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Dalgaard, T., J. F. Bienkowski, A. Bleeker, U. Dragosits, J. L. Drouet, P. Durand, A. Frumau, et al. "Farm nitrogen balances in six European landscapes as an indicator for nitrogen losses and basis for improved management." Biogeosciences 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2012): 5303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5303-2012.
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Abstract. Improved management of nitrogen (N) in agriculture is necessary to achieve a sustainable balance between the production of food and other biomass, and the unwanted effects of N on water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity deterioration and human health. To analyse farm N-losses and the complex interactions within farming systems, efficient methods for identifying emissions hotspots and evaluating mitigation measures are therefore needed. The present paper aims to fill this gap at the farm and landscape scales. Six agricultural landscapes in Poland (PL), the Netherlands (NL), France (FR), Italy (IT), Scotland (UK) and Denmark (DK) were studied, and a common method was developed for undertaking farm inventories and the derivation of farm N balances, N surpluses and for evaluating uncertainty for the 222 farms and 11 440 ha of farmland included in the study. In all landscapes, a large variation in the farm N surplus was found, and thereby a large potential for reductions. The highest average N surpluses were found in the most livestock-intensive landscapes of IT, FR, and NL; on average 202 ± 28, 179 ± 63 and 178 ± 20 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. All landscapes showed hotspots, especially from livestock farms, including a special UK case with large-scale landless poultry farming. Overall, the average N surplus from the land-based UK farms dominated by extensive sheep and cattle grazing was only 31 ± 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1, but was similar to the N surplus of PL and DK (122 ± 20 and 146 ± 55 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively) when landless poultry farming was included. We found farm N balances to be a useful indicator for N losses and the potential for improving N management. Significant correlations to N surplus were found, both with ammonia air concentrations and nitrate concentrations in soils and groundwater, measured during the period of N management data collection in the landscapes from 2007–2009. This indicates that farm N surpluses may be used as an independent dataset for validation of measured and modelled N emissions in agricultural landscapes. No significant correlation was found with N measured in surface waters, probably because of spatial and temporal variations in groundwater buffering and biogeochemical reactions affecting N flows from farm to surface waters. A case study of the development in N surplus from the landscape in DK from 1998–2008 showed a 22% reduction related to measures targeted at N emissions from livestock farms. Based on the large differences in N surplus between average N management farms and the most modern and N-efficient farms, it was concluded that additional N-surplus reductions of 25–50%, as compared to the present level, were realistic in all landscapes. The implemented N-surplus method was thus effective for comparing and synthesizing results on farm N emissions and the potentials of mitigation options. It is recommended for use in combination with other methods for the assessment of landscape N emissions and farm N efficiency, including more detailed N source and N sink hotspot mapping, measurements and modelling.
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Carvalho, Igor Quirrenbach de, Clóves Cabreira Jobim, Milene Puntel Osmari, and João Luiz Pratti Daniel. "Occurrence of visible losses and relationship with corn silage management in dairy farms in the State of Paraná." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 43 (August 19, 2020): e49933. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.49933.
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The aim of this study was to relate the occurrence of visible losses in silage (effluent, spoiled top-layer and during feedout) with silage-making practices, physical and chemical characteristics of silage, and milk composition in Brazilian dairy herds. One-hundred and eight silos from 95 farms, in the State of Parana, were visited for data collection. Data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact and Pearson Correlation Test. Effluent loss was higher in silages with the lowest dry matter content. Using unwalled clamp (drive-over piles) silos, neglecting a protection over the plastic film, and unloading silage with a bucket increased the occurrence of top spoilage. Feedout losses were higher in farms where: the crop was harvested with self-propelled machines; the particle size was larger, and the silage density was lower. There was no relationship between visible losses and silage composition or milk composition, except for milk fat content that, unexpectedly, there was a positive correlation with spoiled silage in the top-layer. Silage losses are reduced by adopting good practices during silage production and feedout.
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Boykin, Sseruwagi, Alicai, Ateka, Mohammed, Stanton, Kayuki, et al. "Tree Lab: Portable genomics for Early Detection of Plant Viruses and Pests in Sub-Saharan Africa." Genes 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090632.
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In this case study we successfully teamed the PDQeX DNA purification technology developed by MicroGEM, New Zealand, with the MinION and MinIT mobile sequencing devices developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to produce an effective point-of-need field diagnostic system. The PDQeX extracts DNA using a cocktail of thermophilic proteinases and cell wall-degrading enzymes, thermo-responsive extractor cartridges and a temperature control unit. This closed system delivers purified DNA with no cross-contamination. The MinIT is a newly released data processing unit that converts MinION raw signal output into nucleotide base called data locally in real-time, removing the need for high-specification computers and large file transfers from the field. All three devices are battery powered with an exceptionally small footprint that facilitates transport and setup. To evaluate and validate capability of the system for unbiased pathogen identification by real-time sequencing in a farmer’s field setting, we analysed samples collected from cassava plants grown by subsistence farmers in three sub-Sahara African countries (Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya). A range of viral pathogens, all with similar symptoms, greatly reduce yield or destroy cassava crops. Eight hundred (800) million people worldwide depend on cassava for food and yearly income, and viral diseases are a significant constraint to its production. Early pathogen detection at a molecular level has great potential to rescue crops within a single growing season by providing results that inform decisions on disease management, use of appropriate virus-resistant or replacement planting. This case study presented conditions of working in-field with limited or no access to mains power, laboratory infrastructure, Internet connectivity and highly variable ambient temperature. An additional challenge is that, generally, plant material contains inhibitors of downstream molecular processes making effective DNA purification critical. We successfully undertook real-time on-farm genome sequencing of samples collected from cassava plants on three farms, one in each country. Cassava mosaic begomoviruses were detected by sequencing leaf, stem, tuber and insect samples. The entire process, from arrival on farm to diagnosis, including sample collection, processing and provisional sequencing results was complete in under 3 h. The need for accurate, rapid and on-site diagnosis grows as globalized human activity accelerates. This technical breakthrough has applications that are relevant to human and animal health, environmental management and conservation.
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Olu-Okelola, Moses, and Andrew J. Errington. "Alternative strategies for the collection of farm management data in Nigeria." Agricultural Administration and Extension 28, no. 4 (January 1988): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90004-9.
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Nogueira, Teresa, Daniel G. Silva, Susana Lopes, and Ana Botelho. "Database of Metagenomes of Sediments from Estuarine Aquaculture Farms in Portugal—AquaRAM Project Collection." Data 7, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7110167.
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Aquaculture farms and estuarine environments close to human activities play a critical role in the interaction between aquatic and terrestrial surroundings and animal and human health. The AquaRAM project aimed to study estuarine aquaculture farms in Portugal as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and the potential of its spread due to mobile genetic elements. We have assembled a collection of metagenomic data from 30 sediment samples from oysters, mussels, and gilt-head sea bream aquaculture farms. This collection includes samples of the estuarine environment of three rivers and one lagoon located from the north to the south of Portugal, namely, the Lima River in Viana do Castelo, Aveiro Lagoon in Aveiro, Tagus River in Alcochete, and Sado River in Setúbal. Statistical data from the raw metagenome files, as well as the file sizes of the assembled nucleotide and protein sequences, are also presented. The link to the statistics and the download page for all the metagenomes is also listed below.
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Neethirajan, Suresh, and Bas Kemp. "Social Network Analysis in Farm Animals: Sensor-Based Approaches." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020434.
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Natural social systems within animal groups are an essential aspect of agricultural optimization and livestock management strategy. Assessing elements of animal behaviour under domesticated conditions in comparison to natural behaviours found in wild settings has the potential to address issues of animal welfare effectively, such as focusing on reproduction and production success. This review discusses and evaluates to what extent social network analysis (SNA) can be incorporated with sensor-based data collection methods, and what impact the results may have concerning welfare assessment and future farm management processes. The effectiveness and critical features of automated sensor-based technologies deployed in farms include tools for measuring animal social group interactions and the monitoring and recording of farm animal behaviour using SNA. Comparative analyses between the quality of sensor-collected data and traditional observational methods provide an enhanced understanding of the behavioural dynamics of farm animals. The effectiveness of sensor-based approaches in data collection for farm animal behaviour measurement offers unique opportunities for social network research. Sensor-enabled data in livestock SNA addresses the biological aspects of animal behaviour via remote real-time data collection, and the results both directly and indirectly influence welfare assessments, and farm management processes. Finally, we conclude with potential implications of SNA on modern animal farming for improvement of animal welfare.
