Journal articles: 'Fields of Research – 210000 Science-General'

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Klebanov, Beata Beigman, Daniel Diermeier, and Eyal Beigman. "Automatic Annotation of Semantic Fields for Political Science Research." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 5, no. 1 (July 14, 2008): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19331680802149640.

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Temuujin, Jadambaa, Damdinsuren Munkhtuvshin, and Claus H. Ruescher. "The Latest Research in Mongolia on the Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products." Solid State Phenomena 323 (August 30, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.323.8.

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With a geological reserve of over 170 billion tons, coal is the most abundant energy source in Mongolia with six operating thermal power stations. Moreover, in Ulaanbaatar city over 210000 families live in the Ger district and use over 800000 tons of coal as a fuel. The three thermal power plants in Ulaanbaatar burn about 5 million tons of coal, resulting in more than 500000 tons of coal combustion by-products per year. Globally, the ashes produced by thermal power plants, boilers, and single ovens pose serious environmental problems. The utilization of various types of waste is one of the factors determining the sustainability of cities. Therefore, the processing of wastes for re-use or disposal is a critical topic in waste management and materials research. According to research, the Mongolian capital city's air and soil quality has reached a disastrous level. The main reasons for air pollution in Ulaanbaatar are reported as being coal-fired stoves of the Ger residential district, thermal power stations, small and medium-sized low-pressure furnaces, and motor vehicles. Previously, coal ashes have been used to prepare advanced materials such as glass-ceramics with the hardness of 6.35 GPa, geopolymer concrete with compressive strength of over 30 MPa and zeolite A with a Cr (III) removal capacity of 35.8 mg/g. Here we discuss our latest results on the utilization of fly ash for preparation of a cement stabilized base layer for paved roads, mechanically activated fly ash for use in concrete production, and coal ash from the Ger district for preparation of an adsorbent. An addition of 20% fly ash to 5-8% cement made from a mixture of road base gave a compressive strength of ~ 4MPa, which exceeds the standard. Using coal ashes from Ger district prepared a new type of adsorbent material capable of removing various organic pollutants from tannery water was developed. This ash also showed weak leaching characteristics in water and acidic environment, which opens up an excellent opportunity to utilize.

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Wang, Feng Hu, Meng Ying Zhen, Jian Ping Sun, and Xiao Dong Zhu. "The Application of Fractal Theory in Wood Science Research." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.801.

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This article introduces the fractal theory and its applications in wood fracture、wood texture、wood drying 、wood defect nondestructive detecting and other fields in wood science researching, among which many researching results are characterised by fractal dimension. While the methods in other fields which fractal were used in their researches were refered , the writer attempts to apply them in wood science researches.At last the new viewpoints and its applications were proposed.

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Kuznetsov, N. Yu. "On some fields of research initiated by academician I. N. Kovalenko." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 46, no. 3 (May 2010): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-010-9218-x.

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Cui, Wei, Bao Gang Zhao, Yang Liu, Si Yu Qian, Jia Ye, Hai Feng Yang, and Ya Jun Li. "A Research of CIM Model in Education Fields." Advanced Materials Research 267 (June 2011): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.64.

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This article has been supported by Chinese National Natural Science Fund in 2010, “Strategy research of using supply chain partner’s knowledge in enterprise knowledge creation process”, Project approving code: 71072124. It was also supported by Fund of Liaoning Province reform of higher education "Research of service outsourcing personnel training mode" in 2007, Fund of Dalian Science and Technology Plan "Research of ways expanding Dalian outsourcing service industry market" in 2008, Fund of Dalian Science and Technology Plan "Research of Dalian comprehensive prediction system of electric power and energy" in 2009, Fund of Chongqing Electric Power Corporation "Research of Chongqing comprehensive prediction system of electric power and energy" in 2008 and Project of Dalian Maritime University reform of graduate education and teaching “Construction of teaching content system of Management Science and Engineering based on the platform of motion and internet of things ” in 2010.

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Yao, Maosheng. "Bioaerosol: A bridge and opportunity for many scientific research fields." Journal of Aerosol Science 115 (January 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.07.010.

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Bordons, Maria, and M. A. Zulueta. "Comparison of research team activity in two biomedical fields." Scientometrics 40, no. 3 (November 1997): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459290.

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Yang, Jingjing, Fenglong Wang, Huiqing Yuan, Lishu Zhang, Yanyan Jiang, Xue Zhang, Chao Liu, Li Chai, Hui Li, and Martina Stenzel. "Recent advances in ultra-small fluorescent Au nanoclusters toward oncological research." Nanoscale 11, no. 39 (2019): 17967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr04301b.

