Journal articles: 'Fijian village'

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Sofer, Michael. "Progress Through Transformation - A Fijian Village." Pacific Viewpoint 28, no. 1 (May 1987): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.281001.

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Bertana, Amanda. "Relocation as an Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise: Valuable Lessons from the Narikoso Village Relocation Project in Fiji." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001701.

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Relocation as an adaptation strategy to coastal degradation remains on the fringes of climate change discourse. Yet, as sea levels are projected to rise, relocating is an inevitable response for vulnerable coastal communities worldwide. In fact, some Fijian villages are facing such severe coastal erosion that they have already begun the process of shifting to higher ground, and many more villages throughout the islands have been slated for relocation. This case study is based on the planned relocation efforts of Narikoso village on Ono Island in Kadavu, Fiji. In Narikoso, regional NGOs, INGOs, and local and national government are working with the community to relocate the village inland. The process of moving the community began in 2012 when Prime Minister Bainimarama sent the Fiji military to Ono Island to clear land for the new village. It came to an abrupt stop due to a lack of funding and ecological degradation caused by the preparation for the new village site. Since the relocation process began, a myriad of issues have arisen ranging from concerns regarding community engagement, availability of financial resources, and resistance to moving inland.

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Matsen Neal, Jerusha. "Exodus or Exile: Hermeneutic Shifts in a Shifting Fijian Methodist Church." International Journal of Homiletics 2, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ijh.2017.39432.

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Over the past 30 years, the effects of globalization, climate change and multiple military coups have reshaped the Fijian landscape. The “lines in the sand” around issues of land ownership, rising tides and Fijian identity have complicated the relationship between the Fijian Methodist Church and the land which grounds its culture. The historical fissures between the majority Methodist indigenous church and Fiji’s large Hindu population continue to place the rights of first peoples in tension with rights of ethnic and religious minorities, even as the country’s secular government stresses the possibility of harmony. In recent years, the church’s primary responses to these demographic, political and environmental changes have been homiletic and hermeneutic. In spite of declining membership and reduced political influence, the church’s present experience has been re-read as a “New Exodus” journey toward a promised land. This theme of “New Exodus” has become a dominant trope in sermons, church education events and Fijian Methodist self-understanding. A more complicated hermeneutic, however, mines the biblical theme of exile to describe the current situation. In iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) understanding, the ‘vanua,’ or land, connotes the traditional culture of those who live on that land. As change impacts the culture of indigenous village life, the land itself is understood to change. Though 80% of Fijian land is tribally held, many Fijian Methodists experience the land on which they have lived for generations as suddenly unfamiliar. My paper will explore these disparate biblical readings of the Fijian Methodist experience through a homiletic analysis of four Fijian sermons, pointing to the importance of pulpit rhetoric in creating new conceptions of place and direction in a world where familiar markers are washing away.

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Thomas, Nicholas. "Sanitation and Seeing: The Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016364.

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British rule in the former Crown Colony of Fiji was a paradoxical affair in several ways. The first Governor, Sir Arthur Gordon, had been shocked by the dispossession of the New Zealand Maori and was determined to subordinate settler interests in Fiji to those of the indigenous population. From the time of cession by a group of paramount chiefs in 1874, administrative policies and structures aimed to defend, protect, and institutionalize the traditional Fijian communal system. For example, what were thought to be traditional chiefly privileges, such as rights to produce, were legally enshrined and articulated with an indirect rule system of appointed village, district, and provincial chiefs. Land was made the inalienable property of clan groups of certain types (which Fijians were obliged to create where they did not already exist).

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Sofer, Michael. "Kadavu Island: adaptation and stagnation in the Fijian periphery." Miscellanea Geographica 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgrsd-2015-0006.

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Abstract The outer island of Kadavu is representative of the Fijian periphery. This paper deals with its physical characteristics, infrastructural conditions, and village economic activities with the aim of understanding the changes it has gone through in recent years. A combination of micro-geographic studies in two villages and a meso-geographical analysis show that the pattern of development found in Kadavu in the early 1980s has not changed much. The current pattern of cash crop production and trade is almost entirely dependent on the kava beverage crop, infrastructure is underdeveloped, the island suffers from the peripheral penalty phenomenon, and government initiatives aimed at changing the trend are very limited. However, the current form of non-capitalist production and its derived benefit has forced villagers into a strategy of adaptation which might actually be preferable for them under the current conditions of peripheralization.

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Movono, Apisalome, and Heidi Dahles. "Female empowerment and tourism: a focus on businesses in a Fijian village." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 22, no. 6 (March 30, 2017): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1308397.

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Bertana, Amanda. "The role of power in community participation: Relocation as climate change adaptation in Fiji." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 902–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420909394.

