Academic literature on the topic 'Filler of the different nature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
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Maijan, Pattarawadee, Nitinart Saetung, and Wisut Kaewsakul. "Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers." Solid State Phenomena 266 (October 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.266.172.
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Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.
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Tonkov, D. N., M. I. Kobylyatskaya, E. S. Vasilyeva, A. V. Semencha, and V. E. Gasumyants. "Conductive properties of flexible polymer composites with different carbon-based fillers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2227, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2227/1/012022.
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Abstract This paper is devoted to the comparative study of conductive properties of three types of flexible polymer composites consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a matrix and graphite, graphene or single-walled carbon nanotubes as fillers. The dependences of the resistivity on the mass fraction of different fillers are measured and analyzed within the framework of the statistical percolation theory. The percolation parameters (the values of the percolation threshold and the critical exponent) are calculated for all studied composites. Their variation depending on the filler type is discussed, taking into account a geometric shape of filler particles and the nature of the conduction process in composites in the percolation range. The sensitivity of the resistivity of synthesized composites to axial deformation at different mass fraction of fillers is also investigated. Using graphite or graphene fillers is observed to result in a higher sensitivity compared to the carbon nanotubes filler. The highest value of the gauge factor is observed when using 23 mass.% graphene filler that indicates graphene/SBR composites to be most promising for creating strain sensors.
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Bokobza, Liliane. "ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITES BASED ON NANOSPHERICAL PARTICLES AND CARBON NANOTUBES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.86983.
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ABSTRACT The reinforcement of elastomeric materials by addition of mineral fillers represents one of the most important aspects in the field of rubber science and technology. The improvement in mechanical properties arises from hydrodynamic effects depending mainly on the amount of filler and the aspect ratio of the particles and also on polymer–filler interactions depending on the surface characteristics of the filler particles and the chemical nature of the polymer. The past few years have seen the extensive use of nanometer-scale particles of different morphologies on account of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area that allow a considerable increase in mechanical properties even at very low filler loading. Among these nanoparticles, spherical particles (such as silica or titania) generated in situ by the sol-gel process and carbon nanotubes are typical examples of materials used as a nanosize reinforcing additive. Specific features of filled elastomers are discussed through the existing literature and through results of the author's research based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) filled with spherical silica or titania particles and on styrene–butadiene rubber filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes. The reinforcing ability of each type of filler is discussed in terms of morphology, state of dispersion (investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering), and mechanical and electrical properties. In addition, the use of molecular spectroscopies provides valuable information on the polymer–filler interface. Spherical silica and titania spherical particles are shown to exhibit two distinct morphologies, two different polymer–filler interfaces that influence the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The superiority of carbon nanotubes over carbon black for mechanical reinforcement and electrical conduction is mainly attributed to their large aspect ratio rather than to strong polymer–filler interactions. The use of hybrid fillers (carbon nanotubes in addition to carbon black or silica, for example) has been shown to give promising results by promoting an enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties with regard to each single filler.
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Daud, Norlinda, and Robert A. Shanks. "Highly-filled hybrid composites prepared using centrifugal deposition." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 9 (December 1, 2014): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0160.
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Abstract Natural composites of high filler content, such as nacre, a composite comprised of 95–99% w/w aragonite layers, have been of interest due to their hardness, strength and toughness. High filler content composites have been prepared synthetically, although due to viscosity and processing requirements, the filler content was limited compared with natural systems. In this paper we describe hybrid high filler content composites prepared to be biomimetic of nacre. Development of processing conditions increased the filler content from 50% w/w using a laboratory stirrer to obtain hybrid composites with 77–86% w/w filler content, prepared by centrifugal deposition and hot compression molding techniques. Both methods were very different from natural formation from layer-by-layer (LBL) construction, however, the composites formed were of high filler content approaching the level in nature. The composites exhibited high modulus and strength, although deformation at break was low, consistent with highly filled materials. Glass transition of the resin phase was increased slightly, while damping was decreased by filler content. Surface morphology of the fractured composite showed a layered structure of well dispersed fillers with minute voids scattered evenly, indicating that the composite was effectively compacted.
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He, Yan, Hai Tao Li, and Lian Xiang Ma. "Thermal Conductivity of Nature Rubber Filled with Carbon Black." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.86.
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The thermal conductivities of two rubbers filled with different carbon black (N330 and N375) are measured by experiments, and compared with five theoretical models calculated results. It is shown that thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is obviously enhanced with increase of the volume filler fraction of carbon black and the thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is related to the microstructure and morphology of carbon black. The estimated thermal conductivities by using the model proposed in our previous paper are of the same variation as the experimental ones of N330 carbon/rubber and N375 carbon/rubber during the range of volume fraction from 2% to 20%.
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M. Nhoo, Hassanein, Raad M. Fenjan, and Ahmed A. Ayash. "STUDYING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADDITIVES ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPOXY-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, Special (September 20, 2021): 2–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.conf.2.2.10.
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The current paper deals with investigating the effect of two different fillers on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of epoxy-based composite. The filler used throughout the study are: charcoal and Pyrex, both of them are different in nature and have not been investigated thoroughly or even compared fairly in terms of their effect on polymer matrix. Further, they can be considered as a cheap filler, charcoal can be obtained from a simple pyrolysis process of plants (charcoal) and Pyrex waste can be collected easily. Both types are added to the selected matrix with volume percent ranged from 10 to 60 with increments of 10. To ensure a fair comparison, the particle size is fixed (is about 1.7 micrometer). The results showed that the epoxy thermal conductivity has enhanced by about two orders of magnitudes over the studied range of filler. In terms of mechanical properties, the charcoal improves the tensile strength about 84% at 60% volume fraction while the Pyrex effect is about 40% at the same filler level. On the contrast, the results of compressive strength do not show an appreciable improvement overall. It decreases by about 12% at 60% volume fraction of charcoal while increases about the same percent with Pyrex at the same filler level.
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Erofeev, Vladimir, Dmitriy Gubanov, Andrey Bogatov, and Alexey Bulgakov. "Frame Polymerbetons Based on Fillers of Different Nature." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.164.
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Recently, the frame composite materials have been developed greatly at the production introduction level. The manufacturing technology of these materials is carried out in two stages: first, large aggregates are glued into the frame, and second, the porous frame voids are impregnated with the matrix component. In this article, we studied the various aggregates’ effect on the polymer concrete frame structures properties using epoxy binders. The materials based on the quenched cullet, brickbats, granite and limestone crushed stone, and the polymer granules were considered as large aggregates. The studied properties were the strength and elastic modulus. Quantitative dependences of compressive and bending strength, elastic modulus of frame composites on the aggregate type and other prescription factors are obtained. Using the methods of mathematical experimental planning, the optimal particle size distribution for the composites with grains from quenched cullet was selected. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using industrial wastes in polymer concrete compositions: polymer granules, quenched cullet and brickbats. Used glass makes up about 10% of the household waste. Its reuse is usually associated with high capital costs allocated for sorting glass by color, removing stones and other impurities. Glass grinding allows to get a fine-grained filler and aggregate. Strength and deformation characteristics of the matrix compositions, frameworks and composites as a whole are determined.
