Dissertations / Theses: 'Film distribution in Sweden'

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Berger, Bjursell Aurore. "De toute façon il est sacrément mort. Le cinéma suédois à l'ère numérique : mutations ontologiques et impacts culturels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL009.

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Cette thèse explore les changements esthétiques et culturels résultant de la numérisation du secteur cinématographique suédois. En « pensant avec le post-cinéma suédois », la recherche s'appuie sur trois axes méthodologiques: une analyse des changements ontologiques du cinéma suédois à l'ère numérique, des entretiens postqualitatifs avec les acteurs de l'industrie et une étude documentaire sur les transformations du secteur. La thèse se divise en trois chapitres, abordant la production (2000-2008), la dissémination (2009-2017) et leurs conséquences (2018-2023) sur le cinéma et l'imaginaire suédois. Elle met en évidence la dissolution du cinéma suédois, antérieure à l'épisode viral de la covid-19. Cette recherche suggère que le cinéma suédois pourrait être revitalisé en tant que pratique culturelle grâce à une réforme de la politique culturelle. Elle encourage également davantage de recherches universitaires sur les effets de la numérisation sur les identités culturelles nationales et régionales, contribuant ainsi à réévaluer le rôle du cinéma et des images animées dans les représentations culturelles des petites nations
This PhD thesis explores the aesthetic and cultural changes resulting from the digitisation of the Swedish film industry. By 'thinking with Swedish post-cinema', the research is based on three methodological axes: an analysis of the ontological changes in Swedish cinema in the digital era, post-qualitative interviews with industry players and a documentary study of the transformations in the sector. This thesis is divided into three chapters, dealing with production (2000-2008), dissemination (2009-2017) and their consequences (2018-2023) on Swedish cinema and imagination. This highlights the dissolution of Swedish cinema before the covid-19 health crisis. This research suggests that Swedish cinema could be revitalised as a cultural practice through cultural policy reforms. It also encourages more academic research into the effects of digitisation on national and regional identities, helping to reassess the role of films and moving images in the cultural representations of small nations

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Brännmar, Lotta, and Fredrik Hansson. "Svensk film genom fönster : Åsikter om villkoren för filmdistribution i Sverige från aktörer i branschen." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ekonomi och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4478.

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Svenska filmbranschen styrs av ett filmavtal mellan staten och olika aktörer i branschen. Detta avtal skall förnyas under år 2013. Staten har i en avsiktsförklaring för det nya avtalet uttryckt en vilja till en förändring kring villkoren för att få statligt stöd för filmproduktion i Sverige. En så kallad teknikneutralitet skall införas som innebär att filmproduktioner inte längre på förhand behöver ha säkrat en biografdistribution för att få statligt ekonomiskt stöd. Detta skulle kunna innebära en förändring för den svenska filmens distribution i Sverige som i nuläget består av tämligen fast ordning på visningsfönster, där just biografdistributionen har en särställning. Vår forskning behandlar svenska filmproducenters, distributörers och biografägares tankar och åsikter kring distribution av svensk långfilm i Sverige. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med representanter från dessa aktörer för att få en övergripande bild av situationen idag samt eventuella möjligheter som framtiden bär med sig. Uppsatsen tar exempelvis upp biografens betydande ställning, Video on demands framfart, och producenter och distributörers önskningar om en större flexibilitet kring distributionen av film. Möjligheten att kunna skapa skräddarsydd distribution för varje enskild film och fönstersystemets påverkan på filmens aktualitet.
The swedish film industry is regulated by a film contract between the state and representatives of the industry. This contract shall be renewed during 2013. The swedish state has in a declaration of intention expressed a wish of changes about the conditions to acquire financial support from the state for film production in Sweden. A so-called technology neutrality shall be instated which means that film production no longer in forehand needs to have secured a cinema distribution deal to acquire financial support from the state. This could mean a change for distribution of swedish films in Sweden which now consist of a somewhat strict order of viewing windows. Our research addresses how swedish film producers, distributors and cinema owners think about the distribution of swedish feature films. Qualitative interviews were conducted with these professionals to get a conclusive picture of the situation in Sweden to date and what the future might bring. The essay deals with the cinema's importance, the growth of Video on demand, and producers and distributers wishes of a more flexible way for distribution of film. The possibility to be able to tailor the distribution for every individual film and the window systems impact on the films up-to-dateness.

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Box, Marcus. "New Venture, Survival, Growth : Continuance, Termination and Growth of Business Firms and Business Populations in Sweden During the 20th Century." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Almqvist & Wiksell International [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-776.

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4

Simonyan, Mesrop. "Rethinking Film Distribution." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2012. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/449.

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Ahlm, Clas. "Distribution of puumala virus in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140825.

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Puumala virus, belonging to the genus hantavirus, is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a relatively mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Puumala virus occurs endemically in Central and Northern Europe and Western Russia. In Sweden, NE is reported from the northern and central parts but virtually not at all from the southern part of the country. The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is the main reservoir of Puumala virus and humans are infected by inhalation of aerosolized animal secreta. In northern Sweden, the density of the bank vole population varies cyclically in intervals of 3-4 years and the incidence of NE shows a covariation. The prevalence of serum antibodies to hantaviruses in northern Sweden was studied in a stratified and randomly selected adult population sample comprising 1538 subjects. As expected, the prevalence increased with age. There was no difference between men and women, which was unexpected based on a male:female ratio of > 2:1 in clinical reports. By use of an immunofiuorescent assay, a seroprevalence of 5.4% and by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein as antigen, a prevalence of 8.9% was recorded. This is about or more than ten times higher than what would be calculated from clinical reports. By use of the ELISA, an occupational risk of acquisition of Puumala virus infection was demonstrated. Serum samples from 910 farmers and 663 referent subjects living in various rural parts of Sweden were tested. Among farmers from the Puumala virus-endemic northern and central parts of the country, the seroprevalence (12.9%) was higher (p=0.01) than in referents (6.8%). In the southern part of Sweden, only 2/459 persons had antibodies. Only a limited number of children with NE had been previously reported. In a separate study, 32 children with Puumala virus infection were identified and the clinical picture of NE in children was found to be similar to that of adult cases. Variations in the prevalence of Puumala virus in the bank vole population within an endemic region are not well known. Here, a higher mean rodent density and a higher prevalence of Puumala virus-specific serum antibodies were recorded in the vicinity of households afflicted with NE than in rural control areas. The data indicated that the risk of exposure locally within an endemic region may vary widely and tentatively suggested that a threshold density of bank voles might be necessary to achieve before effective spread of Puumala virus within the rodent population may occur. There is no firm evidence of the occurrence of Puumala virus among wild living animals other than rodents. A study of Swedish moose, an animal which is ecologically well characterized, was performed. Convincing evidence of past Puumala virus infection was found in 5/260 moose originating from Puumala virus-endemic areas but in none of 167 animals from nonendemic areas. Based on the low seroprevalence recorded, moose seemed to serve as endstage hosts rather than being active parts of the enzootic circle of transmission. In conclusion, the present investigations confirmed that the exposure to Puumala virus is geographically well restricted in Sweden. Seroprevalence studies indicated that only a minor proportion of individuals infected with Puumala virus are clinically reported, with a bias in favour of men. NE was confirmed to occur in children, with a clinical picture similar to that of adults. An occupational risk was defined for acquisition of Puumala virus infection. Studies in rodents suggested that there may be wide local variations within a limited area in the risk of exposure to Puumala virus. The studies validated the usefulness of a newly developed ELISA based on recombinant nucleocapsid peptides of hantaviruses and finally, methodological progress was reached when Puumala virus was, for the first time, successfully isolated from a Scandinavian patient.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1998

digitalisering@umu

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Romfahthai, Sujinun, and Wichittra Phetpakdeechai. "“Potential Distribution Channel of Thai Seasoning Pastes in Sweden” : “Potential Distribution Channel of Thai Seasoning Pastes in Sweden”." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10295.

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Globo Foods Co., Ltd. has good opportunity to export five Thai seasoning paste products to Sweden (Västerås). By setting the price as low initial price, sell firstly at ICA Maxi Hälla and Coop Extra in Västerås, use attractive promotion and advertising for Swedish people. This result is from valid, reliable primary and secondary data in order to be guideline and useful information to Globo Foods Co., Ltd. and also can adapt to fit the result with Thai seasoning pastes from other companies or other kind of products to enter to Västerås,Sweden.

