lecture-cum-demonstrations and film shows were organized. Protective clothing and accessories were also exhibited for better impact. It was recorded that respondents succeeded in acquiring awareness at post exposure level, through print and electronic media for each message viz. breathing problems (23.3%), eyes related problems (100%), skin allergy (43.3%), headache (60.3%), fainting due to inhalation of pesticide (64.33%) and stomach related problems (23.56%).
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Gilreath, James P., Bielinski M. Santos, Myriam N. Siham, Paul Vaculin, and Michael Herrington. "EFFECT OF VIF ON METAM, CHLOROPICRIN, AND 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION ON NUTSEDGE POPULATIONS." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 506A—506. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.506a.
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Previous research has demonstrated stimulation of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) with chloropicrin when applied at rates ranging from 100 to 150 lbs/acre (112 to 168 kg·ha–1) under low or high density polyethylene film mulch. This stimulatory effect has been exploited in research by developing a program of metam application 5 days after application of chloropicrin, thus placing metam in the soil once the tubers have begun to sprout and are most vulnerable. This project was expanded in 2004–05 to include the commercial emulsifiable concentrate formulation of 65% 1,3-dichloropropene and 35% chloropicrin (1,3-D + Pic) and virtually impermeable film mulch as well as high density polyethylene film. The test site was a commercial tomato farm in west central Florida with a heavy infestation of purple nutsedge. Chloropicrin was applied into raised beds through three gas knives, while 1,3-D + Pic and metam potassium were applied in 1 acre inch of water through 2 drip irrigation tubes spaced 10 inches apart and 5 inches from the bed center. Metam was applied 5 days after application of chloropicrin and 1,3-D + Pic. Treatments were applied under both standard high density polyethylene film (Hilex and Bromostop) VIF. Stimulation of nutsedge sprouting and emergence was about the same with either chloropicrin alone or combined with 1,3-D; however, there was some enhancement when applied under VIF. There was a slight improvement in efficacy of metam potassium when applied alone under VIF, contrary to previous results. Application of metam 5 days after application of chloropicrin or 1,3-D + Pic greatly improved nutsedge control over that observed without the subsequent application of metam and VIF improved results to some degree. Producers of drip irrigated crops in Florida can achieve acceptable to excellent nutsedge control using this sequential application technique combined with VIF; however, the addition of a second drip tube on the bed top increases expense by about $125/acre and is not compatible with crops grown with more than a single row on the bed.
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KOGURE, H., S. KAWASAKI, K. NAKAJIMA, N. SAKAI, K. FUTASE, Y. INATSU, M. L. BARI, K. ISSHIKI, and S. KAWAMOTO. "Development of a Novel Microbial Sensor with Baker's Yeast Cells for Monitoring Temperature Control during Cold Food Chain." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.182.
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A novel microbial sensor containing a commercial baker's yeast with a high freeze tolerance was developed for visibly detecting inappropriate temperature control of food. When the yeast cells fermented glucose, the resulting gas production triggered the microbial sensor. The biosensor was a simple, small bag containing a solution of yeast cells, yeast extract, glucose, and glycerol sealed up with multilayer transparent film with barriers against oxygen and humidity. Fine adjustment of gas productivity in the biosensor at low temperatures was achieved by changing either or both concentrations of glucose and yeast cells. Moreover, the amount of time that food was exposed to inappropriate temperatures could be deduced by the amount of gas produced in the biosensor. The biosensor was stable without any functional loss for up to 1 week in frozen storage. The biosensor could offer a useful tool for securing food safety by maintaining low-temperature control in every stage from farm to fork, including during transportation, in the store, and at home.
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Radhathirumalaiarasu, S., and I. Parveen Taj. "Novel alkaline protease of Staphylococcus cohnii N3 isolated from poultry farm soil used for silver recovery from waste X-ray film." International Journal of Applied Research 7, no. 6 (July 1, 2021): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i6d.8692.