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Riyana, Surapon, Nobutaka Ito, Tatsanee Chaiya, Uthaiwan Sriwichai, Natthawud Dussadee, Tanate Chaichana, Rittichai Assawarachan, Thongchai Maneechukate, Samerkhwan Tantikul, and Noppamas Riyana. "Privacy Threats and Privacy Preservation Techniques for Farmer Data Collections Based on Data Shuffling." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 16, no. 3 (June 25, 2022): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2022163.246469.
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Aside from smart technologies, farm data collection is also important for smart farms including farm environment data collection and farmer survey data collection. With farm data collection, we observe that it is generally proposed to utilize in smart farm systems. However, it can also be released for use in the outside scope of the data collecting organization for an appropriate business reason such as improving the smart farm system, product quality, and customer service. Moreover, we can observe that the farmer survey data collection often includes sensitive data, the private data of farmers. Thus, it could lead to privacy violation issues when it is released. To address these issues in the farmer survey data collection, an anatomization model can protect the users' private data that is available in farmer survey data collection to be proposed. However, it still has disorganized issues and privacy violation issues in the sensitive table that must be addressed. To rid these vulnerabilities of anatomization models, a new privacy preservation model based on data shuffing is proposed in this work. Moreover, the proposed model is evaluated by conducting extensive experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is more efficient than the anatomization model for the farmer survey data collection. That is, the adversary can have the confidence for re-identifying every sensitive data that is available in farmer survey data collection that is after satisfied by the privacy preservation constraint of the proposed model to be at most 1/l. Furthermore, after the farmer survey data collection satisfies the privacy preservation constraint of the proposed model, it does not have disorganized issues and privacy violation issues from considering the sensitive values.
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van Veersen, J. C., O. Sampimon, R. G. Olde Riekerink, and T. J. G. Lam. "On-farm udder health monitoring." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 39, no. 02 (2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624622.
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SummaryIn this article an on-farm monitoring approach on udder health is presented. Monitoring of udder health consists of regular collection and analysis of data and of the regular evaluation of management practices. The ultimate goal is to manage critical control points in udder health management, such as hygiene, body condition, teat ends and treatments, in such a way that results (udder health parameters) are always optimal. Mastitis, however, is a multifactorial disease, and in real life it is not possible to fully prevent all mastitis problems. Therefore udder health data are also monitored with the goal to pick up deviations before they lead to (clinical) problems. By quantifying udder health data and management, a farm is approached as a business, with much attention for efficiency, thought over processes, clear agreements and goals, and including evaluation of processes and results. The whole approach starts with setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time-bound) goals, followed by an action plan to realize these goals.
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Gnip, P., and K. Charvát. "Management of zones in precision farming." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 9 (March 2, 2012): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5425-agricecon.
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Precision farming is a very fast developing form of the Farm Management System, especially in crop production, in whole world and in our country as well. There, it is adopted since the second half of the 90s of the 20th century. The system of data collection, analysis, presentation and application of information in precision farming is reaching over the possibilities of their use by common farmers or agricultural companies. Service companies in this case play a very important role as an executor of exacting analysis, data collection and their presentation. Management zones present simplification of the difficult operations and recommendations including economic calculations for the common user involved in the precision farming management.
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Musdi, Musdi. "PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PETANI TERHADAP KELESTARIAN HASIL DAN USAHA HUTAN RAKYAT JATI DI KABUPATEN MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2021.18.2.87-98.
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Farm forestry is one form of farming business developed by the community in Muna District. Farm forestry businesses are expected to provide product for supporting farmer economic condition. Sustainable farm forestry management must be supported by competent farmers. Farmer’s competencies consisting of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and actions have not been identified, therefore it is necessary to conduct an assessment to determine their performance in order to maintain and improve the yield and business of farm forestry. This study aims to analyze the relationship between farmer competence and the sustainability of farm forestry product and business. Data collection was taken by using purposive sampling. Data analysis uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is operated by the Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program. Farm forestry business is not a main livelihood for the community which makes the farmers’ income does not depend on their farm forestry earnings. The results of this study indicate that the competency of farm forestry farmers and its several influencing factors have a significant impact on farm forestry sustainable management, especially in terms of product and business sustainability.
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Ritonga, Mudhita Zikkrullah, and Risdawati Br Ginting. "The Partial Least Square (PLS) Analysis: The Relationship of Production Management and Business Analysis of Goat Farm in Deli Tua Village, Namorambe District, North Sumatera Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v2i1.689.
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Goat farm business provides income and income for the community. The main factor in determining goat farm business development is feed availability. This study aims to identify the relationship between production management and business analysis of goat farm in Deli Tua Village, Namorambe District, North Sumatera, Indonesia. This study used survey method, with questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion as data collection techniques. Sample village and respondents were determined by purposive sampling from 25 respondents who own 25-50 goats. The data were analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results show that there is a relationship between production analysis and business analysis. Keeping management is production management indicators that have impacts on business analysis.
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Van Almelo, Jack, Quirine M. Ketterings, and Sebastian Cela. "Integrating Record Keeping with Whole Farm Nutrient Mass Balance: A Case Study." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 6 (May 10, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n6p22.
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<p>A whole farm nutrient mass balance (NMB) assessment gathers information on farm characteristics, nutrient imports and exports; provides indicators of farm production efficiency, potential environmental footprint; and helps identify opportunities for management improvements. Simplifying the data collection process facilitates wider NMB adoption. Our objectives were to: (1) integrate the NMB assessment into “Fields and Crops Manager”, an on-farm crop management program; (2) evaluate existing, on-farm, software packages for their ability to supply data for the assessment; and (3) document farmer response prior to and after conducting an NMB with the integrated record system. Software evaluated included the DRMS DHI-202 Herd Summary report, Centerpoint Accounting, PCDART and Quickbooks Accounting software, FeedWatch and TMR Tracker feeding systems, and Dairy Comp 305 herd management software. Six dairy farmers participated in the evaluation. The NMB results were presented and discussed in group meetings with each farmer. The records in the Fields and Crops Manager program and other software packages were not complete enough to allow for automated transfer of data into the NMB tool. Instead, the new NMB function within Fields and Crops Manager was used as a platform to enter, calculate, and store the NMB. Despite initial hesitation about participating, all six farmers concluded that (1) the NMB assessment was worth the data collection effort; and (2) meetings with farm advisors (crop planner, nutritionist) greatly improved the value of the NMB. The biggest obstacle to calculating NMBs can be overcome if purchases are recorded in the farm’s accounting software as invoices are entered.</p>
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Lan, Hsun-Yu, Naomi Ubina, Shyi-Chyi Cheng, Shih-Syun Lin, and Cheng-Ting Huang. "Digital Twin Architecture Evaluation for Intelligent Fish Farm Management Using Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010141.
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Precision aquaculture deploys multi-mode sensors on a fish farm to collect fish and environmental data and form a big collection of datasets to pre-train data-driven prediction models to fully understand the aquaculture environment and fish farm conditions. These prediction models empower fish farmers for intelligent decisions, thereby providing objective information to monitor and control factors of automatic aquaculture machines and maximize farm production. This paper analyzes the requirements of a digital transformation infrastructure consisting of five-layered digital twins using extensive literature reviews. Thus, the results help realize our goal of providing efficient management and remote monitoring of aquaculture farms. The system embeds cloud-based digital twins using machine learning and computer vision, together with sensors and artificial intelligence-based Internet of Things (AIoT) technologies, to monitor fish feeding behavior, disease, and growth. However, few discussions in the literature concerning the functionality of a cost-effective digital twin architecture for aquaculture transformation are available. Therefore, this study uses the modified analytical hierarchical analysis to define the user requirements and the strategies for deploying digital twins to achieve the goal of intelligent fish farm management. Based on the requirement analysis, the constructed prototype of the cloud-based digital twin system effectively improves the efficiency of traditional fish farm management.
