Journal articles on the topic 'Field Representative Lab Testing'
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Moreno-Gómez, Mara, Rubén Bueno-Marí, B. Thomas Carr, Gary R. Bowman, Genevieve W. Faherty, Carlota Gobbi, Julie M. Palm, Petra Van Sloun, and Miguel Ángel Miranda. "Two New Alternatives to the Conventional Arm-in-Cage Test for Assessing Topical Repellents." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab050.
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Abstract European guidelines for testing attractant and repellent efficacy (i.e., Product type 19 [PT19]) have been in revision since 2017. A key topic of discussion is the current approach to evaluating topical repellents. The European Chemical Agency has stated field testing should be avoided because of mosquito-borne disease risks. However, the most common laboratory method, the arm-in-cage (AIC) test, may limit the reliable extrapolation of lab results to field conditions. This study’s main goal was to assess alternative laboratory methods for evaluating topical mosquito repellents that use mosquito landing rates more representative of those in the field. The study took place at three European testing labs using 30 study participants per test and the mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894, Diptera: Culicidae). In phase 1, a conventional AIC test and a sleeved AIC test were performed. Respectively, the arm area exposed was 600 and 100 cm2, and cage volume was 0.040 and 0.064 m3. Mosquito density was the same for both: 1 female/840 cm3. In phase 2, room-based testing (40 ± 5 mosquitoes in 25–30 m3) was used as a proxy for field testing. The mosquito repellent employed was 15% N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in ethanol at two doses: 1 and 0.5 g/600 cm2. The protection times measured at each laboratory were analyzed both separately and together using nonparametric (Kruskal–Wallis) test. The two alternatives methods showed to be potential alternatives to the current AIC method recreated field mosquito landing rates and achieved reproducible protection times across laboratories.
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D’Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi. "Experimental Testing on an Effective Technique to Reconstruct the Far- Field Pattern of a Long Antenna from Near-Field Measurements Acquired via Spherical Spiral Scan." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010001.
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In this paper, the experimental validation of a fast and accurate near-field – far-field (NF–FF) transformation with spherical spiral scanning for elongated antennas is provided. Such a transformation relies on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, obtained by using the unified theory of spiral scans for nonspherical antennas and adopting a cylinder ended in two half-spheres to model long antennas. It allows a remarkable reduction of the measurement time due to the use of continuous and synchronized movements of the positioning systems and to the reduced number of needed NF measurements. In fact, the NF data required by the classical spherical NF–FF transformation are efficiently and accurately recovered from those collected along the spiral, by using an optimal sampling interpolation expansion. Experimental results, obtained at the Antenna Characterization Lab of the University of Salerno and assessing the effectiveness of such a NF–FF transformation, are shown.
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Brown, Grace E., and Salman R. Khetani. "Microfabrication of liver and heart tissues for drug development." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1750 (May 21, 2018): 20170225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0225.
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Drug-induced liver- and cardiotoxicity remain among the leading causes of preclinical and clinical drug attrition, marketplace drug withdrawals and black-box warnings on marketed drugs. Unfortunately, animal testing has proven to be insufficient for accurately predicting drug-induced liver- and cardiotoxicity across many drug classes, likely due to significant differences in tissue functions across species. Thus, the field of in vitro human tissue engineering has gained increasing importance over the last 10 years. Technologies such as protein micropatterning, microfluidics, three-dimensional scaffolds and bioprinting have revolutionized in vitro platforms as well as increased the long-term phenotypic stability of both primary cells and stem cell-derived differentiated cells. Here, we discuss advances in engineering approaches for constructing in vitro human liver and heart models with utility for drug development. Design features and validation data of representative models are presented to highlight major trends followed by the discussion of pending issues. Overall, bioengineered liver and heart models have significantly advanced our understanding of organ function and injury, which will prove useful for mitigating the risk of drug-induced organ toxicity to human patients, reducing animal usage for preclinical drug testing, aiding in the discovery of novel therapeutics against human diseases, and ultimately for applications in regenerative medicine. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.
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Assane, Mariamo, Debby Basu, Kenneth Landgraft, Isabel Pinto, Noorbebi Adamo, Admiro Macave, Augusto Nhabomba, and Octavia Benzane. "Training of Super Users Contributes to Productivity in Molecular Biology Laboratories in Mozambique." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz119.005.