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Efremov, N. Y., O. A. Oreshina, and V. D. Mushenko. "Research of Hardness of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Silicone and Aluminium Hydroxide with Various Mechanical-Chemical Processing." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.9.
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Polymer composites are one of the types of modern functional materials. This class includes many different in structure and field of application materials, including dispersed-filled polymer composites [1]. Such materials are made by mixing a polymer matrix in a fluid state with a powder filler and then curing. The properties of the resulting materials are influenced by a variety of factors, including the nature of the preliminary (prior to addition to the mixture with the polymer) mechanical-chemical processing of the filler.
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Firoozian, P., H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Md Akil Hazizan, and Ahmad Md Noor. "Influences and Properties of Various Activated Carbon and Carbon Black Filled in Epoxy Composite." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.513.
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This paper reports the investigation on the flexural properties of activated carbon filled epoxy composites. The Comparison of the properties between different sources of activated carbon, are illustrated. It has to be disposed safely or used for recovery of valuable materials as agricultural wastes like bamboo stem, coconut shell and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB). Therefore these wastes have been explored for the preparation of activated carbon and carbon black employing chemical activation by H3PO4 and physical activation, respectively. The effect of pyrolysis and chemical activation on the activated carbon filled epoxy composite properties including mechanical (flexural strength), 5 % percent of carbon filler and Scan Electron Microscope SEM micrograph were analyzed. These determined the interaction between activated carbon filled epoxy composite. This study is to compare the effect of the nature of the different types of fillers on the epoxy composites material properties. The microstructures of the farcture surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were formed during the different preparation stages.
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Blanchard, Anthony, Fabrice Gouanvé, and Eliane Espuche. "Influence of the Graphene Filler Nature on the Morphology and Properties of Melt Blended EVOH Based Nanocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203546.
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In this study, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) nanocomposites elaborated by melt blending with four different fillers were investigated. Two graphene and two graphite fillers displaying various shapes were selected. The morphology, microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the nanocomposite films prepared for 2 wt% fillers were analyzed with the aim to establish structure–function properties relationships. The nanocomposites properties significantly depended on the nature of the incorporated filler. The nanocomposite film prepared with the expanded graphite filler exhibited the highest Young modulus value (E = 1430 MPa) and the best barrier properties. Indeed, barrier properties, rarely studied at high water activities, evidenced a significant improvement with a decrease of the water vapor permeability by a factor 1.8 and of the oxygen permeabilities by a factor close to 2, for a critical water activity higher than 0.95. An increase of the thermal stability was also evidenced for this nanocomposite. It was shown that for all studied nanocomposites, the properties could be related to the dispersion state of the fillers and the simultaneous increase of the crystallinity of the matrix. A specific equation was proposed to take into account these both parameters to accurately predict the nanocomposite barrier properties.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
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Cheuk, Ming Wai. "Study of composite material filler with different surface treatment /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?msc-ap-b21174106a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2004.At head of title: City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Master of Science in materials engineering & nanotechnology dissertation. Title from title screen (viewed on Aug. 31, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Parra, John R. "An Investigation of E-glass Structure with Different Filler Material under Vibration and Bending Loading." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/116.
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Although fiberglass reinforced polyester manholes and wetwalls have been proven by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) and are currently being used in some parts of the world, there still exists a lack of investigation for testing manhole covers made with different inorganic fillers under static and dynamic behavior. The filler would not only improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite not otherwise achieved by the resin ingredients alone but also lower the overall manufacturing costs by decreasing the amount of fiber content without adversely affecting the composite’s mechanical properties. The main objective involved the development of fiberglass laminated manhole covers with different inorganic fillers and to study the static and dynamic behavior of the material by performing experimental and numerical analysis. The materials used for the composite laminated test specimens consisted of E-glass woven roving fabric, epoxy, and filler. Two types of inorganic fillers were used for this study, calcium carbonate and high-density adhesive fillers. The static/dynamic test results showed that the laminates made with fiberglass and filler experienced lower performance in tensile strength but higher improvement in flexural strength. The modal analysis results showed that laminates with less filler experienced higher modes within the specified frequency range. This was expected since the material property of filler increased the stiffness and damping behavior in the composite material.
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Björck, Hedda. "Different Conceptions of Nature in the Paris Agreement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384243.
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ABSTRACT In 2015, an Agreement was made in Paris at the 21st conference of the Parties of the UN. The purpose of the Paris Agreement was to collectively target climate change and keep the global warming under 2°C. Since then, the strength of this Agreement has been evaluated in numerous ways, optimists and pessimists present arguments for different theories and opinions. While some argue that the agreement is too weak because of its non-binding features and vagueness, others argue that the very same vagueness has opened up a new door. To contribute with a new perspective, the aim of this study is to describe and analyse different conceptions of nature in the Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the Paris Agreement by Parties who signed it. Based on previous research about different conceptions of nature, an analytical framework is built and used through a text analysis of some of the Contributions. The findings of this qualitative, descriptive case study are meant to create a deeper understanding of the Contributions made to the Paris Agreement, describing if different conceptions of nature are found and whether this affects the way the Parties aim to tackle the climate crisis.
