Relevant bibliographies by topics / Filament manufacturing

Academic literature on the topic 'Filament manufacturing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

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Dey, Arup, Isnala Nanjin Roan Eagle, and Nita Yodo. "A Review on Filament Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030069.

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry products. The FFF filament materials have a significant role in determining the properties of the final part produced, such as mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. This article intensively reviews the state-of-the-art materials for FFF filaments. To date, there are many different types of FFF filament materials that have been developed. The filament materials range from pure thermoplastics to composites, bioplastics, and composites of bioplastics. Different types of reinforcements such as particles, fibers, and nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite filaments to improve the FFF build part properties. The performance, limitations, and opportunities of a specific type of FFF filament will be discussed. Additionally, the challenges and requirements for filament production from different materials will be evaluated. In addition, to provide a concise review of fundamental knowledge about the FFF filament, this article will also highlight potential research directions to stimulate future filament development. Finally, the importance and scopes of using bioplastics and their composites for developing eco-friendly filaments will be introduced.
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Sasse, Jana, Lukas Pelzer, Malte Schön, Tala Ghaddar, and Christian Hopmann. "Investigation of Recycled and Coextruded PLA Filament for Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122407.

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Polylactide acid (PLA) is one of the most used plastics in extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM). Although it is bio-based and in theory biodegradable, its recyclability for fused filament fabrication (FFF) is limited due to material degradation. To better understand the material’s recyclability, blends with different contents of recycled PLA (rPLA) are investigated alongside a coextruded filament comprised of a core layer with high rPLA content and a skin layer from virgin PLA. The goal was to determine whether this coextrusion approach is more efficient than blending rPLA with virgin PLA. Different filaments were extruded and subsequently used to manufacture samples using FFF. While the strength of the individual strands did not decrease significantly, layer adhesion decreased by up to 67%. The coextruded filament was found to be more brittle than its monoextruded counterparts. Additionally, no continuous weld line could be formed between the layers of coextruded material, leading to a decreased tensile strength. However, the coextruded filament proved to be able to save on master batch and colorants, as the outer layer of the filament has the most impact on the part’s coloring. Therefore, switching to a coextruded filament could provide economical savings on master batch material.
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Suharjanto, G., and J. P. Adi. "Design and manufacture of polylacticacid (PLA) filament storage for 3-dimensional printing with composite material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 998, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/998/1/012028.

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Abstract 3-dimensional printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) method using polylacticacid (PLA) filaments. However, PLA filaments still have limitations such as the hygroscopic properties of the material. This type of filament easily absorbs air from air humidity, so it will have an impact on the chemical damage of PLA. In this research, a composite file storage area will be designed. The method of making this file storage area will use a composite material Medium Density Board (MDF) with a simple manufacturing method. The filament storage area is expected to prevent and reduce air absorption and the lifespan of filaments in PLA filaments, thus helping users of 3-dimensional printing produce better results.
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Schneevogt, Helge, Kevin Stelzner, Buket Yilmaz, Bilen Emek Abali, André Klunker, and Christina Völlmecke. "Sustainability in additive manufacturing: Exploring the mechanical potential of recycled PET filaments." Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (January 1, 2021): 263498332110000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833211000063.

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Herein, the effects of recycled polymers on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured specimens, specifically those derived by fused deposition modelling, are determined. The intention is to investigate how 3D-printing can be more sustainable and how recycled polymers compare against conventional ones. Initially, sustainability is discussed in general and more sustainable materials such as recycled filaments and biodegradable filaments are introduced. Subsequently, a comparison of the recycled filament recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (rePET) and a conventional Polyethylene terephthalate with glycol (PETG) filament is drawn upon their mechanical performance under tension, and the geometry and slicing strategy for the 3D-printed specimens is discussed. Finally, the outcomes from the experiments are compared against numerically determined results and conclusions are drawn.
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Gao, Yi Qiang. "Structure and Properties of Double-Filament Tri-Component Combined Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.101.

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Manufacturing process of combined yarn with different filament size and cotton roving has been discussed. It shows that filament feeding point has some effect on combined yarn structure and yarn properties. If the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, they usually wrap the strand in parallel. If the filaments are fed from the same side of the strand, they wrap the strand crossed more often. Filament feeding point has an effect on yarn hairiness while it affects yarn breaking strength, yarn breaking elongation and abrasion resistance slightly. Yarn property weight is determined by subjective empowerment and Borda method is used to analyze yarn property. It has proved that if the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, the filament-roving space is set at 4mm respectively; the combined yarn shows the best.
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Santos, Cyril, Daniel Gatões, Fábio Cerejo, and Maria Teresa Vieira. "Influence of Metallic Powder Characteristics on Extruded Feedstock Performance for Indirect Additive Manufacturing." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237136.

