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Journal articles on the topic "Fill terrace"
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Arbogast, Alan F., and William C. Johnson. "Climatic Implications of the Late Quaternary Alluvial Record of a Small Drainage Basin in the Central Great Plains." Quaternary Research 41, no. 3 (May 1994): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1034.
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AbstractFour late-Quaternary alluvial fills and terraces are recognized in Wolf Creek basin, a small (163 km2) drainage in the Kansas River system of the central Great Plains. Two terraces were created during the late Pleistocene: the T-4 is a fill-top terrace underlain by sand and gravel fill (Fill I), and the T-3 is a strath terrace cut on the Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone. Both Fill II (early Holocene) and Fill III (late Holocene) are exposed beneath the T-2, a Holocene fill-top terrace. The T-1 complex, consisting of one cut and three fill-top terraces, is underlain by Fills III and IV. A poorly developed floodplain (T-0) has formed within the past 1000 yr. As valleys in Wolf Creek basin filled during the early Holocene, an interval of soil formation occurred about 6800 yr B.P. Early Holocene fill has been found only in the basin's upper reaches, indicating that extensive erosion during the middle Holocene removed most early-Holocene fill from the middle and lower reaches of the basin. Valley filling between 5000 and 1000 yr B.P. was interrupted by soil formation about 1800, 1500, and 1200 yr B.P. As much as 6 m of entrenchment has occurred in the past 1000 yr. Holocene events in Wolf Creek basin correlate well with those in other localities in the central Great Plains, indicating that widespread changes in climate, along with adjustments driven by complex response, influenced fluvial activity.
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Arauza, Hanna M., Alexander R. Simms, Leland C. Bement, Brian J. Carter, Travis Conley, Ammanuel Woldergauy, William C. Johnson, and Priyank Jaiswal. "Geomorphic and sedimentary responses of the Bull Creek Valley (Southern High Plains, USA) to Pleistocene and Holocene environmental change." Quaternary Research 85, no. 1 (January 2016): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.11.006.
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Fluvial geomorphology and stratigraphy often reflect past environmental and climate conditions. This study examines the response of Bull Creek, a small ephemeral creek in the Oklahoma panhandle, to environmental conditions through the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Fluvial terraces were mapped and their stratigraphy and sedimentology documented throughout the course of the main valley. Based on their elevations, terraces were broadly grouped into a late-Pleistocene fill terrace (T3) and two Holocene fill-cut terrace sets (T2 and T1). Terrace systems are marked by similar stratigraphies recording the general environmental conditions of the time. Sedimentary sequences preserved in terrace fills record the transition from a perennial fluvial system during the late glacial period and the Younger Dryas to a semiarid environment dominated by loess accumulation and punctuated by flood events during the middle to late Holocene. The highest rates of aeolian accumulation within the valley occurred during the early to middle Holocene. Our data provide significant new information regarding the late-Pleistocene and Holocene environmental history for this region, located between the well-studied Southern and Central High Plains of North America.
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Schirmer, Wolfgang. "Edifice of Fluvial Terrace Flights, Stacks and Rows." Geosciences 10, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10120501.
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The paper presents a review of the architecture and structures of river deposits in valleys. A new terminology for some features is included in this review. It presents principles of the fluvial systems with morphological river terraces and fluments (new term for terrace bodies), different stages of the morphological terraces, the texture—the arrangement—of fluments in the form of terrace flights, terrace stacks and terrace rows, and the (inner) structure of a single flument. The contact between the valley fill and the bedrock is named by the new term “pelma”. Special topics deal with flument overlaps and insight into the deepest valley fill down to the bedrock. A comparison with other terms of the fluvial inventory is annexed.
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Tofelde, Stefanie, Sara Savi, Andrew D. Wickert, Aaron Bufe, and Taylor F. Schildgen. "Alluvial channel response to environmental perturbations: fill-terrace formation and sediment-signal disruption." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 609–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-609-2019.
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Abstract. The sensitivity of fluvial systems to tectonic and climatic boundary conditions allows us to use the geomorphic and stratigraphic records as quantitative archives of past climatic and tectonic conditions. Thus, fluvial terraces that form on alluvial fans and floodplains as well as the rate of sediment export to oceanic and continental basins are commonly used to reconstruct paleoenvironments. However, we currently lack a systematic and quantitative understanding of the transient evolution of fluvial systems and their associated sediment storage and release in response to changes in base level, water input, and sediment input. Such knowledge is necessary to quantify past environmental change from terrace records or sedimentary deposits and to disentangle the multiple possible causes for terrace formation and sediment deposition. Here, we use a set of seven physical experiments to explore terrace formation and sediment export from a single, braided channel that is perturbed by changes in upstream water discharge or sediment supply, or through downstream base-level fall. Each perturbation differently affects (1) the geometry of terraces and channels, (2) the timing of terrace cutting, and (3) the transient response of sediment export from the basin. In general, an increase in water discharge leads to near-instantaneous channel incision across the entire fluvial system and consequent local terrace cutting, thus preserving the initial channel slope on terrace surfaces, and it also produces a transient increase in sediment export from the system. In contrast, a decreased upstream sediment-supply rate may result in longer lag times before terrace cutting, leading to terrace slopes that differ from the initial channel slope, and also lagged responses in sediment export. Finally, downstream base-level fall triggers the upstream propagation of a diffuse knickzone, forming terraces with upstream-decreasing ages. The slope of terraces triggered by base-level fall mimics that of the newly adjusted active channel, whereas slopes of terraces triggered by a decrease in upstream sediment discharge or an increase in upstream water discharge are steeper compared to the new equilibrium channel. By combining fill-terrace records with constraints on sediment export, we can distinguish among environmental perturbations that would otherwise remain unresolved when using just one of these records.