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Yuexuan, Yang, and Wu Daocheng. "Research shortcomings of fluorescent nanothermometers in biological and medical fields." Nanomedicine 15, no. 8 (April 2020): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2019-0416.

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Zhang, Dongyu, Minghao Zhang, Ciyuan Peng, Jason Jung, and Feng Xia. "Metaphor research in the 21st century: A bibliographic analysis." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis201109059z.

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Metaphor is widely used in human communication. The cohort of scholars studying metaphor in various fields is continuously growing, but very few work has been done in bibliographical analysis of metaphor research. This paper examines the advancements in metaphor research from 2000 to 2017. Using data retrieved from Microsoft Academic Graph and Web of Science, this paper makes a macro analysis of metaphor re search, and expounds the underlying patterns of its development. Taking into consideration sub-fields of metaphor research, the internal analysis of metaphor research is carried out from a micro perspective to reveal the evolution of research topics and the inherent relationships among them. This paper provides novel insights into the current state of the art of metaphor research as well as future trends in this field, which may spark new research interests in metaphor from both linguistic and interdisciplinary perspectives.

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Karunan, Kavitha, Hiran H. Lathabai, and Thara Prabhakaran. "Discovering interdisciplinary interactions between two research fields using citation networks." Scientometrics 113, no. 1 (August 4, 2017): 335–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2481-0.

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Kyvik, Svein, and Ingvild Reymert. "Research collaboration in groups and networks: differences across academic fields." Scientometrics 113, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2497-5.

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Khan, Arif, Nazim Choudhury, and Shahadat Uddin. "Few research fields play major role in interdisciplinary grant success." Scientometrics 119, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03043-w.

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Ravishankar, S., H. Zhang, and M. L. Kempkes. "Pulsed Electric Fields." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 5 (October 2008): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208100535.

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The concept of pulsed electric fields (PEF) was first proposed in 1967 to change the behavior or microorganisms. The electric field phenomenon was identified as membrane rupture theory in the 1980s. Increasing the membrane permeability led to the application of PEF assisted extraction of cellular content and transfer of genetic material across cell membrane. The lethal effects of PEF to microorganisms were studied in 1990s when laboratory and pilot plant equipment were developed to evaluate the effect of PEF as a nonthermal food process to provide consumers with microbiologically-safe and fresh-like quality foods. Application of high voltage electric field at a certain level for a very short time by PEF not only inactivates pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, but also results in the retention of flavor, aroma, nutrients, and color of foods. The first commercial PEF pasteurization of apple cider products took place in 2005 in the United States. This paper provides current information about PEF food processing and identifies a list of research needs to further develop PEF technology for food processing and preservation.

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Valiulis, Algirdas Vaclovas, and Jelena Škamat. "Advanced Materials Research and Technologies Development: Lithuanian Experience." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.210.

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Lithuania, as a small country, cannot afford creating new knowledge in all the fields of science. It is reasonable to firstly focus on those fields in which Lithuania already has scientific and industrial potential and that clearly declare the biggest demand for innovations as well as capability to invest into innovations. Research institutions here usually focus on fundamental research but both the revenues and the human resources of research institutions are rather poor. Dispersion of the Lithuanian potential of science and studies and the absence of critical mass represent the main reasons why R&D lacks effectiveness. The paper presents the main research fields and high-tech research institutions in Lithuania.

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Annette, Lucy. "International research delivers many rewards." Impact 2021, no. 6 (July 15, 2021): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.6.32.

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International collaboration in research is not a new concept, but as pressure on research funding increases, project applications for funding must deliver a comprehensive package of well-considered experimental design, impactful research focus and a world-class team. Collaborations with key international leaders in their fields are an excellent way of boosting the credentials of any project, increasing the chances of the group getting funding by opening up their pool of potential funders.

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Kiseleva, Tatiana, and Florian Wagener. "Bifurcations of Optimal Vector Fields." Mathematics of Operations Research 40, no. 1 (February 2015): 24–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2014.0655.

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Ryan, S. F., N. L. Adamson, A. Aktipis, L. K. Andersen, R. Austin, L. Barnes, M. R. Beasley, et al. "The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1891 (November 21, 2018): 20181977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1977.