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Abstract HIV viral suppression through antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has public health benefits in potentially reducing the risk of subsequent HIV transmissions. Mozambique has adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) “Test and Start” strategy, which assumes that all people who test positive for HIV start ARV treatment immediately. In order that treatment is guided by the respective HIV viral load (VL) test results, the MOH expanded the network of VL testing laboratories. About 26 VL testing instruments are now operational in the country. Although the increase in testing platforms increased VL tests performed, problems associated with errors, failures in user maintenance, and equipment malfunctions occur frequently. Delays in resolving equipment malfunctions contributed to lower laboratory productivity in certain periods of 2018. Therefore, the MOH, in coordination with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) and VL testing instrument manufacturers, provided targeted training for VL laboratory Super Users (SUs). The SUs are primarily composed of laboratory technicians representing all VL laboratories. Training focused on equipment maintenance, software configuration, and troubleshooting the most common instrument-related problems and errors. Following this training, the SUs worked as in-laboratory equipment supervisors, helping laboratory staff to better perform equipment maintenance procedures. Furthermore, they worked remotely with representatives and field technicians of the instrument manufacturers to resolve small problems, such as accessory replacement and adding new users to the systems, in their own laboratories. This has led to a reduction in the overall time to equipment repair, less reliance on external field technicians, and correspondingly increased overall lab productivity and workforce capacity building for VL laboratory SU.
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Stavropoulou, Eleni, and Lyesse Laloui. "Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2." Solid Earth 13, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1823–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022.
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Abstract. Caprock formations, such as shales, play a key role in safe underground CO2 storage since they serve as a hydromechanical barrier that prevents migration of the injected CO2 to the surface. While their hydromechanical response is important to ensure their sealing capacity, interaction with the injected CO2 involves additional thermo–hydro–chemo–mechanical (THCM) phenomena that may threaten the long-term integrity of the caprock. The low-transport properties of shales make them a suitable caprock material, but at the same time challenging to study due to the very long timescales (months/years) that are required for the various THCM processes to manifest. In this work, the long-term multiphysical interaction of the Opalinus Clay shale with liquid and supercritical CO2 is studied in 3D with live X-ray tomography. Three-dimensional analysis reveals the localised response of the coupled THCM processes that is often indistinguishable with conventional lab testing protocols. To improve spatial and temporal resolution while applying field-representative pressure and temperature conditions, small-sized samples are studied. Long-term injection of liquid CO2 resulted in significant fissuring of calcite-rich zones that were for the first time visualised and quantified from the X-ray images. Additionally, a re-arrangement of the pre-existing micro-fissures in the clay matrix was observed. The volumetric response during direct exposure of an Opalinus Clay sample to supercritical CO2 revealed an initial swelling at pre-fissured zones and initiation of new micro-fissures at areas of direct contact with the anhydrous CO2 due to pore water evaporation. Advanced 3D image analysis showed an increasing CO2 uptake in the caprock material with time, suggesting potential CO2 trapping in the material.
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Zimmer, Camille, Alexandra Cassivi, Celia C. Baía, Elizabeth Tilley, Robert Bain, Richard Johnston, and Caetano C. Dorea. "Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests." Environmental Health Insights 15 (January 2021): 117863022110144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302211014400.
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To monitor safely managed drinking water services, an increasing number of countries have integrated water quality testing for Escherichia coli into nationally-representative household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). However, plastic waste generated during such water quality testing programs, mostly through the use of pre-sterilized disposable materials, is non-negligible. The objective of this study was to evaluate several re-use protocols for disposable filter funnels used by the MICS water quality test kits. Decontamination and re-use protocols were assessed in centralized laboratory and decentralized field settings and neither yielded positive results. Re-use of 100 mL sterile funnels decontaminated with an alcohol wipe resulted in a higher incidence of false positive results (i.e., positive contamination when processing sterile water), both in the laboratory and field; therefore, a higher proportion of positives tests can be expected if these components are re-used. Further improvements to the decontamination technique and training are needed before material re-use can be reliably adopted. Autoclaving the funnels for re-use is feasible, provided that there is capacity to re-package and distribute funnels in a sterile manner.
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Faye, A., Z. P. Stewart, K. Ndung’u-Magiroi, M. Diouf, I. Ndoye, T. Diop, Y. Dalpé, P. V. V. Prasad, and D. Lesueur. "Testing of Commercial Inoculants to Enhance P Uptake and Grain Yield of Promiscuous Soybean in Kenya." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093803.