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Elgarej, Mouhcine, Khalifa Mansouri, and Mohamed Youssfi. "Modelling of Logistics Monitoring System for Milk Collection Based on Swarm Intelligence." International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation 3, no. 2 (July 2020): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2020070104.
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Over the last 30 years, the milk processing process has shifted from the farm to the centralized cheese factory, which has had an impact on the management of transport logistics. In Morocco, several dairy units are located in rural areas with a poor road network, which means that milk collection has a significant impact on profit, affecting milk transport costs. The objective of this work is to develop a decision support tool based on internet of things technologies to optimize milk collection routes, reduce the cost of milk transport, and improve collection density. The tool developed in this study is based on a SIG system and farm milk volumes to estimate the cost per liter of milk for the regular route and to recalculate the same cost for the optimized collection route, combined with IoT technology to ensure the communication process between dairy farms, trucks, and dairy plants.
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Onofre, Thiago Borba, Clyde W. Fraisse, Janise McNair, Jasmeet Judge, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Natalia A. Peres. "A Design and Development Experience of an Internet of Things Platform to Monitor Site-Specific Weather Conditions at the Farm Level." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 4 (2021): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14005.
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Highlights We present an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to monitor site-specific weather conditions at the farm level. We built a distributed mesh network of sensor nodes using open-source and open-hardware tools. We tested different communication range scenarios and installation setups. Emerging IoT technologies are susceptible to failure but have the potential to improve site-specific data collection. Abstract . This article describes the design, deployment, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to monitor site-specific weather conditions at the farm level using wireless sensor networks (WSN). A distributed mesh network of sensor nodes was developed using open-source software and hardware tools to monitor temperature and relative humidity in-field environmental conditions. The IoT prototype was tested at the University of Florida’s research farm. Data from the sensor nodes were compared to a Florida Automated Weather Network weather station. The results of this study will contribute to the implementation of site-specific collection tools and with site-specific decision management in specialty crop production systems. A significant advantage of IoT and WSN over a standalone weather station is the capability to monitor micro-weather conditions that may lead to site-specific management operations. Keywords: Affordable, Farm, Internet of Things, Mesh Network, Prototype, Wireless Sensor Network.
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Waine, Katie, Constance White, Rachel S. Dean, Chris Hudson, Jonathan N. Huxley, and Marnie L. Brennan. "Assessing the Feasibility of Retrospective and Prospective Clinical Audit in Farm Animal Veterinary Practice." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8040062.
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As a quality improvement tool, clinical audit has been extensively described in the medical literature. There is scant literature on the use of clinical audit in the farm animal veterinary setting. This study describes the process and feasibility of prospective and retrospective data collection for farm animal clinical audit performed at three different farm animal practices in the United Kingdom. Retrospective clinical audit was difficult in all three practices due to barriers in establishing diagnosis and patient identity from clinical records. Prospective data collection proved feasible but depended on adequate case accrual and practitioner engagement. The decision to conduct clinical audit retrospectively or prospectively will depend on the topic to audit, the availability of data and the wishes of the team members involved. Further work is required looking at the use of clinical coding and alternatives to using practice management software to improve retrospective data availability for clinical audit.
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Rautaray, Sachin Kanta, Rachana Dubey, Sachidulal Raychaudhuri, Sanatan Pradhan, Sheelabhadra Mohanty, Rajeeb Kumar Mohanty, and Sunil Kumar Ambast. "Sustainable agriwaste management at farm level through self-reliant farming system." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 7 (April 29, 2020): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20920350.
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Annually 500 M t organic wastes are produced in India from the agriculture sector. Transportation of bulky organic manures for centralized collection, processing and distribution to farms is cost prohibitive. Hence, recycling of agricultural wastes using vermicompost technology at the farm level is a practical way of managing agriwaste for meeting the plant nutrient requirement. Our experience with a 1.584 ha farm for three years (2015–2016 to 2017–2018) revealed that 8.1 t vermicompost was produced in three batches from 24 t agriwastes produced within the farm area. The system productivity by recycling these farm generated agriwastes and run-off water was 18.05 t (≈11.4 t ha−1) rice equivalent yield which was higher by 2.6 times as compared to rice fallow (4.46 t ha−1). Also, the net return from this system (Indian rupees 70141 ha−1) was higher by 2.3 times, after considering the fixed cost towards construction of a water recycling pond. An increase in carbon stock in soil for the four years study period was 0.66 Mg ha−1 year−1 with the agriwaste recycling system under organic nutrition. For the inorganic fertilizer plot, the increase in carbon stock was 0.53 Mg ha−1 year−1. A decrease in bulk density from 1.56 to 1.46 Mg m−3, increase in water holding capacity from 0.43 to 0.52 cm3 cm−3 and increase in available P and K content in soil from 38.0 and 174.7 kg ha−1 to 45.8 and 186.5 kg ha−1, respectively, were noted. Thus, recycling of agricultural waste at the farm level is useful in improving soil health and crop productivity.
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Fang, Hui, Jiandi Jiang, Feng Lin, and Wei Zhang. "Optimized Design of Multilines Center of Subway AFC System via Distributed File System and Bayesian Network Model." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1500829.
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Automatic fare collection system (AFCS) is a modern, automatic, networked toll collection system for rail transit ticket sales, collection, billing, charging, statistics, sorting, and management. To realize the subway transit networking operation, this paper designs the subway AFCS based on a distributed file system (DFS), namely, Gluster File System (GlusterFS). Firstly, the multiline center (MLC) in the subway AFCS is designed to analyze the status and current situation of distributed file processing in subway MLC system; secondly, the relevant technical theories are summarized, the Bayesian Network (BN) theoretical model and DFS are explored, and the principles of four DFS are comparatively analyzed; thirdly, the architecture and cluster mode of GlusterFS is expounded, and then based on GlusterFS, the architecture of subway AFCS is discussed. This paper presents several innovation points: first, the subway AFCS is designed based on GlusterFS by analyzing and aiming at the functional requirements, performance requirements, and safety requirements of the MLC subway system; second, the safety risk analysis (SRA) of AFCS is conducted from six security requirements, and a Web scanning system is designed to ensure the system data security. Finally, the design scheme is used to analyze the subway passenger flow and power consumption. The results demonstrate that the design scheme can competently adapt to three different application scenarios. Through comparison of two deployment modes of the Web scanning system, the data security Web scanning system can ensure the safe operation of the AFCS. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of subway passenger flow and power supply data shows that the proposed scheme can support the smooth operation of the subway system, which has significant practical value.
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Kotimah, N., N. Irwani, and K. Magfiroh. "Penyakit Orf Pada Kambing (Studi Kasus di CV Mitra Farm, Bogor, Jawa Barat)." PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) 1 (July 22, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v1i1.1475.
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Goats are livestock that is classified as small ruminants. One of the factors that influence goat productivity is health management. Health management is a disease control process so that livestock productivity can be maximized. One of the goat diseases in CV Mitra Tani Farm is an 'orf' disease. "Orf" is a scab that attacks the area around the goat's mouth. The ‘orf’ disease is caused by a zoonotic virus. Orf can cause goats to have difficulty in consuming food, so that the goats become thin, and increase morbidity. The purpose of this Final Project was to determine the occurrence of 'orf' disease in goats in CV Mitra Tani Farm. PE goats and pea goats were used as observation material. Observation, interviews, and secondary data collection were used to collect data in the CV. Mitra Tani Farm. Based on the observations of ‘orf’ disease in CV Mitra Tani Farm can be concluded that the clinical symptoms seen are blisters in the area around the mouth on the edge of the right lip. Orf disease management in the CV. Mitra Tani Farm was cleaning scabs around the mouth and administration of drugs in the form of gusanex® and vitamin B-complex. Keywords: Goat, orf disease, management
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Padmaningrum, D., and N. Widyas. "The role of local knowledge system in enhancing Peranakan Etawa goat farm." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 902, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/902/1/012042.