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Palme, Mårten. "Five empirical studies on income distribution in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1776.

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Dutto, Davide, and Duyun Lei. "The distribution of Foreigners and Locals in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47249.

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This study aims to find a relationship between the distribution of locals inside of Sweden and the municipalities’ relative concentration of foreigners. With the usage of data found in the website Statistics Sweden, we aim to investigate the existence of any relationship between the local population size of a municipality against the number of foreigners present in said municipalities, and see whether foreigners and immigrants are more concentrated in more populated municipalities rather than less populated ones. We aim to do this by utilizing multiple regression and dummy variables to identify whether there is a significant extra negative or positive effect on foreigners. The answer seems to be that foreigners are in fact more concentrated in more locally populated municipalities, rather than less populated ones

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Ve´lez-Serna, Mari´a Antonia. "Film distribution in Scotland before 1918." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3605/.

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This thesis proposes an empirical approach to the history of film distribution and exhibition in Scotland before 1918. It deploys geo-database tools as a way to collect and analyse data from a range of archival and print sources, and to engage with historiographical questions about the emergence of cinema as an institution in a non-metropolitan context. The first part introduces the theoretical and methodological premises that underpin the project, situating it in relation to growing academic interest in early distribution and local film practices. A research method is outlined, involving the construction of a relational database documenting the places of film exhibition and the geographical variation in programming practices. This database, working alongside more detailed archival case studies, constitutes the foundation for broader discussions about the commercial, social and ideological roles of film and cinema. The analytical framework incorporates notions such as the commodity nature of film and the tension between different conceptions of the social role and position of cinema within Scottish communities. The emergence of institutional practices and structures in Scotland is thus described as occurring in a complex field of forces where two main polarities appear as prominent: Firstly, a tension between decentralised, local practices and the increasingly globalised operations of the film industry; and secondly, a shifting balance between regularisation and distinction, or the ordinary and the extraordinary. It is in terms of this fluid equilibrium that two overlapping moments in the history of the early Scottish film trade are described in the second and third parts of the thesis. Part II follows the creation and expansion of the Scottish market and popular demand for moving pictures, showing how different forms of film supply enabled the coexistence of various types of itinerant exhibition, and then of a gradual transition to fixed-site shows. It starts by exploring the continuities between film exhibition and existing cultural forms such as lantern lecturing and the music hall. It highlights the significant level of agency exercised by local exhibitors and renters within an open-market model that allowed the outright sale of films, and which also established a commercial interdependency between city-centre and peripheral exhibition. Part III argues that, once the market reached a relatively stable state with the regularisation of supply and the growing standardisation of the film product, the increasing concentration of capital and power in larger companies (both in the regional and the global scale) marked a shift in the balance of forces, away from unrestricted circulation and towards exclusivity. This is seen as a reformulation of the commodity status of film, associated with the emergence of feature programming. The consequences of the new textual and industrial trends for the Scottish distributors and exhibitors are considered, revealing geographical variation in their adoption, as well as incipient forms of resistance to the emerging institutional practices.

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Alm, Micael. "Probability Modelling of Alpine Permafrost Distribution in Tarfala Valley, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323971.

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Datainsamling har genomförts i Tarfaladalen under 5 dagar vid månadsskiftet mellan mars och april 2017. Insamlingen resulterade i 36 BTS-mätningar (Bottom Temperature of Snow cover) som därefter har använts tillsammans med data från tidigare insamlingar, till att skapa en sammanställd modell över förekomsten av permafrost omkring Tarfala. En statistisk undersökning syftade till att identifiera meningsfulla parametrar som permafrost beror av, genom att testa de oberoende variablerna mot BTS i en stegvis regression. De oberoende faktorerna höjd över havet, aspekt, solinstrålning, vinkel och gradient hos sluttningar producerades för varje undersökt BTS-punkt i ett geografiskt informationssystem. Den stegvisa regressionen valde enbart höjden som signifikant variabel, höjden användes i en logistisk regression för att modellera permafrostens utbredning. Den slutliga modellen visade att permafrostens sannolikhet ökar med höjden. För att skilja mellan kontinuerlig, diskontinuerlig och sporadisk permafrost delades modellen in i tre zoner med olika sannolikhetsspann. Den kontinuerliga permafrosten är högst belägen och därav den zon där sannolikheten för permafrost är störst, denna zon gränsar till den diskontinuerliga permafrosten vid en höjd på 1523 m. Den diskontinuerliga permafrosten har en sannolikhet mellan 50–80 % och dess undre gräns på 1108 m.ö.h. separerar den diskontinuerliga zonen från den sporadiska permafrosten
A field data collection has been carried out in Tarfala valley at the turn of March to April 2017. The collection resulted in 36 BTS-measurements (Bottom Temperature of Snow cover) that has been used in combination with data from earlier surveys, to create a model of the occurrence of permafrost around Tarfala. To identify meaningful parameters that permafrost relies on, independent variables were tested against BTS in a stepwise regression. The independent variables elevation, aspect, solar radiation, slope angle and curvature were produced for each investigated BTS-point in a geographic information system. The stepwise regression selected elevation as the only significant variable, elevation was applied to a logistic regression to model the permafrost occurrence. The final model showed that the probability of permafrost increases with height. To distinguish between continuous, discontinuous and sporadic permafrost, the model was divided into three zones with intervals of probability. The continuous permafrost is the highest located zone and therefore has the highest likelihood, this zone delimits the discontinuous permafrost at 1523 m a.s.l. The discontinuous permafrost has probabilities between 50-80 % and its lower limit at 1108 m a.s.l. separates the discontinuous zone from the sporadic permafrost.

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AbouZeid, Perihan. "Online independent film distribution : what is missing?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99049.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.
Title as it appears in MIT Commencement Exercises program, June 5, 2015: Online independent film distribution platforms: what is missing? Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis proposes a new model for online platforms for independent films. Today, platforms such as Netflix, iTunes, and YouTube are in the face of major industry challenges: more competitors are entering the market; consumers are demanding more diverse content and higher quality service; and cost of content acquisition keeps increasing. In addition, the independent film industry has a fragmented value chain, which makes it challenging for filmmakers to fund and distribute their films. By applying the platforms framework proposed by Prof. Annabelle Gawer, as well as the "coring and tipping" strategy outlined by Prof. Gawer and Prof. Cusumano, the analysis in this paper shows that a company can become a platform leader by integrating two sides of the value chain: distribution and funding. This strategy will incentivize filmmakers and distributors to use the platform instead of competitors; and it will solve the problem of industry fragmentation. This model can also give the platform access to new data on its consumers' preferences; and enable it to acquire films in its early stages at a lower cost.
by Perihan AbouZeid.
M.B.A.

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Håkansson, Johan. "Changing population distribution in Sweden : long term trends and contemporary tendencies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100712.

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The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the population redistribution in Sweden at different geographical levels from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century. The analysis is approached in three different ways. First, the redistribution at different geographical levels is analysed (papers I and II). Second, the changing accessibility between people (interpersonal accessibility) is analysed from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century (paper II). Third, the impacts of fertility, mortality, internal migration, international migration and geographical variations in age composition on population distribution are analysed for the last decades (papers I, III and IV). Measurements of concentration have been used in order to analyse the changing population distribution. For the analysis of changing interpersonal accessibility the average population within the daily reach has been calculated for different times. In order to analyse the impacts of fertility, mortality, migration and geographical variations in age composition the actual redistribution of the population is compared with the redistribution generated by a number of counterfactual scenarios. To analyse the impact of international migration the changing distribution of the population in different immigrant groups is compared to the distribution of the Swedish population. Some conclusions drawn from the thesis are: 1. There is no overall trend in the population redistribution towards either concentration or dispersion. The redistribution pattern depends on the time perspective and the geographical level chosen. The population has been both concentrated and dispersed since the beginning of the 19th century. This applies to all investigated geographical levels. In the five identified phases of the redistribution the most common pattern is that concentration and dispersion of the population exist simultaneously on different geographical levels. The total effect of the redistribution between 1810 and 1990 is that today the population is more dispersed at macro-regional level, while it is more concentrated at local and regional level. 2. Based on assumptions about the daily reach, an average person today has access to about 100 times more people locally compared with the beginning of the 19th century. The most important process for the increased accessibility has been the redistribution of the population. The process that has had the least impact is the assumed increase in daily reach. However the importance of the investigated processes changes over time. Since 1950 the increasing reach has been the most important process. However, the rate by which interpersonal accessibility increases has slowed down since 1950. 3. The main demographic factor behind the redistribution since 1970 is the geographical differences in age composition and its effects on the natural population change. It is demonstrated that this factor lies behind the trend towards increasing concentration in Sweden, while the impact of migration affects the fluctuations from this trend to a greater extent. 4. The study shows that immigration concentrates the population, while the internal migration during the 1970s and periodically during the 1980s dispersed the population. However during the 1990s the internal migration has had a concentrating effect on the spatial distribution of the population.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2000, härtill 4 uppsatser

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Nikdel, Elliott. "Online distribution and the relocation of specialised film." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412010/.