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Norton, K. P., F. Schlunegger, and C. Litty. "On the potential for regolith control of fluvial terrace formation in semi-arid escarpments." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-147-2016.
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Abstract. Cut–fill terraces occur throughout the western Andes, where they have been associated with pluvial episodes on the Altiplano. The mechanism relating increased rainfall to sedimentation is, however, not well understood. Here, we apply a hillslope sediment model and reported cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in terraces to examine terrace formation in semi-arid escarpment environments. We focus on the Pisco river system in western Peru in order to determine probable hillslope processes and sediment transport conditions during phases of terrace formation. Specifically, we model steady-state and transient hillslope responses to increased precipitation rates. The measured terrace distribution and sediment agree with the transient predictions, suggesting strong climatic control on the cut–fill sequences in western Peru primarily through large variations in sediment load. Our model suggests that the ultimate control for these terraces is the availability of sediment on the hillslopes, with hillslope stripping supplying large sediment loads early in wet periods. At the Pisco river, this is manifest as an approximately 4-fold increase in erosion rates during pluvial periods. We suggest that this mechanism may also control terrace occurrence other semi-arid escarpment settings.
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Norton, K. P., F. Schlunegger, and C. Litty. "On the potential for regolith control of fluvial terrace formation in semi-arid escarpments." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 3 (August 20, 2015): 715–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-3-715-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Cut-fill terraces occur throughout the western Andes where they have been associated with pluvial episodes on the Altiplano. The mechanism relating increased rainfall to sedimentation is however not well understood. Here, we apply a hillslope sediment model and reported cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in terraces to examine terrace formation in semi-arid escarpment environments. We focus on the Rio Pisco system in western Peru in order to determine probable hillslope processes and sediment transport conditions during phases of terrace formation. Specifically, we model steady state and transient hillslope responses to increased precipitation rates. The measured terrace distribution and reconstructed sediment loads measured for the Rio Pisco agree with the transient model predictions, suggesting strong climatic control on the cut-fill sequences in western Peru primarily through large variations in sediment load. Our model suggests that the ultimate control for these terraces is the availability of sediment on the hillslopes with hillslope stripping supplying large sediment loads early in wet periods. At the Rio Pisco, this is manifest as an approximately 4 × increase in erosion rates during pluvial periods. We suggest that this mechanism may also control terrace occurrence in other semi-arid escarpment settings.
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Zhang, Jia-Fu, Wei-Li Qiu, Gang Hu, and Li-Ping Zhou. "Determining the Age of Terrace Formation Using Luminescence Dating—A Case of the Yellow River Terraces in the Baode Area, China." Methods and Protocols 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3010017.
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Dating fluvial terraces has long been a challenge for geologists and geomorphologists, because terrace straths and treads are not usually directly dated. In this study, the formation ages of the Yellow River terraces in the Baode area in China were determined by dating fluvial deposits overlying bedrock straths using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques. Seven terraces (from the lowest terrace T1 to the highest terrace T7) in the study area were recognized, and they are characterized by thick fluvial terrace deposits overlaid by loess sediments. Twenty-five samples from nine terrace sections were dated to about 2–200 ka. The OSL ages (120–190 ka) of the fluvial samples from higher terraces (T3–T6) seem to be reliable based on their luminescence properties and stratigraphic consistency, but the geomorphologic and stratigraphic evidence show that these ages should be underestimated, because they are generally similar to those of the samples from the lower terrace (T2). The formation ages of the terrace straths and treads for the T1 terrace were deduced to be about 44 ka and 36 ka, respectively, based on the deposition rates of the fluvial terrace deposits, and the T2 terrace has the same strath and tread formation age of about 135 ka. The incision rate was calculated to be about 0.35 mm/ka for the past 135 ka, and the uplift rate pattern suggests that the Ordos Plateau behaves as a rigid block. Based on our previous investigations on the Yellow River terraces and the results in this study, we consider that the formation ages of terrace straths and treads calculated using deposition rates of terrace fluvial sediments can overcome problems associated with age underestimation or overestimation of strath or fill terraces based on the single age of one fluvial terrace sample. The implication is that, for accurate dating of terrace formation, terrace sections should be systematically sampled and dated.
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Sion, Brad D., Fred M. Phillips, Gary J. Axen, J. Bruce J. Harrison, David W. Love, and Matthew J. Zimmerer. "Chronology of terraces in the Rio Grande rift, Socorro basin, New Mexico: Implications for terrace formation." Geosphere 16, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 1457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02220.1.