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The power of citizen science to contribute to both science and society is gaining increased recognition, particularly in physics and biology. Although there is a long history of public engagement in agriculture and food science, the term ‘citizen science’ has rarely been applied to these efforts. Similarly, in the emerging field of citizen science, most new citizen science projects do not focus on food or agriculture. Here, we convened thought leaders from a broad range of fields related to citizen science, agriculture, and food science to highlight key opportunities for bridging these overlapping yet disconnected communities/fields and identify ways to leverage their respective strengths. Specifically, we show that (i) citizen science projects are addressing many grand challenges facing our food systems, as outlined by the United States National Institute of Food and Agriculture, as well as broader Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Development Programme, (ii) there exist emerging opportunities and unique challenges for citizen science in agriculture/food research, and (iii) the greatest opportunities for the development of citizen science projects in agriculture and food science will be gained by using the existing infrastructure and tools of Extension programmes and through the engagement of urban communities. Further, we argue there is no better time to foster greater collaboration between these fields given the trend of shrinking Extension programmes, the increasing need to apply innovative solutions to address rising demands on agricultural systems, and the exponential growth of the field of citizen science.

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Han, Chung-Souk. "On the demographical changes of U.S. research doctorate awardees and corresponding trends in research fields." Scientometrics 89, no. 3 (August 31, 2011): 845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0487-6.

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Webb, Thomas J., and Elvira S. Poloczanska. "Frontiers of marine science." Biology Letters 7, no. 3 (January 5, 2011): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1120.

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On 9–13 October 2010 early career scientists from the UK and Australia across marine research fields were given the opportunity to come together in Perth, Australia to discuss the frontiers of marine research and exchange ideas.

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Pires, Gabriel Natan, Sergio Tufik, Márcia Giovenardi, and Monica Levy Andersen. "Maternal behavior in basic science: translational research and clinical applicability." Einstein (São Paulo) 11, no. 2 (June 2013): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082013000200021.

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Clinical aspects of the mother-infant relationship and related issues are well studied and very relevant to medical practice. Nevertheless, some approaches in this context cannot plausibly be investigated in humans due to their ethical implications and to the potential harm to the mother's and child's health. Studies on maternal behavior in animals have evident importance to some clinical fields, such as psychiatry and psychology, particularly considering topics, including mother-infant relationship, postpartum depression, cognitive and behavioral development of children, and associated issues. Hence, this theoretical article draws attention to the clinical applicability of studies about maternal behavior in animals to psychobiology, taking into account a translational perspective.

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RissleR, Leslie J., Katherine L. Hale, Nina R. Joffe, and Nicholas M. Caruso. "Gender Differences in Grant Submissions across Science and Engineering Fields at the NSF." BioScience 70, no. 9 (July 29, 2020): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa072.

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Abstract There has been great growth in women's participation in the US academic doctoral workforce, but underrepresentation remains in all science and engineering fields, especially at high academic ranks. We obtained estimates of the numbers of professorial women and men in fields likely to seek funding from the National Science Foundation and aligned those numbers with each of six research directorates to investigate temporal trends in submission patterns. We found that women are as likely to be funded as men, but the percentage of women submitting proposals was less than expected in every field but engineering. Women are as likely as men to be employed at the most research active institutions, but women are less likely than men to self-report research as their primary work activity in almost all fields but engineering. This work imbalance ultimately limits the diversity of basic science research ideas in science and engineering.

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Bustami, Muhammad Fikry, and Defry Hamdhana. "Text Mining in Determining the Consistency of Lecturer Research on Science Discipline." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9149.

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This research is focused on evaluating the consistency of research conducted by lecturers on their scientific knowledge. With so many studies and diverse schemes, of course, it also produces varied research. Nevertheless, the quality of research is also the main focus of LPPM. To maintain this, one way to maintain the quality of research is to maintain the consistency of lecturers in researching following their scientific fields. Research that focuses on scientific fields will produce quality research. The products produced can also be accepted by the public and the market. in determining the consistency value of research conducted by lecturers on their scientific disciplines can be achieved with a text mining approach. Using mining and text analysis to gain insight into the topics of lecturer research, it can help writers detect the linear value of research with their field of science. TF-IDF algorithm can recognize the similarity of data in a query that has been stored as a data set. Big data sets greatly affect the success of the system in recognizing the consistency of lecturers’ research titles on their knowledge.

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Andersen, Jens Peter, and Björn Hammarfelt. "Price revisited: on the growth of dissertations in eight research fields." Scientometrics 88, no. 2 (May 19, 2011): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0408-8.

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Gorraiz, Juan, Christian Gumpenberger, and Thomas Glade. "On the bibliometric coordinates of four different research fields in Geography." Scientometrics 107, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): 873–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-1864-y.