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Layne, Desmond R., Zhengwang Jiang, and James W. Rushing. "578 The Influence of Reflective Film on Red Skin Color and Maturity of Peaches in South Carolina." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 496A—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.496a.
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Replicated trials were conducted in summers of 1998 and 1999 at several commercial orchards to determine the influence of a metalized, high-density polyethylene reflective film (SonocoRF, Sonoco Products Co., Hartsville, S.C.) on fruit red skin color and maturity of peach cultivars that historically have poor red coloration in South Carolina. At each site there were two experimental treatments: i) Control; and ii) Reflective Film (RF). RF was laid 2 to 4 weeks before anticipated first pick date by laying a 5-ft-wide strip of plastic on either side of the tree row in the middles. Treatment blocks at a given farm ranged from 0.5 to 1 acre in size and each treatment was replicated four times at each site. At harvest, two 50-fruit samples were picked from each block per treatment. All fruit were sized and visually sorted for color (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100% red surface, respectively). A 10-fruit subsample was selected following color sorting and evaluated for puncture pressure and soluble solids concentration (SSC). All cultivars tested (CVN1, Loring, Bounty, Summer Gold, Sun Prince, Cresthaven, and Encore) experienced significant increases in percent red surface when RF was used in 1998 and 1999. This color improvement ranged from 16 to 44% (mean = 28%). On average, fruits from RF were 0.8 lb softer and had 0.3% higher SSC than control fruits. Growers harvested more fruit earlier and in fewer picks for RF. Fruit size was not affected by RF. The influence of RF on orchard microclimate and quality and quantity of reflected light will be discussed.
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Bedych, T. V., A. B. Shayakhmetov, M. S. Omarov, and T. I. Isintayev. "Application of an alternative energy source in the form of solar radiation and carbon-based fuel flexible material for the heating of mobile farm housing." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2021-021.
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Abstract In residential and industrial premises, optimum conditions for human activity must be created. In areas without central heating supply, heating of a mobile living space is provided by solid fuel boilers. There may be fuel outages at a distance from an inhabited locality. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to create a heating system for a farmer’s house by using carbon-based fuel flexible materials and solar stations. Farmhouse heating system that heats mobile living quarters remote from power lines and communities through the use of carbon-based fuel flexible materials and solar stations is proposed by the authors. The technical result consists in that, in the claimed system, the heating device is a carbon-based fuel flexible material supplying electricity from the solar station. Carbon-based fuel flexible material is a thermal film (heating grid), which is made by interweaving longitudinal and transverse carbon filaments and, for safety reasons, covered with an electrical insulating material.
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Carruthers, S. "Redacted. Dir. by Brian De Palma. Prod. by Jason Kilot, Simone Urdl, Joana Vicente, and Jennifer Weiss. Film Farm and HDNet Films, 2007. 90 mins. (Magnolia Home Entertainment, http://www.magpictures.com/)." Journal of American History 95, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25095600.
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Kim, Kab-Cheol, Byung-Koo Ahn, Hyung-Gook Kim, and Seong-Soo Jeong. "Effect of Expeller Cake Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties and Red Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Yield in Soil of Organic Farm of Plastic Film Greenhouse." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 45, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2012.45.6.1022.
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Lindner, Andrew M., and Ziggy Schulting. "How Movies with a Female Presence Fare with Critics." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117727636.
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This study explores one potential mechanism contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women in film by considering whether movie critics reward or penalize films with an independent female presence. Drawing on a sample of widely distributed movies from 2000 to 2009 (n = 975), we test whether films that pass the Bechdel Test (two or more named women speak to each other about something other than a man) have higher or lower Metacritic scores net of control variables, including arthouse production label, genre, production budget, including a top star, and being a sequel. The results indicate that the mere inclusion or absence of an independent female presence has no effect on a film’s composite critical evaluation. These findings suggest that while critical reviews are not a major factor contributing to women’s exclusion from film, movie critics as a whole do not advocate for films with an independent female presence.