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Берладір, Христина Володимирівна. "Антифрикційні матеріали на основі механоактивованих політетрафторетилену та наповнювачів." Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2017. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/19665.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена створенню композитів триботехнічного призначення з підвищеними експлуатаційними властивостями на основі механоактивованих ПТФЕ та наповнювачів різної хімічної природи. Запропоновано підхід підготовки матриці та наповнювачів різної хімічної природи для одержання ПТФЕ-композитів шляхом обґрунтованого вибору співвідношення інгредієнтів та технології їх модифікування. Встановлено оптимальні режими процесу механічної активації матричного ПТФЕ, волокнистих і дисперсних наповнювачів. Вивчено вплив технологічних параметрів процесу механічної активації на структуру, фізико-механічні та триботехнічні властивості ПТФЕ-композиту. З розробленого ПТФЕ-композиту виготовлені поршневі кільця і сальникові ущільнення поршневих компресорів 4ГМ 2,5 У–3,4/2,8–251, які успішно пройшли промислові випробування на ТОВ «Науково-впровадницьке підприємство СумиПластПолімер» і за експлуатаційними характеристиками не поступаються промисловим зразкам.The thesis is devoted to creation of composites of tribotechnical appointment with the increased operational properties based on mechanically activated polytetrafluoroethylene and fillers of various chemical nature. An approach of preparation of a matrix and fillers of various chemical nature for obtaining PTFE-composites by the reasonable choice of a ratio of ingredients and technology of their modifying is offered. The optimum modes of process of mechanical activation of PTFE-matrix, fibrous and disperse fillers are set. Influence of technological parameters of process of mechanical activation on structure, physical and mechanical and tribotechnical properties of the PTFE-composite is studied. It is shown that under the influence of mechanical activation the ordered spherolitic supramolecular structure of matrix PTFE is formed which is characterized micro- and the nanoscale and leads to an increase in the thermal resistance of a modified polymer on (293–353) K. It is established that mechanical activation does not result in noticeable destruction of polytetrafluoroethylene molecular chain, but there are conformational changes which consist in an increase in concentration of the valent and finite CF2 groups that can lead to enhanced physical, mechanical and service properties of the polymer. It is revealed that the main factors that determine tribotechnical and physical and mechanical properties of PTFE are the time of activation and rotating speed of working organs of a mill. It is mathematically proved the practical experimental mode of mechanical activation at which operational characteristics of matrix PTFE are maximum (n = 9000 min.-1, τ = 5 min.). In comparison with non-activated polymer the level of breaking strength has grown by 2,6 times, relative elongation - by 4,3 times, wear resistances – by 1,86 times. Different technological methods of increasing the adhesive interaction between the ingredients of PTFE-composites are investigated. The prospects of using mechanical activation not only of the matrix but also fillers of various chemical nature for improving of operational characteristics of composites are shown. The determining factor of increase in a complex of operational properties of mechanically activated PTFE-composites is forming spherolitic composite structure under the influence of active particles of disperse layered fillers which playing a role of germs of crystallization and formation on a surface of fibers and coke of the interfacial layer of PTFE which contributes to the emergence of a stable spatial cluster of a filler in volume of a matrix of composition and allows to reach the maximum reinforcing effect, thereby, raising strengthening characteristics of the material and its wear resistance. It is revealed that introduction of a binary filler increases wear resistance of the developed composites by (2,6–4,1) times in comparison with two-component composites. The greatest increase in wear resistance at preservation of high values of physical and mechanical properties of PTFE-composites is watched at synergetic effect of application of mechanical activation of a matrix, fillers, their mixing by two-stage mode and use of a binary filler of various chemical nature. The feature of the developed manufacturing technology of PTFE-composites consists in preliminary separate preparation of a matrix and fillers before their mixing by mechanical activation at various modes of the equipment therefore there is an increase in level of their breaking strength by 1,4 times and wear resistances by (3,7–6,0) times in comparison with industrial analogs that increases durability of work of frictional units of the compressor by (1,8–2,3) times. Piston rings and packing seals of piston-type compressors 4ГМ 2,5 У-3,4/2,8-251 are made of developed PTFE-material that successfully passed industrial tests at LLC «Scientific and innovative enterprise SumyPlastPolymer» and they are not worse than the industry samples. Technological process of PTFE-composite production is developed.
Диссертация посвящена созданию композитов триботехнического назначения с повышенными эксплуатационными свойствами на основе механоактивированных ПТФЭ и наполнителей различной химической природы. Предложен подход подготовки матрицы и наполнителей различной химической природы для получения ПТФЭ-композитов путем обоснованного выбора соотношения ингредиентов и технологии их модифицирования. Установлены оптимальные режимы процесса механической активации матричного ПТФЭ, волокнистых и дисперсных наполнителей. Изучено влияние технологических параметров процесса механической активации на структуру, физико-механические и триботехнические свойства ПТФЭ-композита. Из разработанного ПТФЭ-композита изготовлены поршневые кольца и сальниковые уплотнения поршневых компрессоров 4ГМ 2,5 У–3,4/2,8–251, которые успешно прошли промышленные испытания на ООО «Научно-внедренческое предприятие СумыПластПолимер» и по эксплуатационным характеристикам не уступают промышленным образцам.
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Filho, Valdinar CustÃdio. "Multiple factors, different interactions: scrutinizing the heterogeneous nature of referentiation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6377.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThis work aims to describe the integration of multiple factors for the construction of reference. We consider that referentiation is built by the social-cognitive work undertaken by individuals in order to establish objects of discourse. Thus, we argue that such action is carried out through complex strategies, which are not limited to the presence or value of nominal expressions that take part on textual surface. The fundamental theoretical background is the social-cognitive paradigm, from which we propose a new view on analysis taken by Text Linguistics researchers. On one hand, we sustain that other semiosis, besides the verbal one, once they are part of textual materiality, can accomplish the same strategies normally described with an exclusive focus on linguistic constructions. On the other hand, we suggest that observation of texts different from those usually analyzed could provide new proposals about the description of referential processes. We analyze, in this thesis, a complete short tale and four episodes of a TV series, in order to investigate how material elements, linked to context, promote the introduction and reformulation of objects built in texts. For such analysis, we elect three main assumptions: 1) the verbal content which takes part in referential processes is not limited to anaphoric relations between referential expressions; 2) image, when it is part of the text, must be considered as textual materiality to be analyzed; 3) the referent transformation is a process more discursive than formal; thus it is inherently not linear. Through the application of these principles to the analysis of our sample, we define four general steps of referentiation: presentation, addition, correction and confirmation.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a integraÃÃo de mÃltiplos fatores para a construÃÃo da referÃncia. Partindo da concepÃÃo de que a referenciaÃÃo contempla o trabalho sociocognitivo empreendido pelos sujeitos para a construÃÃo dos objetos de discurso, defendemos que tal aÃÃo à realizada por meio de estratÃgias complexas, as quais nÃo se limitam à presenÃa ou ao valor dos sintagmas nominais que fazem parte da superfÃcie textual. Como pressuposto teÃrico fundamental, elegemos o Sociocognitivismo, a partir do qual propomos um redimensionamento acerca das anÃlises efetivadas em LinguÃstica Textual. De um lado, sustentamos que os outros modos de enunciaÃÃo, alÃm do verbal, por fazerem parte da materialidade do texto, podem efetivar as mesmas estratÃgias normalmente descritas apenas com foco nas construÃÃes linguÃsticas. De outro, sugerimos que a reflexÃo sobre textos diferentes dos normalmente analisados pode fornecer novas propostas descritivas dos processos referenciais. Optamos por analisar, nesta tese, um conto completo e quatro episÃdios de um seriado de televisÃo, a fim de verificarmos como os elementos da materialidade, conjugados ao aparato contextual, promovem a apresentaÃÃo e a reformulaÃÃo dos objetos textualmente acionados. Partimos das ideias de que 1) o conteÃdo verbal que participa da aÃÃo de referir nÃo se limita Ãs relaÃÃes anafÃricas entre expressÃes referenciais; 2) a materialidade textual analisada deve considerar o modo de enunciaÃÃo visual, quando este fizer parte do texto; e 3) o processo de transformaÃÃo dos referentes à mais discursivo que formal, por isso à constitutivamente nÃo linear. A partir desses princÃpios aplicados à anÃlise de nossa amostra, definimos quatro etapas gerais do processo de um referente: apresentaÃÃo, acrÃscimo, correÃÃo e confirmaÃÃo.