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Abstract The Rio Grande rift hosts a remarkable record of Quaternary river incision preserved in an alluvial terrace sequence that has been studied for more than a century. However, our understanding of Rio Grande incision history in central New Mexico since the end of basin filling ca. 0.78 Ma remains hampered by poor age control. Robust correlations among Rio Grande terrace sequences in central and southern New Mexico are lacking, making it difficult to address important process-related questions about terrace formation in continental-scale river systems. We present new age controls using a combination of 40Ar/39Ar, 36Cl surface-exposure, and 14C dating techniques from alluvial deposits in the central New Mexico Socorro area to document the late Quaternary incision history of the Rio Grande. These new age controls (1) provide constraints to establish a firm foundation for Socorro basin terrace stratigraphy, (2) allow terrace correlations within the rift basin, and (3) enable testing of alternative models of terrace formation. We identified and mapped a high geomorphic surface interpreted to represent the end of basin filling in the Socorro area and five distinct, post–Santa Fe Group (ca. 0.78 Ma) alloformations and associated geomorphic surfaces using photogrammetric methods, soil characterization, and stratigraphic descriptions. Terrace deposits exhibit tread heights up to 70 m above the valley floor and are 5 to >30 m thick. Their fills generally have pebble-to-cobble bases overlain by fine-to-pebbly sand and local thin silt and clay tops. Alluvial-fan terraces and associated geomorphic surfaces grade to former valley levels defined by axial terrace treads. Carbon-14 ages from detrital charcoal above and below a buried tributary terrace tread show that the most recent aggradation event persisted until ca. 3 ka during the transition from glacial to modern climate conditions. Drill-log data show widespread valley fill ∼30 m thick that began aggrading after glacial retreat in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado (ca. 14 ka). Aggradation during this transition was likely due to hillslope destabilization, increased sediment yield, decreased runoff, and reduced stream competence. Chlorine-36 ages imply similar controls on earlier terraces that have surface ages of ca. 27–29, 64–70, and 135 ka, and suggest net incision during glacial expansions when increased runoff favored down-cutting and bedload mobilization. Our terrace chronology supports existing climate-response models of arid environments and links tributary responses to the axial Rio Grande system throughout the central Rio Grande rift. The terrace chronology also reflects a transition from modest (60 m/m.y.) to rapid (300 m/m.y.) incision between 610 and 135 ka, similar to patterns observed throughout the Rio Grande rift and the western United States in general.
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Layzell, Anthony L., and Rolfe D. Mandel. "Late Quaternary landscape evolution and bioclimatic change in the central Great Plains, USA." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 11-12 (April 10, 2020): 2553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35462.1.
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Abstract A systematic study of floodplains, terraces, and alluvial fans in the Republican River valley of south-central Nebraska provided a well-dated, detailed reconstruction of late Quaternary landscape evolution and resolved outstanding issues related to previously proposed Holocene terrace sequences. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values determined on soil organic matter from buried soils in alluvial landforms were used to reconstruct the structure of vegetation communities and provided a means to investigate the relationships between bioclimatic change and fluvial activity for the period of record. Our study serves as a model for geomorphological and geoarcheological investigations in stream valleys throughout the central Great Plains and wherever loess-derived late Quaternary alluvial fans occur, in particular. Holocene alluvial landforms in the river valley include a broad floodplain complex (T-0a, T-0b, and T-0c), a single alluvial terrace (T-1), and alluvial fans that mostly grade to the T-1 (AF-1) and T-0c (AF-0c) surfaces. Remnants of a late Pleistocene terrace (T-2), mantled by Holocene (Bignell) loess, are also preserved, and some Holocene alluvial fans (AF-2) grade to T-2 surfaces. Radiocarbon ages suggest that the T-1 fill and AF-1 fans aggraded between ca. 9000–1000 yr B.P. Hence, nearly all of the Holocene alluvium in the river valley is stored in these landforms. Sedimentation, however, was interrupted by several periods of landscape stability and soil formation. Radiocarbon ages from the upper A horizons of buried soils in the T-1 and AF-1 fills, indicating approximate burial ages, cluster at ca. 6500, 4500, 3500, and 1000 yr B.P. Also, based on the radiocarbon ages, the T-0c fill and AF-0c fans were aggrading between ca. 2000–900 yr B.P. Given that the T-0c fill and upper parts of the T-1 fill were both aggrading after ca. 2000 yr B.P., we suggest that the T-1 surface was abandoned between ca. 4500–3500 yr B.P., but subsequent aggradation of both the T-1 and T-0c fills occurred due to large-magnitude flood events during the late Holocene. The δ13C data indicate a shift from ∼40% C4 biomass at ca. 6000 to ∼85% at ca. 4500 yr B.P. We propose a scenario where (1) a reduction in C3 vegetation after 6000 yr B.P. destabilized the uplands, resulting in an increase in sediment supply and aggradation of the T-1 fill and AF-1 fans, and (2) the establishment of C4 vegetation by ca. 4500 yr B.P. stabilized the uplands, resulting in a reduction in sediment supply and subsequent incision and abandonment of the T-1 and most AF-1 surfaces. The proposed timing and nature of landscape and bioclimatic change are consistent with regional records from the central Great Plains.
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Srivastava, Pradeep, Jayant K. Tripathi, R. Islam, and Manoj K. Jaiswal. "Fashion and phases of late Pleistocene aggradation and incision in the Alaknanda River Valley, western Himalaya, India." Quaternary Research 70, no. 1 (July 2008): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.03.009.