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Maksimova, Svetlana, Denis Poleshchuk, Svetlana Ponomarenko, Aleksandr Bashtovoy, and Ekaterina Shadrina. "Prospects for the Disposal of By-Products from the Processing of Aquatic Biological Resources." E3S Web of Conferences 320 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132001006.
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The expediency of using waste generated during industrial processing of commercial aquatic biological resources is justified. By-products obtained as a result of cutting fish and non-fish objects represent a significant source of biologically valuable substances. The article provides information on the use of secondary raw materials for the production of feed products for farm animals, birds and aquaculture facilities for the production of biologically valuable products, biofuels. The paper presents an assessment of the technological potential of by-products formed during the processing of the most profitable commercial objects – crabs and salmon. Such bu-products include carapace of the cephalothorax, crab entrails, as well as the caviar film remaining during the punching of salmon fish hawks. The assessment of the total chemical composition of the waste from the cutting of the blue crab was carried out. The high biological value of the hepatopancreas and carapace crab proteins was revealed. The general chemical waste from punching of chum salmon hawks is given. The high biological value of these waste lipids was confirmed by evaluating their fatty acid composition. The possibility and necessity of using the studied waste for the production of biologically valuable products is experimentally justified.
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García Carrizo, Jennifer. "La construcción de marca de distrito cultural y creativo del "Ouseburn Valley" (Newcastle Upon Tyne, Reino Unido): análidis de su documentación filmográfica." Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información 42 (September 24, 2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dcin.64420.
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Esta investigación estudia el Distrito Cultural y Creativo del Ouseburn Valley (Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Reino Unido) identificando sus espacios más relevantes mediante un análisis de la filmografía asociada a él. Se localizan los actores principales del distrito en aras de considerarlos a la hora de gestionar la imagen de marca de los distritos culturales y creativos, la cual es de gran importancia ya que estos espacios son clave para la revitalización urbana (Rosselló y Wright, 2010; UNESCO, 2016).
Aplicando la Teoría Fundamentada (Glaser y Strauss, 1967; Saunders, Thornhill y Lewis, 2009), se realiza un análisis de contenido de una selección de 24 archivos audiovisuales producidos entre 1939 y 2019 y vinculados al Ouseburn Valley, los cuales se han recuperado gracias al archivo fílmico del Ouseburn Trust y al North-East Film Archive. Así, se comprende la evolución del distrito, estableciéndose e identificándose los valores vinculados al mismo y cómo estos han ido variando históricamente. Igualmente, se identifican los actores más importantes (como la Ouseburn-Farm); aquellos que el imaginario colectivo asocia a este espacio gracias textos audiovisuales como los analizados y cuya identificación es de relevancia para la gestión de la marca-distrito del Ouseburn Valley.
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Merwin, I. A., D. A. Rosenberger, C. A. Engle, D. L. Rist, and M. Fargione. "Comparing Mulches, Herbicides, and Cultivation as Orchard Groundcover Management Systems." HortTechnology 5, no. 2 (April 1995): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.2.151.