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As the impacts of climate change intensify, potential relocation is becoming more of a reality for coastal communities throughout the world. This is furthering the demand for the implementation of governance relocation frameworks. In order to stay true to the principles of environmental justice while at the same time ensuring an effective policy that meets the needs and wants of affected communities, an adaptive relocation framework requires collaboration between state and non-state actors. It is thus important to pay attention to how non-state actors are incorporated into public participatory climate change adaptation efforts. In order to affectively address previous limitations of public participation, stakeholders must pay attention to already existing power systems. Through a case study approach of a village relocation project in Fiji, I examine the role of power in a climate change adaptation plan that involved the community of Vunidogoloa, local government, and national government stakeholders. I employ Steven Lukes’s three-dimensional framework of power to the case of Vunidogoloa, a Fijian village that relocated inland due to coastal erosion and shoreline flooding, to illustrate how the political arrangement of participation reinforced existing hierarchies between the village and the government.

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Miyaji, Mari, Ayako Fujieda, Sainimere Veitata, and Hirohide Kobayashi. "Field research on cyclone damage and housing reconstruction in Fijian Village—Case study of Navala Village after tropical cyclone Winston." JAPAN ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 4, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.12230.

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Cormier, Loretta A., Sharyn Jones, Christel Carlisle, Courtney Andrews, Caitlin Aamodt, Anna Mc Cown, Mallory Messersmith, Ashley Wilson, and Lindsay Whiteaker. "A Case Study of Metabolic Syndrome without Hypertension in a Fijian Coastal Fishing Village." Journal of Human Ecology 39, no. 2 (August 2012): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2012.11906504.

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Gervais, Matthew M. "RICH Economic Games for Networked Relationships and Communities: Development and Preliminary Validation in Yasawa, Fiji." Field Methods 29, no. 2 (July 14, 2016): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x16643709.

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Experimental economic games reveal significant population variation in human social behavior. However, most protocols involve anonymous recipients, limiting their validity to fleeting interactions. Understanding human relationship dynamics will require methods with the virtues of economic games that also tap recipient identity-conditioned heuristics (RICHs). This article describes three RICH economic games—an allocation game, a taking game, and a costly reduction game—that involve monetary decisions across photos of one’s social network, integrating recipient identities while maintaining decision confidentiality. I demonstrate the ecological validity of these games in a study of male social relationships in a rural Fijian village. Deciders readily map these games onto daily life, and target earnings vary widely; consistent with ethnography, relative need is the primary rationale for decisions across the games, while both punitive and leveling motives drive reduction behavior. Consequently, altruism and spite are both elevated relative to anonymous target games in neighboring villages.

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MIYAJI, Mari, Ayako FUJIEDA, Sainimere VEITATA, and Hirohide KOBAYASHI. "A FIELD RESEARCH ON DAMAGE AND HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION BY CYCLONE DISASTER IN FIJIAN RURAL VILLAGE." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 84, no. 763 (2019): 1925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.84.1925.

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Groth-Marnat, Gary, Simon Leslie, and Mark Renneker. "Tobacco control in a traditional Fijian village: Indigenous methods of smoking cessation and relapse prevention." Social Science & Medicine 43, no. 4 (August 1996): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00425-4.

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Weir, Christine. "Rev. John Burton frames the Fiji Methodist Mission, 1924." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00036_1.

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In his role as General Secretary of the Australasian Methodist Missionary Society in the 1920s and 1930s, Reverend John W. Burton travelled each winter to one of the ‘mission fields’ in the South Pacific to inspect the mission’s activities, and to encourage and advise. Accompanying him was his camera; Burton had long been an enthusiastic photographer. Following his 1924 visit to Fiji he created two albums of his photographs, one illustrating the indigenous Fijian mission, the other the Indian mission. This article focuses on the ‘social biography’ of the photographs, and examines Burton’s choice and balance of subjects in each album, which cover educational and other mission activities, village and town scenes, landscapes and individual and group portraits. It also considers the placement and message in context of many of the individual photographs when they were later reproduced to illustrate stories in the mission magazine, Missionary Review, of which Burton was the Editor.

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Hoare, Frank. "A Pastoral Approach to Spirit Possession and Witchcraft Manifestations among the Fijian People." Mission Studies 21, no. 1 (2004): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573383041154375.

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AbstractIn this article Columban missionary, Frank Hoare, examines incidents of spirit possession and witchcraft accusations in a Catholic Fijian village. Spirit possession has a communal dimension in socio-centric cultures and the tensions of the community are played out in and through the messages of the spirit. Crises of evil are understood as essentially moral and connect the individual, community and spirit world and the community is energized to resolve the situation and ward off the evil. The recognition by a community of individuals who have effective spiritual power may surface alternative dormant ritual economics and politics based on a traditional cosmology that may be more or less articulated to the dominant cosmology. A foreign missionary should beware of ethnocentrism and the reductionism that dismisses the local idiom and traditional cosmology. Instead, crises of evil offer an opportunity for deeper dialogue between the Christian gospel and traditional beliefs and practice. Study of the history, social relations and culture of the community is time well spent and the missionary should rely on mature local Christians. A liturgy that takes community crises into account can provide a wider context of meaning for the concerns of the community.