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AbstractWe study the aggradation and incision of the Alaknanda River Valley during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The morphostratigraphy in the river valley at Deoprayag shows the active riverbed, a cut terrace, and a fill terrace. The sedimentary fabric of the fill terrace comprises four lithofacies representing 1) riverbed accretion, 2) locally derived debris fan, 3) the deposits of waning floods and 4) palaeoflood records. The sedimentation style, coupled with geochemical analysis and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating, indicate that this terrace formed in a drier climate and the river valley aggraded in two phases during 21–18 ka and 13–9 ka. During these periods, sediment supply was relatively higher. Incision began after 10 ka in response to a strengthened monsoon and aided by increase of the tectonic gradient. The cut terrace formed at ~ 5 ka during a phase of stable climate and tectonic quiescence. The palaeoflood records suggest wetter climate 200–300 yr ago when the floods originated in the upper catchment of the Higher Himalaya and in the relatively drier climate ~ 1.2 ka when locally derived sediments from the Lesser Himalaya dominated flood deposits. Maximum and minimum limits of bedrock incision rate at Deoprayag are 2.3 mm/a and 1.4 mm/a.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fill terrace"
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Hughes, Matthew William. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution and Environmental Change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.132530/.
Full textAbstract:
Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution.
Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d2z/dx2, m-1) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes.
A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6.
Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus¬-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil.
A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m3 m-1 yr-1 under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m3 m-1 yr-1 under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Hughes, Matthew W. "Late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/305.
Full textAbstract:
Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution. Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d²z/dx², m⁻¹) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes. A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6. Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil. A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Leier, Andrew. "The Cretaceous Evolution of the Lhasa Terrane, Southern Tibet." Diss., Tucson, Ariz. : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1340%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Levine, Steven Joel. "Genesis of typic paleorthids and petrocalcic paleargids on the same fan terrace in the Avra Valley near Tucson, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_414_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Psoma, Elene. "Filmland Griechenland - Terra incognita : griechische Filmgeschichte zwischen Politik, Gesellschaft und internationalen Impulsen /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991541324/04.
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Rijsdijk, Ian-Malcolm. "Seeking the other shore : myth and history in the films of Terrence Malick." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14738.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-269).Terrence Malick is a unique director in contemporary film, an enigmatic and resolutely independent filmmaker who operates successfully within the studio system of Hollywood. His unusual career - which includes a twenty-year 'sabbatical' during which he appeared to have dropped out of the industry altogether - has produced comparatively little in the way of academic research, though there has been increased activity since the release of The Thin Red Line in 1998. The title - 'Seeking the Other Shore' - provides a thematic approach to the central exploration of the thesis: myth and history in Malick's films. As I argue in the introduction, Malick's characters constantly seek new shores within historical realities, but in so doing they imagine returns to mythic spaces that are either in the past or unattainable in the present. The films themselves provoke us to reconsider particular myths and their historical context. The Introduction includes a brief synopsis of Malick's career and a critical overview of both journalistic and academic writing. A major feature of his films - their intertextuality, from poetry and novels to visual art and music - is also introduced as it plays an important part in all the subsequent chapters. With the release of The New World (2005), I argue that the two recent films should be seen not only as continuing the major themes of historical reality and mythic quest in his 1970s films (Badlands, 1973, and Days of Heaven, 1978), but also as expanding those themes to include colonial encounters with strangeness which underpin the emergence of America as a modem cultural and political entity. Chapter One sets out the historical and mythic terrain upon which all of Malick's films are built, particularly America's nineteenth-century, post-independence character, the idea that America is a nation constantly seeking to renew itself but is never able to outrun the terrors of its previous incarnation, the sins of its fathers. In the section, 'Manufacturing Myth' I use definitions by Claude Levi-Strauss and Richard Slotkin to begin the conversation between history and myth, finding that myth is constructed, laid claim to, and used continuously, and whose claims and uses are inevitably contested. Myths based in history, are, in Richard White's words, "historical creations", and it is this ideological tension between myth and history that one finds in Malick's films. History provides the context for explorations of America's mythic character, myths of innocence, renewal, ambition, and robust individualism. Chapters Two through Five examine the feature films in chronological order. Badlands is discussed in terms of its hybrid genre (drawing on the western and the road movie), before I investigate Holly and Kit's "competing fantasies"- their different views of their adventure and the land through which they travel. Days of Heaven represents a complex examination of the Turnerian myth of the frontier and its transformation at the turn of the twentieth century. Malick's use of period photography is observed as is the influence of American literary naturalism. However, a more significant discussion emerges around the art of Edward Hopper and his modernist interpretation of America coming to terms with its twentieth-century character. The analysis in this section includes Badlands, and illuminates the influence of Hopper on both early films. The Thin Red Line poses something of a problem as it appears to depart from the first two films and The New World, which follows eight years later. As a combat film, it is part of a fairly well-defined and fiercely debated genre, while it's largely male cast and multiple voiceovers differ from the single adolescent female voiceovers of Holly and Linda. However, it challenges the norms of the combat genre in significant ways, particularly in its balancing of personal experience (Malick's screenplay is a subtle adaptation of James Jones's war novels) with historical context (the viewer is alerted, as one rarely is in this genre, to the world outside of the battle). In The New World, Captain John Smith literally seeks the other shore and, like Private Witt in the previous film, encounters a division within himself. In reaffirming the mythic romance between Smith and Pocahontas, Malick opposes the ambition of Enlightenment discovery (m the turbulent heart of Smith) with the sure sense of humanity's relationship with nature (m the calm spirit of Pocahontas). Once again, the film's historical context is the bedrock for its examination of myth, though as the revelatory conclusion, shows, Malick reaches for more spiritual meaning than affirming or revising the historical record. The four feature films that constitute Malick's directorial career thus far are all concerned with fundamental American myths; however, they are also unusual interpretations these myths. Young girls narrate the stories of violent men possessed by the possibilities of a frontier that has passed while young men struggle to come to terms with the extreme violence of battle and the overwhelming strangeness of their surroundings, no matter how 'right' the cause. These are myths born out of history and rendered as cinematic revelations by Terrence Malick.