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Natural (hay, wood chips, recycled paper pulp) and synthetic (polypropylene film and polyester fabric) mulches were compared with mechanical tillage and residual herbicides as orchard groundcover management systems (GMSS). In two New York orchards-the Clarke farm and Hudson Valley Lab (HVL—GMSS were applied from 1990 to 1993 in 1.8-m-wide strips under newly planted apple (Malus domestica; `Liberty', `Empire', `Freedom', and advanced numbered selections from the disease-resistant apple breeding program at Geneva, N.Y.) trees. GMS impacts on soil fertility, tree nutrition and growth, yields, crop value, and vole (Microtus spp.) populations were evaluated. After 3 years at the Clarke orchard, extractable NO3, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn concentrations were greater in soil with herbicides than synthetic mulches; soil K and P concentrations were greater with herbicides and wood chips than synthetic mulches. At the HVL orchard, topsoil NO3, K, and Mg concentrations were greater with hay mulch than herbicides or other mulches; Mg, Fe, and B concentrations were lower in soil with wood chips than other GMSs. Soil organic matter content was not affected by GMS. Apple leaf N, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations were greater with herbicides, hay mulch, and polypropylene mulch than cultivation or recycled paper mulch at the HVL orchard during hot, dry Summer 1991. Despite transient differences among GMSS during the initial years, after 4 years of treatments there were no consistent GMS trends in cumulative tree growth or gross yields. The higher establishment and maintenance costs of several mulches were offset by their prolonged efficacy over successive years; crop market values from 1992 to 1994 were considerably greater for trees with polypropylene film, polyester fabric, and hay mulches than herbicides, cultivation, or other mulches. Voles caused more serious damage to trees in synthetic and hay mulches, despite the use of mesh trunk guards and rodenticide bait.
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Borreani, G., and E. Tabacco. "Improving corn silage quality in the top layer of farm bunker silos through the use of a next-generation barrier film with high impermeability to oxygen." Journal of Dairy Science 97, no. 4 (April 2014): 2415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7632.
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Sriani, Ni Kadek, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, and Cokorda Anom Bayu Sadyasmara. "Upaya Perbaikan Penanganan Anggur (Vitis vinifera L. Var. Alphonso lavallee) dalam Distribusinya dari Petani Desa Kalianget Buleleng ke Denpasar." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 8, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2020.v08.i03.p07.
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Efforts to improve are expected to minimize the damage to grapes during the distribution process. The aims of this study were to find out the number channel and the distribution of grape from farmers of Kalianget Village on Buleleng to Denpasar, to determine the handling of grape in distribution and to analysis the impact of postharvest repairs on grape damage from farmers of Kalianget Village on Buleleng to Denpasar with improvement treatment replacement and addition of packaging materials in the form of plastic containers, the addition of PE plastic films and pieces of paper. The method used to determine the distribution lines is the snowball sampling method in the form of surveys and interviews with the Commodity System Assessment Method (CSAM). There are four lines in the distribution, that is line I (Farmer-Middleman-Retailer-Consumer), line II (Farmer-Middleman-Restaurant-Consumer), line III (Farmers-Middleman-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer) and line IV (Farmer-Middleman-Wholesaler-Wine Industry-Consumer). Postharvest improvement was carried out on the distribution channel which have the most loss, namely on line I with a percentage of damage of 3.90%. Postharvest handling from the farmer to the retailer includes the process of harvesting, sorting, weighing, packaging, storage, distribution and displaying. The impact of handling postharvest loss of grape on the sorting process at the farm level is 1.81% (non significant), middleman level is 1.13% (non significant), wholesaler level is 2.41% (non significant) and retailer level is 8.36% (significant). Improvement efforts made can reduce the level of loss in grape. Replacement and addition of grape packaging materials in the form of PE plastic film, pieces of paper and the use of plastic container can reduce the percentage of damage which is 7.5%.
Keywords : Grape, packaging, postharvest, CSAM, handling improvements
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Al-Othman, Ahmed A., Mohamed A. Mattar, and Mohammed A. Alsamhan. "Effect of mulching and subsurface drip irrigation on soil water status under arid environment." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): e1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020181-15343.
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Aim of study: We investigated water evaporation of the soil surface and the soil water distribution under different mulching techniques using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system.Area of study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experimental Farm in Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, locating 24.4195° N, 46.65° E, and 552 m altitude.Material and methods: The two types of soil surface mulching were black plastic film (BPF) and palm tree waste (PTW), with no mulching (NM) as control. The two drip line depths from the soil surface (DL) were 15 cm and 25 cm, and surface drip irrigation (DI) was the control.Main results: In SDI, the use of BPF or PTW mulching resulted in enhanced water retention capacity of the soil and an approximately 6% water saving, compared with NM. The amounts of water saved at DL of 15 cm (19-24 mm) were greater than those at DL of 25 cm (15-20 mm), whereas the DI used the highest amount of applied water. The distribution of soil water content for BPF and PTW were found to be more uniform than NM.Research highlights: It is advised to mulch the soil with PTW due to lower costs and through a DL of 15 cm.