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Shaver, John H., Thomas A. J. White, Patrick Vakaoti, and Martin Lang. "A comparison of self-report, systematic observation and third-party judgments of church attendance in a rural Fijian Village." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): e0257160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257160.

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Social desirability reporting leads to over estimations of church attendance. To date, researchers have treated over-reporting of church attendance as a general phenomenon, and have been unable to determine the demographic correlates of inaccuracy in these self-reports. By comparing over eight months of observational data on church attendance (n = 48 services) to self-report in a rural Fijian village, we find that 1) self-report does not reliably predict observed attendance, 2) women with two or more children (≥ 2) are more likely to over-report their attendance than women with fewer children (≤ 1), and 3) self-report of religiosity more reliably predicts observed church attendance than does self-report of church attendance. Further, we find that third-party judgements of church attendance by fellow villagers are more reliably associated with observed church attendance than self-report. Our findings suggest that researchers interested in estimating behavioral variation, particularly in domains susceptible to social desirability effects, should consider developing and employing third-party methods to mitigate biases inherent to self-report.

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McMichael, Celia, and Teresia Powell. "Planned Relocation and Health: A Case Study from Fiji." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 4355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084355.

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In Fiji, low-lying coastal villages are beginning to retreat and relocate in response to coastal erosion, flooding and saltwater intrusion. Planned relocation is considered a last resort as a form of adaptation to the impacts of climatic and environmental change. The health impacts of planned relocation are poorly understood. This paper draws on data from multi-year research with residents of the iTaukei (Indigenous) Fijian village of Vunidogoloa. We used qualitative research methods to examine experiences of planned relocation, including residents’ accounts of their health and quality of life. In-depth interviews and group discussions were conducted with villagers living in a site of relocation, at four points in time (2015, 2016, 2019, and 2020). Twenty-seven people in Vunidogoloa, Fiji, participated in in-depth interviews, several on more than one occasion. Six group discussions with between eight to twelve participants were also conducted. Qualitative analytic software (NVivo) was used to analyse interview transcripts and identify themes. Villagers report both health benefits and challenges following planned relocation. Key facilitators for good health include movement away from some environmental risks to health, adequate drinking water and sanitation, food security including through farms and kitchen gardens, livelihood opportunities, improved access to schools and health services, and appropriate housing design. However, residents also refer to unanticipated risks to health including increased consumption of packaged goods and alcohol, disruptions to social structures and traditional values, and disrupted place attachment following movement away from a coastal site of belonging with consequences for mental wellbeing. Therefore, planned relocation has altered the social determinants of health in complex ways, bringing both health opportunities and risks. These results highlight the need for context-specific planning and adaptation programs that include meaningful involvement of community members in ongoing decision making, and call for an understanding of diverse social determinants of health that emerge and evolve in contexts of planned relocation.

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Hardy, Myra, Josaia Samuela, Mike Kama, Meciusela Tuicakau, Lucia Romani, Margot J. Whitfeld, Christopher L. King, et al. "Community control strategies for scabies: A cluster randomised noninferiority trial." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): e1003849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003849.

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Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease hyperendemic to many low- and middle-income countries. Scabies can be successfully controlled using mass drug administration (MDA) using 2 doses of ivermectin-based treatment. If effective, a strategy of 1-dose ivermectin-based MDA would have substantial advantages for implementing MDA for scabies at large scale. Methods and findings We did a cluster randomised, noninferiority, open-label, 3-group unblinded study comparing the effectiveness of control strategies on community prevalence of scabies at 12 months. All residents from 35 villages on 2 Fijian islands were eligible to participate. Villages were randomised 1:1:1 to 2-dose ivermectin-based MDA (IVM-2), 1-dose ivermectin-based MDA (IVM-1), or screen and treat with topical permethrin 5% for individuals with scabies and their household contacts (SAT). All groups also received diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for lymphatic filariasis control. For IVM-2 and IVM-1, oral ivermectin was dosed at 200 μg/kg and when contraindicated substituted with permethrin. We designated a noninferiority margin of 5%. We enrolled 3,812 participants at baseline (July to November 2017) from the 35 villages with median village size of 108 (range 18 to 298). Age and sex of participants were representative of the population with 51.6% male and median age of 25 years (interquartile range 10 to 47). We enrolled 3,898 at 12 months (July to November 2018). At baseline, scabies prevalence was similar in all groups: IVM-2: 11.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.5 to 16.0); IVM-1: 15.2% (95% CI 9.4 to 23.8); SAT: 13.6% (95% CI 7.9 to 22.4). At 12 months, scabies decreased substantially in all groups: IVM-2: 1.3% (95% CI 0.6 to 2.5); IVM-1: 2.7% (95% CI 1.1 to 6.5); SAT: 1.1% (95% CI 0.6 to 2.0). The risk difference in scabies prevalence at 12 months between the IVM-1 and IVM-2 groups was 1.2% (95% CI −0.2 to 2.7, p = 0.10). Limitations of the study included the method of scabies diagnosis by nonexperts, a lower baseline prevalence than anticipated, and the addition of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole to scabies treatment. Conclusions All 3 strategies substantially reduced prevalence. One-dose was noninferior to 2-dose ivermectin-based MDA, as was a screen and treat approach, for community control of scabies. Further trials comparing these approaches in varied settings are warranted to inform global scabies control strategies. Trial registration Clinitrials.gov NCT03177993 and ANZCTR N12617000738325.