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The recent advent of online film distribution has inspired a utopian vision of change and disruption. In particular, online distribution is believed to foster a new democratic dawn of content distribution, widening the range of choice and opening pathways to a plethora of cultural content. This is deemed to have a particularly enriching impact on the diversity of film culture by dragging specialised and niche films from the fringes of the market to the centre of cultural life. In light of these claims, this thesis considers whether online film distribution is the disruptive force that many promise. In particular, this thesis assesses whether online distribution widens public access to niche content and stimulates greater public engagement with a range of specialised film. As a means of exploring these issues, this thesis proposes an alternative approach to the study of online film distribution. Rather than subscribing to the notion of disruption, this thesis argues for a model of continuity. This is achieved by analysing the current changes in content delivery through a historical lens of study. Firstly, by surveying the important chapters in the history of film distribution and exhibition in Britain, this thesis identifies a number of patterns and practices which have served to limit public access to specialised film. Following this, we see how a number of these practices and trends resurface online albeit in slightly new and interesting ways. This is evident across the broader digital landscape, addressing issues such as the renewed influence of marketing and content visibility; the continued importance of theatrical exhibition; the profound ways in which traditions of specialised distribution and exhibition shape the online platform MUBI; and the reinforcement of social distinction in the context of illegal online filesharing. By examining these and other issues, this thesis challenges the utopian discourse by painting a more complex portrait of the digital landscape, one in which the future is profoundly tethered to the past.

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Birgersson, Adam. "The impact of fuel taxation in Sweden : A study on the distributional impact of fuel tax in Sweden: A regional analysis." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85496.

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The general opinion is that an increase in fuel taxation would affect the countryside of Sweden to a greater extent, than the inner-city areas of the country. The topic of fuel taxation has become widely discussed on a political level throughout Europe. This paper examines the distributional effects on taxation of fuel in Sweden, by comparing different municipalities from different regions. By using aggregated data from different sources and estimate an increase in fuel prices by 10 percent, this paper estimates the direct effects of an increase in fuel taxation. The results show that by increasing the price on fuel with 10 percent, the municipalities located in the countryside of Sweden have a higher distributional impact and a greater tax burden compared to municipalities located near larger cities. But the differences are modest, and this paper concludes that the fuel tax should be considered proportional throughout all regions of the country.

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Fakhraei, Roudsari Farzad. "Spatial, temporal and size distribution of freight train time delay in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-59708.

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Delays and cancelled trains are often described as a problem for companies that transport goods by rail. Lack of reliability of freight trains is seen as a disadvantage compared to other modes. To date there has been limited quantitative information in Sweden about the size and the structure of the problem of trains not arriving in time. In this thesis information for two years, 2008 and 2009 is available that enable us to do the analysis of distribution on a spatial, temporal and seize-frequency scale. Since the spatial and frequency-size distributions describe the vulnerability of a transport network it has potentially important policy implications. In the size-frequency scale, we analyzed different distribution to fit with the arrival delay at the final station and we conclude that, it is not possible to find a distribution for the whole range of observations. However, considering the tail of arrival delays we find that it is exponentially distributed. This implies that the tail makes up the biggest part of total delay time. The 20 % largest delays contribute to about 78% of total delay minutes. In the spatial scale, we defined stations which have the highest value of arrival delay in the whole network and ranked them. We found out that more than 50% of the total arrival delay per year occurs in just 7% of stations. With the help of regression analysis we analyze how delays are propagated in the network. We find that delays at the origin increase arrival delay but that some part of the initial delay is gained at arrival, probably due to large slack in the time tables. Finally, in the temporal scale we analyzed arrival delays in different time scales such as monthly, weekly and daily delays. We expected that the reduction of the total number of trains in 2009 would reduce not only total but also the average arrival delay since there would be more free capacity. The data shows however, that the average delay did not decrease as the number of trains decreased due to the economic contraction in 2009, indicating that capacity might not be as crucial for explaining delays as previously expected.

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Malmberg, Åsa. "Evaluating the gender wage gap in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7654.

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Using mainly quantile regressions, this paper evaluates the gender wage gap throughout the conditional wage distribution in Sweden. The gender wage is found to increase at the upper tail of the wage distribution, indicating an enforcement of the glass ceiling effect recorded in earlier studies.

The results also indicate that the earlier noted trend of diminishing wage differences at the bottom of the wage distribution now is turning. The increase of overall wage inequalities coincides with a general increase in wage dispersion among high-income and low-income individuals. It is also noted that there are substantial differences in returns to productivity characteristics between the public and the private sectors, and that both the highest and the lowest unexplained gender wage gap is found in the public sector.

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Natzén, Christopher. "The Coming of Sound Film in Sweden 1928-1932 : New and Old Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42168.

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This dissertation examines the coming of sound film in Sweden during the years 1928–1932, and the reception of mechanically recorded sounds both in the trade press and among audiences. The novelty of sound film opened up for a negotiation of the perception of sound and image, as it made visible the film medium’s technological construction, before this visibility was once more absorbed by the cinematic discourse. The conversion to sound film is considered from three perspectives -- technology, reception and practice -- as well as through the concept of intermediality, focussing how the audio-visual expression changed during this period. Chapter 1 “Image, Sound, Audience I: ‘Constructed’ sounds - the visibility of technology” deals with these issues prior to the conversion to sound, and the following intermediate years, until sound film had reached a certain equilibrium. Chapter 2 “Production – The Companies” deals with the production and the major Swedish sound companies. Particular attention is given to how formative music in their films transforms itself into a consistent use of non-diegetic music two years before this happened in Hollywood. Chapter 3 “Reception – The Cinemas” addresses the topic of the reception of the first sound films in Sweden during 1929. The argument is that the audience’s re-awakened awareness of the technology described in Chapter 1 was an active part in this process, and that their reactions led back into the advertising campaigns, making them participants in the cinematic event. Chapter 4 “Practice – The Musicians” continues this debate from a musician’s point of view. This chapter turns the focus upside down and looks at the arrival of sound film from a grass-roots perspective. While chapter 4 diverts somewhat in dwelling on issues that do not strictly deal with the conversion to sound, it serves to contextualise a technological invention that changed not only film production and reception, but also had very concrete social repercussions for those that created the sounds of music. Chapter 5 “Image, Sound, Audience II: ‘Authentic’ sounds - the disappearance of technology” dovetails with Chapter 1, addressing similar phenomena at a time when these had become fully integrated and the technology once more became invisible.

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Berg, Su-Hyun. "Like a wave : Understanding the film and TV industries in Korea and Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300017.

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This doctoral dissertation is concerned with the complex dynamics of knowledge in the South Korean film and TV industry and Swedish filmmaking from a spatiotemporal perspective. The film and TV industries are highly dependent on knowledge and innovation. Production in the film and TV industries usually takes place in the form of projects in which creative professionals form teams for a limited time period to complete creative tasks. Moreover, the film and TV industries are facing rapid and constant changes to work practices, technology, markets and demand. Therefore, the dynamics of knowledge and interactive learning can be an important source of competitive advantages and project success in the film and TV industries. The aim of this thesis is to enhance understanding of knowledge creation and diffusion processes, relationships with institutional settings and the systematic character of business in the film and TV industries. The focus of this thesis is on the production value chain in which many independent production firms are active. It is argued that 1) the film and TV industries and their institutional environments co-evolve; and 2) project-specific knowledge sourcing takes places through local-extra local linkages. The case of the Korean film and TV industry indicates that its evolution strongly depends on the setting of the respective institutions and regulations, and on the institutional environments. In addition, it is argued that diverse actors, factors and sectors are involved in the emergence and development of the Korean film and TV industry. The Swedish filmmaking case study examines production processes and ecologies and argues that production managers are the key players in them, and their roles – investigator, bridge builder and gatekeeper – in knowledge creation and diffusion processes are central to this part of the production of film and TV. Exploring two case studies with a focus on the key (f)actors of knowledge creation and diffusion processes has resulted in the view that knowledge-based competencies can be an important source of competitive advantage and project success in high-velocity environments.