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Barré, R. "Clustering research fields for macro-strategic analysis: A comparitive specialization approach." Scientometrics 23, no. 2 (February 1992): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02017046.

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Barré, R. "Clustering research fields for macro-strategic analysis: A comparative specialization approach." Scientometrics 22, no. 1 (September 1991): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02019277.

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Qin, Li-Hao, Yong-Qi Yan, Gan Yu, Zhao-Yi Zhang, Tuofu Zhama, and Hui Sun. "Research Progress of Transparent Electrode Materials with Sandwich Structure." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154097.

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The nonrenewable nature of fossil energy has led to a gradual decrease in reserves. Meanwhile, as society becomes increasingly aware of the severe pollution caused by fossil energy, the demand for clean energy, such as solar energy, is rising. Moreover, in recent years, electronic devices with screens, such as mobile phones and computers, have had increasingly higher requirements for light transmittance. Whether in solar cells or in the display elements of electronic devices, transparent conductive films directly affect the performance of these devices as a cover layer. In this context, the development of transparent electrodes with low sheet resistance and high light transmittance has become one of the most urgent issues in related fields. At the same time, conventional electrodes can no longer meet the needs of some of the current flexible devices. Because of the high sheet resistance, poor light transmittance, and poor bending stability of the conventional tin-doped indium tin oxide conductive film and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent conductive glass, there is a need to find alternatives with better performance. In this article, the progress of research on transparent electrode materials with sandwich structures and their advantages is reviewed according to the classification of conductive materials to provide reference for research in related fields.

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Santagiuliana, Raffaella, Massimo Fabris, and Bernhard Aribo Schrefler. "Subsidence above depleted gas fields." Engineering Computations 32, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 863–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-12-2013-0308.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to give an explanation of the new data available about surface subsidence above the depleted gas reservoir Ravenna Terra. These data confirm the existence after end of exploitation of a reversed subsidence bowl with minimum subsidence above the reservoir, as opposed to conventional subsidence bowls during exploitation which show maximum subsidence in the same location. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses these new data about the existence after end of exploitation of a reversed subsidence bowl. The observed behaviour is reproduced successfully with a fully coupled two phase flow code in deforming reservoir rocks which incorporates a constitutive model for partially saturated porous media. Findings – The paper provides successful simulations. These allow affirming with confidence that the explanation for the peculiar behaviour is reservoir flooding and partially saturated rock behaviour. Research limitations/implications – Further research: other case studies where similar behaviour is expected, e.g. Ekofisk. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for better management of reservoir exploitation schedules to minimize the observed phenomenon. Originality/value – This paper explains the peculiar behaviour of subsidence above the depleted gas reservoir Ravenna Terra and confirms the conjecture that constitutive behaviour of partially saturated rocks is the origin of the observed phenomenon.

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Bartol, Tomaz, Gordana Budimir, Doris Dekleva-Smrekar, Miro Pusnik, and Primoz Juznic. "Assessment of research fields in Scopus and Web of Science in the view of national research evaluation in Slovenia." Scientometrics 98, no. 2 (October 6, 2013): 1491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1148-8.

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Wan, Qiu Ming. "Research Progress in Physical Properties and Structural Design of Metamaterials." Materials Science Forum 1027 (April 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1027.22.

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The metamaterial is a composite material with reasonable design. Its effective material parameters exceed the effective parameters of component materials, which shows unique properties. The concept of metamaterials has been put forward since 1960s. Nowadays, it almost involves all possible aspects of solids, from the fields of electromagnetism and optics, and mechanics and acoustics to thermology, information and other fields, and there are many research results reported, such as linear and nonlinear, reciprocal and non-reciprocal, steady and unsteady state, active and passive and so on. In this review, we start from the basics, mainly discussing the basic scope and performance characteristics of the metamaterials in optics, electromagnetism, acoustics, thermology and other emerging fields, summarizing the development process and the latest progress of theoretical design as well as experimental practices, making expectations and prospects for the future targets.

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Davidesco, Ido, and Catherine Milne. "Implementing Cognitive Science and Discipline-Based Education Research in the Undergraduate Science Classroom." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 3 (September 2019): es4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-12-0240.

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Cognitive science research on learning and instruction is often not directly connected to discipline-based research. In an effort to narrow this gap, this essay integrates research from both fields on five learning and instruction strategies: active retrieval, distributed (spaced) learning, dual coding, concrete examples, and feedback and assessment. These strategies can significantly enhance the effectiveness of science instruction, but they typically do not find their way into the undergraduate classroom. The implementation of these strategies is illustrated through an undergraduate science course for nonmajors called Science in Our Lives. This course provides students with opportunities to use scientific information to solve real-world problems and view science as part of everyday life.