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Choate, Christina Shirley. "How different styles of nature film alter our perception of wildlife." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/choate/ChoateC0512.pdf.
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Different styles of natural history film evoke distinct feelings and emotions about wild animals which viewers use as a basis for their perception of wildlife. I define three categories of nature film which reflect varying degrees of human-animal interaction, anthropomorphism and aesthetics: the testimonial, explanatory and non-verbal styles. Although each one is limited in its ability to represent wildlife accurately, it is important to realize that they all show animals from different perspectives (from most to least human-centered, respectively). Given that the majority of people today gain most of their knowledge about wildlife from natural history programs, it is critical for viewers and filmmakers to understand the impact of these films on society--as both emotional and intellectual conduits into the natural world.
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Ericsson, Emma-Helena. "Are organohalogen compounds in backwash water from swimming pool facilities treatable? : An experimental investigation of removal capacities by different filter materials." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284338.
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Organohalogen compounds are formed in swimming pool waters when natural organic matter, such as hair, urine or sweat etc., react with the used disinfectant (usually chlorine). Many of the organohalogen compounds are persistent and hazardous for human health and aquatic ecosystems. Backwash water from swimming pool facilities is often released to the sewer and contain these compounds. The connected wastewater treatment plant receives this water, where some of these compounds escapes the treatment process, into the recipient. It is therefore important to minimize the levels of organohalogen compounds in the influent water to the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, potential treatment techniques for organohalogen compounds at the swimming pool facility have been investigated. The main focus have been on an experimental column test with four filter materials applied (granular activated carbon, natural zeolites, PoloniteR and Zugol). Real backwash water was used. Furthermore, other techniques have been theoretically investigated as well. The activated carbon directly showed the most efficient removal efficiency (above 95 %), but all filter materials had a removal to a certain degree and became more efficient by time. The results further suggest that the more lipophilic organohalogen compounds are bound to particulate matter and highly affected by physical filtration. Another important conclusion is that the specific activated carbon used in the study is not suitable for the purpose, because it released very high levels of phosphorus in the beginning of the column test as well as showing some practical problems. However, other types of activated carbon exists. Next step recommended is to determine the lifetime of the filters.När människor badar i bassänger hamnar vanligtvis naturligt organiskt material i dem, såsom urin, svett, hår och hudflagor. Desinfektionsmedlet som tillsätts (oftast klor) har som syfte att avlägsna mikroorganismer, men när naturligt organiskt material hamnar i vattnet kommer också oavsiktliga reaktioner ske och halogenerade organiska föreningar bildas. Dessa föreningar kan kvantifieras via AOX måttet (adsorberbar organisk halogen), vilket är den samlade förekomsten av alla bundna organiska halogener i ett prov. AOX består således av flera hundra olika föreningar, varav vissa är mer lipofila och benämns EOX (extraherbar organisk halogen). Många av de föreningar inkluderade i AOX är bioackumulativa, persistenta och giftiga för akvatiska organismer, även i låga koncentrationer. Förutom att vara miljöfarliga för akvatiska ekosystem, kan de också vara skadliga för människans hälsa. Filtret som renar badvattnet i simhallar behöver backspolas regelbundet och backspolvattnet, som innehåller AOX, skickas vanligen till spillvattennätet. Vid avloppsreningsverket är det visat i ett tidigare examensarbete samt i andra rapporter att en del av de inkommande AOX ämnena även följer med det utgående, renade, vattnet ut i recipienten. Det är därmed av vikt att minimera ämnena redan vid källan, det vill säga på badanläggningen. I denna masteruppsats har behandlingstekniker för halogenerade organiska föreningar undersökts. Huvudfokus har varit på experimentella kolonntester för fyra filtermaterial (granulerat aktivt kol, naturliga zeoliter, PoloniteR och Zugol), men även andra tekniker har studerats teoretiskt. I testerna användes äkta backspolvatten från en simhall. Alla material reducerade AOX till viss del och visade på effektivare reducering efter hand. Det var dock tydligt att det aktiva kolet var mest effektivt och hade hög reducering redan i första mätningen, AOX-reduceringen låg på över 95 % (jämfört med det obehandlade backspolvattnet). Vad som dock var problematiskt med det aktiva kolet var att det släppte höga halter fosfor i början av kolonntestet, vilket också bekräftades med ett skaktest. Dessutom uppvisade materialet praktiska problem. Ur ett realistiskt perspektiv med dessa problem i åtanke, blir det inte hållbart i längden att använda detta specifika kol. Det finns dock många olika typer av aktivt kol, vilka förmodligen är mer lämpliga och som inte uppvisar dessa problem, och kan användas för detta ändamål. Vidare antyder det erhållna resultatet att de mer lipofila föreningarna av AOX (EOX) är bundet till partikulärt organiskt material och därmed påverkas väsentligt av mekanisk filtrering. Det är dock viktigt med en aktiv bindning. Projektet har påverkats av covid-19 pandemin med lägre antal folk på badhusen samt mindre tillgång till laboratoriet vid KTH. En föreslagen förbättring av metoden är att ha en kontinuerlig omblandning i förvaringskärlet med det obehandlade vattnet innan det tillförs kolonnerna. Vidare nämns det att modifierade zeoliter verkar lovande samt att nästa viktiga steg för projektet är att bestämma livstiden för filtermaterialen.
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彭美兒 and Mei-yee Pang. "The nature and magnitude of soil compaction in different human-modified habitats in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576520.
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Pang, Mei-yee. "The nature and magnitude of soil compaction in different human-modified habitats in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576520.
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Varvarenko, S. M., N. V. Puzko, A. S. Voronov, I. A. Dron, I. T. Tarnavchyk, N. G. Nosova, V. Ja Samaryk, and S. A. Voronov. "Colloidal and Chemical Properties of Polyesters Based on Glutamic Acid and Diols of Different Nature." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35074.
Full textAbstract:
The paper describes synthesis method and colloid-chemical properties of novel α-amino acid based polyesters
with controllable hydrophilic-lipophillic balance. Glutamic acid and diols of different nature based
polyesters were obtained via low-temperature activated polyesterefication. Such polymers are able to form
micellar structures in self-stabilized water dispersion. Solubilization of water insoluble dyes Sudan and
toluene in polymer water solution was studied. Due to micelle forming ability and prognosticated biodegradability
to non-toxic products, obtained polymers are promising materials for formation of novel dispersed
drug delivery systems.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35074
Books on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
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Dawes, Claiborne. A different drummer: Thoreau and Will's Independence Day. Carlisle, Mass: Discovery Enterprises, 1998.