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Broome, Steven. "Liquid Distribution And Falling Film Wetting In Dairy Evaporators." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4027.

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Niro designed and built five near-identical milk evaporators for Fonterra’s production site at Clandeboye and five at the Edendale site. Tubes in the Clandeboye evaporators often fouled excessively and occasionally blocked, requiring water blasting to clear them. Large amounts of undesirable foam from milk were observed in the second effect of some evaporators. This was known to be related to fouling and early shutdowns. The fouling increased the cleaning chemical and utility usage, and the evaporator downtime. The problems were believed to be related to the liquid distribution system at the top of the tubes. Evaporator liquid distribution has received relatively little research but it has been shown that the efficiency of evaporation reduces when there is poor wetting. Some estimates were available from previous work for the minimum flowrates required to obtain a complete falling film inside a tube. Many tasks were performed to assess the performance of the liquid distribution systems. The minimum wetting rates of three different milks were found in a model evaporator tube under isothermal, heat transfer and evaporation conditions at 60ºC. Numerous measurements of evaporators at Clandeboye were made to thoroughly analyse the evaporator performance. The overall heat transfer coefficients and wetting rates were calculated throughout the evaporators. Physical measurements were taken of the dimensions of the distribution systems in every evaporator. Many potential problems were found including warping, inconsistent hole sizes and fabrication faults. An analysis of the tube and distribution hole arrangements showed that every pass had some liquid misdistribution which was confirmed by a water trial. The evaporators were inspected before cleaning after 22 hours of whole milk production and after 5 hours of milk protein concentrate (MPC) production. There was considerable fouling at the bottom of some tubes that received low whole milk flows and large particles of MPC were blocking distribution plate holes. Observation and analysis showed that the foaming was likely to be caused by an upward flow of vapour from some passes which disrupted the downward flow of milk. As a result of this project there is sufficient confidence to justify modification of effects 2 and 4 of the evaporators. Sixteen tubes in effect 4 will be welded shut and the distribution systems in effects 2 and 4 will be redesigned to give a better liquid distribution. For effect 2, vertical tubes called ‘vapour risers’ should be installed to allow the vapour to flow upwards through the distribution plate without creating foam. The heights of the partitions dividing the effect 2 passes will be modified to encourage any foam in pass 1 to flow preferentially to pass 2. Installing a filter after the MPC direct steam injector will reduce the number of blocked distribution plate holes. Both modifications are expected to enable the evaporators to run continuously for 20 hours instead of 15 hours, giving up to 33% fewer cleans. The cleaning costs are approximately $700 and milk losses are approximately $200 per clean. The modifications should save up to $438,000, based on cleaning and water blasting in the 2003-2004 milk powder season. The design of future evaporator distribution systems must be improved to avoid retrofitting.

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Smits, Charles. "Gatekeepers and gatekeeping networks in the film distribution business." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20159/.

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Cultural flow, the access producers have to markets and the range of films available to audiences are heavily circumscribed by gatekeeping arrangements that have developed between sales agents and distributors in the film distribution business. This thesis examines how sales agents and distributors operate in that business: the sort of roles they have taken on over time, their ability to regulate the circulation of and access to films, the way they exercise power over distribution, and how they operate as part of gatekeeping networks.

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McKenna, Mark. "Rethinking the 'video nasties' : economics, marketing, and distribution." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/5264/.

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There are two things that most people know about the ‘video nasties.’ The first is that prior to 1984 the video industry was completely unregulated and the absence of any regulation allowed a space for immoral and disreputable elements of the businesses to thrive. The second is that a series of public complaints about the advertising used to promote the ‘video nasties’ triggered a moral panic that led to introduction of the Video Recordings Act in 1984. Neither of these statements is entirely true, but both have allowed a popular history to persist that continues to hold the independent distributor directly accountable for the events that led to a scheme of government sanctioned censorship that continues to this day. Through exploring the marketing and distribution of the ‘video nasties’, this thesis will challenge this established history and will contextualise the ‘video nasties’ within the emerging landscape of the wider home video industry. Moving beyond the explicitly social readings that have dominated these histories and that have positioned them as an explicitly British concern, this study offers a reading that considers the ‘video nasties’ as part of, and not separate from, a broader global film industry and wider industrial practice. This will be accomplished over three sections. In the first section I will detail the established social history before reconsidering the accuracy of this narrative when it is considered alongside a previously neglected economic and technological history. This context will provide the foundation for the rest of the thesis, providing a basis that reconceptualises the ‘video nasties’ both historically and as part of wider film markets. In the second section I will return to the claims made against the promotional strategies of the early distributors and historicise this type of promotion, tracing a lineage to the ballyhoo of William Castle and the early promotions of P.T Barnum. This will provide context for a study that considers the marketing and branding of both the films and the companies that produced them, following the market through Video, DVD and Blu-ray. The final section documents the evolution of both the product and the marketplace, considering how theoretical constructs arising from film studies can help us understand the marketplace of the ‘video nasties’. The thesis is a revisionist history that reconsiders the birth of the independent video industry in the United Kingdom through the films and distributors that were marginalised and castigated.

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Blomgren, Joel, and Tim Viklund. "Distribution i Nollywood -En Potentiell Framtid." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72111.

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Nollywoods distribution is a complex phenomenon that is ever changing. With a competing market, the industry needs to constantly keep up with innovative distribution methods. As the VCD/DVD market fades away, newer distribution platforms rise. In this thesis we are going to analyze and discuss Nollywood's opportunities of growth. With empirical material from previous research and direct contact with professionals in the industry through interviews, we can establish how Nollywood is going to flourish.

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Berrada, Loubna S. M. Sloan School of Management. "Perspectives on film distribution in the U.S. : present and future." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104545.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-92).
I believe film has the power to transform people's lives and minds and to enlighten today's generation like any other medium. This is why I wanted to write my thesis about film distribution as it will determine the future of the industry itself. The way films are distributed, accessed and consumed will be critical in shaping our future entertainment culture and the way we approach content. The goal of this thesis is to analyze current distribution models, consumer behaviors and distributors marketing efforts to try anticipating the best models for the film industry. I also want to explore what the changes in the distribution landscape mean for the creatives and the content creation in overall. I will focus my analysis on movie distribution in the United States as I consider this country to be the most changing and dynamic market in the whole industry. Trends and practices in the US should be predictive of future distribution and consumption models in international territories. In addition to the high number of articles that helped me for this thesis, I will very often refer to Chuck Tryon's On-Demand Culture: Digital Delivery and the Future of Movies (2013), and Anita Elberse' s Blockbusters: Why Big Hits - and Big Risks are The Future of the Entertainment Business (2013).
by Loubna Berrada.
S.M. in Management Studies

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Elkington, Ruari B. "The education market for documentary film: Digital shifts in an age of content abundance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98494/4/Ruari_Elkington_Thesis.pdf.

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This research examines the education market for documentary film at a time of digitally mediated content abundance. How can an expanded acknowledgment of cineliteracy within the education market for screen content contribute to sustainability of the Australian documentary sector through improved distribution and educational outreach practices? Engaging with international case studies of film festivals, foundations and charities both in the UK and US allows for observations around best practice to be considered for a local context.

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Ljunggren, Tim. "Probabilistic Life Cycle Costing : A Monte Carlo Approach for Distribution System Operators in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218293.