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The aim of this study was to assess the potential of commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and a rhizobial inoculant to improve soybean yield in Kenya. A promiscuous soybean variety was grown in a greenhouse pot study with two representative soils amended with either water-soluble mineral P or rock P to assess product performance. The performance of selected mycorrhizal inoculants combined with a rhizobial inoculant (Legumefix) was then assessed with farmer groups in three agroecological zones using a small-plot, randomized complete block design to assess soybean root colonization by mycorrhiza, nodulation, and plant biomass production in comparison to rhizobial inoculant alone or with water-soluble mineral P. Greenhouse results showed highly significant root colonization by commercial mycorrhizal inoculant alone (p < 0.001) and in interaction with soil type (p < 0.0001) and P source (p < 0.0001). However, no significant effect was shown in plant P uptake, biomass production, or leaf chlorophyll index. In field conditions, the effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone were highly context-specific and may induce either a significant increase or decrease in root mycorrhizal colonization and nodule formation. Mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone had limited effect on plant P uptake, biomass production, leaf chlorophyll index, and grain yield. Though some mycorrhizal inoculants induced significant root colonization by mycorrhizal inoculants, this did not lead to higher soybean yield, even in soils with limited P content. Our results are further evidence that inoculant type, soil type, and P source are critical factors to evaluate commercial inoculants on a context-specific basis. However, our results highlight the need for the identification of additional targeting criteria, as inoculant type, soil type, and P source alone were not enough to be predictive of the response. Without the identification of predictive criteria for improved targeting, the economic use of such inoculants will remain elusive.
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Johnson, Marla A., and Gary A. Burlingame. "Lab or Field Testing for Chloramine Residual?" Opflow 30, no. 7 (July 2004): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2004.tb02714.x.
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Snowberg, Erik, and Leeat Yariv. "Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools." American Economic Review 111, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 687–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181065.
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We leverage a large-scale incentivized survey eliciting behaviors from (almost) an entire undergraduate university student population, a representative sample of the US population, and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to address concerns about the external validity of experiments with student participants. Behavior in the student population offers bounds on behaviors in other populations, and correlations between behaviors are similar across samples. Furthermore, non-student samples exhibit higher levels of noise. Adding historical lab participation data, we find a small set of attributes over which lab participants differ from non-lab participants. An additional set of lab experiments shows no evidence of observer effects. (JEL C83, D90, D91)
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Coorevits, Lynn, Annabel Georges, and Dimitri Schuurman. "A Framework for Field Testing in Living Lab Innovation Projects." Technology Innovation Management Review 8, no. 12 (December 20, 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1204.
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Templer, Klaus J., and Stefan R. Lange. "Internet testing: Equivalence between proctored lab and unproctored field conditions." Computers in Human Behavior 24, no. 3 (May 2008): 1216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.006.
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Myers, David L., and B. Dean Arnold. "Electrets and filtration: Lab testing and field performance head to head." Filtration & Separation 42, no. 7 (September 2005): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(05)70624-8.
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Sivokon, I. S. "Material balance of corrosion inhibitors. Distribution at lab testing and field application." International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 2, no. 2 (2013): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2013-2-2-102-114.
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Drolet, Patrick, and Luc Duplessis. "100G Ethernet and OTU4 testing challenges: From the lab to the field." IEEE Communications Magazine 48, no. 7 (July 2010): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2010.5496881.
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Sauer, Juergen, Andreas Sonderegger, Klaus Heyden, Jasmin Biller, Julia Klotz, and Andreas Uebelbacher. "Extra-laboratorial usability tests: An empirical comparison of remote and classical field testing with lab testing." Applied Ergonomics 74 (January 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.011.
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Chen, Yixuan, Amin Bahrami, Nitish Kumar, Francesco P. Orfino, Monica Dutta, Erin Setzler, Alexander Agapov, and Erik Kjeang. "Effect of Test Conditions on Combined Chemo-Mechanical Membrane Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 41 (October 9, 2022): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02411526mtgabs.
