Academic literature on the topic 'Fills (earth works)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fills (earth works)"
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Yang, Pengyu, Li Li, and Michel Aubertin. "Theoretical and Numerical Analyses of Earth Pressure Coefficient along the Centerline of Vertical Openings with Granular Fills." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101721.
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Granular filling materials are placed into confining structures for various purposes, including but not limited to silos, trenches, mine stopes, and retaining walls for backfill. Stresses in these backfilled openings are commonly estimated using theoretical arching models, with equations that often involve the earth pressure coefficient K (=σ’h/σ’v). Such stress estimation can be dramatically impacted by the magnitude of K, but its value remains debatable. Along the centerline of vertical openings with granular cohesionless fills, the value of K is sometimes obtained by Jaky’s earth pressure coefficient at rest K0, based on the assumption of fixed confining walls, whereas Rankine’s active earth pressure coefficient Ka is regarded more suitable for K as claimed by some others. Recent numerical analyses from the authors have shown that the state of stress close to the center of backfilled openings cannot be solely related to wall movement. It was also shown that the K value can vary between Ka and K0 in backfilled openings with fixed (immobile) walls, depending on the locations and respective values of fill internal friction angle ϕ’ and Poisson’s ratio ν. However, none of the existing works have addressed the mechanisms and answered this fundamental but critical question: which value of coefficient K (K0, Ka, or other) should be used with analytical solutions to assess the stresses in backfilled openings (and why)? After assessing the state of the fill placed in a confined opening, theoretical relationships and specific mechanisms are proposed, for the first time, to evaluate critical values of ν and ϕ’ for defining the at-rest and active states in fills. The approach indicates that when ν or ϕ’ are smaller than or equal to critical values, the value of K near the center line of a backfill opening should be close to Ka; otherwise, K tends to approach K0 defined from ν. The theoretical analysis is complemented and validated (in part) by numerical simulations. The results also demonstrate that Poisson’s ratio can play a major role on the stress distribution within cohesionless fills, and should thus be accurately evaluated.
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Bankel, Hansgeorg, and Andrew Stewart. "New observations on the pediments of the early Classical temple of Aphaia on Aegina and on other works by the ‘Aphaia architect’." Journal of Greek Archaeology 7 (November 23, 2022): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v7i.1714.
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Over a decade ago, Andrew Stewart revived the question of whether the Persians destroyed the Archaic (or ‘older’) temple of Aphaia on Aegina, the scorched remains of which littered the terrace fills of its successor. Copious very late Attic black figure pottery accompanied them, roughly contemporary with the Athenian Agora’s ‘Perserschutt’ deposits. Stewart’s work supported that of Vinzenz Brinkmann and others who had re-dated this successor to the early Classical period, arguing that its pedimental sculptures, honoring Aeginetan prowess in the Trojan War (Figure 1), celebrated Aegina’s successful participation in the Battle of Salamis (480 BC).
Heated controversy ensued, especially among German proponents of ‘style archaeology’ (Brinkmann 2006: 414), but also among ceramicists. Were our temple’s sculptures (henceforth termed ‘the Aeginetans’) late Archaic or early Classical; created simultaneously or successively; and before or after the Battle of Salamis, in which Aeginetan warships played a decisive role? Architecture played a negligible part in these debates, perhaps because the present author’s monograph of 1993 put our temple in a relative sequence with its closest kin on Paros and at Delphi, but – as sculptured buildings require – dated it according to Dieter Ohly’s chronology for its sculpture.
Ohly dated our temple’s west pediment to c.500 BC. If one assumes that the whole project took just over five years (like the somewhat smaller Temple of Asklepios at Epidauros, built a century later but quite comparable sculpturally), planning and construction would have started c.505. For its completion, after the sculptures of the more progressive east pediment, a date c.485 was agreed. Just fifteen years later, however, Ohly’s dates would be challenged, sparking the present debate. Hence this new attempt to date our temple and explain its apparently multiple pediments by analyzing its architecture, independently from all stylistic controversies about its sculptures.
First, however, one must understand why the extraneous ‘non-pedimental warriors’ (found on the temple’s east terrace but carved in the style of its earlier west pediment) could not have belonged to the latter, but instead apparently stood in niches in the altar court (Figure 2). This task, in turn, immediately takes us to the horizontal cornice fragments with the shallow plinth sockets typical of the west pediment, found in Ohly’s excavations since 1971 and for good reason sidelined as ‘surplus.’
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Iluk, Jan. "Jan Chryzostom objaśnia "Hymn o miłości" [1Kor 13] (In I Epistolam ad Corinthios hom. 33-34)." Vox Patrum 52, no. 1 (June 15, 2008): 291–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8057.