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Rybin, Steven M. "The Historical Thought of Film: Terrence Malick and Philosophical Cinema." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3375107.
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Psoma, Elene. "Filmland Griechenland - Terra incognita griechische Filmgeschichte zwischen Politik, Gesellschaft und internationalen Impulsen." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/991541324/04.
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SOUSA, João Augusto Barbosa. "Sistema computacional para análise de fluxo através das barragens de terra e rock-fill utilizando elementos finitos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 1991. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/2130.
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JOÃO AUGUSTO BARBOSA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1991..pdf: 20226382 bytes, checksum: eba1c136d21ab9224bc5d71dd5640c90 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T00:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO AUGUSTO BARBOSA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1991..pdf: 20226382 bytes, checksum: eba1c136d21ab9224bc5d71dd5640c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991-03-06
Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e apresentação de uma sistemática de cálculos que, utilizando elementos finitos e microcomputadores, permite dimensionar e posicionar fenômenos hidráulicos no interior dos sistemas, maciços, fundações e dispositivos de proteção das barragens de terra e rock-fill, quando esses se encontrarem em regime permanente e submetidos a variações de fluxo, nas fases de construção, operação e manutenção. Buscando-se atingir ao objetivo pretendido, elaborou-se um sistema de programas e arquivos que, integrados, possibilita a utilização do Programa FPM500 de modo prático. O FPM500 trata dos escoamentos nos meios porosos, confinados e não confinados, nos sistemas bidimensional e/ou tridimensional com simetria de revolução. Entretanto, apesar de flexível, para o seu emprego, era grande a quantidade de dados de entrada a serem informados, diretamente, pelos usuários e, por ser acoplado a um gerador de malhas, aumentava o número de informações, levando esse, na versão original, a ser processado somente em computadores de grande porte. Na sistemática apresentada, inicia-se com um arquivo contendo informações relativas aos blocos estruturais. Um programa acoplado a um renumerador processa essas e renumera todos os nós da malha de elementos, assim reduzindo as bandas das matrizes de fluxo e otimizando memórias em microcomputadores. Este recurso possibilita substancial ganho em velocidade, em busca das soluções dos sistemas com múltiplas equações lineares simultâneas. Os dados resultantes deste processamento permitem a confecção de malhas integradas por elementos triangulares e/ou quadrilaterais lineares, no sistema bidimensional simultâneas. Os dados resultantes deste processamento permitem a confecção de malhas integradas por elementos triangulares e/ou quadrilaterais lineares, no sistema bidimensional
This dissertation deals with the development and the presentation as well of a systematics of calculus that, by making use of finite elements and microcomputers alike, enables both to settle the dimension and the position of hydraulic phenomena in the interior of systems, massifs, foundations and protection organs for earth and rock-fill dams, when the latter are to be found at everlasting rate and suodued to flood variations in the construction, operation and maintenance phases. In the search for an intended purpose, a program and files system was carried out which, once integrated, makes feasible the utilization of Program FPM500 in a practical way. Such a program (viz., FPM500) is related to flows in porous enviroments, restrained or no restrained, in bidimensional and/or tridimensional systems with revolution symmetry. However, despite being flexible for its usage, the quantity of input data to be directly informed by users is huge and, on account of its being coupled to a network generator, it increased the number of informations so that it, at the long run, finished being processed only mainframe computers. In the presented systematics, one begins with a file encompassing informations related to structural blocks. A program coupled to a renumerator processes them and numbers again ali nodes of the elements network by so reducing the flow matrix bandwidth therefore de creasing storage requirements in the computer. Such resource enabls a substantial gain in speed in the systems with mutiple linear simultaneous equations. The data arising from that processing enable the making of integrated networks by triangular and/or four-sided linear elements in the bidimensional system. In another program, the data necessary to the studies of different hydric systems are completed. Therein the outputs of GETOP Program are resettled, the refomations dealing with the boundary conditions and with structural blocks. Such data are kept in files, appropriately shaped in a given format in order to feed Program FPM500. Program FPM500 processes ali elaborated informations as it calculates loads, pressures and flows by providing a report with informations likely to interest studies of hydraulic stability of earth and rock-fill dams. The presented methodology has the advantage to exclude the great amount of blunders committed on input data, in the usage of finite elements thrregh conventional processes. There is also the possibility of a future implementation of graphic programs for drawing element networks thrugh plotter or video. Thus, one is afforded to state that such a systematic, beyond facilitating the calculi, presents confidence and speed as it can be used in different practical equations, the aim of which is likely to be the previous knowledge of the conditions of hydraulic stability in those structures.
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Poch, i. Rodrigo Chantal. "Cineastes d’un món caigut: una interpretació de l’obra d’Andrei Tarkovski, Werner Herzog i Terrence Malick." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670314.
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Aquesta tesi és una interpretació de l’obra dels cineastes Andrei Tarkovski, Terrence Malick i Werner Herzog des de la idea de la pèrdua d’un vincle entre home i món i la possibilitat de restaurar-lo a través del cinema.This thesis is an interpretation of the work by filmmakers Andrei Tarkovski, Terrence Malick and Werner Herzog from the idea of the loss of a link between man and world and the possibility of restoring it through cinema.