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Overton, John. "A FIJIAN PEASANTRY:GALALAAND VILLAGERS." Oceania 58, no. 3 (March 1988): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.1988.tb02272.x.

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Farran, Sue. "Balancing livelihoods with environmental protection: A case study from Fiji." Environmental Law Review 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452920966583.

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Pacific Island states – sometimes classified as small island developing states, are among those most vulnerable to climate change and environmental degradation brought about by development initiatives such as logging, mining, commercial agriculture and tourism. While these may have economic benefits, many Fijians live in rural areas with limited or no opportunity for paid employment and rely on subsistence farming and natural resources for their livelihoods. The importance of the latter – particularly for many women – and increasing pressure on these resources, raise sustainability concerns. If natural resource environments are to be protected, restrictions – some of which are already in place – need to be not only enforced but possibly extended. This could, however, impact negatively on these dependent livelihoods. This article considers this dilemma in the context of two Fijian villages in the district of Ba, where women depend on the mangrove areas, primarily for catching crabs for sale in the local markets, using the money earned to meet basic needs.

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Prasad, Rahul Ravneel, Mohseen Riaz Ud Dean, Bradley Alungo, and Vinal Vishal Chand. "Prevalence and Incidence of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Brown Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercospora heningsii in Macuata Province, Vanua Levu, Fiji." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n8p91.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crop of many values in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. In Fiji, cassava is cultivated on vast acres of land but, the yield obtained is relatively lower because of many constraints, including the prevalence of diseases caused by the different pathogens. Among various pathogens responsible for a lower yield, the cassava brown leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora heningsii is responsible for causing enormous annual losses of cassava in tropical and subtropical regions. Because there is very little information regarding the association of the brown leaf spot disease and cassava in the country, the present study using survey as research instrument endeavors to determine the disease incidence and prevalence of brown leaf spot disease in the cassava fields of three villages (Mani Road, Boca, and Anuve) in the Bulileka area of the Macauta province in Vanua Levu, Fiji. The study found that brown leaf spot disease prevailed (100%) in all three villages. The percentage of disease incidence ranged from 36.4% to 42.9%. The maximum incidence (42.9%) of cassava brown leaf spot disease was found in Anuve village, followed by Mani Road village (38.2%), with the lowest disease incidence recorded for Boca village (36.4%).

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Matthews, Elizabeth, Joeli Veitayaki, and Vina Ram Bidesi. "Fijian villagers adapt to changes in local fisheries." Ocean & Coastal Management 38, no. 3 (March 1998): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(97)00040-9.

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RASALATO, ERONI, VICTOR MAGINNITY, and JUERG M. BRUNNSCHWEILER. "Using local ecological knowledge to identify shark river habitats in Fiji (South Pacific)." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000317.

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SUMMARYLocal ecological knowledge (LEK) and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have the potential to improve community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) by providing information about the presence, behaviour and ecology of species. This paper explores the potential of LEK and TEK to identify shark river habitats in Fiji, learn how locals regard and use sharks, and capture ancestral legends and myths that shed light on relationships between these animals and local people. Interviews with representatives from 22 villages, communities and fishing settlements associated with seven riverine areas on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu confirmed the presence of sharks in estuaries and rivers on Fiji. Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) and larger sharks were reported being close to the river mouths, whereas an unknown species of small size with a rounded snout was reported up to >30 km upriver. Local people consume shark meat as a source of protein, but sharks also have a rich background in ancestral stories and play an important part in Fijian myths and legends, resulting in the support of conservation measures by local villagers.

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SAKAGAMI, Mitsuko, Noriko ANDO, and Masamitu OGIHARA. "The Peculiarity of the House Constituent in Native Fijian Villages." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 18, no. 1 (1999): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.18.19.

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Middlebrook, Rachael, and Jane E. Williamson. "Social attitudes towards marine resource management in two Fijian villages." Ecological Management and Restoration 7, no. 2 (August 2006): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2006.280_4.x.

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Nelson, Sarah, Jacqueline Thomas, Aaron Jenkins, Kelera Naivalu, Timoci Naivalulevu, Vilisi Naivalulevu, Kinikoto Mailautoka, et al. "Perceptions of drinking water access and quality in rural indigenous villages in Fiji." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.022.