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Miller, Eric J. The nature of effective self-help support in different contexts. London: Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, 1988.
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Jeeves, Malcolm A. Free to be different: Varieties of human behaviour. Grand Rapids, Mich: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1985.
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1948-, Plomin Robert, ed. Separate lives: Why siblings are so different. [New York]: Basic Books, 1990.
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The United States and Iran: Different values and attitudes toward nature ; scratches on our hearts and minds. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2010.
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Steininger, Maryam Y. Yekta. The United States and Iran: Different values and attitudes toward nature ; scratches on our hearts and minds. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2010.
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Matthew, Bacon. The compleat arbitrator: Or, The law of awards and arbitraments : containing plain and easy directions to all kinds of arbitrators, what matters are proper to be submitted to arbitration, and in what manner; the nature and different kinds of submissions, the parties to the submission, the duty and office of arbitrators and umpires; the right manner of making and delivering up awards; how awards have been construed in equity, the manner of making and enforcing the performance of awards, when the submission has been made a rule of court; the right method of setting forth and pleading awards : with precedents of submissions, awards and pleadings in all cases. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2009.
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Dalton, Heather, ed. Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550-1850. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722315.
Full textAbstract:
Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550--1850 brings together eleven original essays by an international group of scholars, each investigating how family, or the idea of family, was maintained or reinvented when husbands, wives, children, apprentices, servants or slaves separated, or faced separation, from their household. The result is a fresh and geographically wide-ranging discussion about the nature of family and its intersection with travel over three hundred years -- a period during which roles and relationships, within and between households, were increasingly affected by trade, settlement, and empire building. The imperial project may have influenced different regions in different ways at different times yet, as this collection reveals, families, especially those transcending national ties and traditional boundaries, were central to its progress. Together, these essays bring new understandings of the foundations of our interconnected world and of the people who contributed to it.
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Chaves, Rui P., and Michael T. Putnam. Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.001.0001.
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This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.
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Wyllie, Scott, and Sophie Wyllie. Different Perspective: The Nature of Being. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
1
Berladir, Kristina, and Oleksandr Gusak. "Influence of Mechanically Activated Fillers of Different Chemical Nature on Tribotechnical Properties of PTFE-Composites." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 395–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40724-7_40.
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Yan, Xi-li, Peng Li, Qing-long You, and Xi-juan Xu. "Rheological Properties of Bituminous Mastic with Different Filler Content." In RILEM Bookseries, 1611–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_204.
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Nardelli, Enrico. "The Unbearable Disembodiedness of Cognitive Machines." In Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 201–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_27.
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AbstractDigital systems make up nowadays the communication and social infrastructure and fill every parcel of space and time, affecting our lives both professionally and personally. However, these “cognitive machines” are completely detached from the human nature, whose comprehension is beyond their capabilities. It is therefore our duty to ensure their actions respect human rights and values of a democratic society. Education is one of the main tools to attain this goal, and a generalized preparation in the scientific basis of the digital technologies is a required element. Moreover, it is fundamental to understand why the digital automation has a nature completely different from the traditional industrial one and to develop an appreciation for human and social viewpoints in the development and deployment of digital systems. These are the key issues considered in this chapter.
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Cobern, William W. "The Different Worlds of Science Teachers and Their Students." In Everyday Thoughts about Nature, 75–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4171-0_9.
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Böhler, Dominik. "Reflection: Pattern Prototypes in Different Scenarios." In On the Nature of Distributed Organizing, 221–24. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06123-4_22.
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Zeidler, Eberhard. "The Challenge of Different Scales in Nature." In Quantum Field Theory I: Basics in Mathematics and Physics, 189–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34764-4_4.
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Forss, K., and K.-E. Fremer. "The Nature of Lignin: A Different View." In ACS Symposium Series, 100–116. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0742.ch002.
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Garg, Mayank, Neelam Vishwakarma, Amit L. Sharma, and Suman Singh. "Different Types and Intense Classification of 2D Materials." In Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 11–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3322-5_2.
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Mukhopadhyay, Prithviraj, and Amitava Ghosh. "Brazeability of Synthetic Diamond with Steel Substrate Using Two Different Active Filler Alloys." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 497–505. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9433-2_43.
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Turner, Scott C. "Insurance Issues: Construction Claims of a Different Nature." In Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 411–30. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414293.ch16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
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Circiumaru, Adrian, Vasile Bria, Iulian-Gabriel Birsan, Gabriel Andrei, and Dumitru Dima. "Some Properties of Stratified Composites." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25303.
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The multi-component composites could represent the cheapest solution when controllable properties are required. In order to establish the right amount of filler it is necessary to analyze not only the electro-magnetic and mechanical properties but also, the thermal ones. The filler presence in the matrix produces discontinuities at the fibre-matrix interface with consequences regarding mechanical properties. Using a single filler it is possible to improve one or two properties electrical and thermal conductivity for instance and mean time to induce a decrease of other properties as bending strength, shock resistance etc. Using polymer layers with relatively high electrical conductivity as external layers of laminate and magnetic particles filled polymer as core layers. An electric circuit might be, at the same time, the reinforcement of a composite leading to lighter structures and, based on carbon fiber’s properties might transmit information about the material’s loading, temperature or integrity. Fabric reinforced or textile composites are used in aerospace, automotive, naval and other applications. They are convenient material forms providing adequate stiffness and strength in many structures. The microstructure of composite reinforced with woven, braided, or stitched networks is significantly different from that of tape based laminates. The properties of the composite depend not only on the properties of the components but on quality and nature of the interface between the components and its properties. Reinforced composites with filled epoxy matrix were formed using a hybrid technique consisting in layer-by-layer adding of reinforcement sheets into a glass mould. Various distributions of reinforcement sheets and filled polymer layers were realized in order to point out the ways in which the final properties might be controlled. Mechanical properties were analyzed.