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Material extrusion (MEX) of metallic powder-based filaments has shown great potential as an additive manufacturing (AM) technology. MEX provides an easy solution as an alternative to direct additive manufacturing technologies (e.g., Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Direct Energy Deposition) for problematic metallic powders such as copper, essential due to its reflectivity and thermal conductivity. MEX, an indirect AM technology, consists of five steps—optimisation of mixing of metal powder, binder, and additives (feedstock); filament production; shaping from strands; debinding; sintering. The great challenge in MEX is, undoubtedly, filament manufacturing for optimal green density, and consequently the best sintered properties. The filament, to be extrudable, must accomplish at optimal powder volume concentration (CPVC) with good rheological performance, flexibility, and stiffness. In this study, a feedstock composition (similar binder, additives, and CPVC; 61 vol. %) of copper powder with three different particle powder characteristics was selected in order to highlight their role in the final product. The quality of the filaments, strands, and 3D objects was analysed by micro-CT, highlighting the influence of the different powder characteristics on the homogeneity and defects of the greens; sintered quality was also analysed regarding microstructure and hardness. The filament based on particles powder with D50 close to 11 µm, and straight distribution of particles size showed the best homogeneity and the lowest defects.
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Peterson, Gregory I., Mete Yurtoglu, Michael B. Larsen, Stephen L. Craig, Mark A. Ganter, Duane W. Storti, and Andrew J. Boydston. "Additive manufacturing of mechanochromic polycaprolactone on entry-level systems." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0115.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore and demonstrate the ability to integrate entry-level additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with responsive polymers capable of mechanical to chemical energy transduction. This integration signifies the merger of AM and smart materials. Design/methodology/approach – Custom filaments were synthesized comprising covalently incorporated spiropyran moieties. The mechanical activation and chemical response of the spiropyran-containing filaments were demonstrated in materials that were produced via fused filament fabrication techniques. Findings – Custom filaments were successfully produced and printed with complete preservation of the mechanochemical reactivity of the spiropyran units. These smart materials were demonstrated in two key constructs: a center-cracked test specimen and a mechanochromic force sensor. The mechanochromic nature of the filament enables (semi)quantitative assessment of peak loads based on color change, without requiring any external analytical techniques. Originality/value – This paper describes the first examples of three-dimensional-printed mechanophores, which may be of significant interest to the AM community. The ability to control the chemical response to external mechanical forces, in combination with AM to process the bulk materials, potentiates customizability at the molecular and macroscopic length scales.
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Antoniac, Iulian, Diana Popescu, Aurelian Zapciu, Aurora Antoniac, Florin Miculescu, and Horatiu Moldovan. "Magnesium Filled Polylactic Acid (PLA) Material for Filament Based 3D Printing." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050719.

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The main objective of this research is to prove the viability of obtaining magnesium (Mg) filled polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites as filament feedstock for material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM). These materials can be used for medical applications, thus benefiting of all the advantages offered by AM technology in terms of design freedom and product customization. Filaments were produced from two PLA + magnesium + vitamin E (α-tocopherol) compositions and then used for manufacturing test samples and ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) screws on a low-cost 3D printer. Filaments and implant screws were characterized using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectrometry), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. Although the filament manufacturing process could not ensure a uniform distribution of Mg particles within the PLA matrix, a good integration was noticed, probably due to the use of vitamin E as a precursor. The results also show that the composite biomaterials can ensure and maintain implant screws structural integrity during the additive manufacturing process.
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Legett, Shelbie A., John R. Stockdale, Xavier Torres, Chris M. Yeager, Adam Pacheco, and Andrea Labouriau. "Functional Filaments: Creating and Degrading pH-Indicating PLA Filaments for 3D Printing." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020436.

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With the rapid pace of advancements in additive manufacturing and techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), the feedstocks used in these techniques should advance as well. While available filaments can be used to print highly customizable parts, the creation of the end part is often the only function of a given feedstock. In this study, novel FFF filaments with inherent environmental sensing functionalities were created by melt-blending poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and pH indicator powders (bromothymol blue, phenolphthalein, and thymol blue). The new PLA-PEG-indicator filaments were universally more crystalline than the PLA-only filaments (33–41% vs. 19% crystallinity), but changes in thermal stability and mechanical characteristics depended upon the indicator used; filaments containing bromothymol blue and thymol blue were more thermally stable, had higher tensile strength, and were less ductile than PLA-only filaments, while filaments containing phenolphthalein were less thermally stable, had lower tensile strength, and were more ductile. When the indicator-filled filaments were exposed to acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, all filaments functioned as effective pH sensors, though the bromothymol blue-containing filament was only successful as a base indicator. The biodegradability of the new filaments was evaluated by characterizing filament samples after aging in soil and soil slurry mixtures; the amount of physical deterioration and changes in filament crystallinity suggested that the bromothymol blue filament degraded faster than PLA-only filaments, while the phenolphthalein and thymol blue filaments saw decreases in degradation rates.
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Schreil, Daniela, Georgi Zhilev, Alexander Matschinski, and Klaus Drechsler. "Development of a Test Bench for the Investigation of Thermoplastic-Thermoset Material Combinations in Additive Manufacturing." Materials Science Forum 1067 (August 10, 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3nvb83.

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To enhance the mechanical properties of fused filament fabricated parts, the process integrates continuous fibers. Currently, fibers are impregnated either with thermoplastics or with thermoset material, which is completely cured before printing and later combined with thermoplastic filament during the coextrusion process. A major problem about using cured thermoset matrix for the fibers is an insufficient bond between the fiber matrix and the thermoplastic material. A new approach proposed by the authors combine uncured thermoset matrices with thermoplastic filaments to form a substance-to-substance bond. To investigate the material and bonding behavior, a test bench is constructed. Its main purpose is to replicate the coextrusion of thermoplastic filament and thermoset impregnated continuous fibers. Parameters, such as temperature, tension and extrusion speed can be adjusted within the setup to accurately simulate the additive manufacturing process. Aluminum blocks including heater cartridges and thermocouples act as hot ends and impregnation units. Heated blocks compact the fiber strands. We tested different heating blocks containing flat and curved geometries including actual additive manufacturing nozzles to evaluate the impregnation behavior of the dry carbon fiber filaments. Approaches with additive manufacturing nozzles show the most promising results regarding fiber impregnation with thermoplastic material.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

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Vijayakumar, Dineshwaran. "Manufacturing Carbon Nanotube Yarn Reinforced Composite Parts by 3D Printing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1481031494735314.

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Kwan, Isabella. "Cellulose and polypropylene filament for 3D printing." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195829.