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In 1CorHom, edited in the autumn and winter of 392 and 393 AD, John Chrysostom found a natural opportunity to return to his numerous utterances on the role of love in the lives of people. Obviously, the opportunity was the 13“ chapter of this Letter - The Song of Love. Among his works, we will find a few more smali works which were created with the intention of outlining the Christian ideał of love. Many of the contemporary monographs which were devoted to the ancient understanding of Christian „love” have the phrase „Eros and Agape” in their titles. In contemporary languages, this arrangement extends between sex and love. Both in the times of the Church Fathers (the 4th century AD) and currently, the distance between sex and love is measured by feelings, States and actions which are morę or less refined and noble. The awareness of the existence of many stops over this distance leads to the conviction that our lives are a search for the road to Agape. As many people are looking not so much for a shortcut but for a shorter route, John Chrysostom, like other Church Fathers, declared: the shortest route, because it is the most appropriate for this aim, is to live according to the Christian virtues that have been accumulated by the Christian politeia. There are to be found the fewest torments and disenchantments, although there are sacrifices. Evangelical politeia, the chosen and those who have been brought there will find love) - as a State of existence. In the earthly dimension, however, love appears as a causative force only in the circle of the Christian politeia. Obviously, just as in the heavenly politeia, the Christian politeia on earth is an open circle for everyone. As Chrysostom’s listeners and readers were not only Christians (in the multi-cultural East of the Roman Empire), and as the background of the principles presented in the homilies was the everyday life and customs of the Romans of the time, the ideał - dyam] - was placed by him in the context of diverse imperfections in the rangę and form of the feelings exhibited, which up to this day we still also cali love. It is true that love has morę than one name. By introducing the motif of love - into deliberations on the subject of the Christian politeia, John Chrysostom finds and indicates to the faithful the central force that shaped the ancient Church. This motif fills in the vision of the Heavenly Kingdom, explains to Christians the sense of life that is appropriate to them in the Roman community and explains the principles of organised life within the boundaries of the Church. It can come as no surprise that the result of such a narrative was Chrysostonfs conviction that love is „rationed”: Jews, pagans, Hellenes and heretics were deprived of it. In Chrysostonfs imagination, the Christian politeia has an earthly and a heavenly dimension. In the heavenly politeia, also called by him Chrisfs, the Lord’s or the
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Zerrouk, N. E., and C. Marche. "Une modélisation théorique nouvelle de la rupture par submersion d'une digue en terre et sa validation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-062.
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This paper presents the EROBAR numerical model on breach formation in earth-fill dams during an overtopping flow. Hydraulics of flow over an earth-fill dam is considered as the basis for the comprehension of the breach formation process. To this will be added the mastery of the erosion mechanism and of widening of the breach canal. As the breach formation process in an earth-fill dam is very complex, the EROBAR model was the object of a two-step formulation, with the two steps joined later. The first step deals with the flow hydraulics, vertical erosion, and longitudinal evolution of the profile of the dam. The second step introduces the widening of the breach, based on the instability of the breach slope. After the two formulations were joined and validated, the EROBAR model was applied to the experimental dyke, to several homogenous earth-fill dams with or without protection, and to zoned dams.Key words: dam failure, breach erosion, earth-fill dam breach, overtopped earth dam, numerical model.
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García Hermida, Alejandro. "A chance to posthumously meet a great master: Hassan Fathy." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.383.
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Those of us who admire the work of Hassan Fathy are familiar with some of his ideas mainly through his own published works and may have gotten a broader sense of the extent and quality of his design activities through James Steele’s An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy (Whitney Library of Design, 1997). Nevertheless, the picture was still incomplete. Fortunately, Salma Samar Damluji and Viola Bertini have come together to fill this glaring gap with their new monograph book on Hassan Fathy and his work: Hassan Fathy: Earth and Utopia, published by Laurence King in 2018. Salma Samar Damluji and Viola Bertini. Hassan Fathy: Earth and Utopia. Laurence King, 2018.
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Garga, Vinod K., and Vince O'Shaughnessy. "Tire-reinforced earthfill. Part 1: Construction of a test fill, performance, and retaining wall design." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-084.
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The satisfactory disposal of scrap tires is a major environmental problem worldwide. This waste occupies valuable space in landfill sites, and tire stockpiles pose serious health and fire hazards. The use of scrap tires as reinforcement for construction of retaining walls and slopes is a viable method towards reduction of this waste. This paper describes the construction of a 57 m high × 17 m wide instrumented test fill, comprising both retaining wall and reinforced slope sections. Approximately 10 000 whole tires and tires with one sidewall removed, tied together with polypropylene rope, were used in both cohesionless and cohesive backfills. The testing program also included plate loading tests, field pull-out tests on tire mats, water-quality assessment in the field and laboratory, and other complementary laboratory testing. This first paper, in a series of three, demonstrates the practical feasibility of constructing reinforced earth fills using scrap tires. Results of large plate load tests and the field behaviour with particular reference to the design of the retaining wall sections are presented. The paper emphasizes the role of negative wall friction in increasing the active thrust when the retaining wall becomes more compressible than the backfill. Recommendations for the design of retaining walls using scrap tires are presented.Key words: scrap tires, earth reinforcement, retaining walls, reinforced slopes, plate load test, construction, performance.
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Dniprovska, N. S. "Rachmaninov. “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices”: specific of interpretation of the genre." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 55, no. 55 (November 20, 2019): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-55.08.