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Abstract The local livestock knowledge system is seen as the contributor to agricultural and rural development but not all local knowledge has the opportunities to be explored, customized, and applied to follow developmental dynamics. This research aimed to analyze the local livestock knowledge system of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats from its elements, roles, management, and knowledge dissemination. This study was conducted in Kaligesing Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency, Central Java using qualitative methods. The data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. Participants were determined purposively which consisted of smallholder farmers. The data validity was checked using triangulation of data sources and methods. Data analysis included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and data collection. The results indicated that the PE goat farming local knowledge system elements existed by the integration of traditional and scientific knowledge systems that were distributed and applied by the farmers’ community as a source of livestock knowledge. Management and dissemination of local knowledge use the combination of traditional and modern patterns.
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Anderson, Les. "84 Awardee Talk: Managing Reproduction: A key to Profitability." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.070.
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Abstract In agriculture, the ability to reproduce dictates gross revenue and reproductive success is the culmination of implementation of multiple management practices that optimize the probability the animal will reproduce. About four decades ago, Extension Specialists recognized the need to develop a holistic approach to beef cattle management. Integrated Resource Management (IRM) is a concept developed by the Cooperative Extension Service and the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association and the concept represents a systems approach designed to enhance the competitiveness, efficiency, and profitability of the beef business. My Extension program has focused on enhancing reproductive efficiency, revenue, and profits using IRM concepts and a hands-on approach. Nearly 2,000 farm visits and multiple Extension programs to thousands of producers have demonstrated methods to improve productivity and profitability. Perhaps the most impactful program was the UK IRM Farm Program. This program combined standard educational meetings discussing health, nutrition, genetics, and reproduction with extensive farm visits. Baseline data was obtained from each cooperator and farm goals were ascertained. From these, production plans were developed and implemented with the help of local Extension Agents. At the conclusion of the program, 147 producers from 84 counties with 6,943 cows committed to this program. Data collection and management was central to this project. We obtained gross data from all cooperators and accurate impact data from a subset of these producers. Integrated, organized management decreased the length of the calving season, increased calving percent, weaning percent, weaning weight and pounds of calf per cow exposed. Revenue was increased by 34% on average with a range of 25-200%. During this project, we recognized the need for a new data collection and management application and developed X10D (pronounced “extend”). An IRM approach making data driven decisions is a key to increasing revenue and enhancing profitability in beef cow-calf operations.
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Fadul-Pacheco, Liliana, Steven R. Wangen, Tadeu Eder da Silva, and Victor E. Cabrera. "Addressing Data Bottlenecks in the Dairy Farm Industry." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060721.
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A survey to explore the challenges and opportunities for dairy farm data management and governance was completed by 73 farmers and 96 non-farmers. Although 91% of them find data sharing beneficial, 69% are unfamiliar with data collection protocols and standards, and 66% of farmers feel powerless over their data chain of custody. Although 58% of farmers share data, only 19% of them recall having signed a data share agreement. Fifty-two percent of respondents agree that data collected on farm belongs only to the farmer, with 25% of farmers believing intellectual property products are being developed with their data, and 90% of all said companies should pay farmers when making money from their data. Farmers and non-farmers are somewhat concerned about data ownership, security, and confidentiality, but non-farmers were more concerned about data collection standards and lack of integration. Sixty-two percent of farmers integrate data from different sources. Farmers’ most used technologies are milk composition (67%) and early disease detection (56%); most desired technologies are body condition score (56%) and automatic milking systems (46%); most abandoned technologies are temperature and activity sensors (14%) and automatic sorting gates (13%). A better understanding of these issues is paramount for the industry’s long-term sustainability.
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Muiruri, Michelle Wambui, Fr Paul Mathenge, and Dr Joseph Ntale. "Management Strategies and The Performance of Youth Agri-Businesses in Kenya: A Case of Farm Africa." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.454.
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Purpose: The general objective of the study is to assess management strategies and performance of youth agribusinesses in Kenya: case of Farm Africa. Three research objectives were used; to find out the effect of differentiation strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa, to establish the effect of cost leadership strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa, and to assess the effect of focus strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa.Methodology: This study adopted a case study research design. The study population was all the 30 youth who participates in agribusinesses. Census method was then used since the population was manageable. This research study used questionnaires as the primary research instruments for data collection. A statistical tool known as Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) (Park, 2015) were used for the process of data analysis. The data that was collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation analysis method as well as regression analysis.Findings: The study concludes that differentiation costs had positive significant relationship with the performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that cost leadership strategy led in the improvement of performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that majority of the farmers that were studied adhered to focus strategy because it helped them in improving overall performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that finance was a key determining factor in the performance of agribusinesses.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that farmers at Farm Africa need to adhere to product differentiation such that they cannot easily be copied by rivals. The study recommends that farmers should have flexible product costs together with water tight market price strategies that could promote performance. The study recommends that in order to enhance focus strategy, farmers should strive to exploit differences in cost behavior in market segments in order to improve agribusiness performance. The study recommends that policy makers should come up with farmer friendly financial policies that will cushion farmers from high interest rates charged by financial institutions such as MFIs and commercial banks.
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P. W. Jayasuriya, Hemanatha, and Romy Das. "Agricultural resources management through a linear programming approach: A case study on productivity optimization of crop-livestock farming integration." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 22, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol22iss1pp27-35.
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The crop-livestock integrated farming system practiced in most developing countries depends to a greater extent on the ecosystem as a whole. The importance of animals as an agent of nutrient recycle, sources of rural energy in terms of draft power and fuel as well as major contributor of the farm economy, has resulted into increased population of ruminant stock in these regions creating threats to the sustainability and productivity of land resources. This case-study research attempted to formulate optimum herd size compatible to different resource holding farm categories within the sub watershed in mid hills region of Nepal. The research was conducted by classified data collection in Nepal and analysis using Linear Programming (LP) techniques. The LP analysis revealed that the farmers of large, medium and small categories of farms can optimize their livestock holding with combination of 3 Livestock Units (LU) buffaloes and 4 LU goats, 2 LU buffaloes and 4 LU goats and 1 LU buffaloes and 4.4 LU goats with maximum return to the farm family without exerting pressure on the fragile natural resources.
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Dupdal, Ravi, S. L. Patil, B. S. Naik, M. N. Ramesha, and K. N. Ravi. "Farm Ponds in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka: Impacts and Constraints." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 1 (2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59112.
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This study ascertained the impact of water harvesting structures-farm ponds constructed under Krishi Bhagya Scheme in Northern dry zone of Karnataka during 2019 to 2021. Farmers with and without farm ponds were selected through multi-stage random sampling technique with a total sample size of 320 farmers for data collection. The impact of farm ponds on cropping pattern and crop productivity was visible due to supplementary life saving irrigation. The change in income due to farm ponds ranged from 13 to 97 per cent and net returns realized by farmers with ponds was higher than the farmers without ponds due to increased crop yield. The employment generation per farm increased for beneficiary farmers as compared to control. However, problems of sedimentation, poor design of farm ponds (absence of silt trap and proper inlet and outlet), poor site selection and lack of awareness were the major constraints experienced by farmers for long term sustainability of farm ponds.
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Soyer, Gürel, and Ersel Yilmaz. "Waste Management in Dairy Cattle Farms in Aydın Region. Potential of Energy Application." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041614.
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In this paper, the dairy cattle waste management systems on farms in Aydın region in Turkey were investigated. Number of farms and livestock herd size, type of barn, type of machinery and farm labour force were studied. The collection, management and storage systems of manure produced in dairy cattle farms were taken into consideration. Additionally, biogas amount, which is produced from animal waste, was calculated for all districts of Aydın by using the number of livestock animals and various criteria such as the rate of dry matter. Results show that the typical and representative farm in the Aydın region is facility with a total head over 100 heads. 89.6% of the farms have heads in the range of 100 to 200. The amount of biogas that can be produced from all manure collected in Aydın region in the biogas plants is approximately 160,438 m3/day (based on 0.5 m3/day biogas per cattle), which would produce around 100 GWh/year that can be used for own needs of farms owners.