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Additive manufacturing has become a very popular and well mentioned technique in recent years. The technique, where 3 dimensional (3D) printing is included, creates opportunities to develop new designs and processing systems. As a research institute within the forest based processes and products, Innventia AB has an idea of combining 3D printing with cellulose. The addition of cellulose will increase the proportion of renewable raw material contributing to more sustainable products. However, when cellulose is added the composition of the filaments changes. The main aim for the project is to devise methodologies to improve properties of composite filaments used for 3D printing. Filament in 3D printing refers to a thread-like object made of different materials, such as PLA and ABS, that is used for printing processes. A literature study was combined with an extensive experimental study including extrusion, 3D printing and a new technique that was tested including 3D scanning for comparing the printed models with each other. The extruding material consisted of polypropylene and cellulose at different ratios, and filaments were produced for 3D printing. The important parameters for extruding the material in question was recorded. Because the commingled material (PPC) was in limited amount, UPM Formi granulates, consisting of the same substances, was used first in both the extrusion and printing process. Pure polypropylene filaments were also created in order to strengthen the fact that polypropylene is dimensional unstable and by the addition of cellulose, the dimensional instability will decrease. After producing filaments, simple 3D models were designed and printed using a 3D printing machine from Ultimaker. Before starting to print, the 3D model needed to be translated into layer-by-layer data with a software named Cura. Many parameters were vital during printing with pure polypropylene, UPM and PPC. These parameters were varied during the attempts and marked down for later studies. With the new technique, in which 3D scanning was included, the 3D printed models were compared with the original model in Cura in order to overlook the deformation and shape difference. The 3D scanner used was from Matter and Form. Photographs of the printed models, results from the 3D scanner, and screenshots on the model in Cura were meshed together, in different angles, using a free application named PicsArt. The result and conclusion obtained from all three parts of the experimental study was that polypropylene’s dimensional stability was improved after the addition of cellulose, and the 3D printed models’ deformation greatly decreased. However, the brittleness increased with the increased ratio of cellulose in the filaments and 3D models.
Additiv tillverkning har på den senare tiden blivit en mycket populär och omtalad teknik. Tekniken, där tredimensionell (3D) utskrivning ingår, ger möjligheter att skapa ny design och framställningstekniker. Som ett forskningsinstitut inom massa- och pappersindustrin har Innventia AB en ny idé om att kombinera 3D-utskrivning med cellulosa. Detta för att höja andelen förnybar råvara som leder till mer hållbara produkter. Dock kommer filamentens sammansättning vid tillsättning av cellulosa att ändras. Det främsta syftet med detta projekt är att hitta metoder för att förbättra egenskaperna hos de kompositfilament som används för 3D-utskrifter. Filament inom 3D-utskrivning är det trådlika objektet gjort av olika material, såsom PLA och ABS, som används vid utskrivningsprocessen. En enkel litteraturstudie kombinerades med en experimentell studie. Det experimentella arbetet var i fokus i detta projekt som omfattade extrudering, 3D-utskrivning samt en ny teknik som prövades, där 3D-scanning ingick, för att jämföra de utskrivna modellerna med varandra. Extruderingsmaterialet bestod av polypropen och cellulosa av olika halter, och av detta material tillverkades filament för 3D-utskrivning. De viktiga parametrarna för extrudering med det önskade materialet antecknades. Eftersom mängden cominglat material (PPC) var begränsat, användes först UPM Formi granuler, som består av samma substanser som i PPC, i både extruderingen och utskrivningen. Filament av ren polypropen tillverkades också för att stärka det faktum att polypropen är dimensionellt instabil. Genom att tillsätta cellulosa minskades dimensionsinstabiliteten. Efter att filamenten hade tillverkats, designades enkla 3D-modeller för utskrivning med en 3D-utskrivare från Ultimaker. Innan utskrivningen kunde börja behövde 3D-modellen bli översatt till lager-på-lager-data med hjälp av en programvara vid namn Cura. Många parametrar är viktiga vid utskrivning med ren polypropen, UPM samt PPC. Temperatur och hastighet varierades för de olika försöken och antecknades för senare studier.Med den nya tekniken, där 3D-scanning ingår, jämfördes de utskrivna 3D-modellerna med originalmodellen i Cura för att se över deformationen och formskillnaden. Den 3D-scanner som användes kom från Matter and Form. Fotografier på de utskrivna modellerna, resultaten från 3D-scannern och bilder på modellerna i Cura sammanfogades i olika vinklar med hjälp av ett gratisprogram som heter PicsArt. Det resultat som erhölls och den slutsats som kunde dras utifrån alla tre delarna av den experimentella studien var att polypropens dimensionsinstabilitet minskades efter tillsatsen av cellulosa, och att de 3D-utskrivna modellernas deformation minskade kraftigt. Skörheten ökade ju högre halt cellulosa som filamenten och de utskrivna modellerna innehöll.
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Hayagrivan, Vishal. "Additive manufacturing : Optimization of process parameters for fused filament fabrication." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238184.