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Introduction. In the article the cycle of children’s choruses of S.Rachmaninov is considered, his characteristic features in subjects, figurative disclosure, the special role of lofty spiritualized lyric poetry; for the first time the appearance in the choral works of the composer of the themes “Dies irae”, “katabasis”; the spiritually-aesthetic value of Rachmaninov “Six Choruses” for secular children’s choral singing and performance is revealed. “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” op. 15 were written by S. Rachmaninov in 1895, the date of which he indicated in a letter to B. Asafiev on April 13, 1917. By the time the cycle was created, S. Rachmaninov was already the author of a considerable number of works. In the fall of 1894, he was employed by the Mariinsky Women’s School as a teacher of music theory and an accompanist of the choir. Specially for the choir of students, “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” were written: 1) “Glory!”, Words by N. Nekrasov; 2) ”Night”, words by V. Ladyzhensky; 3) “Pine”, words by M. Lermontov (from G. Heine); 4) “The waves dozed off”, words by K. Romanov, 5) “Captivity”, words by N. Tsyganov; 6) “Angel”, words by M. Lermontov. The features of S. Rachmaninov’s musical and artistic thinking, which researchers usually note in his romances – the significant role of accompaniment and a simple 3-part form, having their own historical archetype in the baroque three-part aria da capo (Antipov, 2014: 9) – can be found in “Six choirs”. The enormous artistic role of the piano accompaniment, its developed texture and organic unity with the score should be especially paid attention to. The vivid imagery of the cycle owes much to the instrumental part, which the composer not only went far beyond the accompaniment, but often has independent significance too. At first glance, the choral score of the cycle is uncomplicated – mainly with diatonic two-voice. But behind seeming simplicity, inexhaustible performing tasks for the choir and piano part are in favor. The extreme choral plays frame the cycle with themes of deep ethical and spiritual content that had not previously been encountered in children’s choral music. The middle rooms are dominated by bright lyrics, youthfully light sadness, and harmony between the pictures of nature and the states of the human soul reigns. No. 1 “Glory!” – the character of the work conveys pathetic, prayer (appeal to the Almighty for blessing) and lyrical-patriotic feelings. In the 3rd section of the miniatures, the accompaniment fills the music with fanfare intonations, in the last 6 beats, the dynamic tension within the framework of one tonic harmony is steadily increasing, and in the bass of the piano the bell ringing and ceremonial drum beat are imitated, completing the picture of the celebration. In No. 2 “Night”, the author embodies a dreamy-contemplative mood with the help of the choral cantilena. Frettonal ambiguity of the extreme parts (major-minor), functions languidly lasting for several measures, delicate harmonic colors, flexible ligature of figures, masterful techniques of sound-visualization contribute to a special refinement of moods and miniature images and are associated with impressionist music. No. 3 “Pine” – S. Rachmaninov chose M. Lermontov’s translation as the theme of loneliness and dreams of happiness, giving contrast to the musical images of northern Pine and southern Palma. No. 4 “The waves dosed off” – to convey the state of spiritual harmony and dreamy peace S. Rachmaninov found a set of expressive compositional techniques. Here we emphasize the special independence of the piano part, which does not contain a choral theme, but plays an important soundvisual role, enriching the narration of the choir. No. 5 “Captivity” – the image of a gentle bird, imprisoned in a golden cage, is widespread in fairy tales and poetry of the peoples of the world, as well as in choral music. In N. Tsyganov’s verses, the denouement is optimistic – the nightingale is set free. S. Rachmaninov relies intonationally on the Russian peasant cry-lamentation. The melody has a touching colour, the miniature is distinguished by a bright national color. No. 6 “Angel”. The poem tells of the great sacrament of conception in the spiritual world of a new person’s life. The Angel carries this person’s soul from heaven to earth to connect it with the body of the unborn child. In flight, an Angel sings a song about celestial gardens to this yet unincarnated Soul. The composer weaves a fragment of the motive-symbol “Dies irae” into Angel’s theme, entrusting it to a part of the alto and veiling from above the unrecognizabl third major second part of the soprano. The smoothly descending theme of the Soul can be described in this context as “katabasis”. This symbolism gives the miniature a deep philosophical meaning. S. Rachmaninov was the first Russian composer to create an example of concert purpose in The “Six choirs”. He raised to a new level the theme of children’s works, characteristic of the genre of that time. And that is education of a spiritually rich personality. The author revealed the extraordinary rhythmic and intonational richness of musical speech, the mastery of texture, harmony, the sophistication of technical techniques, and the tonal color scheme were rare for children’s choral music of that time. The richness of colors and the layering of the piano part bring it closer to the orchestra. In The “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” S. Rachmaninov revealed a new example of children’s choral music for concert purposes, which has high artistic merits, a deep substantive theme, and an aesthetic and educational orientation. The composer first attracted high poetry, revealed a spiritual and moral subtext. The theme of Faith, reflected in the first and last miniatures, “rings” the cycle, like Alpha and Omega, giving special semantics and significance to its figurative content. The essay reflected important artistic principles and writing techniques, characteristic of his subsequent opuses, but new to the children’s genre. Like the First Symphony (1895), created in the same year as the cycle, the “Six choirs” for the first time include the theme “Dies irae” symbolic for S. Rachmaninoff’s art, which further permeates his work up to “Symphonic dances”, as well as the theme “katabasis” revealing the spiritual and philosophical meaning of the work. This cycle was S. Rachmaninov’s only experience in children’s choral music, in which first for the genre he embodied high spiritual and ethical ideas of a romantic artist, his Christian picture of the world, the eternal themes of love for the Fatherland, life and death, good and evil, also actual for modern society and children of the XXI century. Prior to S. Rachmaninov, children’s choral music did not know such a depth of content, mastery of embodiment, aesthetic pleasure. The unsurpassed beauty of “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” made them a phenomenon of perfection in musical art for children, which is timeless, of course.
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Abdullah, Berivan M. A., Ivan H. Murad, and Herjin F. Abdullah. "Kurdish Students’ Attitudes Towards the Use Of Films In Teaching Literary Works In EFL Classroom." JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) 7, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v7i1.207.
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The current study investigates Kurdish students’ attitudes towards the use of films in teaching literary works at universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study also highlights whether using films in teaching literary works is beneficial or not and what challenges are faced by them. The data were collected by using questionnaires and interviews from 60 students aged between 18-24 years old from both private and public universities. Out of 60 students, 15 were randomly chosen to be interviewed. Results show that some students consider teaching literary works using films is beneficial, as it encourages students to study and read more literary works and it also makes them actively interact with the content which helps them remember the events more effectively. However, the study also reveals that some Kurdish students consider teaching literary works using films is a waste of time, and this discourages interaction between students and their teacher. In addition, ‘boredom’ and ‘language difficulty’ are the other two major challenges faced by Kurdish students.