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Karouani, Yassine, and Mouhcine Elgarej. "Milk-Run Collection Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things Based on Swarm Intelligence." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 15, no. 3 (July 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.290018.
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In our country Morocco, several dairy factories are placed in rural regions with a bad road network, which means that milk collection has a significant impact on profit, affecting milk transport costs. Actually, the milk run logistics process has been transformed from a traditional farm to the new cheese factory, so it’s needed efficient methods and models to improve the process of production and collection of milk from those units. For that, we will apply new technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and big data to collect and analyze this information to optimize the milk delivery process. The main goal of this work is to design a new smart decision method using the internet of things and big data to optimize the milk run logistics, reduce the cost of transportation and improve collection density. This method will be based on the swarm artificial intelligence concept to find and calculate the shortest path between units to optimize the collection of milk.
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Baiza, Ahmad. "The Effect of Employee Costs of Production, Marketing, and Salary On The Results of Broiler Chicken Sales." International Journal of Social Service and Research 1, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v1i2.20.
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"Rahmat Aulia" farm is part of PT Charoen Pokphand Jaya Farm. This farm is located in Kutatrieng Village, Labuhanhaji District, West Aceh. It has used good management in financing including production costs, marketing costs, and employee salaries. employee. The selection of research on the "Rahmat Aulia" farm due to the high level of sales competition in the broiler business (Gallus domestic) with this research is expected to be a reference for beginners and other breeders in facing competition. The type of research used is qualitative (interview). Where data collection uses interviews with related parties at the "Rahmat Aulia" farm as resource persons, and the sample used is the financial report of the "Rahmat Aulia" farm which has been recorded at PT Charoen Pokphand Jaya Farm in 2021 (3 months). The results of the study stated that 80% of sales results were strongly influenced by production costs, marketing costs, and employee salaries. While the remaining 20% ??of sales are influenced by other factors not explained in this study. From the results of the analysis, it is known that production costs, marketing, and employee salaries play a very important role in the sustainability of "Rahmat Aulia" farming in Kutatrieng Village, West Labuhanhaji District, South Aceh Regency.
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Widya, Vivin, and Silvia Nur Azizah. "Analysis of Implementation of Management Control System to Increase Competitiveness in Chicken Livestock Business." Indikator: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/indikator.v6i3.15858.
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Management control is a process by which managers influence other organizational members in implementing organizational strategy. Management control will focus on implementing strategy. The implementation of strategies in chicken farming, especially in broilers, is very necessary, because in its implementation there must be challenges and obstacles that arise from internally related to human resources and challenges also arise from the external, namely competitiveness, which is one of the ways to maintain the continuity of its business. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of management control systems and strategies to improve the competitiveness of case studies at Akbar Rizki Poultry Farms, especially broilers. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation to the chicken farm business owners. The results showed that the planning carried out by the chicken farm entrepreneur went well and the implementation was effective and efficient as well as an evaluation of the management control system so that it could compete and exist with other entrepreneurs.
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Amirkhanov, Artem, Sergio Ballestrero, Franco Brasolin, Haydn du Plessis, Christopher Jon Lee, Konstantinos Mitrogeorgos, Marco Pernigotti, Arturo Sanchez Pineda, Diana Alessandra Scannicchio, and Matthew Shaun Twomey. "Integrated automation for configuration management and operations in the ATLAS online computing farm." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408022.
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The online farm of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, consisting of nearly 4000 PCs with various characteristics, provides configuration and control of the detector and performs the collection, processing, selection, and conveyance of event data from the front-end electronics to mass storage. Different aspects of the farm management are already accessible via several tools. The status and health of each node are monitored by a system based on Icinga 2 and Ganglia. PuppetDB gathers centrally all the status information from Puppet, the configuration management tool used to ensure configuration consistency of every node. The in-house Configuration Database (ConfDB) controls DHCP and PXE, while also integrating external information sources. In these proceedings we present our roadmap for integrating these and other data sources and systems, and building a higher level of abstraction on top of this foundation. An automation and orchestration tool will be able to use these systems and replace lengthy manual procedures, some of which also require interactions with other systems and teams, e.g. for the repair of a faulty node. Finally, an inventory and tracking system will complement the available data sources, keep track of node history, and improve the evaluation of long-term lifecycle management and purchase strategies.
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Uddin, MT, and K. Fatema. "Rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers livelihood - an empirical study." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i2.29330.
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The study aimed to examine the present status of rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers livelihood covering two sub-districts in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 100 farmers (50 for crop residue practicing farmers and 50 for the farmers involved in traditional farming) were selected randomly for data collection. A combination of descriptive, statistical and mathematical techniques were applied to achieve the objectives and to get the meaningful results. The results of descriptive statistics showed that retention was found higher in far distance plots from homestead. No retention of crop residues was found in case of Aus and Aman rice. The whole retention was found only in case of Boro rice. The shortage of labour in season and the wage rate were also important factors for the retention of crop residues. However, farmers perceptions about the use of crop residues were mostly adding organic matter to the crop field followed by mulching and feeding animal. The recycling of resources among crop retention and livestock has the great potential to return a considerable amount of plant nutrients to the soil in the rice based crop production systems. Due to crop residue practices, crop and livestock both were benefited through resource interdependences. The sampled farmers were benefited from retention of crop residues by improving soil quality, soil moisture, etc.; and farmers used less amounts of fertilizer, irrigation water, etc. for the succeeding crops. Consequently, succeeding crop productivity, profitability and annual income were increased significantly. The result of logit regression model shows that age of household head, farm size, agricultural income and non-farm income were found as significant variables in explaining the variation in crop residue adoption of farm households. To assess the livelihood pattern of sample farm households through asset pentagon approach, noteworthy improvement was found s on different capitals. The study identified some problems regarding crop residue management and finally, recommended that if the farmers get proper training for such management, it would be helpful to improve their livelihood.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 189-199, 2016
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Rühl, Daniela, Marco Tiberti, Ignacio Mendez-Gomez-Humaran, and Franck Cachia. "Combining farm and household surveys with modelling approaches to improve post-harvest loss estimates and reduce data collection costs." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 38, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210909.
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While there is growing awareness of the issue of food losses at the political level, official post-harvest loss data for informing policymaking and reporting on SDG Indicator 12.3.1. (a) Food Loss Index is scarce. Representative sample-based surveys are necessary to obtain information on on-farm losses at the country level, but due to the issue’s complexity, a loss module covering several key questions is needed. One main strategy proposed by the 50x2030 Initiative for optimizing data collection is sub-sampling for some of the survey modules. This paper examines whether modelling approaches can be combined with sub-sampling to improve harvest and post-harvest loss estimates and allow for further sample and cost reduction. The paper first presents the loss models generated on four selected surveys conducted in Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria, which were built using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method. The performance of each model is assessed for different sizes of sub-samples to improve the sample-based estimates, either by model-based estimates or by model-based imputation. The research concludes that the model-based estimates improve the loss estimates of the sub-samples due to post-stratification implied in the CART method, whereby they can constitute a cost-effective complement to sub-sampling strategies, while model-based imputations should only be used on a reduced number of missing observations. The models perform best when the survey invests in obtaining more detailed on-farm loss data and considers some key variables identified as relevant for on-farm loss models. Sub-sampling allows for investment in more detailed questionnaires and some considerations are derived for its design.
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Reetsch, Kapp, Feger, Schwärzel, and Dornack. "Transforming Degraded Smallholder Farmland into Multi-Functional Land Use Systems: A Case Study From Tanzania." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030016.