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An obstacle to the wide spread use of additive manufacturing (AM) is the difficulty in estimating the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the manufactured part. The complex relationship between the geometry, parameters and mechanical properties makes it impractical to derive an analytical relationship and calls for the use of a numerical model. An approach to formulate a numerical model in developed in this thesis. The AM technique focused in this thesis is fused filament fabrication (FFF). A numerical model is developed by recreating FFF build process in a simulation environment. Machine instructions generated by a slicer to build a part is used to create a numerical model. The model acts as a basis to determine the effects of process parameters on the stiffness and the strength of a part. Determining the stiffness of the part is done by calculating the response of the model to a uniformly distributed load. The strength of the part depends on it's thermal history. The developed numerical model serves as a basis to implement models describing the relation between thermal history and strength. The developed model is suited to optimize FFF parameters as it encompass effects of all FFF parameters. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the FFF parameters for minimum weight with a minimum stiffness constraint.
Ett hinder för att additiv tillverkning (AT), eller ”3D-printing”, ska få ett bredare genomslag är svårigheten att uppskatta effekterna av processparametrar på den tillverkade produktens mekaniska prestanda. Det komplexa förhållandet mellan geometri och processparametrar gör det opraktiskt och komplicerat att härleda analytiska uttryck för att förutsäga de mekaniska egenskaperna. Alternativet är att istället använda numeriska modeller. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling har därför varit att utveckla en numerisk modell som kan användas för att förutsäga de mekaniska egenskaperna för detaljer tillverkade genom AT. AT-tekniken som avses är inriktad på Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). En numerisk modell har utvecklats genom att återskapa FFF-byggprocessen i en simuleringsmiljö. Instruktioner (skriven i GCode) som används för att bygga en detalj genom FFF har här översatts till en numerisk FE-modell. Modellen används sen för att bestämma effekterna av processparametrar på styvheten och styrkan hos den tillverkade detaljen. I detta arbete har strukturstyvheten hos olika detaljer beräknats genom att utvärdera modellens svar för jämnt fördelade belastningsfall. Styrkan, vilket är starkt beroende på den tillverkade detaljens termiska historia, har inte utvärderats. Den utvecklade numeriska modellen kan dock fungera som underlag för implementering av modeller som beskriver relationen mellan termisk historia och styrka. Den utvecklade modellen är anpassad för optimering av FFF-parametrar då den omfattar effekterna av alla FFF-parametrar. En genetisk algoritm har använts i detta arbete för att optimera parametrarna med avseende på vikt för en given strukturstyvhet.
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Anderson, Jeffrey V. "Automated Manipulation for the Lotus Filament Winding Process." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1224.pdf.

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Braconnier, Daniel J. "Materials Informatics Approach to Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/204.

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Process-structure-property relationships in material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) are complex, non-linear, and poorly understood. Without proper characterization of the effects of each processing parameter, products produced through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and other MEAM processes may not successfully reach the material properties required of the usage environment. The two aims of this thesis were to first use an informatics approach to design a workflow that would ensure the collection of high pedigree data from each stage of the printing process; second, to apply the workflow, in conjunction with a design of experiments (DOE), to investigate FFF processing parameters. Environmental, material, and print conditions that may impact performance were monitored to ensure that relevant data was collected in a consistent manner. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament was used to print ASTM D638 Type V tensile bars. MakerBot Replicator 2X, Ultimaker 3, and Zortrax M200 were used to fabricate the tensile bars. Data was analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA). The magnitude of effect of layer thickness, extrusion temperature, print speed, and print bed temperature on the tensile properties of the final print were determined. Other characterization techniques used in this thesis included: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that printer selection is incredibly important and changes the effects of print parameters; moreover, further investigation is needed to determine the sources of these differences.
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Peng, Fang. "CORE-SHELL STRUCTURED FILAMENTS FOR FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING & ROLL-TO-ROLL MANUFACTURING OF PIEZORESISTIVE ELASTOMERIC FILMS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542976477808743.

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Ansari, Mubashir Qamar. "Generation of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer (TLCP)-Thermoplastic Composite Filaments and Their Processing in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99885.

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One of the major limitations in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a form of additive manufacturing, is the lack of composites with superior mechanical properties. Traditionally, carbon and glass fibers are widely used to improve the physical properties of polymeric matrices. However, the blending methods lead to fiber breakage, preventing generation of long fiber reinforced filaments essential for printing load-bearing components. Our approach to improve tensile properties of the printed parts was to use in-situ composites to avoid fiber breakage during filament generation. In the filaments generated, we used thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) to reinforce acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and a high performance thermoplastic, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The TLCPs are composed of rod-like monomers which are highly aligned under extensional kinematics imparting excellent one-dimensional tensile properties. The tensile strength and modulus of the 40 wt.% TLCP/ABS filaments was improved by 7 and 20 times, respectively. On the other hand, the 67 wt.% TLCP/PPS filament tensile strength and modulus were improved by 2 and 12 times, respectively. The filaments were generated using dual extrusion technology to produce nearly continuously reinforced filaments and to avoid matrix degradation. Rheological tests were taken advantage of to determine the processing conditions. Dual extrusion technology allowed plasticating the matrix and the reinforcing polymer separately in different extruders. Then continuous streams of TLCP were injected below the TLCP melting temperature into the matrix polymer to avoid matrix degradation. The blend was then passed through a series of static mixers, subdividing the layers into finer streams, eventually leading to nearly continuous fibrils which were an order of magnitude lower in diameter than those of the carbon and glass fibers. The composite filaments were printed below the melting temperature of the TLCPs, and the conditions were determined to avoid the relaxation of the order in the TLCPs. On printing, a matrix-like printing performance was obtained, such that the printer was able to take sharp turns in comparison with the traditionally used fibers. Moreover, the filaments led to a significant improvement in the tensile properties on using in FFF and other conventional technologies such as injection and compression molding.
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Bakrani, Balani Shahriar. "Additive manufacturing of the high-performance thermoplastic : experimental study and numerical simulation of the Fused Filament Fabrication." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0055.