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Fitri Apriyanti and Rahmi Aulia Nurdini. "AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM IN MERRY RIANA : MIMPI SEJUTA DOLAR MOVIE." Ed-Humanistics : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/ed-humanistics.v6i2.2084.
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In literary works, films cannot be separated from life, one of which discusses the issue of discrimination against women, a phenomenon that continues to be actively debated in society and gave birth to the feminism movement. Feminism can also appear through films, one of which is Merry Riana. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what is meant by feminism and how feminism is reflected in films and associated with liberal feminism. This study uses a qualitative method with sources from the original Merry Riana video. The writer uses data collection techniques from online sources. The data were collected by watching the film and understanding the film's dialogue several times and making observations to strengthen the analysis using the semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 8 data indicate the presence of elements of feminism in Merry Riana's action. (2) Feminism is shown through Signs, Objects and Interpreters. (3) In liberal feminism, it proves that women are not only focused on the private sphere, but can also be in the public sphere.
Key words: Literature, Movie, Merry Riana, Feminism
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Lo, K. Y., and Kiny Kaniaru. "Hydraulic fracture in earth and rock-fill dams." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-064.
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Unsatisfactory performance of earth and rock-fill dams involving excessive seepage, piping or failure has been attributed to hydrofracture of the core. Although the phenomenon has been reported for some time, important factors influencing hydraulic fracturing pressure, such as saturation and consolidation, have received relatively little attention; nor have results of laboratory tests or theoretical study been directly related to field performance. In this paper, laboratory hydrofracturing tests under well-defined conditions were performed. A simple theoretical expression for fracture pressure is developed involving only conventional soil strength parameters. Case histories involving hydraulic fracturing of the earthcore are reviewed, and "field" hydraulic fracture pressure and crack closure pressure are defined. The results of the laboratory tests show that hydraulic fracture pressure is not a unique soil property; its value depends on the degree of saturation and consolidation. A comparison of the data deduced from case records with test results and theoretical predictions indicates general consistency. The field hydraulic fracturing pressures are bounded in the upper limit by results from saturated-consolidated tests and in the lower limit by results of saturated–unconsolidated hydraulic fracturing tests. It is suggested that the methodology presented may be useful in the assessment of risk of hydraulic fracturing of dams. Key words: earth and rock-fill dams, hydraulic fracture, tensile strength, seepage, Teton Dam.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fills (earth works)"
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Zou, Yong, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Behavior of the expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam on soft soil." THESIS_CSTE_EID_Zou_Y.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/792.
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Excessive settlement and foundation instability are some of the main problems commonly encountered in fills and embankment structures built on a soft soil of low bearing capacity.The Expanded Polystyrene(EPS)replacement method, by partially or fully replacing the conventional fill material with extremely lightweight EPS geofoam, may solve these problems. In this thesis, experimental and theoretical work have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of EPS under various loading conditions in geotechnical applications and the effectiveness of EPS replacement technique has been studied using numerical models.Several tests were performed for this study and the results of these tests are givenDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Zou, Yong. "Behavior of the expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam on soft soil." Thesis, View thesis View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/792.
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Excessive settlement and foundation instability are some of the main problems commonly encountered in fills and embankment structures built on a soft soil of low bearing capacity.The Expanded Polystyrene(EPS)replacement method, by partially or fully replacing the conventional fill material with extremely lightweight EPS geofoam, may solve these problems. In this thesis, experimental and theoretical work have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of EPS under various loading conditions in geotechnical applications and the effectiveness of EPS replacement technique has been studied using numerical models.Several tests were performed for this study and the results of these tests are given
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Zou, Yong. "Behavior of the expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam on soft soil /." View thesis View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030428.112945/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2001.A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Civic Engineering and Environment, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, January, 2001. Bibliography : p. 215-225.
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Savitha, S. "Geotechnical Evaluation Of Illite-Bentonite Mixtures As Liners." Thesis, 1997. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1800.
Full textBooks on the topic "Fills (earth works)"
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The Lord of the Rings: The Art of The Two Towers. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
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The Lord of the Rings: The art of The return of the king. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.
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Tolkien, J. R. R. 1892-1973. and Tolkien, J. R. R. 1892-1973., eds. The lord of the rings: The fellowship of the ring : visual companion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.
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Fisher, Jude. The lord of the rings: The two towers : visual companion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
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Verne, Jules. Twenty thousand leagues under the sea: The mysterious island ; Journey to the center of the earth ; Around the world in eighty days. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1994.
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Goodman, Lenn E. The Holy One of Israel. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698478.001.0001.
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Holy, holy, holy! The Lord of hosts! The fill of all the earth is His glory. In these few ecstatic words the prophet Isaiah captured the core of Jewish thinking about God, humanity and nature. If the idea of holiness points toward God’s transcendence, Isaiah’s balancing half-line comes down to earth, recognizing God’s presence throughout the world. This book is a philosophical exploration of that remarkable and distinctively Jewish idea—that God is everywhere, yet not in space. Here the author, long recognized as one of Judaism’s foremost living philosophers, explores what can be meant by God’s uniqueness, presence and perfection. In a text richly resonant with the classic Jewish sources and in dialogue with the great philosophers, Goodman probes the ideas of revelation, natural law, the problem of evil, the challenges and limits of the idea of God’s transcendence and God’s actions in and through nature, including human nature. The Holy One of Israel is must reading for anyone seriously interested in how our ideas about God can inform our lives and our thinking about individual and social responsibility and intellectual and artistic creativity and spiritual growth.