Books on the topic "Fill terrace"
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1942-, Maja Daniel, ed. Les quatre fils de la terre. Paris: A. Michel jeunesse, 1997.
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Baroz, André. La fille cachée de Bayard: Jeanne Terrail, dame de Bocsozel. [S.l.]: A. Baroz, 1996.
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Pierre, Bazin, ed. Pierre-Adrien Graillon, 1807-1872, et ses fils. Dieppe: Château-Musée de Dieppe, 2002.
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Blaszczynski, Jacek S. HTAS hydrologic terrain analysis software user's manual. 2nd ed. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, Branch of GIS Services, 1993.
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GoodPlanet, ed. Human: Le livre du film. Paris: Editions de la Martinière, 2015.
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Gurshtein, Ksenya, and Simonyi, eds. Experimental Cinemas in State Socialist Eastern Europe. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982994.
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Was there experimental cinema behind the Iron Curtain? What forms did experiments with film take in state socialist Eastern Europe? Who conducted them, where, how, and why? These are the questions answered in this volume, the first of its kind in any language. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines, the book offers case studies from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, former East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and former Yugoslavia. Together, these contributions demonstrate the variety of makers, production contexts, and aesthetic approaches that shaped a surprisingly robust and diverse experimental film output in the region. The book maps out the terrain of our present-day knowledge of cinematic experimentalism in Eastern Europe, suggests directions for further research, and will be of interest to scholars of film and media, art historians, cultural historians of Eastern Europe, and anyone concerned with questions of how alternative cultures emerge and function under repressive political conditions.
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Daniel, Roberto Francisco. Befreiungstheologie im Film: Eine Analyse des Films "Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol" von Glauber Rocha. Nettetal: Steyler Verlag, 1998.
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Dominik, Siegrist, ed. Terra: Ein Schweizer Filmkonzern im Dritten Reich. Zürich: Chronos, 1991.
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Andrews, Jan. Pa's harvest: A true story. Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre, 2000.
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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Le droit canadien et international cln4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fill terrace"
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Critchley, Simon. "Calm: On Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line." In Film as Philosophy, 133–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524262_8.
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Virvidaki, Katerina. "The Inexpressible: Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line." In Testing Coherence in Narrative Film, 181–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62196-8_7.
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Rana, Jagdish, and Sanat Agrawal. "Physical Modelling of Terrain Using Different File Formats: A Review." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 311–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4018-3_29.
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Winkler, Hartmut. "Tearful reunion auf dem Terrain der Kunst? Der Film und die digitalen Bilder." In Film, Fernsehen, Video und die Künste, 297–307. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03527-1_24.
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Dadlez, E. M. "Thoughtful Films, Thoughtful Fictions: The Philosophical Terrain Between Illustrations and Thought Experiments." In The Palgrave Handbook of the Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures, 469–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19601-1_20.
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Suh, Ju Hyung, Yong Seok Lee, and Chan Gyung Park. "Terrace Formation of SrTiO3 (111) Substrates for Epitaxial Thin Film Growth with Various Etching Conditions." In Advanced Materials Research, 1203–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.1203.
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"fill terrace." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 521. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_60839.
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"fill(ing) terrace." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 521. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_60825.
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"hydraulic terrain fill(ing)." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 700. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_81870.
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"Philosophy Encounters Film: The Thin Red Line." In Terrence Malick. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350063662.ch-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fill terrace"
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Moore, Henry Emerson, Jennifer L. Pierce, and Scott Ducar. "RECORDS OF ANTHROPOGENIC LAND USE PRESERVED IN FILL TERRACE STRATIGRAPHY OF LOWER DRY CREEK, IDAHO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340151.
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Лещенко, С., S. Leschenko, А. Катлине Коблев, and A. Katline Koblev. "ANALYSIS OF BANK PROTECTION MEASURES CANYON IN THE COAST OF NEW IMERETI VALLEY IN THE ADLER DISTRICT OF SOCHI." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3d0199488.77738502.
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The Imeretinsky lowland – the central fragment of a large Black Sea terrace of the Caucasian coast of Russia, is located in interfluve the rivers Mzymty and Psou. In its central and western part large sports complexes of the winter Olympic Games "Sochi-2014" and the Olympic village are under construction. It has led to necessity of engineering protection of coast from the constructed port Imeretinsky to east board of cape of Konstantinovsky.
In the report the site located from the Southern pier of port to the western board of cape of Konstantinovsky is considered. On a site the underwater canyon Novuy is located. To provide stability of a shore, the project of coastal protection now is realized. This project provides building in a surface part of a beach ferroconcrete grille on piles and a slope from concrete cubes. Before should be fill an artificial pebble beach in width not less than 50 m.
As has shown inspection of coastal protection constructions, rates a beach lag behind rates of its washout. The width of a surface beach makes now no more than 13 m. For scoping executed embankments sandy a material comparison bathymetric shootings before port building (2007) has been made and April, 2012. By comparison is established that slept pebble the material is at the bottom and doesn't move waves on coast.
Thus, massed filling the pebble material, coasts of Imeretinsky lowland spent recently on a considered site, haven't led to formation of a steady surface beach in design width of 50 m.
On this site, and also on a site around Konstantinovsky's canyon updating of design decisions is required.