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Abstract Poor rural water quality is a health challenge in Fiji. A mixed-methods study in six iTaukei (Indigenous Fijian) villages was conducted to understand local perceptions of drinking water access and quality, how this changes drinking water source choices, and impacts of age and gender. Seventy-two household surveys, 30 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Household surveys revealed 41.7% of community members perceived their water as dirty and 76.4% perceived their water as clean. Two-thirds of households reported that they always or usually had enough water. FGDs and KIIs revealed water access and quality was influenced by population size, seasonality, and rainfall. Perceptions of water quality caused villages to shift to alternative water sources. Alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data identified four themes: sources and infrastructure, access, quality and contamination. There was mixed alignment of perceptions between access and quality between the household surveys, and KIIs and FGDs with partial agreement sources and infrastructure, and quality. Gender was found to influence perceptions of dirty water, contamination, and supply and demand. Perceptions of water quality and access shape decisions and choices for water sources and can be used to inform resilience and inclusive water strategies.

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Newland, Lynda. "Turning the Spirits into Witchcraft: Pentecostalism in Fijian Villages1." Oceania 75, no. 1 (September 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2004.tb02860.x.

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Kline, Michelle A., Robert Boyd, and Joseph Henrich. "Teaching and the Life History of Cultural Transmission in Fijian Villages." Human Nature 24, no. 4 (October 6, 2013): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1.

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Orcherton, Dan Frederick, Maria Orcherton, and Matthew Kensen. "Understanding Traditional Healing Practices and the Categories of Practices from Fijian iTaukei’s Perspectives." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169003.

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This study takes an in-depth look at how traditional healing practices (THPs) are perceived by the iTaukei people living in villages and periurban areas in Fiji Islands. The research used both qualitative and quantitative knowledge/data gathered from six villages in Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, to determine, first, the perception(s) of THPs among the iTaukei; second, what THPs successfully survive and are still important to the iTaukei way of life; and third, what factors influence the iTaukei’s health-seeking behavior or choices between Western and traditional medical systems in their villages. Results confirm that the knowledge healers used to hold to cure common illnesses is now more dispersed and shared with community members; healers/elders’ roles in iTaukei villages are important for cultural–spiritual–social causes of illnesses, and for more complex cases, there are specialized iTaukei healers. Recommendations in the form of categories of practices are offered for practitioners to work more effectively and affectively with the iTaukei.

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Kent, Lillian, Pia Reierson, Darren Morton, Kesa Vasutoga, and Paul Rankin. "A Community-based Lifestyle Education Program Addressing Non-communicable Diseases in Low-literacy Areas of the South Pacific: A Pilot Control Cohort Study." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2020.7.3.2.

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Lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce chronic disease risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of an established lifestyle intervention contextualized for low-literacy communities in Fiji. Ninety-six adults from four villages, with waist circumference (WC) indicative of risk of chronic disease, were randomly selected to an intervention or control group. Process evaluation indicated one intervention and one control village fulfilled the study protocol. There were no differences between intervention and control for body mass index BMI (P = 0.696), WC (P = 0.662), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.386), and TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = 0.485). The intervention village achieved greater reductions than the control village at 30 and 90 days for systolic blood pressure (30 days: −11.1% vs. −2.5%, P = 0.006; 90 days: −14.5% vs. −6.7%, P = 0.019); pulse rate (30 days: −7.0% vs. −1.1%, P = 0.866; 90 days: −7.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.027), and HDL (30 days: −13.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.206; 90 days: −18.9% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.001); at 90 days only for diastolic blood pressure (−14.4% vs. −0.2%, P = 0.010); at 30 days only for low-density lipoprotein (−11.6% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.009); and fasting plasma glucose (−10.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.032). However, for triglycerides, the control achieved greater reductions than the intervention village at 30 days (35.4% vs. −12.3%, P = 0.008; marginal at 90 days 16.4% vs. −23.5%, P = 0.054). This study provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the intervention to lower several risk factors for chronic disease over 30 days in rural settings in Fiji and supports consideration of larger studies.

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Tagivakatini, Serupepeli, Carmen Ferreira, and Fátima Matos. "Village governance in relation to coastal resource management in Fiji: a case study of Namada and Navukailagi villages." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, no. 10 (December 30, 2016): 355–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2016.10.017.

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Jupiter, Stacy D., and Daniel P. Egli. "Ecosystem-Based Management in Fiji: Successes and Challenges after Five Years of Implementation." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/940765.