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In our research, we have studied smallholder farmers in degraded farming systems in Northwest Tanzania and have compared them with farm households who were trained in sustainable land management by a local Farmer Field School. Both groups of farmers were affected by severe environmental degradation and poor soil fertility, but trained farmers have transformed degraded farmland into fertile, multi-functional land use systems. In this presentation, we discuss the successes and failures of both groups of farmers and draw conclusions towards restoring degraded land use systems. Farmers without training cannot restore degraded farmland with traditional agricultural management alone and fail to produce enough food, fodder, biofuel, and timber to support the whole family. The reasons for their failure are manifold and include environmental and socio-economic dimensions, e.g., poor management of soils and farm waste, lacking adaptation to climate change, traditional gender roles, and the loss of knowledge and labour in HIV/AIDS-affected households. In comparison, trained farmers change nutrient management by using advanced composting techniques. They also cultivate a greater variety of crops and trees, introduce organic pesticide management, ease manure collection, construct vegetable gardens that are watered by drip irrigation in the dry season, change gender roles and communication structures. The main differences between both groups of farmers occur in food security, health status, education level, marketing, income generation, prosperity, and gender-related responsibilities. However, the full potential of organic farm waste being used as soil fertiliser is not exhausted, as human excreta is not integrated into nutrient management. Farm households who are most vulnerable to food security, e.g., female-headed and HIV/AIDS-affected households, need to get support in strengthening their socio-economic base before transforming the farm management. In conclusion, local Farmer Field Schools significantly contribute to restoring land degradation. To transform smallholder agriculture in Tanzania, a joint partnership with local governmental organisations could help farmers to escape poverty and become food secure (SDG 1 and SDG 2). Similar approaches could support smallholder farmers in East Africa, where they contribute to three-fourth of the agricultural production.
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Akudugu, Mamudu Abunga. "Agricultural productivity, credit and farm size nexus in Africa: a case study of Ghana." Agricultural Finance Review 76, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-12-2015-0058.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the connections of agricultural productivity, access to credit and farm size in Africa using Ghana as a case study. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs mixed methods – quantitative and qualitative strategies for data collection and analyses. The hierarchical competitive model was used for the quantitative analyses supplemented with qualitative analyses using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household case studies. Findings – The results show that there is significant relationship between credit from formal and informal sources and agricultural productivity. Thus access to formal and informal credit increases farm household agricultural productivity by about 0.10 (p=0.05) and 0.45 (p < 0.01), respectively. The quadratic terms of formal and informal credit as well as farm size were found to significantly influence agricultural productivity. The implication of this is that the relationships between formal credit, informal credit and farm size on one hand and agricultural productivity on the other are non-linear in nature. The interactions of formal credit with informal credit; informal credit with farm size; and formal and informal credit with farm size have significant relationships with agricultural productivity. The amount of remittance received by farm households has negative and insignificant influence on agricultural productivity. Market access is also an insignificant determinant of agricultural productivity in Ghana. Originality/value – This paper provides new insights on whether the scale of production (farm size as proxy) and access to financial services (credit as a proxy) matter in promoting agricultural productivity in Africa using Ghana as a case study. Thus the paper is of relevance to policy-makers and practitioners in Africa and Ghana in particular who are seeking to make informed policy decisions on effectively incorporating credit provision into the agricultural transformation agenda of the continent.
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Vrolijk, Hans, and Krijn Poppe. "Cost of Extending the Farm Accountancy Data Network to the Farm Sustainability Data Network: Empirical Evidence." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158181.
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The European Green Deal, its Farm to Fork strategy and Biodiversity strategy will set the scene for the future revisions of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP will address an increasing set of objectives, including contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris climate agreement. To enable evidence-based policy making and monitoring, the Farm to Fork strategy proposes to extend the current monitoring system to include a broader range of sustainability issues. The current monitoring system called Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) has a strong focus on financial and economic data. The FADN is an instrument for monitoring and evaluation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy and collects bookkeeping results from 80,000 farms. The extension to a Farm Sustainability Data Network (FSDN) should include a broader set of indicators on the sustainability performance of farms. This paper estimates the costs of collecting this broader set of sustainability indicators in the FSDN based on the experiences of a pilot in 9 member states and a survey among all member states. The results show that collecting the sustainability data from all farms included in FADN would increase the costs by about 40%. The results show large differences between countries depending on the current costs of data collection and the expected additional work to include sustainability indicators. Given the pressing need for these data, a scenario was developed where sustainability data are collected from a subsample of 15,000 farms. This can be achieved within current budget limits if the current FADN sample would be reduced from 85,000 to 75,000 farms. The discussion section addresses some concerns raised on the extension of FADN to FSDN such as: willingness of farmers, administrative burden, economic background of FADN and the quality of the data.
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Silva, E. M., J. Hendrickson, P. D. Mitchell, and E. Bietila. "From the field: A participatory approach to assess labor inputs on organic diversified vegetable farms in the Upper Midwestern USA." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000266.
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AbstractConsumer interest in locally grown produce continues to increase in the USA. Small, diversified vegetable farms, including those managed organically, have been important contributors to meet this growing demand for local product. To be profitable in these markets, farmers must be able to appropriately price their products to cover production costs and provide themselves and their employees a living wage. Questions remain, however, as to the most effective method of assessing the cost of production of specific crops on these farms, in part due to the variability in labor inputs associated with diversified farming strategies. This study used a participatory approach to investigate both methodologies for varied widely, with high coefficients of variation calculated for all values, indicating high farm-to-farm variability in labor required for seasonal activities. Farmers reported both challenges with data collection, as well as successes in using data analysis to guide management decisions. This ongoing work highlights the value of collecting farm-specific data for use in cost-of-production determinations.
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de Souza, Jéssica Pereira, Juliana Caroline Vivian Sposito, Bruno do Amaral Crispim, Fabiane Gomes da Silva, Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira, Fábio Kummrow, Valter Aragão do Nascimento, et al. "From collection to discharge: physical, chemical, and biological analyses for fish farm water quality monitoring." Ecotoxicology 28, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1991-8.
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Ledesma, Edna, Arden He, Phillip Warsaw, Lauren Suerth, Alfonso Morales, Leah Rosenblum, and Brian Wiedenfeld. "Citizen Scientist: Farm 2 Facts Supporting Farmers Markets." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 6162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116162.
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As multifunctional loci of local food economies and public activity, farmers markets impart diverse impacts on their surrounding communities. In response to the emerging scholarship on farmers markets, as well as the desires of market managers to buttress their decision-making with cogent data analysis, the Farm 2 Facts data collection toolkit was created by the University of Wisconsin-Madison to measure the economic, social, and ecological impacts of farmers markets. We document here the history of Farm 2 Facts. Through case studies of F2F members, we describe the ways in which individual markets, market organizations, and local governments use farmers markets as a means of achieving differing goals, as well as how Farm 2 Facts necessarily adapted to measure and support these goals. We argue that Farm 2 Facts is in a tight reciprocal relationship with market managers who become citizen scientists in order to support their managerial role and communicate the benefits of their markets. Given that market policy change is often the impetus for collecting data, empathy for the goals of market managers is inseparable from Farm 2 Facts. We find that a sensitivity to the dynamic needs of markets, an adaptive toolkit, and incorporating ongoing research into the toolkit are essential to supporting farmers market managers in their many duties.
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Lillo-Saavedra, Mario, Alberto Espinoza-Salgado, Angel García-Pedrero, Camilo Souto, Eduardo Holzapfel, Consuelo Gonzalo-Martín, Marcelo Somos-Valenzuela, and Diego Rivera. "Early Estimation of Tomato Yield by Decision Tree Ensembles." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101655.
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Crop yield forecasting allows farmers to make decisions in advance to improve farm management and logistics during and after harvest. In this sense, crop yield potential maps are an asset for farmers making decisions about farm management and planning. Although scientific efforts have been made to determine crop yields from in situ information and through remote sensing, most studies are limited to evaluating data from a single date just before harvest. This has a direct negative impact on the quality and predictability of these estimates, especially for logistics. This study proposes a methodology for the early prediction of tomato yield using decision tree ensembles, vegetation spectral indices, and shape factors from images captured by multispectral sensors on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during different phenological stages of crop development. With the predictive model developed and based on the collection of training characteristics for 6 weeks before harvest, the tomato yield was estimated for a 0.4 ha plot, obtaining an error rate of 9.28%.
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Chen Wang, Chen Wang, Yutong Tang Chen Wang, Mohamed Faisal Ahmad-Akhia Yutong Tang, Hamzah Abdul-Rahman Mohamed Faisal Ahmad-Akhia, and Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap Hamzah Abdul-Rahman. "Cloud-Based System for Sustainable Stingless Bee Farm." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 3 (May 2022): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022052303012.