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In dynamic automotive operation, the fuel cell membrane is subjected to various chemical and mechanical stresses [1,2] that cause degradation. Lab scale membrane durability study typically uses accelerated stress testing (AST) [3], which simulates the stresses experienced by the membrane during dynamic automotive operation, but at elevated stress level to generate representative degradation modes in a shorter timeframe. Membrane visualization is important in degradation studies to identify the root cause of failure. Recently, four-dimensional (4D) in-situ visualization by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) [4–8] has facilitated more insight through non-invasive 3D imaging of the MEA. Previous 4D in-situ visualization studies on small scale MEAs have successfully tracked the membrane degradation process under pure chemical [6], pure mechanical [4], and combined chemo-mechanical ASTs [7]. However, the results of such ASTs are sensitive to a variety of parameters related to fuel cell design and operating conditions. For instance, when combined chemo-mechanical membrane stresses were imposed on a small scale MEA [7], the major failure mode observed through 4D in-situ XCT visualization was wide membrane cracks, mainly driven by mechanical stresses, but membrane thinning [9,10], which indicates chemical degradation, was not clearly observed. This failure mode was comparable to field tested or OCV RH cycled cells [11], where membrane cracks appeared without major membrane thinning, but differed substantially from the original AST findings under combined chemical and mechanical stresses where major membrane thinning and fluoride release was observed [9,10]. Therefore, the reasons behind such differences in membrane failure mode warrant further investigation. The objective of this work is to improve the understanding of the effect of various operating conditions on the combined chemo-mechanical membrane degradation mechanism and associated membrane durability in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Small-scale fuel cells were subjected to a variable AST with alternating chemical and mechanical stress cycles and 4D in-situ XCT visualization [8]. Firstly, the root cause of mechanical stress dominating chemical stress in the previous work [7] was identified as RH being higher than the set point during the chemical phase due to heat loss, which reduced chemical stresses. Consequently, RH was selected as the target variable in the chemical phase to understand its impact on membrane degradation. Subsequent design mitigations were also made on the test hardware so that the cell temperature could be robustly controlled at elevated temperature to support accurate RH control. Meanwhile, the effects of gas flow rate and wet/dry phase duration during the mechanical RH cycling phase were also studied with the assistance of single frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which was used to continuously measure high frequency cell resistance (HFR) during RH cycling. Larger HFR swings between wet and dry phases were interpreted to represent larger amplitude of mechanical stress. It was found that reducing the cell RH during the chemical phase and maximizing the HFR swing during the mechanical phase can considerably affect the membrane failure mode and significantly reduce the test lifetime (8 cycles versus 32 cycles) compared to the previous study [7], as indicated in the attached figure. Analysis of selected planar and cross-sectional XCT images indicates that both membrane thinning and cracking were within the field of view investigated at EOL; therefore, the modified AST protocol was more efficient and chemo-mechanically balanced. Again comparing to the published results from Mukundan et al. [11], membrane failure mode in the present work after elevating chemical and mechanical stresses demonstrated combined degradation modes of both pure OCV and pure RH cycling ASTs, where membrane thinning and cracking appeared simultaneously. This result was also more consistent with COCV ASTs done by Lim et al. [9] and Sadeghi et al. [10] using larger scale technical cells. With reduced RH in chemical phase, membrane thinning became more significant. Although the membrane cracks were narrower and fewer in quantity compared to the previous work, they were formed much earlier. Future testing using this more robust and efficient chemo-mechanical degradation AST protocol on selected reinforced membranes is planned. Keywords: fuel cell; membrane durability; accelerated stress test; mechanical degradation; chemical degradation; X-ray computed tomography Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, Western Economic Diversification Canada, Ballard Power Systems, and W.L. Gore & Associates. This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program. Figure 1
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Östling, Robert, Joseph Tao-yi Wang, Eileen Y. Chou, and Colin F. Camerer. "Testing Game Theory in the Field: Swedish LUPI Lottery Games." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.3.1.
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Game theory is usually difficult to test in the field because predictions typically depend sensitively on features that are not controlled or observed. We conduct one such test using both laboratory and field data from the Swedish lowest unique positive integer (LUPI) game. In this game, players pick positive integers and whoever chooses the lowest unique number wins. Equilibrium predictions are derived assuming Poisson distributed population uncertainty. The field and lab data show similar patterns. Despite various deviations from equilibrium, there is a surprising degree of convergence toward equilibrium. Some deviations can be rationalized by a cognitive hierarchy model. (JEL C70, C93, D44, H27)
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Way, Evelyn. "Evaluating the reverberation chamber as a small room: How room dimensions affect the generalization of testing results." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015476.