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Findanis, Nicholas. "Highly Transient High Speed Jet Flow From Different Orifice Geometries." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20321.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The majority of the many types of different industrial flows are not in the laminar flow regime, but rather these flows are well beyond laminar and continue to exceed the turbulent flow transition criterion for internal and free shear flows to be fully turbulent and highly unsteady involving the transfer of fluid through circular conduits or round pipes as well as other conduit geometries including the issuing of jet flows into some type of ambient environment. High speed jet flows have a wide range of applications in many areas of engineering. The understanding of jet flow theory has progressed substantially. However, there is a very little investigation into the transient nature of the high-speed jet flows and how the structure of these jet flows differs according to the geometry of the orifice out of which the jet flow emanates. The transient nature of these jet flows allows the applications into which they are installed to be optimized according to the characteristics of the jet flow and the configuration of the system. The focus of the present work is to characterize transient high speed jet flows from the differing orifice nozzle geometries and the introduction of a swirling motion into the jet flow and how this affects the characteristics of the jet flow from the reference jet flow that is free from swirling motion momentum. Another important but niche or specialised jet flow application is in reverse pulse-jet (RPJ) cleaning systems, of which is the focus application of the present work. A typical RPJ cleaning system consists of three main components: compressed air supply, valve and blowtube. The blowtube is the name given to the pipe connected to the valve and configured with a number of outlets or orifices where the flow exits into a plenum thereby entraining and inducting flow into a filter that is aligned with the orifice from which the jet flow issues. In the present work, improvements are sought from the blowtube or more specifically the exit pipe orifices for a more efficient operation of a well-designed cleaning system. The present paper will discuss and compare the flow through a number of different orifice geometries for the type flow that is typically experienced in this type of application. The operation of a single event or an actuation of the pulse-jet valve, is extremely rapid; typically approximately 300 ms. The valve is actuated and the diaphragm moves and allows the compressed air to travel from the pressure vessel or header tank through the valve past the valve seat into the blowtube and exits through plain orifices or nozzles. The extremely rapid event generates highly transient, highly turbulent free shear jet type flow from either the plain orifice or nozzle with a circular orifice geometry through which the flow exits. Advancements made by the author in subsonic flows and high-speed gas dynamic flows could provide not only improvements to the flow but further insight to the physics of high speed flows in particular around pipe exit orifices. This investigative study of the jet flow was based upon a computational analysis. It was shown that the base reference case of the jet flow that was solely a non-swirling flow although the jet flow was highly transient in nature that the centreline velocity of the jet flow had variability from the inner core to the outer extremities of the jet flow. The comparison of the base reference case with swirling jet flow will produce a longer coherent jet flow using the different orifice geometries. The stability of the jet flow was improved with the introduction of the swirling motion to the jet flow. Future developments of the transient nature of the jet flow will include experimental studies to verify the flow control methods that were used in the swirling jet flow cases.
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Findanis, Nicholas. "Highly Transient High Speed Jet Flow From Different Orifice Geometries." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-62228.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The majority of the many types of different industrial flows are not in the laminar flow regime, but rather these flows are well beyond laminar and continue to exceed the turbulent flow transition criterion for internal and free shear flows to be fully turbulent and highly unsteady involving the transfer of fluid through circular conduits or round pipes as well as other conduit geometries including the issuing of jet flows into some type of ambient environment. High speed jet flows have a wide range of applications in many areas of engineering. The understanding of jet flow theory has progressed substantially. However, there is a very little investigation into the transient nature of the high-speed jet flows and how the structure of these jet flows differs according to the geometry of the orifice out of which the jet flow emanates. The transient nature of these jet flows allows the applications into which they are installed to be optimized according to the characteristics of the jet flow and the configuration of the system. The focus of the present work is to characterize transient high speed jet flows from the differing orifice nozzle geometries and the introduction of a swirling motion into the jet flow and how this affects the characteristics of the jet flow from the reference jet flow that is free from swirling motion momentum. Another important but niche or specialised jet flow application is in reverse pulse-jet (RPJ) cleaning systems, of which is the focus application of the present work. A typical RPJ cleaning system consists of three main components: compressed air supply, valve and blowtube. The blowtube is the name given to the pipe connected to the valve and configured with a number of outlets or orifices where the flow exits into a plenum thereby entraining and inducting flow into a filter that is aligned with the orifice from which the jet flow issues. In the present work, improvements are sought from the blowtube or more specifically the exit pipe orifices for a more efficient operation of a well-designed cleaning system. The present paper will discuss and compare the flow through a number of different orifice geometries for the type flow that is typically experienced in this type of application. The operation of a single event or an actuation of the pulse-jet valve, is extremely rapid; typically approximately 300 ms. The valve is actuated and the diaphragm moves and allows the compressed air to travel from the pressure vessel or header tank through the valve past the valve seat into the blowtube and exits through plain orifices or nozzles. The extremely rapid event generates highly transient, highly turbulent free shear jet type flow from either the plain orifice or nozzle with a circular orifice geometry through which the flow exits. Advancements made by the author in subsonic flows and high-speed gas dynamic flows could provide not only improvements to the flow but further insight to the physics of high speed flows in particular around pipe exit orifices. This investigative study of the jet flow was based upon a computational analysis. It was shown that the base reference case of the jet flow that was solely a non-swirling flow although the jet flow was highly transient in nature that the centreline velocity of the jet flow had variability from the inner core to the outer extremities of the jet flow. The comparison of the base reference case with swirling jet flow will produce a longer coherent jet flow using the different orifice geometries. The stability of the jet flow was improved with the introduction of the swirling motion to the jet flow. Future developments of the transient nature of the jet flow will include experimental studies to verify the flow control methods that were used in the swirling jet flow cases.
4
Li, Dai-xi, and Xiaoming He. "Desiccation Dependent Structure and Stability of an Anhydrobiotic Nematode Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Protein." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206862.
Full textAbstract:
A number of organisms have been found to be capable of surviving severe water deficit as a result of extreme drought and cold in nature by entering a state of suspended animation (i.e., anhydrobiosis or life without water) [1]. Although the precise molecular repertoire of desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic organisms is still not fully understood, results from recent studies indicate the crucial role of stress proteins such as the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins [2]. LEA proteins have been proposed to play a variety of roles in protecting biologicals from damaging by dehydration stress such as molecular chaperone and shield, ion chelator, antioxidant, and space filler. The multifunctional capacity of LEA proteins has been attributed in part to their structural plasticity: they are unfolded and when fully hydrated and become folded during water deficit [1]. However, the structural stability of LEA protein in response to desiccation is still not fully understood. In this study, the structure alteration of a group 3 LEA protein from an anhydrobiotic nematode (AavLEA1) [2] were investigated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach to understand the structural stability at different water contents.
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Stelescu, Maria Daniela, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Adriana Stefan. "Elastomeric nanomaterials based on natural rubber for the food industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.23.