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<p>Project Management in Information System (IS) or Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest-growing industries in developed countries. Cloud-based applications are an upcoming trend compared to on-premise software development, and a large sum of money is being poured into the industry to improve productivity and production efficiency. In Malaysia, most agricultural-based activities continue to use traditional methods that can be quite time-consuming for farmers or breeders. Thus, it can be impossible to gain accurate real-time insights needed for smart farming. Conventionally, the data collected by hand must be entered manually into computers for historical record and reference, resulting in additional efforts (rework) and inefficiency. In this study, a cloud-based Bee-Smart system was developed to optimize the maintenance and monitoring of bee farms. The core of the system is a cloud-based maintenance solution and progress report for stingless bee collection data. It not only reduces farmers’ paperwork, but also gives them easy access to the historical records of each hive on a farm, based on hive activity and nectar sources in the area. The prototype was then piloted in BoDen Edu Farm where the applicability of the smart systems was proven to be effective.</p> <p> </p>
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Dimitri, Carolyn, and Anne Effland. "From farming to food systems: the evolution of US agricultural production and policy into the 21st century." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000522.
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AbstractNearly two decades into the 21st century, we revisit the topic of changes in the US agricultural system. We focus on trends in structure, technology and policy, and on the increasing influence of consumer preferences on this system, particularly for organic agriculture and local and regional foods. We examine technological innovations in the 21st century, including biotechnology, precision agriculture and indoor farming. Within overall trends toward consolidation, we identify an increasing number of vegetable farms and greenhouse operations, accompanied by a decrease in average size of those operations. We note the shift away from price support toward greater reliance on risk management in farm policy, and also track the impact of food movement trends on recent farm bills. While farm bill policies continue to focus on conventional field crop agriculture, some trends—expanded crop insurance, conservation program support and spending on federal data collection, research and community-based grants, for example—have begun to incorporate the growing movement toward organic, local and regional food systems into the mainstream of US agricultural production and policy.
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Dangar, Nikhil S., Balkrishna P. Brahmkshtri, Lalit C. Modi, Umed V. Ramani, Vishnu B. Kharadi, Chandubhai T. Khasatiya, Gaurav M. Pandya, and Niteen Deshmukh. "Effect of Season and Year of Birth on Pubertal Age, Body Weight and Scrotal Circumference of Kankrej Bulls at First Semen Collection." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 17, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.17.1.9.
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Data on 26 bulls of Kankrej cattle (birth date from 2006 to 2017) inducted at a semen station from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed to study the effects of season and year of birth on age, body weight and scrotal circumference of bull at first semen collection. The overall least-squares means for age, body weight, and scrotal circumference of bulls at first semen collection were 1122.36 ± 86.9 days, 537.69 ± 10.51 kg and 30.86 ± 1.60 cm. Non-genetic factors like season and year of birth did not contribute significantly (p>0.05) to these parameters’ variations. Results of the study revealed well adaptation of Kankrej cattle breed to seasonal changes and farm management took care of yearly variation in such a way that age, body weight and scrotal circumference of Kankrej bulls at first semen collection did not vary significantly.
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Coyne, Lucy, Riana Arief, Carolyn Benigno, Vo Ngan Giang, Luu Quynh Huong, Saharuetai Jeamsripong, Wantanee Kalpravidh, et al. "Characterizing Antimicrobial Use in the Livestock Sector in Three South East Asian Countries (Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam)." Antibiotics 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010033.
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A framework was developed to characterize the antimicrobial use/antimicrobial resistance complex in livestock systems in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Farm profitability, disease prevention, and mortality rate reduction were identified as drivers toward antimicrobial use in livestock systems. It revealed that antimicrobial use was high in all sectors studied, and that routine preventative use was of particular importance to broiler production systems. Misleading feed labeling was identified as a hurdle to the collection of accurate antimicrobial use data, with farmers being unaware of the antimicrobials contained in some commercial feed. Economic analysis found that the cost of antimicrobials was low relative to other farm inputs, and that farm profitability was precariously balanced. High disease and poor prices were identified as potential drivers toward economic loss. The research indicates that antimicrobial use in small-scale poultry production systems improves feed conversion ratios and overall productivity. However, data were limited to quantify adequately these potential gains and their impacts on the food supply. During the study, all countries embraced and implemented policies on better management of antimicrobial use in livestock and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Future policies need to consider farm-level economics and livestock food supply issues when developing further antimicrobial use interventions in the region.
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Habsari, I. K., B. A. Nugroho, and S. Azizah. "Tata Laksana Pemeliharaan Ayam Cemani Di Peternakan NF Temanggung Jawa Tengah." PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) 1 (December 26, 2019): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v1i1.1478.
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This study was aimed to observe rearing management of cemani chicken in NF Farm, Temanggung, Central Java. NF Farms was chosen purposively due to the high population. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, direct observation of maintenance management which includes cage and chicken feed cemani. The result showed that Cemani chickens in grower period used battery cage 120 x 60 cm2 for 2-3 chickens in each cage, while in layer period used litter cage 6x4 m2 and each cage consisted of 1 male and 5 female cemani chicken. Feeding management NF farm for 1-3 days old were only given drinking water added by palm sugar. 3- 40 days old Cemani chickens were fed 511 given 25-30 g/bird/day with 22% protein content and 3,050 kkal/kg energy. Whereas for the grower period feed is divided into two, at the age of 41-75 days, chickens are fed with BR 1 and corn ratio 1:1, and for 76 days- 6 months old, they are fed with ground corn, bran and BR 1 with the ratio 1: 1 : 1 as much as 80 g / head / day. Keywords: Cemani, Rearing management, Feeding
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Tourangeau, Wesley, Kate Sherren, Carlisle Kent, and Bertrum H. MacDonald. "Of Climate and Weather: Examining Canadian Farm and Livestock Organization Discourses from 2010 to 2015." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0028.1.
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Abstract Producer organizations representing Canada’s farm and livestock sectors are powerful change agents and advocates for their industries, particularly during challenging times such as climate- or weather-related hardships. Such organizations have a complex role: engaging with policy-makers, as well as their memberships and the public, to pursue the interests of their specific communities. This paper includes an examination of how farm producer organizations communicate about climate and weather to these various audiences, and the specific needs and recommendations they advance. Of particular interest are commodities related to pasture-based grazing, which is underrepresented in the climate adaptation literature. A collection of 95 publicly available documents is analyzed, representing a snapshot of climate- and weather-related public and policy engagement of Canadian and Albertan farm and livestock producer organizations from 2010 to 2015. Qualitative coding by scale, commodity, and audience revealed three significant patterns within this exploratory study. First, while national “umbrella” organizations speak climate to government, Alberta-based livestock/forage organizations speak to their members with a focus on weather. Second, while the two national umbrella organizations examined are politically divergent, they appear to be united on the topic of climate change. Third, common ground was also found between climate and weather discourses around on-farm management, specifically rotational grazing. These three patterns reveal a disjointed dialogue within the Canadian farm and livestock sectors on topics of climate adaptation and mitigation, as well as opportunities for future cooperation, and the need for further research on farm organization beliefs and their capacity to create/manage climate knowledge.
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Akhtar, Muhammad Faheem, Qingshan Ma, Yan Li, Wenqiong Chai, Zhenwei Zhang, Liangliang Li, and Changfa Wang. "Effect of Sperm Cryopreservation in Farm Animals Using Nanotechnology." Animals 12, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172277.
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Sperm cryopreservation is one of the sublime biotechnologies for assisted reproduction. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend in the use of preserved semen. Post-thaw semen quality and values vary among animals of the same species. Similarly, there are species-specific variations in sperm morphology, i.e., sperm head, kinetic properties, plasma membrane integrity, and freezability. Similarly, the viability of sperm varies in the female reproductive tract, i.e., from a few hours (in cattle) to several days (in chicken). Various steps of sperm cryopreservation, i.e., male health examination, semen collection, dilution, semen centrifugation, pre- and post-thaw semen quality evaluation, lack standardized methodology, that result in differences in opinions. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including sperm preservation, are not applied to the same extent in commercial poultry species as in mammalian species for management and economic reasons. Sperm preservation requires a reduction in physiological metabolism by extending the viable duration of the gametes. Physiologically and morphologically, spermatozoa are unique in structure and function to deliver paternal DNA and activate oocytes after fertilization. Variations in semen and sperm composition account for better handling of semen, which can aid in improved fertility. This review aims to provide an update on sperm cryopreservation in farm animals.