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Testing acoustic properties is performed in specially designed reverberation chambers according to relevant ASTM, ISO, and other international standards. Performing this testing is complicated by the fact that practical considerations limit the size of the reverberation rooms. Where the dimensions of the room are similar in size to the wavelength of the frequency of interest, modal behavior becomes dominant, and the statistical analysis of room acoustics based on the diffuse sound field theory is not sufficient to characterize the sound field. However, standard methods implement formulas which assume a diffuse sound field to compare results from different labs. Using the Maxon Acoustics Lab, a purpose-built floor ceiling test lab comprised of two stacked, 300 m3 reverberation chambers, we will examine the various physical criteria for evaluating a theoretically diffuse sound field. Discussion will include historical debates concerning the validity of comparing measurements in different labs and an analysis of the Maxxon Lab through the lens of various methods for evaluating the acoustic environment in comparison to the statistical analysis for room acoustics. Methods will include analysis of modal density and distribution, sampling of the sound field per ASTM standards E90, E492, and C423, the Schroeder frequency, and other statistical analyses.
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Mohammadi, S., A. Weersink, J. van ′t Ende, and C. Struck. "Rotatable Smart TinyLab, a platform for testing integrated façades and indoor climate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012055.
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Abstract The new Smart TinyLab (STL) for system integration in the building industry is a lab where building partners and construction-related companies can develop, test, validate and demonstrate their products in practice to be as energy-efficient as possible to contribute to formulated CO2 emission reduction targets. STL is located near the Saxion University of Applied Sciences in Enschede and has been operationalized since the spring of 2021. In the lab, one can simulate and assess quantitatively the effect of building products, HVAC components, smart technologies, user-related aspects and the outdoor climate on energy consumption and indoor climate conditions. The lab allows the comparison between theoretical and practical characteristics and energy consumption figures. Together with partners from the construction industry, innovative products, devices and systems in a simulation and field test environment have been tested and validated. During STL′s start-up phase other tiny twin-labs with outdoor setups in Europe were compared. Turning the lab in its entirety to face or be averted from direct sunlight makes STL rather unique in its kind.
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Sun, Xu, and Andrew May. "A Comparison of Field-Based and Lab-Based Experiments to Evaluate User Experience of Personalised Mobile Devices." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619767.
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There is a growing debate in the literature regarding the tradeoffs between lab and field evaluation of mobile devices. This paper presents a comparison of field-based and lab-based experiments to evaluate user experience of personalised mobile devices at large sports events. A lab experiment is recommended when the testing focus is on the user interface and application-oriented usability related issues. However, the results suggest that a field experiment is more suitable for investigating a wider range of factors affecting the overall acceptability of the designed mobile service. Such factors include the system function and effects of actual usage contexts aspects. Where open and relaxed communication is important (e.g., where participant groups are naturally reticent to communicate), this is more readily promoted by the use of a field study.
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Savage-Knepshield, Pamela A. "Usability Testing: Making it Work for the Army." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 25 (October 2009): 1868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905302503.
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During an early formative usability test, representative end-users perform a set of tasks using a prototype or simulation of a system. While performing tasks and thinking aloud, a skilled specialist observes and takes notes recording how easily a participant performs the tasks and logging issues encountered. Sessions are conducted in a usability test lab, while interested parties watch from a separate observation room through a one-way mirror. Due to cost, schedule, and resource constraints many elements of conventional usability testing are not viable for use when testing equipment with Warfighters. To overcome these challenges and meet the needs of system developers, usability test procedures were modified and hybrid solutions developed. Descriptions and examples of these modifications are provided as are lessons learned and insights gained through their use during the course of seven usability tests.
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Goss, Matthew, Zhe Li, and Michael S. McLachlan. "A simple field-based biodegradation test shows pH to be an inadequately controlled parameter in laboratory biodegradation testing." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 4 (2020): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00491b.
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We developed a field-based biodegradation test based on OECD 309 which minimizes the need for laboratory resources. Significant differences in biodegradation rates were observed between parallel lab and field tests likely due to pH disparities.
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Xu, Tong, and George A. McMechan. "GPR attenuation and its numerical simulation in 2.5 dimensions." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 2 (March 1997): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444151.