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Investments in power systems are characterized by large investment costs and uncertainties doto extended time frame. New consumption patterns in the electricity grid, as well as an aginggrid calls for modernization, new solutions and new investments. Components in the electricalsystem is characterized by most of their costs that are caused after their acquisition. One stateof the art method in analyzing investments over long time frames and provide long-term costestimation is life cycle costing (LCC). In LCC a "cradle to grave"-approach is performed whichenables comparative cost assessment to be made. This thesis reviews the existing literature inprobabilistic life cycle costing and gives a step by step methodology for DSOs to systematicallyaddress uncertainty in cost and technical parameters.This thesis proposes a Monte Carlo sampling method in combination with a Markov Chainfailure model to model failures is providing a comprehensive method of reaching nancial benetwhen comparing dierent investment decisions. The model evaluates nancial implications andtechnical properties to demonstrate the total cost of components. This thesis analyses a casefor Swedish distribution system operators and their investment in transformers. The proposedmodel includes an all-covering model of costs and incentives. The main conclusion is that probabilisticlife cycle costing benets investment decisions and the applied method shows promisingresults in addressing uncertainty and investment risks. The developed PLCC model is used onan investment decision where two transformers are compared. Results shows that PLCC is apowerful tool and could be used in power system applications.
Investeringar i kraftsystem kännetecknas av höga investeringskostnader och osäkerheter på grundav komponenternas långa livslängd. Nya konsumtionsönster och ett föråldrat elsystem efterfrågar mordenisering, nya lösningar och nya investeringar. Komponenter i elnätet karakteriserasav att den största delen av kostnader orsakas efter de förvärvats. En framstående metod för attanalysera investeringar som löper över långa tidsspann och som kan ge en kostnadsestimeringär livscykelkostnadsanalys. Inom livscykelkostnadsanalys tillämpas ett från vaggan till graventillvägagångssätt vilket möjliggör jämförelser av kostnader. Denna uppsats granskar existerandeforskning inom probabilistisk livscykelanalys och ger en steg-för-steg-metodik för att en distributionsnätsoperatör systematiskt skall kunna adressera osäkerheter relaterade till kostnader samttekniska parametrar.Denna uppsatsen föreslår en Monte Carlo-metod i kombination av en Markovkedja, för attmed en heltäckande metod nå finansiell jämförbarhet mellan olika investeringsbeslut. Denna uppsatsenanalyserar ett fall för en svensk distributionsnätsoperatör och dess investering i transformatorer.Den föreslagna modellen inkluderar en heltäckande modell för kostnader och incitamet.Huvudresultatet från den föreslagna metoden är att probabilistisk livscykelkostnadsanalys samtde använda metoderna visar lovande resultat för att adressera osäkerheter och risker vid investeringsbeslut.

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Hedlund, Martin. "Growth and decline in rural Sweden : geographical distribution of employment and population 1960–2010." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-139723.

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This thesis investigates the combination of changes in the population and employment into sectors in rural Sweden for the period 1960-2010. The aim is to describe and analyze the demographic changes together with the labour market changes, and to account for the spatial outcome of these changes by considering the heterogeneity of rural areas. The analysis departs from the framework of rural restructuring, where changes in employment and population in rural Sweden are interpreted as local products of the global processes of technological development, social modernization and globalization. Empirically, the analysis is based on a combination of longitudinal censuses and register data on the Swedish population covering the period 1960-2010. The first part of the aim is achieved by applying a life-course perspective and exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data. The life-course perspective distinguishes between historical time and the age of individuals, making it possible to situate changes in employment and migration on the individual level. The second part of the aim is achieved through developing a typology of rural Sweden by doing a cluster analysis on SAMS-areas. The results show that rural change after 1980 was characterized by de-industrialization and the rise of the urban service sector. The period was also characterized by regional urbanization rather than local urbanization. Peripheral urban and rural areas based on industrial employment found themselves with a declining economic motor, which meant that people had to find their source of income elsewhere. The migration stream in this period was thus increasingly directed towards metropolitan or large city centers, and their rural surroundings within commuting distance. However, the more fine-tuned spatial typology reveals that also a few areas in the rural periphery have experienced growth, these areas are mainly attractive places based on various kinds of tourism. It can thus be concluded that different rural areas have experienced, and will continue to experience, the shift from manufacturing to services differently, where some areas have grown in both demographic and employment terms while others have declined. In this sense the heterogeneity of rural areas are a product of both growth and decline – of old development paths that is reaching their end and of new development paths that will continue into the future.

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Devisetti, Suresh K. "Pressure Distribution and Transfer in Rolling Nips." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DevisettiSK2004.pdf.

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Bennett, Nicholas Charles. "The Transforming Diversity and Variability of Film Exploitation, Distribution and Consumption." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297493.

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This paper aims to discuss how the changing perception of film accessibility affects the exploitation and distribution of movies. Films are now seen as an extremely available and far-' reaching source of entertainment, and consumers have recently adapted in new ways due to the advent of new technological movie-viewing resources. The emergence of consumers who have the ability to watch their favorite movies on a small, handheld tablet demonstrates just how far the distribution of film has come. With many new options to find and watch movies, a person's preferences and schedule can typically be matched with some form of viewing technology. This new widespread availability of film, and how young consumers view films, will be the basis of this thesis, focusing upon college undergraduates and their common behaviors of seeking and viewing movies and in-depth research on the changes of the industry. A series of four studies were conducted to explore the movie viewing behaviors and preferences of undergraduate students and the University of Arizona.

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Ung, Kevin, and Isabela Olsson. "The effects of immigration on income distribution: The Swedish case." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85845.

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The purpose of this essay is to study what impact immigration has on the Swedish income distribution for the period 1992-2005. This essay uses a two-folded approach to study the income distribution, first, an income inequality measure will be investigated in order to find if the inequality increases or decreases by the increased immigration. Secondly, we estimate a quantile regression for the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles for the period 1992, 1995, 2000 and2005, together with an OLS regression in order to find the income gap between the immigrants and natives, which is analysed for males and females separately. The study found that the inflow of immigrants increased income inequality in the lower tail of the income distribution. Immigrants at the upper tail of the income distribution are doing relatively better than the immigrants in the lower tail of the income distribution. Conclusively, independently of gender, the income gap between immigrants and natives is almost three times as large in the lower tail of the income distribution relative to the upper tail of the income distribution.

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Lindqvist, Emil, and Johan Jönsson. "Modellutveckling och kostnadsanalys vid sortimentsexpansion på Staples Sweden AB : Vägen mot miljonen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26549.

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Bakgrund: För att stärka sin position på marknaden önskar Staples Sweden AB utöka sitt artikelsortiment till att omfatta 1 000 000 artiklar. För att möjliggöra sortimentsexpansionen behövs beslutsunderlag rörande hantering och kostnadsstruktur identifieras. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utveckla en modell vid val och utformning av distributionssätt för att föreslå en distributionsslösning. Syftet är också att genom en kostnadsanalys identifiera orderkostnadsstrukturen för den föreslagna distributionslösningen. Metod: Vid genomförandet av studien tillämpades en fallstudiedesign. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom intervjuer utförda på Staples Sweden AB. Slutsats: Vid tillämpningen av modellen som utvecklades i studien framkom att distributionslösningen ska utgöras av direktleveranser, konsoliderade direkleveranser, ”cross-docking”, ”cross-docking” med buffert och traditionell lagerhållning. Orderkostnaden skiljde sig mellan distributionssätten där ”cross-docking” var billigast och direktleveransvarianterna var dyrast.
Background: To strengthen its position on the market, Staples Sweden AB seeks to expand its product range to include one million articles. The problem is that no one in the company knows how such a variety of items should be managed and how the structure of order costs would change. Based on these problems, the task for the study arose. Purpose: The thesis aims to develop a model for the selection and design of distribution methods for proposing a solution that can manage one million articles. It also aims to identify the structure of order cost for the proposed solution through a cost analysis. Methodology: The study was conducted by applying a case study design. The empirical data were collected through interviews conducted at the Staples Sweden AB. Conclusion: In the application of the developed model showed that the distribution solution should consist of direct shipping, consolidated direct shipping, cross-docking, cross-docking with buffer and traditional warehousing. Order cost differed between distribution where "cross-docking" showed to be the cheapest and direct shipping variants were the most expensive.

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Ghedin, Jessica <1992&gt. "Film production and distribution in China: the case of the Wanda Group." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14684.

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China's film industry is now the biggest one in the world. In recent years has faced a deep crisis and in order to overcome it, it has been rejuvenated and innovated, through the approval of new regulations and preferential policies. The paper investigates the regulatory environment of the Chinese film industry and analyzes how both domestic and foreign films are produced and distributed within mainland China. The last part of this paper is devoted to the study of the Wanda Group,a Chinese industrial conglomerate that has the leadership in the Chinese film industry.