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Kim, You-Young, Jae-Young Joo, Jong-Min Kim, and Sun-Kyu Lee. "Compact Measurement of the Optical Power in High-Power LED Using a Light-Absorbent Thermal Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144690.
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LED (Light-Emitting Diode) presents advantages such as luminescence, reliability, durability compared with conventional lighting. It has been widely applied for life, healthcare, smart farm, industry, and lighting from indoor to the automotive headlamp. However, the LED is vulnerable to thermal damage originated from the high junction temperature, especially in high power applications. Hence, it requires precise qualification on the optical power and the junction temperature from the pilot line to secure reliability. In this study, the photo-thermal sensor is proposed by employing a sheet-type thermocouple composed of photo-absorbent metal film and thermocouple. This sensor aims low-cost qualification in pilot line for high-power luminous devices and optical monitoring of costly luminaire such as automobile LED headlamp. The sensor is designed to detect the increased temperature response of LED hot spots from the transferred thermal power and absorbed optical power. The temperature response of each sheet-type thermocouple is utilized as a signal output of the absorbed optical power and hot spot temperature based on the introduced sensor equation. The proposed thermal sensor is evaluated by comparing the experiment with the measured reference value from the integrating sphere and the attached thermocouple at a junction. The experiment result reveals 3% of the maximum error for the optical power of 645 mW.
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Dolkar, Phuntsog, Phuntsok Angmo, Diskit Dolkar, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Om Praksah Chaurasia, and Tsering Stobdan. "Effect of Mulching, Shading, Spacing and Cutting Thickness on Propagation of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) by Cuttings." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12093.
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<p>The effect of plastic mulching, coloured shade netting, spacing and cutting thickness on rooting success and growth of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) through hard wood cuttings is addressed. Use of silver black plastic mulching film resulted in 10 per cent higher rooting success and significant plant growth. Suppression of weed emergence by the plastic mulch resulted in 75.8 per cent time saving in manual weeding by farm workers. No significant gender difference in rooting success was observed. Reduction in light intensity by 66 per cent using green shade net resulted in significant reduction in rooting and growth of nursery plants. Three different spacing between cuttings did not show significant difference in rooting and growth related parameters suggesting that cuttings can be planted denser (3"×3") under mulching to get higher number of nursery stock per unit area. Cutting thickness showed significant effect on rooting success. Highest rooting percentage was observed in pencil thickness cuttings (7.5 ± 1.6 mm dia) followed by cuttings with 2.9 ± 0.8 mm and 11.3 ± 1.7 mm basal diameter. The result of the present study could facilitate establishment of a vegetative propagation method wherein faster growth and larger number of cuttings can be propagated with higher rooting success rate.</p>
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Yue, Weipeng, Yu Xue, and Yan Liu. "High Humidity Aerodynamic Effects Study on Offshore Wind Turbine Airfoil/Blade Performance through CFD Analysis." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7570519.
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Damp air with high humidity combined with foggy, rainy weather, and icing in winter weather often is found to cause turbine performance degradation, and it is more concerned with offshore wind farm development. To address and understand the high humidity effects on wind turbine performance, our study has been conducted with spread sheet analysis on damp air properties investigation for air density and viscosity; then CFD modeling study using Fluent was carried out on airfoil and blade aerodynamic performance effects due to water vapor partial pressure of mixing flow and water condensation around leading edge and trailing edge of airfoil. It is found that the high humidity effects with water vapor mixing flow and water condensation thin film around airfoil may have insignificant effect directly on airfoil/blade performance; however, the indirect effects such as blade contamination and icing due to the water condensation may have significant effects on turbine performance degradation. Also it is that found the foggy weather with microwater droplet (including rainy weather) may cause higher drag that lead to turbine performance degradation. It is found that, at high temperature, the high humidity effect on air density cannot be ignored for annual energy production calculation. The blade contamination and icing phenomenon need to be further investigated in the next study.