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Modeling of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data in 2.5 dimensions is implemented by superposition of 2-D finite‐difference, time‐domain solutions of Maxwell's equations for different horizontal wavenumbers. Dielectric, magnetic, and conductive losses are included in a single formulation. Attenuations associated with dielectric and magnetic relaxations are introduced by superposition of Debye functions at a set of relaxation frequencies and using memory variables to replace convolutions between the field variables and the decay functions. Better fits to data may always be obtained using the superposition method than by the Cole‐Cole model. Good fits to both loss‐tangent versus frequency data from lab measurements, and to 500 and 900 MHz field GPR profiles of a buried pipe and the surrounding layers, demonstrate the flexibility and viability of the modeling algorithm. Discrepancies between lab and in‐situ measurements may be attributed to scale differences and local variations that make lab samples less representative of the site than the GPR profile.
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Leontiev, A. V., E. V. Rubtsova, and A. A. Skulkin. "Lab-scale simulation of hydraulic fracturing: some outcomes." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 3 (May 18, 2022): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-3-202-207.
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The paper describes the lab-scale physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in measurement holes. The tests were carried out using cubical polymethyl methacrylate specimens with faces of 200 mm. The open-end or dead-end holes with diameter of 12 mm were made in the test specimens. In the preset intervals in the holes, the longitudinal or latitudinal (ring-wise) slots with depths up to 3 mm were precut to initiate and orient created fractures. Hydrofracturing was carried out using prototype tools for sealing a test interval in a hole (packer-to-packer spacing) and to feed it with power fluid under pressure. The model specimens were tested under different triaxial loading conditions on a special testing machine. The representative cases of the created fracture growth in the model specimens were analyzed. The physical simulation outcomes can be used in formulation and solution of analytical problems on HF stress measurement, as well as to improve procedures and equipment involved in this method of stress control in underground mines.
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Schaeffer, David J., and Val R. Beasley. "Ecosystem health II. Quantifying and predicting ecosystem effects of toxic chemicals: Can mammalian testing be used for lab-to-field and field-to-lab extrapolations?" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(89)90068-8.
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Wei, Thomas E. "Sticks, Stones, Words, and Broken Bones." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 34, no. 4 (December 2012): 465–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373712452629.
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Stereotype threat is frequently purported to be an important determinant of gender gaps in math. Unlike prior studies, which mostly occur in lab settings, I use data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)—a large, representative assessment of U.S. children—where through a design quirk, students are randomly assigned test blocks, some of which include gender prime questions while others do not. I exploit this natural field experiment by comparing the gender gap in math scores of students receiving primes to those who do not. I find that girls actually perform better relative to boys for some primes (stereotype reactance) and no worse for others. These findings suggest that stereotype priming effects are relevant outside of lab settings, and that consistent with findings from a companion lab experiment and other lab studies from the stereotype literature, the effects appear to depend on the exact phrasing of the primes.
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Mai, A., J. A. Schuler, F. Fleischhauer, V. Nerlich, and A. Schuler. "Hexis and the SOFC System Galileo 1000 N: Experiences from Lab and Field Testing." ECS Transactions 68, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.0109ecst.
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Kasapović, Suad, Emir Skejić, and Tarik Huremović. "Testing the Data Protection Through Implementation of Secure Communication." B&H Electrical Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2021-0014.
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Abstract The security of using applications in cloud services and on the Internet is an important topic in the field of engineering. In this paper, two laboratory tests for data transmission protection, specifically designed for different security analysis techniques, are presented and explained. During lab tests on public Wi-Fi networks from the MIDM (“Man in the Middle”) attacks, various monitoring techniques were applied, using a special lab test scenario with Kali Linux penetration tools by creating an SSH tunnel on an Android mobile device. These test benches allow easy data capturing, and the captured data is processed using available software programs. Expected outcomes, practical improvement and security performance assessment are presented in detail, and considered in terms of their value in security engineering. The aim of this paper is to detect and overcome some of the weaknesses of the application of security protocols in a Wi-Fi network environment.
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Al-Khateeb, Ghazi, Xicheng Qi, Aroon Shenoy, Kevin Stuart, and Terry Mitchell. "Assessment of Aging at FHWA's Pavement Testing Facility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1940, no. 1 (January 2005): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194000116.