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This paper presents the obtaining and characterization of new elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber reinforced with plasticized starch, precipitated silica and layered clay, for obtaining consumer goods for the food industry. Obtaining nanocomposites was carried out by the technique of mixing and melt interleaving. The mixtures were vulcanized in the press, at high temperatures, using peroxides as vulcanizing agents, and triallyl cyanurate as vulcanizing coagent. In order to obtain products with improved characteristics, the influence of the amount of modified organic montmorillonite layered clay (OMMT) Nanomer I31PS and the adhesion promoter between mineral filler and polymer - bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl]-tetrasulfane (TEPS) on the characteristics of the mixtures, was analysed. The rheological characteristics of the samples show an increase of the minimum torque at the increase in the amount of OMMT type nanofiller and a decrease in the optimal vulcanization time by adding the adhesion promoter between the rubber and the filler. An improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the samples was observed at the introduction of both OMMT and TEPS. These changes may be due to both the nanofiller reinforcement effect and the changes in the morphology of the mixture. The samples showed a good behaviour after immersion in different environments specific to the food industry (water, ethyl alcohol, 10% glucose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and sunflower oil). SEM analyses indicate that the starch particles, together with the other ingredients of the mixture, are quasi uniform distributed in the elastomer matrix. Several superficial microcracks are observed, on the surface of the analysed material, without structural discontinuities or other defects.
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Huo, Xuan, and Ming Li. "Enhancing the Unified Features to Locate Buggy Files by Exploiting the Sequential Nature of Source Code." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/265.
Full textAbstract:
Bug reports provide an effective way for end-users to disclose potential bugs hidden in a software system, while automatically locating the potential buggy source files according to a bug report remains a great challenge in software maintenance. Many previous approaches represent bug reports and source code from lexical and structural information correlated their relevance by measuring their similarity, and recently a CNN-based model is proposed to learn the unified features for bug localization, which overcomes the difficulty in modeling natural and programming languages with different structural semantics. However, previous studies fail to capture the sequential nature of source code, which carries additional semantics beyond the lexical and structural terms and such information is vital in modeling program functionalities and behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel model LS-CNN, which enhances the unified features by exploiting the sequential nature of source code. LS-CNN combines CNN and LSTM to extract semantic features for automatically identifying potential buggy source code according to a bug report. Experimental results on widely-used software projects indicate that LS-CNN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in locating buggy files.
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Kooshki, Pantea, and Tsz-Ho Kwok. "Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Elastomer Composites." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86042.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a review on mechanical characteristics of natural fibers reinforced elastomers (both thermoplastics and thermosets). Increasing environmental concerns and reduction of petroleum resources attracts researchers attention to new green eco-friendly materials. To solve these environmental related issues, cellulosic fibers are used as reinforcement in composite materials. These days natural fibers are at the center of attention as a replacement for synthetic fibers like glass, carbon, and aramid fibers due to their low cost, satisfactory mechanical properties, high specific strength, renewable resources usage and biodegradability. The hydrophilic property of natural fibers decreases their compatibility with the elastomeric matrix during composite fabrication leading to the poor fiber-matrix adhesion. This causes low mechanical properties which is one of the disadvantages of green composites. Many researches have been done modifying fiber surface to enhance interfacial adhesion between filler particles and elastomeric matrix, as well as their dispersion in the matrix, which can significantly affect mechanical properties of the composites. Different chemical and physical treatments are applied to improve fiber/matrix interlocking.
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Wang, Yeqin, Yiting Dong, Jiguo Dai, Beibei Ren, and Qing-Chang Zhong. "Error Dynamics Design via a Repetitive Loop for UDE-Based Robust Control to Reject Periodic Disturbances." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3221.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based robust control has a two-degree-of-freedom nature through the design of the error dynamics and the design of the UDE filters. In the conventional design to handle periodic disturbances or mixed sinusoidal disturbances, high-order UDE filters incorporated with the internal model principle (IMP) or time-delay filters (TDF) are adopted to achieve the asymptotic reference tracking and the asymptotic disturbance rejection. In this paper, a new error dynamics design combined with a repetitive loop is proposed for the UDE-based robust control to achieve the asymptotic rejection of both step disturbances and periodic disturbances. The disturbance rejection performance is investigated through the two-degree-of-freedom nature, and the practical implementation of the proposed design is illustrated to eliminate the infinite bandwidth of the repetitive loop. The proposed design is validated through the simulation studies of a battery charging system with comparison to different reported designs of the conventional UDE-based robust control.
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Ghanwat, Vikas, Jivan Mule, Saurabh Telore, Vijay Bhosale, and Sudarshan Patale. "Mechanical Behavior of Natural Fiber Composite Material." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.23.
Full textAbstract:
The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites is increasing thanks to the improvements in properties that fibers can provide to the merchandise. Composites materials were prepared by compression molding technique with hand layup process. Treatment of fiber with 2% NaOH was carried out in order to improve the interfacial bonds between fiber and matrix leading to better mechanical properties of the spathe-fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Filler loading as 5% by volume of coir fiber or epoxy resin composites have been formulated. The fiber length was chosen as 5mm, 10mm & 15mm and the ratio of epoxy resin: hardener was maintained as 10:0.8. A total three plates with dimension as 300 mm х 300 mm х 4 mm were produced and specimens as per the varied ASTM standard were tested to determine the ultimate tensile strength, strain energy, flexural strength, strain energy and micro hardness value for different configuration. It was observed that the lastingness of epoxy resin/ coir fiber composites was maximum at 15mm fiber length (16.27 N/mm2). The charpy notch impact strength was also maximum at 15mm fiber length (10.87 kJ/m2). The results show good mechanical properties and hint us as a replacement for conventional materials in industrial applications.
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Su, Jiayi, Yuqin Weng, Susan C. Schneider, and Edwin E. Yaz. "Sensor and Actuator Intrusion Detection for Cyber-Physical Systems via Adaptive Estimation Algorithm." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3245.
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Abstract In this work, a new approach to detect sensor and actuator intrusion for Cyber-Physical Systems using a bank of Kalman filters is presented. The case where the unknown type of the intrusion signal is considered first, using two Kalman filters in a bank to provide the conditional state estimates, then the unknown type of intrusion signal can be detected properly via the adaptive estimation algorithm. The case where the target (either sensor or actuator) of the intrusion signal is unknown is also considered, using four Kalman filters in a bank designed to detect if the intrusion signal is about to affect healthy sensor or actuator signal. To test these methods, a DC motor speed control system subject to attack by different types of sensor and actuator signals is simulated. Simulations show that different types of sensor and actuator intrusion signals can be detected properly without the knowledge of the nature and the type of these signals.
Reports on the topic "Filler of the different nature"
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LOUKAKOS, P. A., E. STRATAKIS, G. D. TSIBIDIS, D. GRAY, M. BARBEROGLOU, and C. FOTAKIS. Abstract- Blends of Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (NR/SBR) loaded with different ratios of N220 carbon black filler were prepared. The mechanical properties of pure blends and those loaded with different ratios of carbon black were investigated. Edited by Lotfia Elnai and Ramy Mawad. Journal of Modern trends in physics research, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.19138/mtpr/(14)42-54.