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Opara, Ikechukwu Kingsley, Olaniyi Amos Fawole, Candice Kelly, and Umezuruike Linus Opara. "Quantification of On-Farm Pomegranate Fruit Postharvest Losses and Waste, and Implications on Sustainability Indicators: South African Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 5168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095168.
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While there is a growing body of scientific knowledge on improved techniques and procedures for the production and handling of quality pomegranate fruit to meet market demand, little is known about the magnitude of losses that occur at the farm and post-farmgate. This study revealed the amount of pomegranate fruit lost on the farm and the causes of loss and estimated the impacts of losses. The direct measurement method, which involved sorting and counting of individual fruit, was used since physical identification of the causes of fruit losses on individual fruit was necessary for data collection. Furthermore, qualitative data were collected by physical observation during harvesting and interaction with farm workers. At the case study farm in Wellington, Western Cape Province of South Africa, a range of 15.3–20.1% of the harvested crop was considered lost, as the quality fell below marketable standards for retail sales. This amounted to an average of 117.76 tonnes of pomegranate fruit harvested per harvest season in the case study farm, which is removed from the value chain and sold mainly at a low value for juicing and other purposes and translates to an estimated R10.5 million ($618,715.34) economic loss to the farmer. Environmental factors are the main causes of on-farm fruit losses. In the three pomegranate cultivars studied, sunburn and crack were identified as the leading cause of fruit loss, accounting for about 43.9% of all on-farm fruit losses. The lost fiber, carbohydrate, protein, iron and ascorbic acid contents associated with lost fruit were estimated to meet the daily recommended nutrition intake of 2, 9, 4, 2 and 24 people, respectively. Strategies to control and reduce pomegranate fruit losses and waste at the farm level should focus on environmental factors and mechanical damage since they account for the highest sources of fruit losses. This will ensure improved revenue to farmers, sustainable use of natural resources, reduction of the environmental impacts of the fruit industry, and more availability of quality fruit for nutritional security.
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Apdini, Titis, Windi Al Zahra, Simon J. Oosting, Imke J. M. de Boer, Marion de Vries, Bas Engel, and Corina E. van Middelaar. "Understanding variability in greenhouse gas emission estimates of smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 6 (June 2021): 1160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01923-z.
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Abstract Purpose Life cycle assessment studies on smallholder farms in tropical regions generally use data that is collected at one moment in time, which could hamper assessment of the exact situation. We assessed seasonal differences in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from Indonesian dairy farms by means of longitudinal observations and evaluated the implications of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGE per kg milk (GHGEI) for a single farm, and the population mean. Methods An LCA study was done on 32 smallholder dairy farms in the Lembang district area, West Java, Indonesia. Farm visits (FVs) were performed every 2 months throughout 1 year: FV1–FV3 (rainy season) and FV4–FV6 (dry season). GHGEs were assessed for all processes up to the farm-gate, including upstream processes (production and transportation of feed, fertiliser, fuel and electricity) and on-farm processes (keeping animals, manure management and forage cultivation). We compared means of GHGE per unit of fat-and-protein-corrected milk (FPCM) produced in the rainy and the dry season. We evaluated the implication of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGEI, and on the variance of GHGE from different processes. Results and discussion GHGEI was higher in the rainy (1.32 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) than in the dry (0.91 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) season (P < 0.05). The between farm variance was 0.025 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM in both seasons. The within farm variance in the estimate for the single farm mean decreased from 0.69 (1 visit) to 0.027 (26 visits) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (rainy season), and from 0.32 to 0.012 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (dry season). The within farm variance in the estimate for the population mean was 0.02 (rainy) and 0.01 (dry) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (1 visit), and decreased with an increase in farm visits. Forage cultivation was the main source of between farm variance, enteric fermentation the main source of within farm variance. Conclusions The estimated GHGEI was significantly higher in the rainy than in the dry season. The main contribution to variability in GHGEI is due to variation between observations from visits to the same farm. This source of variability can be reduced by increasing the number of visits per farm. Estimates for variation within and between farms enable a more informed decision about the data collection procedure.
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Fanjaniaina, Marie Lucia, Fabien Stark, Noelly Phostin Ramarovahoaka, Jeanny Fiononana Rakotoharinaivo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, Paulo Salgado, and Thierry Becquer. "Nutrient Flows and Balances in Mixed Farming Systems in Madagascar." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020984.
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Mixed farming systems are still prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In these systems, the recycling of nutrients through crop-livestock integration (CLI) practices is crucial for the sustainability of soil fertility and crop production. The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient (N, P, K) flows and balances of mixed farming systems to assess CLI contribution to the performance of those systems. We hypothesized that more intensive farms had a better nutrient balance at the farm level, and that improved biomass management methods improved their nutrient balance. Nine farms in the Madagascar highlands were selected, some corresponding to poor traditional farms with only draft cattle; some small or medium-sized, more intensive farms with a dairy herd; and some of the latter with some improvement to management methods of livestock effluents (manure composting, liquid manure collection). The nutrient balance of the farming systems was determined, and performance indicators were calculated at both farming, livestock, and CLI levels. Results showed that nutrient recycling through CLI is significant in the functioning of the systems studied, contributing primarily to circulating nutrient flows (up to 76%) and leading to greater efficiency and productivity. Nutrient flows resulting from these practices mainly concerned animal feeding (higher than 60% of nutrient flows), even if manure management was central for crop fertilization and that manure remained a desired animal product of these types of farms (up to 100% of animal products). Large negative balances of N and K (up to 80% of inputs) were observed in traditional livestock systems with draft cattle. They were smaller (39–68%) in more intensive dairy farms. Composting of manure did not decrease negative balances, whereas their magnitude was significantly reduced by the collection of liquid manure (19% for N; 42% for K). Better management of biomass at the farm level, in particular the collection of liquid manure, seemed to substantially reduce nutrient losses in MFS.
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Syahlani, Suci Paramitasari, Ni Made Ari Kusuma Dewi, and Galuh Adi Insani. "Resiliency management of layer poultry farm business during COVID-19 pandemic in the Yogyakarta Special Province." Livestock and Animal Research 19, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i2.51971.
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<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Objective: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">The objective of the research was to identify crises on layer poultry farms specifically in Yogyakarta Special Province during COVID-19 pandemic and investigate business resiliency management to be utilised by the farmers to deal with the situation.</span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The research was conducted on Yogyakarta Special Province in April-October 2020 with qualitative approach method and data collection was taken using in depth interview method. Research respondents were 2 layer farmers who were also chairman of farmers association, namely <em>Pinsar Petelur Nasional</em> and 10 farmers purposively selected using snow-ball sampling method. Data collection was taken by face to face indepth and telephone interview and subsequently data was analysed descriptively and by using content analysis</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span><strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US">: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Layer poultry farmers of Yogyakarta Special Province had faced challenges on their business environment that was becoming business crisis source due to disease outbreaks, natural disasters, monetary crisis, to COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts caused by the pandemic on layer poultry industry of Yogyakarta Special Province affected market demand, distribution, egg price fluctuation and feed price, respectively. Learning through self-awareness on environmental changes and conducting community and organisation coordinations that was PPN and the adaptational management that adopted by farmers to overcome the impact of COVID-19 in business.</span><strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Experience and endurance levels were the keys to resolve risks throughout running a farming business is important asset in conducting resiliency management in mitigating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Presence of community, group, and organisation networks will be usefull for the growth of capacity and opportunity of farmers in utilising novel and communication technology to negotiate with relevant farming industry stakeholders to maintain the existence of layer farmers in industry during and after the pandemic. Government supports and appropriate policy are also needed in supporting a hospitable business climate for the continuity of layer poultry farms.</span></p>