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In 2005, a network of 3 large, district-wide marine protected areas (MPAs) and 17 village-managed closures (tabu) was established in Kubulau District, Fiji. Underwater visual census (UVC) data of fish biomass and benthic cover were collected between 2007 and 2009 and analysed with PERMANOVA and ANOSIM to assess differences between closed and open areas. High reef fish biomass (>1000 kg/ha) within closures, significantly elevated over open areas, was consistently observed from: (1) tabu areas on naturally productive reefs within visual distance from villages; and (2) the large, long-term permanent closure located away from fishing pressure. Factors that may have contributed to low fish biomass within closures include small size of closures; noncompliance with management rules; and disclosure of management success to fishers from villages with high reliance on fisheries products. Future success of the network depends on improving awareness of management rules and ensuring implementation within a broader ecosystem framework.

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Henrich, Joseph, and James Broesch. "On the nature of cultural transmission networks: evidence from Fijian villages for adaptive learning biases." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0323.

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Unlike other animals, humans are heavily dependent on cumulative bodies of culturally learned information. Selective processes operating on this socially learned information can produce complex, functionally integrated, behavioural repertoires—cultural adaptations. To understand such non-genetic adaptations, evolutionary theorists propose that (i) natural selection has favoured the emergence of psychological biases for learning from those individuals most likely to possess adaptive information, and (ii) when these psychological learning biases operate in populations, over generations, they can generate cultural adaptations. Many laboratory experiments now provide evidence for these psychological biases. Here, we bridge from the laboratory to the field by examining if and how these biases emerge in a small-scale society. Data from three cultural domains—fishing, growing yams and using medicinal plants—show that Fijian villagers (ages 10 and up) are biased to learn from others perceived as more successful/knowledgeable, both within and across domains (prestige effects). We also find biases for sex and age, as well as proximity effects. These selective and centralized oblique transmission networks set up the conditions for adaptive cultural evolution.

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Mangubhai, Sangeeta, and Ruci Lumelume. "Achieving forest conservation in Fiji through payment for ecosystem services schemes." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 4 (2019): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18057.

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Most forests in Fiji are on native land owned by communities with tenure rights that are held largely with clans. Although there are examples in Fiji of local communities setting up conservation areas to protect their valuable forest resources, many are under pressure to issue leases to logging or mining companies for much-needed income. With inadequate legislation and government resources to secure the long-term protection of natural forests, conservation practitioners are looking at alternative models for establishing forest conservation areas in Fiji. One such model is the application of a forest payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme to deliver both ecological and socioeconomic outcomes for local communities. A case study from Kilaka village, Fiji, is presented where the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has worked with traditional land owners to secure a 99-year conservation lease for 402ha of pristine native forest in Vanua Levu. The lease, which was brokered through the government iTaukei Land Trust Board, provides an alternative source of income to logging and mining. The management plan which is nested within a larger ecosystem-based management plan for the district, sets out the comanagement arrangements between the community and WCS, with the day-to-day management of the forest, enforcement, monitoring and evaluation led by the traditional landowning clan. This PES model and co-management arrangement has potential for replication to other priority forest areas to meet Fiji’s obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity, but at an estimated financial cost ranging from US$69.0–287.8 million.

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Pratt, Stephen, Scott McCabe, and Apisalome Movono. "Gross happiness of a 'tourism' village in Fiji." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 5, no. 1 (March 2016): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.001.

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SOFER, MICHAEL. "LABOUR CIRCULATION AND THE VILLAGE ECONOMY IN FIJI 1." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 13, no. 2 (December 1992): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00217.x.

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Sofer, M. "Core–Periphery Structure in Fiji." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6, no. 1 (March 1988): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d060055.

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The central theme of this paper is that a core – periphery structure which was established in Fiji in colonial times has been maintained in the current independent state. The basic structure has not changed and the nature of the relationships between the capitalist mode of production (as the main component of the core) and the village-based mode of production (as a typical mode of the periphery) are supporting the already polarized economic pattern. The current major mechanisms which operate to maintain the basic structure are the pattern of capital allocation, internal migration, the preservation of the village mode of production, and the monopolistic position of the core. These major mechanisms do not differ significantly from past mechanisms although the specific details may vary somewhat. Changes within the structure may occur through a transformation process, in which some basic modification in the production relations and the production forces of the village mode of production may occur. This is regarded as progress and may improve the position of the periphery in relation to the core but does not cause any change of the basic structure.

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Prasad, R. D., R. C. Bansal, and M. Sauturaga. "Economic analysis for a wind turbine in Vadravadra Village in Fiji." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management 4, no. 1/2 (2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2009.023246.

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Hedges, Robert, Elaine Rush, and William Aalbersberg. "Correspondence between human diet, body composition and stable isotopic composition of hair and breath in Fijian villagers." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 45, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256010802522010.

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Salem, Saber, and Armin Rosencranz. "Climate-Induced Mass Relocation in Fiji." Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 4-5 (March 12, 2021): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200240.