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La fabrication additive (FA) fait référence à une grande variété de procédés de fabrication pour le prototypage rapide et la production de produits finis et semi-finis. Contrairement aux procédés classiques ou soustractifs, en fabrication additive, le matériau est ajouté progressivement couche par couche pour former les pièces. La fabrication additive permet la fabrication de pièces complexes impossibles ou peu rentables à fabriquer avec les procédés traditionnels. Le procédé FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) est basé sur la fusion d'un filament polymère ; le filament est ensuite déposé couche par couche pour fabriquer les pièces finales. Malgré l'intérêt croissant des industries et du grand public ces dernières années, ces procédés de fabrication ne sont toujours pas bien maîtrisés, en particulier pour les polymères qui ne sont pas de grande consommation. Dans cette thèse, nous allons nous intéresser à l’imprimabilité du PEEK (Polyétheréthercétone).Dans un premier temps, nous avons déterminé les propriétés du polymère influençant la qualité des pièces imprimées par FFF. Les propriétés rhéologiques, la tension superficielle, la conductivité thermique et la dilatation thermique ont été déterminées expérimentalement. Ensuite,le phénomène de coalescence des filaments polymères a été étudié par des mesures expérimentales, un modèle analytique et par simulation numérique. De plus, la stabilité du filament et ses propriétés d’écoulement lorsqu’il sort de l’extrudeuse dans le procédé FFF ont été déterminées expérimentalement puis par analytique et simulation numérique. Ensuite, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la détermination du gonflement des filaments de PEEK. Enfin, la cinétique de la cristallisation isotherme et non isotherme du PEEK a été étudiée expérimentalement. La cinétique de cristallisation a été appliquée au procédé FFF par simulation numérique afin de déterminer la température d’environnement optimale pour contrôler la cristallisation des pièces imprimées. La cristallisation du PEEK atteint sa valeur maximale (environ 22%) de cristallisation pendant le dépôt. En outre, la cristallisation libère de la chaleur dans le système
Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to a wide variety of manufacturing processes for rapid prototyping and production of final and semi-final products. In opposite to conventional orsubtractive processes, in additive manufacturing, the material is gradually added layer by layer to form the parts. AM enables the fabrication of complex parts which were impossible or not costeffective to manufacture with the traditional processes. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is basedon the melting of a polymeric filament in an extruder; the filament is then deposited layer by layerto manufacture the final parts. Despite growing interest from industries and a large audience inrecent years, these manufacturing processes are still not well mastered, especially for not mass produced polymers. In this thesis, we will take an insight into the printability of PEEK(Polyetheretherketone). The aim is to find the printing conditions to obtain the best quality of theprinted parts by FFF process. In the first step, we have determined the polymer properties influencing the quality of the printed parts by FFF. The rheological properties, the surface tension,the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion have been determined experimentally. Then, thecoalescence phenomenon of the polymeric filaments has been studied by experimental, analyticaland numerical simulation. Furthermore, the stability of the filament and its flow properties when itexits from the extruder in the FFF process has been determined by experimental, analytical andnumerical simulation. Then, we have focused on the determination of the die swelling of PEEKextrudate. Lastly, the kinetics of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of PEEK has beenstudied by experimental study. The kinetics of crystallization has been applied to FFF process bynumerical simulation in order to determine the optimum environment temperature to control thecrystallization of printed parts. The crystallization of PEEK reaches its maximum value (about22%) of crystallization during the deposition
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Coe, Edward Olin. "Printing on Objects: Curved Layer Fused Filament Fabrication on Scanned Surfaces with a Parallel Deposition Machine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101096.

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Consumer additive manufacturing (3D printing) has rapidly grown over the last decade. While the technology for the most common type, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), has systematically improved and sales have increased, fundamentally, the capabilities of the machines have remained the same. FFF printers are still limited to depositing layers onto a flat build plate. This makes it difficult to combine consumer AM with other objects. While consumer AM promises to allow us to customize our world, the reality has fallen short. The ability to directly modify existing objects presents numerous possibilities to the consumer: personalization, adding functionality, improving functionality, repair, and novel multi-material manufacturing processes. Indeed, similar goals for industrial manufacturing drove the research and development of technologies like direct write and directed energy deposition which can deposit layers onto uneven surfaces. Replicating these capabilities on consumer 3-axis FFF machines is difficult mainly due to issues with reliability, repeatability, and quality. This thesis proposes, demonstrates, and tests a method for scanning and printing dimensionally-accurate (unwarped) digital forms onto physical objects using a modified consumer-grade 3D printer. It then provides an analysis of the machine design considerations and critical process parameters.
Master of Science
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Gante, Lokesha Renukaradhya Karthikesh. "Metal Filament 3D Printing of SS316L : Focusing on the printing process." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259686.