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Nanney, Lisa. John Dos Passos and Cinema. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781942954873.001.0001.
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John Dos Passos & Cinema, the first study to use the novelist’s little-known writing for the screen to assess the trajectory of his prolific career, explores both how film aesthetics shaped his revolutionary modernist narratives and how he later reshaped them directly into film form. The book features previously unpublished manuscripts and correspondence illustrating case studies of his screen writing during the 1930s for Hollywood feature films and in an innovative independent treatment; it examines the complexities of his role in the 1937 political documentary The Spanish Earth; and it explores the unproduced screen treatment of his attempts from the 1940s on to adapt his epic trilogy U.S.A. directly for the screen and to realign its leftist politics toward the anti-Communist conservatism reflected in his work and activism of that period. John Dos Passos & Cinema thus provides a new context for and reading of his modernist literary innovations and his conservative political reorientation in the 1930s that redefined his literary career.
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Hardin, Garrett. Living within Limits. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078114.001.0001.
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We fail to mandate economic sanity, writes Garrett Hardin, "because our brains are addled by...compassion." With such startling assertions, Hardin has cut a swathe through the field of ecology for decades, winning a reputation as a fearless and original thinker. A prominent biologist, ecological philosopher, and keen student of human population control, Hardin now offers the finest summation of his work to date, with an eloquent argument for accepting the limits of the earth's resources--and the hard choices we must make to live within them. In Living Within Limits, Hardin focuses on the neglected problem of overpopulation, making a forceful case for dramatically changing the way we live in and manage our world. Our world itself, he writes, is in the dilemma of the lifeboat: it can only hold a certain number of people before it sinks--not everyone can be saved. The old idea of progress and limitless growth misses the point that the earth (and each part of it) has a limited carrying capacity; sentimentality should not cloud our ability to take necessary steps to limit population. But Hardin refutes the notion that goodwill and voluntary restraints will be enough. Instead, nations where population is growing must suffer the consequences alone. Too often, he writes, we operate on the faulty principle of shared costs matched with private profits. In Hardin's famous essay, "The Tragedy of the Commons," he showed how a village common pasture suffers from overgrazing because each villager puts as many cattle on it as possible--since the costs of grazing are shared by everyone, but the profits go to the individual. The metaphor applies to global ecology, he argues, making a powerful case for closed borders and an end to immigration from poor nations to rich ones. "The production of human beings is the result of very localized human actions; corrective action must be local....Globalizing the 'population problem' would only ensure that it would never be solved." Hardin does not shrink from the startling implications of his argument, as he criticizes the shipment of food to overpopulated regions and asserts that coercion in population control is inevitable. But he also proposes a free flow of information across boundaries, to allow each state to help itself. "The time-honored practice of pollute and move on is no longer acceptable," Hardin tells us. We now fill the globe, and we have no where else to go. In this powerful book, one of our leading ecological philosophers points out the hard choices we must make--and the solutions we have been afraid to consider.
Book chapters on the topic "Fills (earth works)"
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Ouala, Said, Pierre Tandeo, Bertrand Chapron, Fabrice Collard, and Ronan Fablet. "End-to-End Kalman Filter in a High Dimensional Linear Embedding of the Observations." In Mathematics of Planet Earth, 211–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18988-3_13.
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AbstractData assimilation techniques are the state-of-the-art approaches in the reconstruction of a spatio-temporal geophysical state such as the atmosphere or the ocean. These methods rely on a numerical model that fills the spatial and temporal gaps in the observational network. Unfortunately, limitations regarding the uncertainty of the state estimate may arise when considering the restriction of the data assimilation problems to a small subset of observations, as encountered for instance in ocean surface reconstruction. These limitations motivated the exploration of reconstruction techniques that do not rely on numerical models. In this context, the increasing availability of geophysical observations and model simulations motivates the exploitation of machine learning tools to tackle the reconstruction of ocean surface variables. In this work, we formulate sea surface spatio-temporal reconstruction problems as state space Bayesian smoothing problems with unknown augmented linear dynamics. The solution of the smoothing problem, given by the Kalman smoother, is written in a differentiable framework which allows, given some training data, to optimize the parameters of the state space model.
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"Works Cited." In "Be Fertile and Increase, Fill the Earth and Master It", 323–58. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501745676-012.
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Cohen, Andrew S. "The Geological Evolution of Lake Basins." In Paleolimnology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0006.
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Two things are required in order for a lake to exist on the earth’s surface: a topographically closed hole in the ground and water. The subject of how topographical depressions form on the earth’s continental crust has frequently been cast as one of lake origins, emphasizing the hole’s initial formation. However, it is important to realize that the hole itself has a history, which is partly independent of the lake that fills it, and that this history interacts with that of the water body. This chapter will emphasize this dynamic interplay that occurs throughout a lake’s history between a lake and its underlying substrate. In this sense, lake basin evolution is a more useful concept than the more static one of lake origin. The basin evolution process is manifest in everything from the three-dimensional geometry of the lake deposits that underlie the lake, to the rates of sediment accumulation, and the probable history and life span of the lake. Furthermore, different types of lakes are better or worse suited to answer specific paleolimnological questions. Some evolutionary mechanisms predispose lakes to persist for millions of years. Records in these lakes are ideally suited to answer questions that require long temporal records. Other questions require high-resolution records of short duration, which may be better represented in lakes formed by different mechanisms. And still other mechanisms result in the formation of numerous lakes with similar characteristics within a region, ideally suited for comparative studies. Understanding lake basin evolution is therefore an essential element in the design of a paleolimnological study, because the quality of paleolimnological records is directly linked to the mechanisms of basin evolution. The formation of lakes has intrigued earth scientists for more than 100 years (W.M. Davis, 1882, 1887; Penck, 1882, 1894; Russell, 1895; Supan, 1896). Hutchinson (1957) elaborated on these earlier works, recognizing 11 major categories of lake origins and 76 subcategories. Numerous advances in understanding basin evolution have been made since Hutchinson’s work, especially from improved radiometric dating techniques, seismic stratigraphy, and lake drilling over the past 50 years.