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Climate change is, undeniably, a global phenomenon, which requires timely and sincere global efforts and commitments to save the planet before it is too late. The island nations in the blue Pacific region are arguably experiencing the destructive nature of climate change more than any other nation in the world. Scientists warn that this slow-motion phenomenon is claiming entire nations, which will not exist on the face of the earth as early as next century. Sea-level rise is one of the biggest existential threats that the region is facing. Countries such as Tuvalu, Kiribati and Marshall Islands have already started sinking with their citizens looking for alternative countries. In Fiji, more than 200 low-lying villages are at risk of sinking and the government hopes to relocate these communities to higher ground, despite the pressure this would place on its weak economy. The relocatees will lose their most precious commodity, the land, which is their identity, status and source of survival. The other most precious commodity to which they attach a sense of belonging and will be lost for life are their ancestral homes, culture and traditional way of life. The relocation plan also creates distance between people and the sea, which is the source of their food. This article argues that despite being considered an effective adaptation mechanism to climate change, the relocation plan is facing multiple hurdles. The plan is far beyond the financial capacity and technical prowess of the Fijian government. The other possible alternative to mass relocation is strengthening the locally-made seawalls into strong durable structures, which can withstand the strength of cyclones and be an effective barrier to further shoreline erosion. The small island developing nations of the Pacific region will need financial and technical assistance from the industrialised nations to implement such a project successfully.

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SAKAGAMI, Mitsuko, Noriko ANDO, and Masamitsu OGIHARA. "Traditional Factors and Modernization of Village Layout and House Style in Fiji." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 17, no. 2 (1998): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.17.95.

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Wei, S. "IMPROVING LIVELIHOODS THROUGH FLORICULTURE OUT-GROWING SCHEME - THE KOROIPITA VILLAGE IN FIJI." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1006 (September 2013): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.1006.51.

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Robie, David, and Jim Marbrook. "Bearing Witness: A Pacific Climate Crisis Documentary and Journalism Development Project." Asia Pacific Media Educator 30, no. 1 (June 2020): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x20945417.

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A three-year Pacific climate research and storytelling documentary and journalism project has contributed to a disruption and renewal theme in Pacific Island Countries development. Focused initially on Fiji, the project has involved three pairs of postgraduate students engaging with climate crisis challenges. Responding originally to the devastation and tragedy wrought in Fiji by Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston in 2016, the Pacific Media Centre embarked on the Bearing Witness journalism project by sending two postgraduate students to Viti Levu to document and report on the impact of climate change (Robie & Chand, 2017). Their main component was a multimedia report on Daku village in the Rewa River delta area. This was followed in 2017 with a series of reports leading to a multimedia package on the relocation of the remote inland village of Tukuraki (Robie, 2018). The third episode focused far more strongly on documentary with reports on waka navigation and climate change, the ‘ghost village’ of Vunidogoloa and a ‘homecoming’ short feature about the Banaban people of Rabi and the impact on them caused by climate change. The project explores Friere’s notions of ‘critical consciousness’ as they might relate to teaching documentary-making and also draw on the concept of talanoa journalism.

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Pearce, Tristan, Renee Currenti, Asinate Mateiwai, and Brendan Doran. "Adaptation to climate change and freshwater resources in Vusama village, Viti Levu, Fiji." Regional Environmental Change 18, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1222-5.

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Purcell, Steven W., Watisoni Lalavanua, Brian R. Cullis, and Nicole Cocks. "Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy036.

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Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.

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Hardy, Myra, Josaia Samuela, Mike Kama, Meciusela Tuicakau, Lucia Romani, Margot J. Whitfeld, Christopher L. King, et al. "Individual Efficacy and Community Impact of Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine, and Albendazole Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Control in Fiji: A Cluster Randomized Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab202.

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Abstract Background Bancroftian filariasis remains endemic in Fiji despite >10 years of mass drug administration (MDA) using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (DA). The addition of ivermectin to this combination (IDA) has improved efficacy of microfilarial clearance at 12 months in individually randomized trials in nocturnal transmission settings, but impact in a setting of diurnally subperiodic filarial transmission has not been evaluated. Methods This cluster randomized study compared the individual efficacy and community impact of IDA vs DA as MDA for lymphatic filariasis in 35 villages on 2 islands of Fiji. Participants were tested at enrollment for circulating filarial antigen and, if positive, for microfilariae. Weight-dosed treatment was offered according to village randomization. Communities were visited at 12 months and retested for lymphatic filariasis. Infected individuals from Rotuma were retested at 24 months. Results A total of 3816 participants were enrolled and 3616 were treated. At 12 months, microfilariae clearance was achieved in 72 of 111 participants detected with infection at baseline, with no difference in efficacy between treatment groups: DA, 69.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.2%–79.1%) vs IDA, 62.5% (95% CI, 43.6%–78.2%); risk difference, 11.3 % (95% CI, –10% to 32.7%); P = .30. There was no difference between treatment groups in community prevalence of microfilariae at 12 months or individual clearance at 24 months. Conclusions We found no difference between IDA and DA in individual clearance or community prevalence of lymphatic filariasis at 12 months, and no improved efficacy following a second annual round of IDA. Possible explanations for the apparent lack of benefit of IDA compared to DA include drug and parasite factors affecting clearance, and higher than expected reinfection rates. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03177993 and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: N12617000738325.