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Zhang, Bo, Toshifumi Mawatari, and Akira Nakajima. "Slider Air Bearing Design in Consideration of the Pumping Effect." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61033.
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The pumping effect proposed by the authors is used to analyze the contamination of the air bearing in hard disk drive. Three different types of air bearing surface are considered in the focus on the accumulation of the contamination at the rear pad where the minimum spacing is located. It is found that the contamination tends to accumulate at both the front and the rear ends of the air bearing surface pad where the shear stress of air film is interrupted due to due to the dramatic change in the spacing. The accumulation at the tailing edge of the air bearing is the most detrimental. The thickness of adsorbed film at the tailing edge increases suddenly when the terrace length at the tailing edge exceeds a critical value, which is in between 15 μm and 35 μm in this article.
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Zukić, Miranda. "LANDSLIDE „MAKLJENOVAC“ RECOVERY – MUNICIPALITY DOBOJ." In GEO-EXPO 2020. DRUŠTVO ZA GEOTEHNIKU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/geo-expo_2020_12.
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The main topic of this thesis is researching of appearance, causes and genesis of landslide Makljenovac, located in place named Makljenovac, municipality Doboj and remediation methods used against resulting problem. Heavy rainfall led to the leaching of the slope surface, constantly dragging excess of material caused shifting terrain with intense deformations, the process of landslide is accelerated with disadvantageous inclination of terrain which is 22°, and the existence of surface water. Despite numerous methods for prevention and remediation of lanslide, known in building industry, during of remediation in this case the best solution is to remove sodden material from the foot of the landslide, then make drainage system and replace weak material with rocky material, set the load and prefabricated ditch made of concrete, fill in gaps and unevenness on the slope.
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Bagci, Suat, and Adel Al-Shareef. "An Investigation of Slug Flow in Hilly Terrain Pipelines." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17063.
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Abstract Two-phase flow in hilly terrain pipelines can cause significant practical operating problems. When slugs flow in a hilly terrain pipeline that contains sections of different inclinations they undergo a change of length and slug flow characteristics as the slug move from section to section. In addition, slugs can be generated at low elbows, dissipate at top elbows and shrink or grow in length as they travel along the pipe. A mathematical model and a computer program was developed to simulate these phenomena. The model was based on the sink/source concept at the pipeline connections. A connection between two pipeline sections of different slopes was conveniently called elbow. An elbow accumulates liquid as a sink, and releases liquid as a source. The sink/source has a characteristic capacity of its own. This capacity is positive if the liquid can indeed be accumulated at the elbow or negative if the liquid is actually drained away from the elbow. This type of treatment effectively isolates the flow upstream from an elbow from that downstream, while still allowing flow interactions between two detailed pipeline sections. The hydrodynamic flow model was also used to calculate the film liquid holdup in horizontal and inclined pipelines. The model can successfully predict the liquid film holdup if the liquid film height is assumed to be uniform through the gas pocket. Many other models were used to calculate all the needed parameters to perform the sink/source model. The overall effect of a hill or terrain on slug flow depends on the operating flow rates and pipeline configurations. For special case of near constant slug frequency corresponding to moderately high superficial liquid and gas velocities, this effect was found to be small. The changes in the film characteristics between two adjacent pipeline sections were found to be mostly responsible for the pseudo-slug generation, slug growth and dissipation in the downstream pipeline sections. The film liquid holdup decreased with increasing pipe diameter. The unit slug length increased at the upstream inclined pipes and decreased at the downstream inclined pipes with increasing pipe diameter. The possibility of pseudo-slug generation was increased at large pipe diameters even at high sink capacities. At low sink capacities, no pseudo-slugs were generated at high superficial velocities. The slug flow characteristics was more effected by low superficial gas and liquid velocities, large pipe diameters and shallow pipeline inclinations.
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Vaníček, Ivan, and Martin Vaníček. "Experiences from the High Geotextile Reinforced Retaining Wall – Case Study." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.039.
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Paper describes experiences obtained during the construction of high soil reinforced retaining wall. Such walls are now used during the foundation of large logistic and distribution centres on inclined terrain. First problems appeared roughly 2 years after the wall construction, when wide tensile cracks on the fill surface were observed behind the zone of reinforcement. First step of problem evaluation showed that this crack is connected to wall overturning. Therefore the reconstruction was recommended, upper part was removed and constructed under new evaluation of all relevant limit states and design situations. Phase of reconstruction was monitored and was used as an approval of the safe design. Experiences obtained during all described phases create an important know-how for next similar applications.
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Zhang, Hong-Quan, Eissa M. Al-Safran, Subash S. Jayawardena, Clifford L. Redus, and James P. Brill. "Modeling of Slug Dissipation and Generation in a Hilly-Terrain Pipeline." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17064.
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Abstract Hilly-terrain pipelines consist of interconnected horizontal, uphill and downhill sections. Slug flow experiences a transition from one state to another as the pipe inclination angle changes. Normally, slugs dissipate if the upward inclination becomes smaller or the downward inclination becomes larger, and slug generation occurs vice versa. Appropriate prediction of the slug characteristics is crucial for the design of pipeline and downstream facilities. In this study, slug dissipation and generation in a valley pipeline configuration (horizontal-downhill-uphill-horizontal) were modeled by use of the method proposed by Zhang et al. [1]. The method was developed from the unsteady continuity and momentum equations for slug flow by considering the entire film zone as the control volume. Computed results are compared with experimental measurements at different gas-liquid flow rate combinations. Good agreement is observed for the change of slug body length to slug unit length ratio.