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Yang, Chih-Hui, Shu-Ling Huang, Yi-Ting Wang, Chun-Ho Chang, Ya-Chi Tsai, Yu-Mei Lin, Yuan-Yi Lu, Yung-Sheng Lin, and Keng-Shiang Huang. "Applications of Advanced Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Research." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3944.

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Nanotechnology gives rise to new breakthroughs and developments in various fields. The applications of advanced nanotechnology may resolve the current technical problems encountered in stem cell research. Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in both academic research and the biomedical industry in recent years. In this mini-review article, the progress of nanotechnology-aided stem cell studies has been surveyed, and the in vitro and in vivo applications of nanotechnology have been introduced. The in vitro studies are divided into three categories: isolation, detection, and regulation. The progress of in vivo studies and trends in biomedical applications have also been addressed.

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Zhao, Wenchuan, Yu Zhang, and Ning Wang. "Soft Robotics: Research, Challenges, and Prospects." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0045.

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The soft robot is a kind of continuum robot, which is mainly made of soft elastic material or malleable material. It can be continuously deformed in a limited space, and can obtain energy in large bending or high curvature distortion. It has obvious advantages such as high security of human-computer interaction, strong adaptability of unstructured environment, high driving efficiency, low maintenance cost, etc. It has wide application prospects in the fields of industrial production, defense military, medical rehabilitation, exploration, and so on. From the perspective of the bionic mechanism, this paper introduces the soft robots corresponding to insect crawling, snake crawling, fish swimming, elephant trunk, arm, etc. According to different driving modes, the soft robots can be classified into pneumatic-hydraulic driven, intelligent material driven, chemical reaction driven, and so on. The mechanical modeling, control strategy, material, and manufacturing methods of soft robot are summarized, and the application fields of soft robot are introduced. This paper analyzes the main challenges faced by the research on the key technologies of soft robots, summarizes and analyzes them, and puts forward the prospects for the future research of soft robots. The development trend of the future is to develop the soft robot with the characteristics of micro-scale, rigid-flexible coupling, variable stiffness, multi-functional, high integration, and intelligence of driving sensor control.

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Heino, Jani, Janne Alahuhta, Terhi Ala-Hulkko, Harri Antikainen, Luis Mauricio Bini, Núria Bonada, Thibault Datry, et al. "Integrating dispersal proxies in ecological and environmental research in the freshwater realm." Environmental Reviews 25, no. 3 (September 2017): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0110.

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Dispersal is one of the key mechanisms affecting the distribution of individuals, populations, and communities in nature. Despite advances in the study of single species, it has been notoriously difficult to account for dispersal in multispecies metacommunities, where it potentially has strong effects on community structure beyond those of local environmental conditions. Dispersal should thus be directly integrated in both basic and applied research by using proxies. Here, we review the use of proxies in the current metacommunity research, suggest new proxies, and discuss how proxies could be used in community modelling, particularly in freshwater systems. We suggest that while traditional proxies may still be useful, proxies formerly utilized in transport geography may provide useful novel insights into the structuring of biological communities in freshwater systems. We also suggest that understanding the utility of such proxies for dispersal in metacommunities is highly important for many applied fields such as freshwater bioassessment, conservation planning, and recolonization research in the context of restoration ecology. These research fields have often ignored spatial dynamics and focused mostly on local environmental conditions and changes therein. Yet, the conclusions of these applied studies may change considerably if dispersal is taken into account.

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Abramo, Giovanni, Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo, and Flavia Di Costa. "Does the geographic proximity effect on knowledge spillovers vary across research fields?" Scientometrics 123, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 1021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03411-x.

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Rizzuto, Carlo. "The ERIC Consortium a new type of EU research institution." Europhysics News 51, no. 3 (May 2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2020305.

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The European Research Infrastructure Consortia (ERICs) are changing the landscape of the European Research Area. ERICs are set-up by EU Community law to establish and operate open access Research Infrastructures in all fields of science, based on national and international funding. The 20 + ERICs have now a major impact in extensive fields of research.

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Iwami, Shino, Arto Ojala, Chihiro Watanabe, and Pekka Neittaanmäki. "A bibliometric approach to finding fields that co-evolved with information technology." Scientometrics 122, no. 1 (November 9, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03284-9.