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Oscherwitz, Dayna. "Globalisation, Cinéma-monde and the Work of Abderrahmane Sissako." In Cinéma-monde. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414982.003.0005.
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This chapter compares and contrasts Abderrahmane Sissako’s better-known films with the English-language novels of the Afropolitanism movement, whose African-born characters all share a familiarity with the realities of the Global North. The chapter further surveys the most celebrated films of the Mauritanian-born, Malian-raised, Russian-trained, French-based director, demonstrating how they dispute the universal narrative on globalisation and concomitantly root themselves in the specific context of francophone Africa. The chapter contains a detailed discussion of La Vie sur terre/Life on Earth (1998, Mali/France/Mauritania), Heremakono/Waiting for Happiness (2002, France/Mauritania), and Timbuktu (2014, Mauritania/France).
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Ribera, Robert. "Leaning on the Everlasting Arms: Love and Silence in First Reformed." In ReFocus: The Films of Paul Schrader, 189–206. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462037.003.0012.
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This chapter reads First Reformed as an embodiment and fulfillment of Paul Schrader’s career, a capstone that serves as a meditation on our responsibilities toward each other, our earth, and god. The transcendental style, the quest for redemption, a sense of restraint punctuated by violent action--these qualities have dominated Schrader’s career since the publication of Transcendental Style in Film until 2017, when he updated that text while writing and directing a film about a struggling pastor in a small church in upstate New York. First Reformed also contains nods to his filmic influences, including Robert Bresson, Ingmar Bergman, and his own work on Taxi Driver. This chapter surveys these many influences and self-references to read Schrader’s most recent film as a culmination of his life in film.
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Hall, E. Dawn. "Expansion: Night Moves." In ReFocus: The Films of Kelly Reichardt. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411127.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses Night Moves as a political thriller about ecoterrorism, and focuses on Riechardt’s adjustments in form, style, and content as compared with her prior body of work. While on the surface, Night Moves appears to have more commercial intentions, it is an overt challenge to cinematic commercialisation. Although the thriller genre promises sex, action, and special effects, Night Moves, in true independent cinematic fashion, never shows these events on screen. Night Moves invites ethical questions through the ecoterrorist actions of the protagonists and the gender commentary supplied through the sparse dialogue and character interactions. Through interviews with Reichardt and her cast and crew the chapter covers production methods and makes connections with contemporary environmental activist groups, such as the Earth Liberation Front, the Occupy Wall Street movement and to terrorist acts such as the Oklahoma City bombing.
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Arnold, Darren. "Legacy." In The Devils, 107–13. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325758.003.0009.
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This chapter highlights the legacy and influence of Ken Russell's The Devils (1973). The Devils is a film which concurrently exists both within and without of horror. The presence of a timeless, universal message should not be seen as a sign that Russell is merely using the genre as a vehicle on which to relay loftier concerns, but rather proof that some of the best horror films have an exceptionally long reach. It is not so much a film which works on different levels, but rather one in which the political and the personal, the fine detail and the broad canvas, the earth-shattering and the life-changing all collude and shift around in the same space, ready mixed for viewer consumption. The audience does not have to process the film in terms of layers, or separate the literal from the analogous, as with The Devils Russell created a work which affords the viewer that rarest of opportunities: to simultaneously think and feel.
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Eller, Jonathan R. "Harvest Time." In Bradbury Beyond Apollo, 222–27. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043413.003.0033.
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Chapter 32 begins with Bradbury’s reaction to news of Federico Fellini’s death on Halloween, 1993, and explores Bradbury’s sense of Halloween as a time of “fervor and excitement,” but not a time of happiness. Bradbury’s reflections on the later Fellini films gives way to the more positive process of bringing The Halloween Tree back to its original concept as an animated film with Hanna-Barbera and the Turner Broadcasting System. The chapter concludes with Bradbury’s work on two unrealized science fiction film projects, a proposed remake of the 1950s classic Forbidden Planet and short-lived plans for a sequel to The Day the Earth Stood Still. The chapter concludes with an examination of “Beyond Giverny,” Bradbury’s speculative American Way essay on life in the cosmos.
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Mey, Adeena. "Projection between Exhibition and Information." In Practices of Projection, 211–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934118.003.0013.
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Among the many reconfigurations and experiments with the ‘medium of the exhibition’ of the 1960–1970s, Sonsbeek 71 stands as one the most audacious examples. Organized by curator Wim Beeren as an attempt to find a new curatorial language and innovative exhibition form, Sonsbeek 71 took ‘the entire country as its field of operation’, the ‘exhibition’ consisting of several works of land art, ‘information centres’, as well as pavilions dedicated to film, video, and art mediation. The ‘spatial relations’ exposed by the scale of this apparatus became the very object of Beeren’s curatorial inquiry. Focusing on projected moving images at Sonsbeek 71, this chapter discusses it on three different levels. First, it identifies the way both the film and exhibition apparatus were reconfigured and how Sonsbeek 71 functioned as an epistemology of the exhibition as medium. Second, it articulates a critique of the exhibition as a form intersecting technical, discursive, informational, and sensible elements, and shows how, in its radical expansion of the exhibition medium, Sonsbeek 71 ‘conflates media history with earth history’ (Parikka). Third, what is meant by the notion of the exhibition as ‘medium’ is discussed in light of the inflatable pavilions designed by the Eventstructure Research Group where structural films and artists’ films were projected. This eventually opens up to a critique of the informational, cybernetic epistemology of Sonsbeek 71.