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Burns, John Robert. "Liquid distribution in a rotating packed bed." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308010.

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Gebacz, Chloe C. "Why So Short?: The Changing World of the Short Film Industry and Online Distribution." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1429898301.

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Johansson, Simon. "Ore mineralogy and silver distribution at the Rävliden N volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Skellefte district, Sweden." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66264.

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The Rävliden North deposit (Rävliden N) is a volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit in the western part of the Skellefte district, northern Sweden. The district is one of Sweden’s major metallogenic provinces with a significant amount of VMS deposits. The Rävliden N deposit, discovered in 2011, contains copper, zinc, lead, silver and subordinate gold and occurs close to the largest VMS deposit in the district, the Kristineberg deposit, which has been mined for more than 70 years. The purpose of this master thesis is to study the composition, mineralogy and paragenetic relationships in different types of sulphide mineralization from the Rävliden N deposit. Emphasis is placed on characterizing the distribution and paragenetic relationships of silver-bearing minerals. The methods include core logging, sampling and mineralogical studies through light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative evaluation of mineralogy by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN). Lastly, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to determine the chemical composition of silver-bearing minerals and sulphides. Mineralization types studied include 1: the main massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization, 2: stratigraphically underlying stringer mineralization and 3: local, vein- and/or fault-hosted silver-rich mineralization in the stratigraphic hanging wall. The massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization is dominated by sphalerite with lesser galena and pyrrhotite. In contrast, the stringer mineralization is dominated by chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The major minerals show evidence of a coeval formation and textural as well as structural evidence suggest that ductile deformation has affected the mineralization types. Notable evidence includes ball-ore textures, accumulation of minerals in pressure shadows and brittle fracturing of competent arsenopyrite and pyrite porphyroblasts and infilling by more incompetent sulphide minerals. The silver-bearing minerals identified are commonly spatially associated with galena and the major species is freibergite ((Ag,Cu,Fe)12(Sb,As)4S13), which also occur as inclusions in chalcopyrite mainly in the stringer mineralization. The stringer mineralization also contains notable amounts of hessite (Ag2Te). Notably, galena, pyrrhotite, freibergite and other sulphosalt minerals are commonly accumulated in pressure shadows near host rock fragments in the massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization. The only gold-bearing mineral identified in this study is electrum (Au, Ag) in the stringer mineralization. The hanging wall mineralization locally comprises faulted and/or sheared massive sulphide mineralization which is compositionally similar to the main massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization, besides a significantly higher content of freibergite. However, parts of the hanging wall mineralization are entirely dominated by sulphides and sulphosalts of silver, such as pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3), pyrostilpnite (Ag3SbS3), argentopyrite (AgFe2S4), sternbergite (AgFe2S3) and stephanite (Ag5SbS4). These occur in structurally late settings, which along with consideration of their temperature stabilities suggest a late origin. Since the silver-bearing minerals in the massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization and the two varieties of hanging wall mineralization contains the same metals, the mineralization in the hanging wall may have formed by late-stage remobilization of ore components from the underlying Rävliden N deposit. This negates the need for multiple mineralization events to explain the local silver-enriched zones in the hanging wall. The paragenetically late mineralization types contains high content of Ag-bearing minerals in relation to base metal sulphides. This suggests that remobilisation processes were important for locally upgrading the Ag-content.

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Lucks, Timothy J. "Controls on mineralization and ore distribution in the Laisvall Sandstone hosted Pb/Zn deposit, Northern Sweden." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400933.

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Lhuissier, Henri. "Nappes, trous, ligaments et gouttes." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600229.

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Ce manuscrit aborde le problème de l'atomisation des films liquides à travers diverses expériences portant sur leur formation, déstabilisation et fragmentation. Une première partie identifie et décrit deux mécanismes de désintégration à l'œuvre lors de la rétractation d'un film de savon. Lorsque le film se détache sur une frontière, le bord de Plateau est entrainé et son accélération explique la déstabilisation. Lorsque le perçage a lieu au centre, le battement du film résultant de l'interaction avec l'atmosphère au repos conduit à sa fragmentation. Une second étude explique le plissement singulier de certaines cloches liquides par un ressaut hydraulique à interfaces libres assurant la transition d'un écoulement super-critique vis-à-vis des ondes capillaires à un écoulement sub-critique. La courbure marquée associée à cette transition impose au liquide une accélération centripète susceptible de déstabiliser la cloche en aval. La formation des embruns par l'intermédiaire de l'éclatement des bulles de surface est abordée dans une troisième partie. La géométrie des bulles, le mécanisme de drainage de leurs films et les événements de perçage sont étudiés afin de rendre compte de l'épaisseur de la bulle au début de l'éclatement. La dynamique ultérieure de fragmentation est détaillée conduisant à une caractérisation du spray produit. Une dernière partie étudie l'atomisation effervescente sur une expérience modèle : une nappe liquide plane ensemencée en fines bulles d'air favorisant la nucléation de trous. Sur la base de mesures des taux de nucléation et croissance des trous, un modèle statistique du réseau de ligaments liquides formés par la réunion des bourrelets ceinturant les trous permet un description du spray issu de la fragmentation du réseau.

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Smith, Adrian John. "The distribution and exploitation of popular European film in British cinemas, 1960-1975." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76661/.

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The history of British cinema is often approached from the perspective of charting and analysing the history of British film production, taking in the contribution made by directors, actors, writers and studios. In this thesis I assert that a history of British cinema ought to take into consideration what was being presented to British audiences in cinemas. During this period independent distributors imported hundreds of European films into the UK to fill the constant need cinemas had for new product, a need which could not be met from Hollywood or the British film industry alone. This thesis focuses on specific popular genres; the peplum, or sword-and-sandal film, the Eurospy thriller and sexploitation. The latter is further divided into loose sub-genres; the prostitution drama, the “Mondo” documentary and the sex education film. Taking the lead from the New Film History and the work of Sarah Street in document analysis, material is used from several different archives to reveal information about the practices of these chosen distributors, which enables an original view on the way independent distribution worked in the 1960s and 1970s. Oral history interviews with people who either worked in the sector or who had direct contact with the distributors under discussion are also included, offering new information and historical data. These interviews provide a unique insight into a part of the film industry which has otherwise been neglected by official histories of British cinema. Analysis of some of the key texts has also taken place, in order to present a wider understanding of the genres and the way the marketing material and exploitation techniques often served to misrepresent the texts themselves. Issues around Imperialism and Orientalism have been explored in relation to some of these texts to contextualise the genres under discussion. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that, for historians, the field is still open to new areas of research.

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Gustafsson, Anders, Carina Larsson, and Henric Sundström. "Åkers Sweden AB - Outbound Logistics : Reduction of Environmental Effects." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9303.

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Summary

Environmental issues have become increasingly more important the last decade. It is of great importance to reduce emissions of green house gases (GHG) and the transport sector contributes to a large part of GHG emissions. The transport sector is the only sector that actually has increased the emissions during the last decade. This is a result of a growing economy and an increased demand of both carriages of passengers as well as freight transports. To reduce GHG emissions there is a need of smart, effective logistics solutions and new technologies. This thesis will contain a review of Åkers Sweden AB’s outbound logistics of rolls. The aim of this thesis is to identify environmental improvements without increasing further costs. A questionnaire for environmental evaluation of transport suppliers will also be developed in this thesis. Initial question formulations of this thesis are:

1. What are the environmental effects of the different modes of freight transports that are used in the case of Åkers Sweden AB? Are there any environmental improvements possible to establish without increasing costs?

2. How can distributors be evaluated regarding environmental effects?

Emissions and energy use of Åkers Sweden AB’s transports is calculated with the calculation model NTMcalc version 1.9.9. This model is developed by the Network for Transport and Environment (NTM). Examined modes of transport are road, rail and sea transports. Both theory and result in this thesis demonstrate that rail transports should be preferred to road transports from an environmental point of view. A disadvantage of rail transports is longer transport time in most cases. Longer transport time contribute to higher capital cost of goods during transit. Another disadvantage is that rail transports are limited between terminals or that customers have an industrial railway track. That leads to an increased need of reloading and handling costs.