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Abstract Among the declining industries, for example music industry, some have been revived by information technology (IT). At the same time, in academic fields, some have expected co-evolutions between IT and other fields to cause the resurgence of either field. In this research, the clustering of citation networks with 14,438 academic papers resulted in the identification of 28 academic fields in the areas “Computer Science” or “Information Science and Library Science.” Co-evolutions between these 28 fields and citing fields to the 28 fields were evaluated by an investigation of contents; a methodology to search co-evolutions was also proposed. This paper proposes that pairs of academic fields (with both high correlation and high dissimilarity) co-evolve, and some co-evolving pairs of academic fields were found. This research contributes to the discovery of the co-evolution between academic fields.

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Arbulu, Markel, Olatz Grijalba, and Xabat Oregi. "Analysis of Energy Retrofit Assessment Methodologies in Buildings by European Research Projects." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0019.

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Abstract Energy retrofit of existing buildings is one of the main keys to achieve European Union’s decarbonising objectives defined in the European Green Deal. In order to proceed into them, European policy has been adapted and several research projects are developed. The aim of this paper is to analyse the assessment methodology of the research projects, setting up the overview of the assessed fields and the criteria followed to perform and evaluate each project. As working methodology, 18 projects have been studied, firstly characterising by the main parameters and afterwards analysing the assessment followed by each one. This analysis is decomposed into five parameters: the assessment scope, reflecting the fields covered by the project’s assessment; data source, the nature of the data; verification, use of data verification strategies; and implementation of life cycle thinking in the assessment methodology. The research shows that although the projects have their bases in the EU energetic targets they also cover a wider scope, assessing many fields and combining many sources of data. However, despite the large knowledge already defined by many projects, there is a lack of global and complete roadmap to be followed.

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Whitesides, George M., and Amy P. Wong. "The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 1 (January 2006): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.2.

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AbstractThis article is based on the plenary address given by George M. Whitesides of Harvard University on March 30, 2005, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Materials science and biomedicine are arguably two of the most exciting fields in science today. Research at the border between them will inevitably be a major focus, and the applications of materials science to problems in biomedicine—that is, biomaterials science—will bud into an important new branch of materials science. Accelerating the growth of this area requires an understanding of two very different fields, and being both thoughtful and entrepreneurial in considering “Why?” “How?” and “Where?” to put them together. In this fusion, biomedicine will, we believe, set the agenda; materials science will follow, and materials scientists must learn biology to be effective.

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Fahma, F., I. Febiyanti, N. Lisdayana, I. W. Arnata, and D. Sartika. "Nanocellulose as a new sustainable material for various applications: a review." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 109 (June 1, 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2624.

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Purpose: This paper presents a comprehensive review of nanocellulose and its application in several applications, including composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. Design/methodology/approach: General explanations about cellulose and nanocellulose have been described. Different types of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, bacterial nanocellulose) as well as their isolation processes (mechanical process, chemical process) have been reviewed. Several surface modifications have been explained to improve the dispersion of nanocellulose in non-polar polymers. The possible utilization of nanocellulose in composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields have also been analysed. Findings: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. In the composite field, nanocellulose can be used as a reinforcing agent which increases the mehcnical properties such as tensile strength and toughness, and thermal stability of the final composites. In the biomedical field, nanocellulose is reinforced into hydrogel or composites which will be produced as tissue scaffolding, wound dressing, etc. It is found that the addition of nanocellulose can extend and control the drug release. While in the packaging field, nanocellulose is added into a biopolymer to improve the barrier properties and decrease the water and oxygen vapor transmission rates. Research limitations/implications: Nanocellulose has a hydrophilic nature, thus making it agglomerated and difficult to disperse in most non-polar polymers. Therefore, certain surface modification of nanocellulose are required prior to the preparation of composites or hydrogels.Practical implications: Further research regarding the toxicity of nanocellulose needs to be investigated, especially when applying it in the biomedical and food packaging fields. Originality/value: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields.

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Scheidsteger, Thomas, and Robin Haunschild. "Telling the story of solar energy meteorology into the satellite era by applying (co-citation) reference publication year spectroscopy." Scientometrics 125, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 1159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03597-0.

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AbstractStudying the history of research fields by analyzing publication records and topical and/or keyword searches with reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) has been introduced as a powerful tool to identify the corresponding root publications. However, for some research fields (e.g., rather new and interdisciplinary fields) like solar energy meteorology, encompassing such research fields via a keyword- or topic-based search query is not feasible to get a reasonably exhaustive publication set. Therefore, we apply its variant RPYS-CO to all publications co-cited with two highly important marker papers, using the cited references explorer for inspecting the RPYS-CO results. We obtain two lists of seminal papers, which are able to adequately tell us the story of solar energy meteorology up to the 1990s, respectively in its subfield using satellite-based methods for solar irradiance estimation even to very recent years. Consequently, we recommend this method to gain valuable insights in (new) research fields.