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As a cutting edge manufacturing methodology, 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) brings much more attention to the fabrication of complex structure, especially in the manufacturing of metal parts.A number of various metal AM techniques have been studied and commercialized. However, most of them are expensive and less available, in comparison with Selective Laser Melting manufactured stainless steel 316L component.The purpose of this Master Thesis is to introduce an innovative AM technique which focuses on material extrusion-based 3D printing process for creating a Stainless Steel 316L part using a metal-polymer composite filament. The Stainless Steel test specimen was printed using an Fused Deposition Modelling based 3D printer loaded with a metal infused filament, followed by industrial standard debinding and sintering process. Investigation was performed on the specimen to understand the material properties and their behaviour during the postprocessing method. In addition effects of debinding, sintering and comparison of the test Specimen before and after debinding stages was also carried out. Metal polymer filaments for 3D printing could be an alternative way of making metal AM parts.
Som en avancerad tillverkningsmetodik ger 3D-printing eller additiv tillverkning (AM) mycket mer uppmärksamhet vid tillverkning av komplex struktur, särskilt vid tillverkning av metallkomponenter. Ett antal olika AM-tekniker vid tillverkningen av olika typer av metallkomponenter har studerats och kommersialiserats.De flesta av dessa AM-tekniker är dyra och mindre tillgängliga, i jämförelse med Selective Laser Melting vid tillverkningen av en komponent i rostfritt stål 316L. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att introducera en innovativ AM-teknik som fokuserar på materialsträngsprutningsbaserad 3D-printingprocess för att skapa ekomponent i rostfritt stål 316Lkomponent med ett metallpolymerkompositfilament. Ett prov bestående av rostfritt stål skrevs ut med en FDM-baserad 3D-skrivare laddad med filament av polymer och metal, följt av industriell avdrivnings-och sintringsprocess. Provet studerades för att förstå materialegenskaperna och dess beteende under efterbehandlingsmetoden. Dessutom genomfördes också resultat från avdrivning och sintring på provet och en jämförelse av provet före och efter avdrivnlngssteget. Metallpolymertrådar för 3D-printing kan vara ett alternativt sätt att tillverka AM-metallkomponenter.
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Books on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Manufacturing Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments in the Form of Monofilament, Filament Yarn, Staple, or Tow and Texturing Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Manufacturing Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments in the Form of Monofilament, Filament Yarn, Staple, or Tow and Texturing Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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S, Harrison E., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Develop and demonstrate manufacturing processes for fabricating graphite filament reinforced polyimide (Gr/PI) composite structural elements. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Manufacturing Non-Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments in the Form of Monofilament, Filament Yarn, Staple, or Tow and Texturing Non-Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Manufacturing Non-Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments in the Form of Monofilament, Filament Yarn, Staple, or Tow and Texturing Non-Cellulosic Fibers and Filaments. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Rayon, Acetate, and Lyocell Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Manufacturing Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Manufacturing Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

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Carrino, L., M. Landolfi, G. Moroni, and G. Vita. "CAM for Robotized Filament Winding." In Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology, 601–8. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2678-3_72.

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Dennig, Hans-Jörg, Livia Zumofen, and Andreas Kirchheim. "Feasibility Investigation of Gears Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication." In Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, 304–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_22.

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Golab, Mark, Sam Massey, and James Moultrie. "Experimental Investigation of Filament Behaviour in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." In Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, 279–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_20.

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Sandhu, Gurleen Singh, and Rupinder Singh. "Development of ABS-Graphene Blended Feedstock Filament for FDM Process." In Additive Manufacturing of Emerging Materials, 279–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91713-9_9.

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Misri, S., M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, and Z. Leman. "Filament Winding Process for Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." In Manufacturing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites, 369–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07944-8_18.

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Wundes, Oliver, Thomas Hanke, Ralf Schlimper, André Henkel, Torsten Theumer, and Andreas Krombholz. "Werkstoffmechanische Charakterisierung von mittels Fused Filament Fabrication hergestellten Strukturen / Mechanical Characterization of structures produced by Fused Filament Fabrication." In Rapid.Tech – International Trade Show & Conference for Additive Manufacturing, edited by Wieland Kniffka, Michael Eichmann, and Gerd Witt, 18–26. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446450608.002.

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Anglani, A., F. Nucci, and A. Spagnolo. "Filament Winding: An Integrated Simulation Environment for Automated Cell Programming." In AMST’02 Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology, 481–89. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2555-7_54.

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Ramos-Lozano, Secundino, Javier Molina-Salazar, Lázaro Rico-Pérez, and David Atayde-Campos. "Performance Evaluation of a Commercial 3D Printer that Uses Fused Filament Deposition Technology." In Best Practices in Manufacturing Processes, 389–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99190-0_18.

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Kumar, Vinay, Rupinder Singh, and Inderpreet Singh Ahuja. "Hybrid Feedstock Filament Processing for the Preparation of Composite Structures in Heritage Repair." In Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling, 159–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184164-10.

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G. Cole, Richard, Kazem Fayazbakhsh, Abraham Avalos, and Nicholas A. Nadeau. "Improved Test Methods for Polymer Additive Manufacturing Interlayer Weld Strength and Filament Mechanical Properties." In Progress in additive manufacturing 2020, 325–38. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp163720200107.

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Conference papers on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

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Addeo, Seth, Margaret Nowicki, Kenneth McDonald, and Nicole Zander. "Strength and Qualities of Mixed Additive Manufacturing Materials." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70564.

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Abstract Filament shredders and extruders greatly expand the additive manufacturing material selection. By using recycled filaments, waste and future costs can be efficiently cut while creating in-house, customizable, filaments. Testing mixed filaments is necessary to determine the physical and chemical benefits and costs of mixing filaments. This work aims to characterize mixtures of Polylactic Acid and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene. Mixtures were characterized through tensile strength testing and differential scanning calorimetry of extruded filament samples. The tested mixed filaments were found to be comparable to purchased filaments, with drastic increases in elasticity and decreases in torsional strength and tensile strength. This study shows that while possible to produce mixed filaments, and in spite of their chemical similarities, mixtures are not comparable in physical strength to pure filaments.
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Devra, Rajdeep Singh, Nishkarsh Srivastava, Madhu Vadali, and Amit Arora. "Polymer Filament Extrusion Using LDPE Waste Polymer: Effect of Processing Temperature." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85586.