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Королева, С. В. "Economic evaluation of growing sweet pepper for processing." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.85.30.003.
Full textAbstract:
Важный критерий оценки гибрида или сорта, определяющий его конкурентоспособность, – экономическая эффективность выращивания в условиях товарного производства. Цель исследований – определить экономическую эффективность выращивания перспективного гибрида перца сладкого F1Тибет (селекция ФГБНУ «ФНЦ риса») в товарном овощеводстве по интенсивной технологии. Производственные испытания проводили в 2019–2020 годах в ООО «Агро-Союз» Крымского района Краснодарского края. Рассаду выращивали в пленочной теплице с обогревом. Высадку рассады на гряды проводили с 5 мая механизированно с одновременной укладкой капельной ленты и мульчирующей биоразлагаемой пленки. Схема посадки ленточная – 90+50/2×30 см. Количество растений на 1 га – 50 тыс. шт. Система минерального питания включала основное внесение комплексного удобрения – 700 кг/га азофоски и регулярных подкормок, в зависимости от фазы развития. В подкормки на 1 га за период вегетации вносили: кальциевую селитру – 300 кг, карбамид – 200 кг, аммиачную селитру – 200 кг, нитрат калия – 100 кг, сульфат калия – 100 кг, ортофосфат калия – 50 кг, ортофосфорную кислоту – 50 л. Система защиты от бактериальных болезней включала еженедельную обработку (до восьми раз за сезон) биофунгицидами: Фитолавином (0,5 л/га), Фитоспорином М (1 л/га) и Витопланом (0,1 кг/га). Полив проводили 1–2 раза в неделю согласно показаниям тензиометров, установленных на глубину 15 и 30 см. Убирали красные плоды два раза за сезон, в октябре получали дополнительный урожай зеленых плодов. Производственные испытания показали, что гибрид F1 Тибет раннего срока созревания создан для товарного производства и отвечает требованиям перерабатывающей промышленности. Гибрид показал высокий уровень рентабельности (89,5–106,3%) при сборе урожая в биологической спелости плодов. Результаты производственных испытаний также продемонстрировали высокую экономическую эффективность и востребованность гибрида и его аналогов в товарном овощеводстве по приемлемой цене гибридных семян (7,0–7,6% от общих затрат). An important criterion for evaluating a hybrid or variety that determines its competitiveness is the economic efficiency of cultivation in commercial production. The purpose of the research is to determine the economic efficiency of growing a promising hybrid of sweet pepper F1 Tibet (selection of FSBSI «Federal Rice Center») in commodity vegetable growing by intensive technology. Farm tests were carried out in 2019–2020 at Agro-Soyuz LLC in the Crimean district of Krasnodar region. Seedlings were grown in a film greenhouse with heating. Seeds were sown in cassettes No96 in the first decade of March. The planting of seedlings on the ridges was carried out mechanized with simultaneous laying of drip tape and mulching biodegradable film was carried out from May 5. The planting scheme is ribbon – 90+50/2×30 cm. The number of plants per 1 ha is 50 thousand units. The mineral nutrition system included the main application of complex fertilizer – 700 kg/ha of azofoska and regular top dressing, depending on the phase of development. During the growing season, calcium nitrate – 300 kg, carbamide – 200 kg, ammonium nitrate – 200 kg, potassium nitrate – 100 kg, potassium sulfate – 100 kg, potassium orthophosphate – 50 kg, orthophosphoric acid – 50 litre were added to the top dressing per 1 ha. The system of protection against bacterial diseases included weekly treatment (up to eight times per season) with biofungicides: Phytolavin (0.5 l/ha), Phytosporin M (1 l/ha) and Vitoplan (0.1 kg/ha). Watering was carried out 1–2 times a week, according to the indications of tensiometers installed at a depth of 15 and 30 cm. Red fruits were harvested twice a season, in October they received an additional harvest of green fruits. Farm tests have shown that the F1 Tibet hybrid of the early ripening period is created for commercial production and meets the requirements of the processing industry. The hybrid showed a high level of profitability (89.5–106.3%) when harvesting in biological ripeness of fruits. The results of farm tests also demonstrated the high economic efficiency and demand for hybrid and its analogues in commercial vegetable growing at an affordable price of hybrid seeds (7.0–7.6% of total costs).