Potential alternative with less impact on the environment has been developed. This involves less impact than current alternative. The new alternative will decrease freight costs by 37 %. However, an increased capital cost by 84 % has been identified due to additional transportation time that is required for the alternative suggested. Transport costs are poorly connected to the real cost on the society. Governments throughout the world need to encourage transport buyers to choose more environmentally adapted alternatives by using management control measures. Also, a questionnaire for environmental evaluation of transport suppliers has been developed. It contains questions of the environmental organisation of the company, how they work with education of staff and reporting of environmental effects.

Sammanfattning

Under senare tid har miljöfrågor fått en alltmer framträdande roll i samhällsdebatten. Det är av största vikt att reducera alla utsläpp av växthusgaser och transportsektorn står för en betydande del av dessa. Transportsektorn är den enda samhällssektorn som ökat utsläppen av växthusgaser under senare år. Detta till följd av en växande ekonomi och ett ökat behov av både person- och frakttransporter. För att reducera utsläppen krävs smarta, effektiva lösningar och ny teknologi. Detta examensarbete kommer att innehålla en fördjupning av Åkers Sweden AB:s utgående distribution av valsar. Målet är att försöka hitta en distributionslösning som är mer miljövänlig än nuvarande alternativ, men samtidigt inte dyrare. Även ett förslag till miljöbedömning av transportleverantörer kommer att utvecklas i detta examensarbete. Detta arbete syftar att svara på följande frågeställningar:

1. Vilken miljöpåverkan har de olika typer av frakttransporter som används av Åkers Sweden AB? Kan ett mer miljövänligt alternativ utvecklas utan att kostnaderna ökar?

2. Hur kan transportleverantörer utvärderas ur ett miljöperspektiv?

Utsläpp och energiförbrukning vid Åkers Sweden AB:s transporter beräknades med hjälp av kalkylverktyget NTMcalc version 1.9.9. Denna modell är utvecklad av Nätverket för Transporter och Miljön (NTM). De transportslag som undersöks är väg- sjö- och järnvägstransporter. Både teori och resultat i denna rapport visar att järnvägstransport bör föredras ur ett miljöperspektiv framför vägtransport. Nackdelen med järnvägstransporter är att de oftast har en längre transporttid under framförallt kortare transporter. En längre transporttid ger högre kapitalbindning i produkter under transport. En annan nackdel är att järnvägstransporter är bundna mellan terminaler eller är beroende av att kunden har industrispår. Därmed krävs omlastning vilket leder till att hanteringskostnader ökar.

I detta examensarbete har ett mer miljövänligt alternativ har utvecklats. Detta alternativ har en betydligt mindre miljöpåverkan än i nuvarande situation. Fraktkostnaden minskar med 37 % i det nya alternativet. Eftersom transporttiden ökar, stiger kapitalkostnaden för det nya alternativet med 84 %. Transportkostnader speglar sällan den totala kostnaden de har för samhället. Regeringar runt om i världen behöver med hjälp av ekonomiska styrmedel uppmuntra transportköpare att välja ett miljövänligare alternativ. Ett formulär för miljöbedömning av transportleverantörer har även utvecklats. Detta innehåller frågor kring hur företaget arbetar med miljöorganisation, utbildning av personal och rapportering av miljöpåverkan.

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Svetoft, Erik. "ÄLGEN." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6925.

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Work process for the production of the short film ÄLGEN (2019); Technical aspects and thematics. Film synopsis: Two animals trying to entertain at a forest zoo get humiliated and decide to run away in search of freedom. At the same time a mysterious shadow haunts the countryside and a national symbol becomes an idol of worship. A short film about national identity, freedom, climate and dancing animals. Graduation project, MFA degree , Konstfack, Stockholm. 2019

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Tran, Anthony. "Piracy on the Ground: How Informal Media Distribution and Access Influences Cultures in Contemporary Hanoi, Viet Nam." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149675/.

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This thesis explores how pirate cultures and “informal” distribution circuits operate on the ground level and integrate global media texts (mainly Hollywood films) into a small section of the local everyday society of Hanoi, Viet Nam. Situating the pirate stores and its components as active and central, this thesis will examine the physical flow of media through these store sites. In addition, by exploring the interactions between media texts, store owners and workers, customers, and the store’s design itself, this thesis will reveal how media piracy (as a form of distribution and “normal” access) influences and negotiates modernity, cultures, identities, and meanings in Hanoi and Viet Nam.

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Löfroth, Mattias. "Vid filmkonstens trösklar : Intermedialitet i Svenska Bios filmer 1910-11." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Cinema Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6605.

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The thesis examines ’intermediality’ in Svenska Bios (Swedish Biograph) first fiction films. Värmlänningarne (1910), Fänrik Ståls Sägner (1910), Bröllopet på Ulfåsa (1910), Regina von Emmeritz och Konung Gustaf II Adolf (1910), Amuletten (1910), Emigranten (1910) and Järnbäraren (1911) are analysed in relation to theatre, literature, music and ‘reality’. A detailed discussion of intermediality is combined with specific theories relating to pictorialism and literary presentation in film. The thesis conclude, that early fiction films in general, and Svenska Bios films in particular, depended on their association with other media. The thesis also includes a short discussion concerning silent cinema music.

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Elliott, Fraser. "The circulation of Chinese cinemas in the UK : studies in taste, tastemaking and film cultures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-circulation-of-chinese-cinemas-in-the-uk-studies-in-taste-tastemaking-and-film-cultures(d4745fd7-a5bb-4168-967e-17c2399df962).html.

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This thesis has two interrelated research objectives. First, to understand the circulation of Chinese cinema in Britain through the cultural authorities and gatekeepers responsible for the canonisation of international film. Second, to use Chinese-language films as case studies through which to deconstruct and better understand the mechanisms that make up British film cultures and their tastemaking practices. English-language Chinese film studies has long been preoccupied with the semantic issue of how to define such a loaded and diverse concept as âChinese cinemaâ, with investigations generally focusing on film form and production contexts. This thesis extends these studies to include considerations of the role played by film circulation, to observe how the parameters of these analyses and the films of their focus are defined in the first instance. This thesis traces the lineage of Chinese cinema as it has appeared in Britain's film cultures from 1954 through to 2014 when this project began. Taking emblematic moments of this history as case studies to anchor the investigation, each chapter contextualises the cultures into which Chinese-language films arrived. Using the sociological theories of Pierre Bourdieu and others, these investigations note how, in addition to their negotiation of international trends, domestic skirmishes for cultural authority within Britain have had significant effects on the perceived value of Chinese cinema. This thesis considers the various social, cultural, and class contexts that support Britain's key tastemakers in the circulation of Chinese cinema. It shows not only the ways modes of evaluation and film availability are cultivated through these contexts, but that the activities therein result also from, and curate, assumptions toward Chinese as a cultural, political and ethnic signifier. Those commanding the discourse around Chinese cinema in Britain have done so with conceptions about Chineseness that result from and contribute to domestic conflicts of taste, class and social standing. The inevitable intersections between film tastes and cultural assumptions have worked to curate a parochial definition of Chinese cinema that prioritises certain kinds of films at the expense of others, dependent more on the idiosyncrasies of British film cultures than the activities of Chinese film industries.

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Eriksson, Lisa. "Technological Innovation System of Distribution System for Hydrogen applied to Heavy-duty Vehicles : Enabling factors for the development of a distribution system for hydrogen in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296585.