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Ohsato, Hitoshi. "Crystallography and R&D for Material Science from Our Research: Electroceramics." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.95.

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This article summarizes the work of the author’s lab based on crystallography. The topics are categorized in the following three fields: The first category is crystallographic analysis of materials, the second one is correlations between crystal structure and their properties, and the third one is crystallography for processing such as epitaxy, topotaxy and templates. The examples for these categories are: (1) multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC); (2) microwave dielectrics of tungstenbronze-type like solid solutions, and piezoelectric materials langasite (La3Ga5SiO14); (3) thin film growth of GaN or AlN on sapphire for example of epitaxy, hydroxy-apatite grown on diopside for topotaxy, and template growth of microwave dielectrics for template. Crystallography is useful in all studies, but is not almighty. Interdisciplinary study between crystallography and solid state physics is necessary to make clear the mechanism of the properties.

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Fouad, Nadya A., and Mercedes C. Santana. "SCCT and Underrepresented Populations in STEM Fields." Journal of Career Assessment 25, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072716658324.

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The authors review research that has used social cognitive career theory as a frame to investigate factors that may explain science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) choices and work decisions for women and racial–ethnic minorities, as well as barriers to their entry to STEM careers. The research is reviewed by age-groups. Most of this research has focused on factors associated with early choices (e.g., in high school and younger), but more recent work has focused on choices in college and in the workplace, particularly for women. The authors conclude with a critique and call for more research.

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Porter, Alan L., David J. Schoeneck, Jan Youtie, Gregg E. A. Solomon, Seokbeom Kwon, and Stephen F. Carley. "Learning about learning: patterns of sharing of research knowledge among Education, Border, and Cognitive Science fields." Scientometrics 118, no. 3 (January 19, 2019): 1093–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03012-3.

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Ceci, Stephen J., Donna K. Ginther, Shulamit Kahn, and Wendy M. Williams. "Women in Academic Science." Psychological Science in the Public Interest 15, no. 3 (November 3, 2014): 75–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100614541236.

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Much has been written in the past two decades about women in academic science careers, but this literature is contradictory. Many analyses have revealed a level playing field, with men and women faring equally, whereas other analyses have suggested numerous areas in which the playing field is not level. The only widely-agreed-upon conclusion is that women are underrepresented in college majors, graduate school programs, and the professoriate in those fields that are the most mathematically intensive, such as geoscience, engineering, economics, mathematics/computer science, and the physical sciences. In other scientific fields (psychology, life science, social science), women are found in much higher percentages. In this monograph, we undertake extensive life-course analyses comparing the trajectories of women and men in math-intensive fields with those of their counterparts in non-math-intensive fields in which women are close to parity with or even exceed the number of men. We begin by examining early-childhood differences in spatial processing and follow this through quantitative performance in middle childhood and adolescence, including high school coursework. We then focus on the transition of the sexes from high school to college major, then to graduate school, and, finally, to careers in academic science. The results of our myriad analyses reveal that early sex differences in spatial and mathematical reasoning need not stem from biological bases, that the gap between average female and male math ability is narrowing (suggesting strong environmental influences), and that sex differences in math ability at the right tail show variation over time and across nationalities, ethnicities, and other factors, indicating that the ratio of males to females at the right tail can and does change. We find that gender differences in attitudes toward and expectations about math careers and ability (controlling for actual ability) are evident by kindergarten and increase thereafter, leading to lower female propensities to major in math-intensive subjects in college but higher female propensities to major in non-math-intensive sciences, with overall science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors at 50% female for more than a decade. Post-college, although men with majors in math-intensive subjects have historically chosen and completed PhDs in these fields more often than women, the gap has recently narrowed by two thirds; among non-math-intensive STEM majors, women are more likely than men to go into health and other people-related occupations instead of pursuing PhDs. Importantly, of those who obtain doctorates in math-intensive fields, men and women entering the professoriate have equivalent access to tenure-track academic jobs in science, and they persist and are remunerated at comparable rates—with some caveats that we discuss. The transition from graduate programs to assistant professorships shows more pipeline leakage in the fields in which women are already very prevalent (psychology, life science, social science) than in the math-intensive fields in which they are underrepresented but in which the number of females holding assistant professorships is at least commensurate with (if not greater than) that of males. That is, invitations to interview for tenure-track positions in math-intensive fields—as well as actual employment offers—reveal that female PhD applicants fare at least as well as their male counterparts in math-intensive fields. Along these same lines, our analyses reveal that manuscript reviewing and grant funding are gender neutral: Male and female authors and principal investigators are equally likely to have their manuscripts accepted by journal editors and their grants funded, with only very occasional exceptions. There are no compelling sex differences in hours worked or average citations per publication, but there is an overall male advantage in productivity. We attempt to reconcile these results amid the disparate claims made regarding their causes, examining sex differences in citations, hours worked, and interests. We conclude by suggesting that although in the past, gender discrimination was an important cause of women’s underrepresentation in scientific academic careers, this claim has continued to be invoked after it has ceased being a valid cause of women’s underrepresentation in math-intensive fields. Consequently, current barriers to women’s full participation in mathematically intensive academic science fields are rooted in pre-college factors and the subsequent likelihood of majoring in these fields, and future research should focus on these barriers rather than misdirecting attention toward historical barriers that no longer account for women’s underrepresentation in academic science.