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Field cores were taken in 1995 and 2002 from eight asphalt pavements constructed in 1993 at FHWA's pavement testing facility to evaluate in situ pavement aging. Dynamic mechanical properties of these cores were evaluated by using the Superpave® shear tester. The moduli of aged pavements were also predicted from binder, aggregate, and mixture properties with available prediction models, and the aging severity levels of all pavements were compared between the lab-measured and model-predicted. Eight pavements with two polymer-modified and six unmodified binders were evaluated in this study. Polymer-modified asphalt pavements showed comparatively lower aging than unmodified asphalt pavements. For unmodified asphalt pavements, stiffer asphalts tended to have higher aging indices. The binder aging index was found to be inversely proportional to the loading frequency, and differences between the aging indices for different binders were higher at lower frequency. Comparison of lab-measured and model-predicted binder aging indices showed similar rankings for all binders. Low stiffness binders, for example, AC-5, showed higher aging indices than high stiffness binders, for example, Styrelf. Pavement depth significantly affected binder aging. The aging index near the surface (6.35 mm) was found to be about four to five times the aging index at a depth of 139.7 mm in pavement. Comparison of lab-measured and model-predicted mixture aging indices showed large variations, from overpredicted to quite underpredicted, depending on the binder type and nominal maximum aggregate size.
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Kanitpong, Kunnawee, Hussain Bahia, Jeffery Russell, and Robert Schmitt. "Predicting Field Permeability from Testing Hot-Mix Asphalt Specimens Produced by Superpave Gyratory Compactor." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1929, no. 1 (January 2005): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192900107.
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This study was conducted to develop laboratory and field permeability testing procedures for design and quality control of Superpave® mixtures in Wisconsin. Sixteen mixes including fine-graded and coarse-graded mixes were evaluated. The in-place field permeability was measured by using the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) device, field cores were taken for measuring permeability in the laboratory by using the ASTM D5084 method, and laboratory compaction was used to prepare and test samples from loose mixtures recovered from the field. Two compaction procedures called Method A and Method B were used in this study to produce Superpave gyratory compacted (SGC) specimens that have thickness, air voids, and aggregate orientation similar to the field cores. Result indicates that Method B, based on the use of Ndesign gyrations for different sample sizes, can be used to produce samples that give permeability values similar to values measured for field cores. Results of this study also indicate a good relationship between field permeability (using the NCAT device) and lab permeability measured on field cores of fine-graded mixes with the amount passing No. 8 sieve (P8) higher than 45%. However, the relationship between field permeability and lab permeability measured on field cores of coarse-graded mix (P8 lower than 40%) is poor. It is concluded that the NCAT permeability device could possibly be used in the field for fine-graded mix (with P8 higher than 45%). However, to measure the field permeability of coarse-graded mix (P8 lower than 40%), there appears to be no current alternative better than taking field cores and testing them in the laboratory. For estimating permeability during mixture design, a simple method for preparing and testing permeability of SGC specimens and interpolating based on expected field density is introduced.
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McCarthy, Alice. "Advancing the Field of Polygenic Risk Score Testing Applications from the lab to your smartphone." Inside Precision Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 44, 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ipm.09.02.12.
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Stewart, Steven, Michael McKee, Robert P. Berrens, Alok K. Bohara, and David Brookshire. "Parallelism in the Lab and the Field: Testing Robustness of the Minimum‐Contributing‐Set Mechanism." Pacific Economic Review 5, no. 3 (October 2000): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00114.
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Bianchessi, Marco, Sarah Burgarella, and Marco Cereda. "Point-of-Care Systems for Rapid DNA Quantification in Oncology." Tumori Journal 94, no. 2 (March 2008): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160809400214.
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The development of new powerful applications and the improvement in fabrication techniques are promising an explosive growth in lab-on-chip use in the upcoming future. As the demand reaches significant levels, the semiconductor industry may enter in the field, bringing its capability to produce complex devices in large volumes, high quality and low cost. The lab-on-chip concept, when applied to medicine, leads to the point-of-care concept, where simple, compact and cheap instruments allow diagnostic assays to be performed quickly by untrained personnel directly at the patient's side. In this paper, some practical and economical considerations are made to support the advantages of point-of-care testing. A series of promising technologies developed by STMicroelectronics on lab-on-chips is also presented, mature enough to enter in the common medical practice. The possible use of these techniques for cancer research, diagnosis and treatment are illustrated together with the benefits offered by their implementation in point-of-care testing.