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Abstract Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a soft thermoplastic with extensive application as a packing material such as plastic bags, dispensing bottles, milk pouches, etc. Many LDPE bags are used and dumped in landfills every year, leading to millions of tons of persistent waste. In addition, the recycling of LDPE is of no commercial interest due to its low stiffness, poor mechanical properties, and limited commercial application. In the current work, we attempt to recycle milk pouches made of LDPE to create polymer filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM), thereby adding value to waste plastic by converting it into high-value 3D printer filament. This research examines the feasibility of reclamation of waste LDPE milk pouches as filament for 3D printers and studies the changes in filament’s chemical and mechanical properties when produced at different temperatures. The waste milk pouches are cleaned thoroughly, shredded, and extruded using a single screw extruder at three nozzle temperatures, i.e., 150°C, 180°C, 210°C. The extruded specimens are analyzed using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface texture. The effect of change in process temperature on flow behaviors is also studied by integrating a current sensor and an encoder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is performed on the filaments and the used LDPE milk pouches to compare the chemical bondings of the polymer. The mechanical properties of the extruded filaments are examined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The morphological analysis, chemical characterization, and mechanical characterization of prepared filaments are presented. The results show that the chemical bondings are intact after extrusion at all the temperatures examined in this work. The surface texture and the mechanical properties are better at higher temperatures owing to better fluidity and are more suitable for fused deposition modeling. Thus, it is possible to valorize waste LDPE milk pouches by transforming them into filaments for 3D printing.
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Hull, Emmett, Weston Grove, Meng Zhang, Xiaoxu Song, Z. J. Pei, and Weilong Cong. "Effects of Process Variables on Extrusion of Carbon Fiber Reinforced ABS Filament for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9396.

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Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a class of manufacturing processes where material is deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional part directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) model. With a current market share of 44%, thermoplastic-based additive manufacturing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a prevailing technology. A preliminary extrusion process is required to produce thermoplastic filaments for use in FDM 3D printers. It is crucial that extruded filament must have constant dimensional accuracy for FDM 3D printers to produce the desired object with precision. In this study, carbon fibers were blended with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastics to produce carbon fiber reinforced ABS filaments in order to improve the mechanical properties of FDM-printed objects. During filament extrusion, three process variables showed significant effects on filament diameter, expansion percentage, and extrusion rate. These process variables included carbon fiber content, extrusion temperature, and nozzle size. The objective of this study is to test the feasible ranges of these process variables and to investigate their effects on filament extrusion. Results of this study will provide knowledge on quality improvement of carbon fiber reinforced ABS filament extrusion for additive manufacturing.
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Sommerfeld, Christian, Eckart Uhlmann, and Anton Hoyer. "Modelling of Brushing Processes." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2833.

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Abstract Brushes consist of a body with fixed highly flexible filaments and can be used for deburring and surface finishing operations. During the brushing process, axial and tangential deflections of the highly flexible filaments lead to an adaptation to the shape of the workpiece and interaction between the filaments. The described complex contact behavior has been insufficiently investigated so far. For a better understanding of the contact between a brush and the workpiece surface, this paper presents a model based on physical principles. The model describes the dynamic behavior of a brush in contact with different workpiece geometries and consists of separate physical descriptions for the filaments of the brush, the workpiece surface and the occurring contacts. A description of a single filament is given by a multi-body system of rigid links. The rigid links are connected by joints which approximate the material behavior of the filaments. To approximate different geometries, the workpiece surface is specified by a polynomial. Contact can occur between the filaments and the workpiece surface as well as between the filaments. For the description of the occurring contacts, Hertz’s theory of elastic contact and Coulomb’s law of friction are used. The aforementioned physical descriptions are included in the Lagrange’s equations to obtain a system of equations of motion that calculates the deflection of the filaments of the brush and the acting forces during the contact with the workpiece surface. A numerical solution to the system of equations of motion was calculated by using experimentally determined material and contact properties of the filament. A comparison of the calculated forces with experimentally determined values shows good correlations for different workpiece surfaces and process parameters. In this context, the developed model calculates the progression and the maximum value of the acting contact forces. The results show a shorter contact length of the filament lc for a circular surface compared to a plane surface, and a rise of the maximum normal force Fn with the depth of cut ae. Furthermore, consideration of the filament interactions leads to a more accurate approximation of the brush-workpiece contact. Based on the findings, the developed model can be used to calculate predictions for different brushing processes which reduce the number of time-consuming preliminary tests for the process design.
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Chen, Howard, and Ibrahim T. Ozbolat. "Development of a Multi-Arm Bioprinter for Hybrid Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1025.

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This paper highlights the development of a multi-arm bioprinter (MABP) capable of concurrent deposition of multiple materials with independent dispensing parameters including deposition speed, material dispensing rate and frequency for functional zonal-stratified articular cartilage tissue fabrication. The MABP consists of two Cartesian robots mounted in parallel on the same mechanical frame. This platform is used for concurrent filament fabrication and cell spheroid deposition. A single-layer structure is fabricated and concurrently deposited with spheroids to validate this system. Preliminary results showed that the MABP was able to produce filaments and spheroids with well-defined geometry and high cell viability. The resulting filament width has a variation of +/-170 μm and the center-to-center filament distance was within 100 μm of the specified distance. This fabrication system is aimed to be further refined for printing structures with varying porosities to mimic the natural cartilage structure in order to produce functional tissue-engineered articular cartilage using cell spheroids containing cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs).
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Menezes, Chelsea, and Cameron J. Turner. "Implementing a Discrete Element Method for Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing Thermal Modeling." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71947.