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Anuar, Nor Hafizah, Musfika Gul Akdeniz, and Nazende Yilmaz. "Evolution of A Type; A Case Study of Station Buildings in West Coastline, Malaysia During the British Era (1885-1957)." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021170n7.
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The British intervention in Malaya resulted in the development of the railways as urgency of the expanding tin and rubber industries. This paper attempted to emphasize on the evolution of the station buildings’ plan types and its train-sheds. Railways were the pioneers of modern transportation introduced by the British in 1885 in Malaya. Although the terrain was the main difficulties in railway developments, they managed to connect the lines through West Coast and East Coast lines until Singapore on the southern part and Bangkok on the northern part in the year 1931. Case studies have been conducted and the analysis on plan type evolution will be made between the station buildings in Malaysia in parallel with station buildings around the world during that time. Together with the growth of the railway, the city blooms where it allows road constructions and buildings with different functions such as administrative buildings, railway station buildings and others started to fill major urban places.
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Fernando, Upul S., Andrew Roberts, and George Karabelas. "Effect of Epoxy Filling in End Fitting on the Integrity of Flexible Pipes: With Reference to Suncor Terra Nova Flowlines." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41330.
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Two flowlines installed in the Suncor Terra Nova riser replacement programme were found to leak during leak tests performed after site installation. No hydrocarbon loss was suffered nor was there any pollution incident; however the scheduled production start-up for the pipes was delayed. Investigations confirmed that the leaks in both pipes occurred due to a crack in the polymer (PVDF) barrier within the end fitting region of the pipe. It was also concluded that the crack in the barrier in these pipes occurred either during the transportation or installation of the pipes in the field due to thermo-mechanical loading on the pipe during this period. Both failures were found to have initiated from a void in the epoxy which was used to fill small clearances within the end fitting. This paper describes the finite element stress/stain analyses performed to investigate the effects on the PVDF barrier and epoxy within the end fitting due to the thermal and mechanical loading encountered during pipe installation. A multi-scale modelling approach has been used where a full pipe with detailed end fitting components was modelled in a coarse mesh model whilst the stress-strain behaviour near epoxy void was analysed using a macroscopic sub-model. A brief description of the models and the results are presented. The analyses involved predicting the barrier deformation response at the failure location under the anticipated thermo-mechanical loading exerted on the pipe. The results have shown that the failure occurred due to the presence of the void in the epoxy at a critical location; cooling of the pipe during its transportation was considered to have created the thermo-mechanical loading to drive the crack from the epoxy into the PVDF. It was concluded that the failure in the pipes would not have occurred if either the void was not present in that critical region in the epoxy, or if it had not been subjected to the thermo-mechanical loading. A design change removing the filling of epoxy in the end fitting process is being implemented to prevent this failure in the future.
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Smith, I. Rod. "Data Mining Seismic Shothole Drillers’ Log Records: Regional Baseline Geoscience Information in Support of Pipeline Proposal Design, Assessment, and Development." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64524.
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Assessment and development of pipeline projects in northern Canada, such as the proposed Mackenzie Valley gas pipeline (MGP), are hampered by a lack of baseline terrain geoscience information including drift thickness, sediment type, presence of massive ground ice, and the availability of granular aggregate resources. Clearly there is a need by Industry, Regulators, Aboriginal groups, and others, to understand the nature and character of near-surface earth materials, in order that pipeline proposals can be properly developed, evaluated, and when approved, proceed with the greatest degree of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. While numerous field-based reports and surficial geology maps have been prepared for the MGP, there are long stretches along the proposed route for which little near-surface geoscience information is available. This is even more apt for areas outside the defined MGP corridor, where the likelihood of tie-in and gathering pipeline systems exist. Drillers’ logs, recorded during auger drilling of seismic shotholes, represent a virtually untapped resource of regional baseline geoscience information. The Geological Survey of Canada recently produced a digital archive of 76,000 shothole records from the Northwest Territories and Yukon, which had originally been collected on file cards in response to the 1970’s MGP proposal. Released in 2007 as a freely downloadable Open File report (#5465), the archive provides users with an Access database of drillers’ logs and derivative GIS maps in which shapefiles of drift isopach thickness, potential granular aggregate resources, geohazards, permafrost and ground ice occurrences, and muskeg thickness can be opened, viewed, and queried, or otherwise incorporated into GIS platforms of the user’s choice. Realizing the amount of additional archival shothole information held by Industry, and the great utility of bringing this forth in a public database and derivative GIS, a subsequent project has focused on capturing and integrating additional data. Receiving near-universal support by the Petroleum Industry, a Version 2 of the database and GIS is currently being assembled, and is scheduled for release in 2009 with some quarter million individual shothole drillers’ records. This presentation highlights the nature, character and distribution of shothole drillers’ logs in northern Canada. It also reviews the derived GIS layers, and how this baseline geoscience information can be beneficially utilized by the Pipeline and related infrastructure development industries, particularly as it may apply to focusing future field studies. It also serves as a key reference tool for those assessing pipeline development proposals.
Reports on the topic "Fill terrace"
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Dickson, M. L., N. K. Bleuer, S. E. Brown, J. Olejnik, and R. Rupp. An example of IGS glacial-terrain mapping: exploration of deep Quaternary valley-fill sequences in central Indiana. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221882.
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