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Factors that could enable the development of a distribution system for hydrogen applied to heavy-duty vehicles in Sweden are studied in this thesis. Fuel cell and hydrogen technology could be a solution in an electrification mix to reduce the environmental impacts of heavy-duty vehicles (Neef, 2009). However, the distribution system for hydrogen in Sweden is limited, with only five hydrogen refueling stations geographically dispersed (Vätgas Sverige, n.d.). In addition, distribution options at the lowest-cost delivery mode are highly dependent on the hydrogen application, density of demand, quantity to be transported, and distance between the delivery point and the production (Bersani, et al., 2018) To determine what factors could be decisive to develop a distribution system, the technological innovation system framework has been applied in this study. The analysis is carried out with the framework’s system functions. Further, the analysis is based on literature on hydrogen that considers hindering factors and barriers, policy recommendations, lock-in effects, distribution and transportation, and centralized vs. de-centralized systems. Moreover, data has been collected through 11 semi-structured interviews with actors from different sectors, energy companies, truck manufacturers, and researchers, amongst others. The analysis concludes that cross-sectoral collaboration, pilot testing, and governmental support can be enabling factors for the development of a distribution system in Sweden.
Faktorer som kan möjliggöra utvecklingen av ett distributionssystem för vätgas applicerat för tunga fordon i Sverige studeras i den här studien. Tekniken för bränsleceller och vätgas kan vara en lösning i en elektrifieringsmix för att minska miljöpåverkan från tunga fordon (Neef,2009). Distributionssystemet för vätgas i Sverige är dock begränsat, med endast fem vätgastankstationer som är geografiskt spridda (Vätgas Sverige, n.d.). Dessutom är distributionsalternativen till lägst kostnad i hög grad beroende av väteapplikationen, efterfrågan, kvantitet som ska transporteras och avståndet mellan leveranspunkten och produktionen (Bersani, et al., 2018). För att avgöra vilka faktorer som kan vara avgörande för att utveckla ett distributionssystem har ramverket för teknisk innovation system tillämpats i den här studien. Analysen utförs med ramverkets systemfunktioner. Vidare baseras analysen på litteratur om väte som tar hänsyn till hindrande faktorer och barriärer, policyrekommendationer, lock-in-effekter, distribution och transport och centraliserade kontra decentraliserade system. Dessutom har data samlats ingenom 11 halvstrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer från olika sektorer, energibolag, lastbilstillverkare och forskare, bland annat. Utifrån analysen dras slutsatsen att sektorsövergripande samarbete, pilottestning och statligt stöd är faktorer som kan möjliggöra en utveckling av ett distributionssystem för vätgas i Sverige.

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Ljung, Karin. "Metals in urban playground soils : distribution and bioaccessibility /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200681.pdf.

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Tchamba, Junias. "Modelling the Potential Distribution of Golden Eagle Based on Maximum Entropy : The Experimental Cases of Sweden and Norway." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26754.

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Species extinction is a major concern that affect all countries and continents. Norway and Sweden are not spared by these concerns. Therefore, several studies have led to creating a better understanding about the factors which contribute to the expansion of specific species such as the golden eagle among others. However, climate data such as the temperature and rainfall precipitation have not yet been considered as significant parameters. This study aims to experimentally investigate whether climate data can have an impact on the distribution of the threatened bird using maximum entropy modelling. In order to investigate such impact, climate data were acquired from a global climate data provider (worldclim) and the presence-only occurences of the studied bird downloaded from species data providers (www.gbif.org and www.artdatabanken.no). The results showed that the annual mean temperature was a shared factor in both Sweden and Norway. The maximum entropy modelling can be envisaged as an alternative or a complement to current techniques in GIS applications. Keywords: maximum entropy, golden eagle, species distribution, visualization, climate data.

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Crisp, Virginia. "Film distribution in the age of the Internet : East Asian cinema in the UK." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7198/.

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This thesis provides an integrated analysis of formal and informal distribution networks for East Asian Cinema in the UK through interviews and ethnographic-style research. It examines what motivates and shapes the acquisition decisions of distributors in these contexts and how these motivations might conflict, interact with, or complement one another. Whilst existing literature has focused on formal distribution and ‘piracy’ as distinct phenomena, this thesis considers both in conjunction with each other and also uncovers the distinct social contexts of each environment. Through anti-piracy discourse, the positions and priorities of ‘pirates’ and the ‘industry’ are repeatedly constructed as unequivocally distinct and oppositional. However, on the basis of my research, I argue that these seemingly opposed groups -- professional distributors and filesharers -- are more similar than we might imagine. The connections between the online and offline distributors can be noted in a number of ways. First, the actions of distributors within formal and informal networks involve complex social and cultural interactions rather than purely economic considerations. Second, an individual’s position in a socially imagined ‘knowledge community’ is perceived to be more significant than economic interest in motivating the activities of distributors within both formal and informal channels. Third, by applying Molteni and Ordanini’s principle of socio-network effects, I argue that distributors online and offline are engaged in a symbiotic relationship where each party can be said to benefit socially and culturally, if not necessarily economically, from the actions of each other. Overall, this thesis argues that social contexts of distribution in formal and informal settings shape the distribution process. Indeed, rather than just representing the movement of an economic commodity, the act of film distribution also mediates and facilitates the social and professional relationships of distributors across both sectors.

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Bremer, Oskar. "Silurian vertebrates of Gotland (Sweden) and the Baltic Basin." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolution och utvecklingsbiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328234.

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During the Silurian, the Swedish island Gotland was positioned close to the equator and covered by a shallow sea called the Baltic Basin. The sedimentary rocks (predominantly carbonates) comprising most of the island today were initially formed in this warm sea, and the relatively complete succession of rocks often contains fossil fragments and scales from early vertebrates, including heterostracans, anaspids, thelodonts, osteostracans, acanthodians, and a stem-osteichthyan. Fossils of early vertebrates become increasingly more common in younger Silurian rocks, but are mostly represented by fragmentary remains and rarer occurrences of articulated jawless vertebrates (agnathans). However, the record of articulated specimens and jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) are more numerous in rocks of the following Devonian Period. Isolated peaks of agnathan diversity during the Silurian and disarticulated remains of gnathostomes from this period hint at a cryptic evolutionary history. A micropaleontological approach with broader sampling may provide a better understanding of early vertebrate distribution patterns and hopefully give some insights into this history. The objective of this study was to build upon previous sampling on Gotland and to use established frameworks for disarticulated remains with the aim of making comparisons with similar studies performed in the East Baltic. However, difficulties locating the collections from these previous works necessitated a different focus. Undescribed museum collections and newly sampled material enabled some taxonomical revisions and greatly improved the understanding of vertebrate distribution in the youngest part of the Gotland sequence. It also indicated that this interval may represent the early stages of the diversification of gnathostomes that become increasingly dominant toward the end of the Silurian. Furthermore, the description of samples from partly coeval sections in Poland enabled some preliminary comparisons outside of Gotland, and presented a striking example of restricted environmental occurrences for a thelodont taxon. This is encouraging for future sampling and investigations on Gotland. Together with the establishment of a facies-framework comparable to that developed in the East Baltic and correlations to other areas, this may prove fruitful for an increased understanding of early vertebrate distribution and evolution during the Silurian.

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Adamsson, Carl. "Dryout and Power Distribution Effects in Boiling Water Reactors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reaktorteknologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11343.

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Film flow measurements at several axial positions in round pipes with variousaxial power distributions are presented for conditions corresponding to normaloperation of a BWR. It is confirmed that the film flow rate approaches zero atthe onset of dryout. Selected phenomenological models of annular two-phaseflow are shown to reasonably reproduce the measurements. It is concluded thatmodels are in better agreement with measurements if terms corresponding topossible boiling induced entrainment are excluded. A method to perform film flow analysis in subchannels as a post-processto a standard two-field subchannel code is suggested. It is shown that thisapproach may yield accurate prediction of dryout power in rod bundles to alow computational cost and that the influence of the power distribution is wellpredicted by the model.
QC 20100618

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49

Ebelebe, Ugo Ben. "The Impact of Digital Technology on Emerging Film Industries (Lessons from Nigeria)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370402.

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The Nigerian film industry is currently experiencing significant structural transformation stimulated by the use of new technologies in its production, distribution and exhibition modes. This research investigates how advances in digital technology are enhancing the aesthetic and narratives of screen content producers in Nigeria in their effort to become relevant in the global marketplace. This thesis will discuss key aspects of digital storytelling in the industry by examining the processes and strategies of ‘new generation’ filmmakers in Nigeria. It will also look at how digital exhibition is reviving the screening of Nigerian films in Multiplex Cinemas using digital projectors with encryption technology, and in what way emerging business models are eliminating the distribution of cheap, easy to copy DVDs – that have plagued the industry – with Nigerian owned digital online platforms such as IROKO TV, and Afrinolly, which are now providing inexpensive and easy access to a vast global audience. This thesis has a visual component which helps answer the questions raised in this research. The documentary film titled Made in Nollywood is meant to complement the written part of the thesis; thus the two components should be read/viewed together.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages & Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
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Shan, Lei. "Fluid pressure distribution at the interface between compliant and hard surfaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17788.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Film distribution in Sweden'

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