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MacDonald, Scott. "Erin Espelie." In The Sublimity of Document, 275–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052126.003.0012.
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Artist/scientist Erin Espelie was trained at Cornell University as a biologist, but turned down opportunities to study biology at the graduate level at Harvard and MIT in order to explore the New York City theater scene, before finding her way into independent, “avant-garde” filmmaking, first exploring her interests in biology and the history of science in a series of short films, then producing the remarkable essay-film The Lanthanide Series (2014), which explores the importance of the “rare earths” (the elements with atomic numbers 57–71) for modern communication and informational technologies. The imagery for The Lanthanide Series was recorded, almost entirely, off the reflective surface of an iPad. In her work as a moving-image artist, Espelie combines poetry, science, environmental politics, and modern digital technologies within videos that defy traditional knowledge categories. She is currently editor in chief for Natural History magazine and a director of the NEST (Nature, Environment, Science & Technology) Studio for the Arts at the University of Colorado-Boulder.
Conference papers on the topic "Fills (earth works)"
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Tanarro, Luis M., Jose Úbeda, Nuria De Andrés, José M. Fernández-Fernández, Javier De Marcos, Diana Ovaco, Jesús García, and David Palacios. "Design of three-dimensional cartographical didactic materials for Physical Geography teaching." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11195.
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Three-dimensional cartographic resources are an important tool in the teaching of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences. They are also able to help the students to reach a better understanding of the natural landscape. The objective of this work is to design appropriate 3D didactic resources to facilitate the teaching of the landforms in the Higher Education context. These didactic materials have been prepared by using Geographic Information Technologies (GIT). These graphical materials have been created with specific GIT tools, but they can be used by teachers and students with standardized sotfware (Google Earth, Adobe Acrobat Reader or image viewers). Specifically, files with topographical and geological information have been prepared to work with Google Earth. The digital elevation models (DEM) can be viewed in three-dimensional files in 3D PDF format. This work also proposes the creation of photo-realistic images with thematic information draped with the DEM in isometric perspective. Finally, 3D models have been made from the application of photogrammetric techniques so that can be seen in stereoscopic mode as an alternative to the traditional techniques. In conclusion, all these 3D didactic materials proposed in this work showed a great potential as complementary resources in the teaching and learning of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences.
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Ma, Xiaohang, and Ke Li. "The Simulation Study Of Transport System For Earth Work Allocation Of Rock-fill Dam." In 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Network and Computer Engineering (ICENCE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icence-16.2016.165.
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Brinthan, K., S. Shivadhahini, UAG Senadheera, and WAM Fernando. "Experimental Investigation and Performance Optimisation of Washing Cycles for Pre-processing of Coal Fly Ash." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.11.
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Coal Fly Ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plant combustion, has a profound focus among researchers due to its pozzolanic properties, porosity, wide chemical composition, and thermal stability. While being suitable for many applications (e.g., pozzolanic material, soil stabiliser, and structural fill), CFA is also a potential precursor for synthesising zeolites, broadly used in wastewater treatment. However, pre-processing is crucial due to the heterogeneous nature of CFA. This work focused on pre-processing CFA prior to wastewater treatment through continuous washing cycles at various operating temperatures. To this end, we studied the pH and conductivity of the solution after washing over multiple cycles, Sauter mean diameter, and the mineralogy of the settled CFA. The gathered results were analysed and optimised through response surface methodology. This was done to find the best combination of the number of washing cycles and temperature to remove soluble ions and increase the surface area of CFA particles. The analytical outcome revealed that five washing cycles at 70°C were adequate, with minimal soluble ions and maximum surface area. Evidently, these findings demonstrated significant improvements in the physical and chemical properties of CFA as a precursor for zeolite synthesis. Therefore, we recommend further studies on this front to extend the effective usage of CFA for the synthesis of commercial zeolites to be used for wastewater treatment.
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Liu, Yanping, Zhaoyang Chen, Yanwei Fan, Weizhen Ba, and Shilie Pan. "A Novel Radiation Dosimetry Based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48023.
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A new generation of Alkaline earth sulfides (MgS, CaS, and BaS) doped with rare-earth ions have been identified by the University of Montpellier as the very high sensitivity of these phosphors, the short time constant of the luminescence and the perfectly separated spectra enable many applications in real time and online dosimetry. The online detecting technology of optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) radiation dosimeter main make use of the OSL characteristics of doping the alkaline-earth metal sulphides, makes the material into the thin films for storing energy from Ionizing radiation, the excitation light through optical fibers reached the where under radiation-field, with a sensitive detection device to read out the radiation dose from storing the OSL material, obtains a novel technology of radiation dose measurement. In the previous works, the dosimeter benefits from a printed circuit board mount. Both the sensor and the electronics are exposed to radiation, the problem of the radiation induced damage is supposedly being addressed. In both cases, the use of optical fibers can provide an elegant solution. Optical fibers offer a unique capability for remote monitoring of radiation in difficult-to-access and hazardous locations. Optical fiber can be located in radiation hazardous areas and optically interrogated from a safe distance. Hence, optical fiber dosemeters are immune to electrical and radio-frequency interference that can seriously degrade the performance of remote electronic dosimeters. In this paper, a novel remote optical fiber radiation dosimeter is described. The optical fiber dosimeter takes advantage of the charge trapping materials CaS:Ce, Sm and SrS:Eu, Sm that exhibit optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The range of the dosimeter is from 0.01 to 1000Gy. The optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) radiation dosimeter technically surveys a wide dynamic measurement range and a high sensitivity. The equipment is relatively simple and small in size, and has low power consumption. This device is suitable for measuring the space radiation dose; it also can be used in high radiation dose condition and other dangerous radiation occasions.