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Abstract One of the challenges of additively manufactured parts is that additive manufacturing processes can lead to anisotropic material properties. For this research, we focus on fused deposition modeling (FDM) which is a common consumer grade process that also is often used for early prototyping due to its low investment and processing cost. In FDM, a semimolten filament is extruded. Within the filament (the intrafilament bonds), the material properties are essentially that of a bulk material that has been injection molded. However, because of the differences in temperature when adjacent filaments are deposited, the material properties between filaments within a layer (the intralayer bonds) are generally less than that of the intrafilament bonds leading to an anisotropic behavior within a layer. Similarly, the temperature difference between layers leads to yet another different material bonding strength (interlayer) that is also less than that of the intralayer or intrafilament bonds. Our hypothesis is that these anisotropic property differences can be predicted using Discrete Element Models (DEM) to model the process of printing the part filament by filament and layer by layer and the subsequent cooling process. A DEM approach discretizes the filament into discrete elements that are treated as a lumped parameter elements connected to adjacent elements through a set of heat transfer boundary conditions. Elements with external part surfaces are therefore connected to the external environment, or in the case of elements in the base layer of the part, are connected to the print bed which is often heated to encourage bonding between filaments. The DEM model is validated by comparing the predictions of the model against observed behaviors in FDM printing. For instance, the exposed surfaces of an FDM print will cool faster than elements in the core of the print, or elements that are in contact with the heated printing bed. This paper describes the process of developing a thermal DEM model in MatLAB, including the assumptions underlying the element level heat transfer model. In addition, discussion of the model results is included to demonstrate the validity of the model as well as the comparisons made to available simulation and experimental data which allows us to validate the underlying behavior of the model. As a result of this research, there are several avenues available for future work including the estimation of bond strength between fibers and layers, the incorporation of viscosity effects, mechanical loading, and the possibilities for process optimization based on intelligent filament path planning, reheating technologies and adaptively controlling the build plate and environmental temperatures.
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Steuben, John, Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, and Cameron Turner. "Design for Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46355.

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In this paper, we explore the topic of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D-printing. This is a low-cost additive manufacturing technology which is typically embodied in consumer-grade desktop 3D printers capable of producing useful parts, structures, and mechanical assemblies. The primary goal of our investigation is to produce an understanding of this process which can be employed to produce high-quality, functional engineered parts and prototypes. By developing this understanding, we create a resource which may be turned to by both researchers in the field of manufacturing science, and industrial professionals who are either considering the use of FFF-enabled technologies such as 3D printing, or those who have already entered production and are optimizing their fabrication process. In order to paint a cohesive picture for these readers, we examine several topic areas. We begin with an overview of the FFF process, its key hardware and software components, and the interrelationships between these components and the designer. With this basis, we then proceed to outline a set of design principles which facilitate the production of high quality printed parts, and discuss the selection of appropriate materials. Following naturally from this, we turn to the question of feedstock materials for FFF, and give advice for their selection and use. We then turn to the subject of the as-printed properties of FFF parts and the strong non-isotropic response that they exhibit. We discuss the root causes of this behavior and means by which its deleterious effects may be mitigated. We conclude by discussing a mixed numerical/experimental technique which we believe will enable the accurate characterization of FFF parts and structures, and greatly enhance the utility of this additive manufacturing technology. By formalizing and discussing these topics, we hope to motivate and enable the serious use of low-cost FFF 3D printing for both research and industrial applications.
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Capps, Nicholas E., Jason E. Johnson, Robert G. Landers, Douglas A. Bristow, Edward C. Kinzel, Alexandria N. Marchi, and John D. Bernardin. "Comparison of Volumetric to Surface Heating for Filament-Fed Laser Heated Additive Manufacturing of Glass." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3634.

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Abstract This paper presents work using a laser-heated fiber-fed technique to deposit fully dense glass. A stationary laser beam is focused on the intersection of a quartz filament with the workpiece. The workpiece is articulated on a precision 4-axis stage. The laser beam continuously melts the glass filament so that its viscosity is low enough to wet and fuse the workpiece. The focus of this paper is to compare volumetric heating of the glass as opposed to surface heat flux. CO2 laser radiation (λ = 10.6 µm) strongly couples to the silica phonon mode (optical penetration depth < 5 µm). This requires printing at very slow rates in order to allow the heat to diffuse from the surface of the glass to the interface of the filament and the workpiece. CO laser radiation (λ = 5.3 µm) provides volumetric absorption because of weaker coupling (optical penetration depth of ∼500 µm for fused quartz). This produces a more uniform temperature profile in the glass filament and supports deposition at greater speeds. The maximum deposition rates for 0.5 and 1.0 mm diameter fused quartz filaments are determined by extrapolating the power required to achieve wetting using both CO2 and CO lasers. The results show that volumetric heating (CO laser) produces surface wetting with significantly lower power. The results are compared to a 1D conduction model which suggests that still greater deposition speeds are possible as the optical penetration depth approaches the filament diameter.
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Grinfeld, Evgeny, and Eran Paz. "Breakthrough system to optimize implant filament source usage." In 2007 International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issm.2007.4446811.

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Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, Weston Grove, Emmett Hull, Z. J. Pei, Fuda Ning, and Weilong Cong. "Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Fused Deposition Modeling Using Microwave Irradiation." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8790.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a class of manufacturing processes where material is deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional part directly from a computer-aided design model. With a current market share of 44%, thermoplastic-based additive manufacturing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a prevailing technology. A key challenge for AM parts (especially for parts made by FDM) in engineering applications is the weak inter-layer adhesion. The lack of bonding between filaments usually results in delamination and mechanical failure. To address this challenge, this study embedded carbon nanotubes into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastics via a filament extrusion process. The vigorous response of carbon nanotubes to microwave irradiation, leading to the release of a large amount of heat, is used to melt the ABS thermoplastic matrix adjacent to carbon nanotubes within a very short time period. This treatment is found to enhance the inter-layer adhesion without bulk heating to deform the 3D printed parts. Tensile and flexural tests were performed to evaluation the effects of microwave irradiation on mechanical properties of the specimens made by FDM. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken to characterize the fracture surfaces of tensile test specimens. The actual carbon nanotube contents in the filaments were measured by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of microwave irradiation on the electrical resistivity of the filament were also reported.
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Reports on the topic "Filament manufacturing"

1

Love, Lonnie, Alex Roschli, Brian Post, Celeste Atkins, Adam Stevens, Phillip Chesser, and Peter Wang. Large Format, Large Diameter Filament Additive (FFF) Manufacturing - Phase 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890314.

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