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Liu, Jianxu, Changrui Dong, Shutong Liu, Sanzidur Rahman, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Sources of Total-Factor Productivity and Efficiency Changes in China’s Agriculture." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070279.
Full textAbstract:
The core of agricultural development depends on agricultural production efficiency improvement, and total-factor productivity growth is its significant embodiment. Hence, it is essential to address the question of “how to improve China’s agricultural productivity and efficiency in order to achieve growth and sustainability of agriculture in the future”. This paper estimates indices of China’s agricultural technical efficiency (TE) scores, total-factor productivity (TFP), and its two components, technological change/progress (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC), using provincial-level panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2017 by applying a stochastic frontier approach (SFA). The paper also identifies determinants of TE, TC, and TFP using selected indicators from four hierarchical levels of the economy, i.e., farm level, production environment level, provincial level, and the state level, by applying a system-GMM method. Results reveal that agricultural labor, machinery, agricultural plastic film, and pesticides are the significant drivers of agricultural productivity, with no significant role of land area under cultivation. Constant returns to scale exist in China’s agriculture. The agricultural technical efficiency level fluctuated between 80% and 91% with a stable trend and a slight decline in later years, while TFP improved consistently over time, mainly driven by technological progress. Among the determinants, government investment in agricultural development projects significantly drives TC and TE, while the experienced labor force significantly increases TE. The disaster rate significantly reduces TE but promotes TC and TFP. The literacy rate significantly improves TC and TFP. However, government expenditures in “agriculture, forestry, and water” significantly reduce TE, TC, and TFP. Policy recommendations include (1) increased levels of mechanization and agriculture film use while avoiding an increase in pesticide use, (2) a continued increase in government expenditure in agricultural development projects, R&D to improve technological progress, and diffusion of modern agricultural technologies, and (3) investment in education targeted at the farming population in order to continue the growth in the productivity and sustainability of China’s agriculture.
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Błażewicz-Woźniak, Marzena. "Effect of soil and plant covering and sowing time on the yield of fennel bulbs grown from sowing directly in the field." Folia Horticulturae 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0160.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A field experiment on fennel growing (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum Mill.) was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on a grey-brown podzolic soil. The experiment included the following factors: three kinds of covers - soil covering with black polyethylene film (PE 0.05 mm), soil covering with black polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP 50 g m-2) and flat covering of plants with white polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP 17 g m-2); three sowing terms - April, May, June; two fennel cultivars - ‘Rudy F1’ and ‘Zefa Fino’. Soil mulching with PP50 and, to a slightly lesser degree, black PE, caused an increase in the total and marketable yield of fennel bulbs and had a favourable effect on the yield structure. The lowest yield, with the highest share of non-marketable bulbs, was obtained following plant covering with PP17. The bulbs were the largest in the experimental treatments with PP50 mulching. The smallest bulbs were harvested following PP17 plant covering. For fennel growing, the most favourable sowing time was April. The lowest yield was obtained from the June sowings. The cultivars studied did not vary in terms of yield level and structure. The bulbs of the ‘Zefa Fino’ cultivar were longer and more slender than those of the ‘Rudy F1’ cultivar