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Kline, Jaclyn N., and Asha S. Payne. "Improvement science is a partner in basic and clinical research." Journal of Investigative Medicine 68, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2019-001260.

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A breadth of time, effort, and resources are put into research. Improvement science is an applied science emphasizing rapid-cycle testing to learn about change and produce improvement. Its foundations lie in understanding your system, its parts and their relationships, and the psychology of change, yet the framework of improvement science is analogous to basic research. In basic research you first ask a question, then form a hypothesis based on background research. After testing this hypothesis, a researcher then draws conclusions and shares the results. In improvement science, researchers start the same, with asking a question, and then defining what is considered an improvement. Rapid-cycle tests of change are guided by subject matter experts and the people and processes involved. The data provided from these tests of change allow researchers to show improvement and share results. The success of improvement science is showcased through statistical process control charts, which inform when significant change has occurred. Improvement science can be applied across all fields of medicine; is a natural partner to basic and clinical research, as it plays a vital role in the implementation and adoption of the best evidence.

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YAŞAR, Okan. "INTERACTION OF SCIENCE PARADIGM, MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH METHODS." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.230.

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Science paradigms determine the way scientists view concepts, phenomena and events and the way they solve problems. Scientific research methods are naturally the result of scientific paradigms. It is inevitable that developments in science will affect scientific research methods and tools. In this study, fundamental paradigm changes in science and their reflections on management sciences and research methods are discussed. The developments in disciplines such as complexity, big data analytics and neuroscience, and the developments in management fields and the reflections of the emerging theories on research methods form the framework of the research. The areas subject to these developments can be characterized by "revolutionary science" within the framework defined by Kuhn. In the framework of new science, complexity, unpredictability, nonlinear systems, uncertain cause and effect relationships have been identified as prominent concepts from analytics to theory. As a result, it has been observed that control and planning functions in the management and organizational field lost their importance and autonomous organizations with uncertain vision were born. As a result of the research, it has been observed that in this age where information is instantly produced and consumed, research methods must also keep up with changes. The new dynamics require an explanation of the process rather than the estimation of outputs. The new science is in a holistic structure formed by the information produced by different disciplines such as physics and biology. The application areas of the new science show rapid development in the field of management as in every field. It is considered that the study will contribute to the researchers on subjects that do not have sufficient knowledge in the national literature.

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Burmin, V. Yu, and A. G. Fat’yanov. "Analytical modeling of wave fields at extremely long distances and experimental research of water waves." Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 45, no. 4 (April 2009): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1069351309040041.

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Yang, Guijun, and Soo-Jin Park. "Conventional and Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis and Application of Functional Materials: A Review." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071177.

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With the continuous development and progress of materials science, increasingly more attention has been paid to the new technology of powder synthesis and material preparation. The hydrothermal method is a promising liquid phase preparation technology that has developed rapidly during recent years. It is widely used in many fields, such as the piezoelectric, ferroelectric, ceramic powder, and oxide film fields. The hydrothermal method has resulted in many new methods during the long-term research process, such as adding other force fields to the hydrothermal condition reaction system. These force fields mainly include direct current, electric, magnetic (autoclaves composed of non-ferroelectric materials), and microwave fields. Among them, the microwave hydrothermal method, as an extension of the hydrothermal reaction, cleverly uses the microwave temperature to compensate for the lack of temperature in the hydrothermal method, allowing better practical application. This paper reviews the development of the hydrothermal and microwave hydrothermal methods, introduces their reaction mechanisms, and focuses on the practical application of the two methods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fields of Research – 210000 Science-General'

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