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Vatukela, Jese R. "Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team’s (FEMAT) Response to Tropical Cyclone Yasa, Fiji." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S2 (November 2022): s94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22001935.

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Background/Introduction:Tropical Cyclone Yasa made landfall on Fiji’s main islands as a Category 5 cyclone on December 17, 2020 causing an immense impact on the health system with damages to health infrastructure amounting to 1.2 million USD.1 FEMAT was activated to assess and assist with disaster response in the greatly impacted Northern and Eastern Divisions of Fiji.Objectives:To describe FEMAT’s response to Tropical Cyclone Yasa.Method/Description:FEMAT’s response to TC Yasa included community assessments, provision of medical supplies and temporary tents for health facilities, and coordinating the distribution of WASH kits. FEMAT’s Health Emergency Response Team (HERT) was mobilized and provided surveillance support and medical care in Evacuation Centers (EC) treating the injured and sick. Health inspectors were deployed with FEMAT to provide food safety surveillance and management of dead animals near and in water sources.Results/Outcomes:Four mobile FEMAT teams were deployed during the TC Yasa response for 17 days over the Christmas and New Year holidays. Teams were composed of physicians, nurses, and health inspectors, and were provided with vehicles stocked with medications, medical supplies, food, and tents. 354 different communities were visited by FEMAT HERT teams, including five islands, 170 villages, 167 settlements, four estates, and eight evacuation centers. 1,172 out-patient medical encounters were recorded. Over 110 sites were treated for potential vectors by spraying and disinfection.Conclusion:FEMAT operationalized a small, mobile medical teams approach to respond to Category 5 tropical cyclone that impacted Fiji in December of 2020.

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McMichael, Celia, Manasa Katonivualiku, and Teresia Powell. "Planned relocation and everyday agency in low‐lying coastal villages in Fiji." Geographical Journal 185, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12312.

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Naica, Ilaisa, and Carmen Ferreira. "Freshwater accessibility and challenges in rural areas of Fiji: a case study of Kalabu Village." GOT - Geography and Spatial Planning Journal 1, no. 9 (June 30, 2016): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2016.9.010.

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Singh, Ashneel Ajay, Anish Maharaj, and Priyatma Singh. "Benthic Resource Baseline Mapping of Cakaunisasi and Yarawa Reef Ecosystem in the Ba Region of Fiji." Water 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040468.

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Coastal habitats form a critical source of livelihood for a large number of inhabitants in Fiji. The absence of historical and baseline information creates a significant challenge in effectively designing suitable management plans. This study aimed at developing reliable benthic cover maps of village intertidal resource harvest areas (Cakaunisasi and Yarawa reefs) and anthropogenic perceptions of Votua Village in the Ba region of Fiji for better resource management planning and monitoring. Images captured by the WorldView2 satellite were used as a base for mapping out the resources. Data logging on-site, Global Positioning System (GPS) recordings, local interviews and high-resolution video capturing were utilised for ground-truthing techniques. Six classes of benthic cover were identified, which included algae, coral, sand and gravel, buried reef, coral rubble and seagrass. Accuracy assessment and supervised classification were done using ground reference points. There was an existing marine protected area (MPA) on the Yarawa reef, which did not seem to be working as well as anticipated by observing the habitat maps of the two reefs. Baseline maps constructed here and possibly ecosystem maps can allow for monitoring of the existing MPA as well as the formation of a new and more informed MPA. The maps generated in this study serve as baseline information about resource distribution on Cakaunisasi and Yarawa reefs to inform management decisions.

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Hoare, Frank. "Community Polarization Around Cultural Adaptation in the Liturgy in a Fiji Indian Catholic Community." Mission Studies 18, no. 1 (2001): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338301x00108.

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AbstractIn this essay, veteran Columban missionary Frank Hoare analyzes a dispute in the Fiji Indian community over the possibilities of employing hierarchically-approved, Indian adaptations to the Liturgy in a parish in Fiji. Hoare suggests that at bottom the dispute was not only about popular religiosity versus official religious practice, nor was it even about the limits of syncretism in Christian faith and practice. Rather, it was a dispute that went to the heart of power and authority structures within several of the Fiji Indian villages in the parish. Ultimately, Hoare concludes, inculturation in the Fiji Indian context needs to go beyond importing practices from Indian Christianity and translating Hindu practices for use within Christian contexts: "... a true and deep inculturation cannot result from borrowing forms from India, even if approved by ecclesiastical authorities, but will only come about through ongoing dialogue with the Fiji Indian Catholics as they try to hear and understand the gospel faith which transcends all cultures and express it in symbols and forms of their lived experience."

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fijian village'

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