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Sanford, N. A., K. J. Malone, and D. R. Larson. "Extended-cavity operation of glass integrated-optic lasers: mode locking, Q-switching, and wavelength tuning." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1991.the3.
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Rare-earth doping of integrated-optic devices fabricated in glass offers the simultaneous incorporation of active and passive components into a material system formerly regarded as being only passive. Previously,1 we described the operation of optically pumped channel waveguide lasers formed in Nd-doped silicate glass. In those experiments and in the present work the guides were made by k↔Na electric-field-assisted ion exchange. Other reports have appeared describing similar devices made by flame hydrolysis deposition and subsequent consolidation of Nd-doped silica soot.2 Waveguide lasers were also made by electric-field-assisted ion exchange from Ag films coated directly on Nd-doped glass.3 In this paper we demonstrate that Nd-doped integrated-optic waveguides can be used as gain elements in extended-cavity mode-locked or Q-switched lasers. Additionally, when using a grating as a feedback element, a cw extended-cavity laser was continuously tuned over 24 nm with a significantly narrowed line.
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Fouliard, Quentin, Johnathan Hernandez, Hossein Ebrahimi, Khanh Vo, Ranajay Ghosh, Seetha Raghavan, Frank Accornero, Mary McCay, Jun-Sang Park, and Jonathan Almer. "Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction to Quantify In-Situ Strain on Rare-Earth Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59649.
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Abstract The recent advancement in multifunctional thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for temperature sensing or defect monitoring has gained interest over the past decade as they have shown great potential for optimized engine operation with higher efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and maintenance costs. Specifically, sensor coatings containing luminescent ions enable materials monitoring using integrated spectral characteristics. While facilitating sensing capabilities, luminescent rare-earth dopants ideally present minimal intrusiveness for the thermal barrier coating. However, the effects of rare-earth dopant addition on thermomechanical and thermochemical properties remain unclear. Our study intends to fill this knowledge gap by characterizing coatings’ internal thermomechnical properties under realistic gas turbine engine operating temperatures. In this work, TBC configurations including industry standard coatings and sensor coatings were compared to quantify dopant intrusiveness. The TBC configurations have been characterized using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction while being heated up to gas turbine engine temperatures. The TBC samples have been subjected to a single cycle thermal load with multiple ramps and holds during XRD data collection. Depth-resolved XRD was used to obtain the 2D diffraction patterns corresponding to each depth location for the determination of strain distributions along the TBCs. Internal strains and stresses acting through the coatings were quantified mostly highlighting that there is negligible variation between the standard and novel sensor coatings. Thus, the thermal response at high temperature remains unaffected with addition of luminescent dopants. This evaluation of novel coating configurations provides valuable insight for future safe implementation of these temperature sensing coatings without performance reductions.
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Dankovic, Tatjana, Gareth Hatch, and Alan Feinerman. "Fabrication of Plastic Micro-Channels for Microfluidics Solvent Extraction." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53526.
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In this work plastic micro channel systems were investigated as a potential device for micro solvent extraction of rare earth elements. The proposed microfluidic structures are made by laser welding of three layers of inexpensive thermoplastic films which form separate paths (top and bottom channels) for each of the immiscible fluids. The middle layer is perforated in order to provide contact between two fluids and to enable the extraction process. Experiments were performed to show that two different immiscible fluids (water and 1-octanol) can flow through the fabricated device and exit at separate outlets without mixing even when those fluids get into close contact within the main channel. Experimental results for single devices show that immiscible fluids can be brought into intimate contact and then separated with compliant polymeric microfluidic devices. The transfer of a compound from one immiscible fluid to the other was verified by dye exchange between the immiscible fluids. The same fabrication method is a promising technique for fabrication of massively parallel systems with larger throughput.
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Komerath, Narayanan. "Rocket-Augmented Two Stage Runway Based Space Access Architecture." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70253.
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A runway-based space access system concept based on two stages to orbit is further refined. Routine access to Space with large payloads is essential for Space infrastructure projects such as solar power stations. The aim is to develop a reference architecture to enable cost estimation for a large reusable fleet. Prior work established that a 25000 kg payload could be delivered to low earth orbit starting with takeoff from a runway using a vehicle with the parameters of today’s large airliners. Hydrogen-fueled high-bypass turbofans provide efficient subsonic climb while oxygen is liquefied and stored. The second stage is launched at transonic speed at 18 kilometers altitude, followed by aerodynamic flight with ramjet, SCRAMjet and then rocket propulsion to orbit. A new feature is a brief rocket burn to fill the transonic ramjet performance gap, followed by ramjet-powered supersonic acceleration and climb. Beyond 60 km, SCRAMJET acceleration reaches the von Karman limit of 100km at Mach 8, beyond which rocket propulsion takes the craft to orbit. A refined initial mass estimation process allows the design to close swiftly, showing that payload capacity can be increased in future iterations with the same carrier aircraft parameters.