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Soloviev, Volodymyr Mykolayovych, and Viktoriya Volodymyrivna Solovyova. Universal tools of modeling different nature complex systems. ФОП Однорог Т.В., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2865.
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It is shown that there is а powerful set of tools for the study of self-organization in complex systems, both natural and artificial origin. They characterize the multidimensional nature of complexity - multifractality, irreversibility, non-linearity, recurrence, nonstability, emeregence, etc., and quantitative evaluation of individual dynamical measures of complexity allows for monitoring, predicting and preventing unwanted critical or crisis. Particular attention is paid to measures of network complexity, which are fully applicable to build synergistic network of pedagogical systems.
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Christoforidou, Eirini, Antonio Bobet, Tommy Nantung, and Philippe L. Bourdeau. Use of Geosynthetics on Subgrade and on Low and Variable Fill Foundations. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317437.
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There are significant problems during construction to establish an adequate foundation for fills and/or subgrade for pavements when the natural ground has low-bearing soils. Geosynthetics such as geogrids, geotextiles, and/or geocells could provide a less time-consuming, costly alternative for establishing an adequate foundation for the fill and/or subgrade. There is extensive evidence in the literature and on DOTs practices about the suitability of using geotextiles in pavements as separators. Previous studies have also shown that the use of geogrids in flexible pavements as a reinforcing mechanism could decrease the thickness of the base layer and/or increase the life of the pavement. In this study, analyses of selected pavement designs using Pavement ME—while considering geogrid-enhanced base or subgrade resilient modulus values—showed that geogrid-reinforcement, when placed at the interface between subgrade and base, did not produce significant benefits and only a modest increase in pavement life was predicted. In addition, parametric finite element analyses were carried out to investigate the potential benefits of placing a geogrid at the base of a fill over a localized weak foundation zone. The analyses showed that the use of geogrids is beneficial only when: (a) the stiffness of the weak foundation soil is about an order of magnitude smaller than the rest of the foundation soil; and (b) the horizontal extent of the weak foundation soil is at least 30% of the base of the embankment foundation. The largest decrease in differential settlements at the surface of the fill, resulting from geogrid-reinforcement, was less than 20% and, therefore, it is unlikely that the sole use of geogrids would be sufficient to mitigate differential settlements. Based on previous studies, a geocell mattress, which is a three-dimensional geosynthetic filled with different types of materials, could act as a stiff platform at the base of an embankment and bridge over weak zones in the foundation. However, given the limited experience in Indiana on the use of geocells, further research is required to demonstrate that geocells can be effectively used in place of other reinforcement methods.
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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Jonathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirjin Lodder, and Ram Mohan. Overview : International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41945.
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The application of natural and nature‑based features (NNBF) has grown steadily over the past 20 years, supported by calls for innovation in flood risk management (FRM) and nature‑based solutions from many different perspectives and organizations. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer‑reviewed and other technical literature. A variety of guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform program‑level action and technical practice for specific types of nature‑based solutions. This effort to develop international guidelines on the use of NNBF was motivated by the need for a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, constructing, and operating NNBF.
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Dassanayake, Wajira, Chandimal Jayawardena, Iman Ardekani, and Hamid Sharifzadeh. Models Applied in Stock Market Prediction: A Literature Survey. Unitec ePress, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12019.
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Stock market prices are intrinsically dynamic, volatile, highly sensitive, nonparametric, nonlinear, and chaotic in nature, as they are influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. As such, stock market time series prediction is complex and challenging. Many researchers have been attempting to predict stock market price movements using various techniques and different methodological approaches. Recent literature confirms that hybrid models, integrating linear and non-linear functions or statistical and learning models, are better suited for training, prediction, and generalisation performance of stock market prices. The purpose of this review is to investigate different techniques applied in stock market price prediction with special emphasis on hybrid models.
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. Learning from Nature How to Design Anti-insect Selective Pesticides - Clarification of the Interacting Face between Insecticidal Toxins and their Na-channel Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697101.bard.
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Structural details on the interacting faces of toxins and sodium channels (Navs), and particularly identification of elements that confer specificity for insects, are difficult to approach and require suitable experimental systems. Therefore, natural toxins capable of differential recognition of insect and mammalian Navs are valuable leads for design of selective compounds in insect control. We have characterized several scorpion toxins that vary in preference for insect and mammalian Navs, and identified residues important for their action. However, despite many efforts worldwide, only little is known about the receptor sites of these toxins, and particularly on differences between these sites on insect and mammalian Navs. Another problem arises from the massive overuse of chemical insecticides, which increases resistance buildup among various insect pests. A possible solution to this problem is to combine different insecticidal compounds, especially those that provide synergic effects. Our recent finding that combinations of insecticidal receptor site-3 toxins (sea anemone and scorpion alpha) with scorpion beta toxins or their truncated derivatives are synergic in toxicity to insects is therefore timely and strongly supports this approach. Our ability to produce toxins and various Navs in recombinant forms, enable thorough analysis and structural manipulations of both toxins and receptors. On this basis we propose to (1) restrict by mutagenesis the activity of insecticidal scorpion -toxins and sea anemone toxins to insects, and clarify the molecular basis of their synergic toxicity with antiinsect selective -toxins; (2) identify Nav elements that interact with scorpion alpha and sea anemone toxins and those that determine toxin selectivity to insects; (3) determine toxin-channel pairwise side-chain interactions by thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis using our large collection of mutant -toxins and Nav mutants identified in aim 2; (4) clarify the mode of interaction of truncated -toxins with insect Navs, and elucidate how they enhance the activity of insecticidal site-3 toxins. This research may lead to rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health and the environment, and will establish the grounds for a new strategy in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increase insecticidal action and reduce risks of resistance buildup.
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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.
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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Thorsen, Dorte, and Roy Maconachie. Children’s Work in West African Cocoa Production: Drivers, Contestations and Critical Reflections. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.005.
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Cocoa farming in West Africa has a long history of relying on family labour, including children’s labour. Increasingly, global concern is voiced about the hazardous nature of children’s work, without considering how it contributes to their social development. Using recent research, this paper maps out the tasks undertaken by boys and girls of different ages in Ghana and how their involvement in work considered hazardous has changed. We show that actions to decrease potential harm are increasingly difficult and identify new areas of inquiry.
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Keinan, Ehud. The 18th Asian Chemical Congress and the 20th General Assembly of the FACS. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00015.
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Most global challenges, including global warming, food for everybody, the race for sustainable energy, water quality, dwindling raw materials, and health problems, are chemical problems by nature. Therefore, Humankind cannot meet these challenges without the chemical sciences and will not solve any of these problems without global cooperation. Chemists have always been doing much better than politicians in meeting these challenges, working together across borders through unique collaboration and friendship. Despite fundamentally different political systems and cultural diversity, chemists go beyond borders, find each other, share their findings, and solve problems together.