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Suryanda, Ade, Rusdi Rusdi, and Dewi Kusumawati. "PENGEMBANGAN PRAKTIKUM VIRTUAL URINALISIS SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SISWA SMA KELAS XI." BIOSFER: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.10-1.1.
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Lab work has become one of the most important activities in learning Biology. Urinalysis requires special treatment because urinalysis using urine as a sample to be analyzed. There have been limitations in implementation of the lab work of urinalysis at high school level. Learning media such as virtual lab work of urinalysis was expected to overcome the limitations. The aim of this research was to develop virtual lab work as learning media of Biology. The research was held at Senior High School 4 Tangerang, using research and development method. Research and information collecting, planning, product development, and try-out and revision were the steps in this research. Instrumen used were questionnaires for need assessment for students, interviews guide for Biology teacher, and questionnaires of feasibility for media expert, material expert, Biology teacher, and students. In the try-out and revision steps, media expert and material expert were involved in feasibility testing, meanwhile Biology teacher and students grade XI at Senior High School 4 Tangerang were involved in field testing. The average percentage of all test products scored 81,76%. The result of this research showed that the virtual lab work of urinalysis could be utilized as one of learning media of Biology for Senior High School grade XI.
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Savill, Tim, Eifion Jewell, and Peter Barker. "Development of Techniques and Non-Destructive Methods for in-Situ Performance Monitoring of Organically Coated Pre-Finished Cladding Used in the Construction Sector." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 16 (July 7, 2022): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01161016mtgabs.
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Asset corrosion is a huge problem for the construction and other industries with an estimated cost of approximately GBP 300 billion in the EU in 2013 [1]. To mitigate this cost and protect metal substrates from corrosion, organic coatings are often used. In 2017 the EU produced 4 million metric tonnes of organically coated steel, a large quantity of which is used for the production of building cladding material [2]. Cladding material is widely used in construction of both commercial, industrial, and residential buildings due to its convenience, speed of construction as well as aesthetic and weather resistant properties. Architects and customers are increasingly using pre-finished coated steel panels to provide a sleek modern design. In order to maintain the required aesthetic value offered by these panels, it is of crucial importance that the coatings provide appropriate protection from the harsh conditions faced by building facades. It is paramount that manufacturers of the cladding can provide reassurances of the long-term coating performance to provide confidence to the end customer. Despite this, coating performance is only currently estimated by accelerated lab-based tests and some short-term outdoor exposure testing. These tests are carried out in conditions that produce results that are often not representative of real life, leading to earlier than expected failure of the product in some conditions. The ability to monitor the environments that the coatings are exposed to, as well as the actual real-time performance of the coating itself, would provide a far better avenue to determine the expected lifetime of the coated product as well as maintenance scheduling and failure prevention. Furthermore, it would reduce the requirement for human inspection and allow remedial maintenance before the damage becomes too significant to warrant replacement. The advantages of in-situ, real time monitoring has long been recognized by the oil and gas industry, however, at this point in time they are the only sector deploying significant corrosion and coating monitoring techniques. However, as we move to a more connected world, with an increase in devices and IOT systems there is increased interest by the construction section in sensing. There has been significant research effort to develop corrosion sensing of concrete embedded rebar [3–5] and it is clear there is an appetite to grow the field of asset monitoring. The research undertaken develops novel deployments of existing techniques as well as new techniques to detect both corrosion of metallic substrates and degradation and failure of the organic coatings. The overall aim is to produce a sensor system that can work autonomously over long periods. This presented difficulties in terms of, powering, communication, durability, deployment, and sensitivity. The ideas explored include capacitive based sensing, magnetic flux leakage, RFID EMI based corrosion sensing and radiofrequency based dielectric sensing. The designed sensors show promise in detecting early stages of corrosion and coating failure as well as indicating the severity of such changes. The work presented will discuss the challenges faced and how they were/are being overcome as well as the current sensor development and results. Koch GH, Varney J, Thompson N, Moghissi O, Gould M, et al. (2012) International measures of prevention, application, and economics of corrosion technologies study. NACE International, Houston. Eurofer. European Steel in Figures 2008-2017. 2018. James A, Bazarchi E, Chiniforush AA, Panjebashi Aghdam P, Hosseini MR, Akbarnezhad A, et al. Rebar corrosion detection, protection, and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures in coastal environments: A review. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2019;224:1026–39. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061819319208 Xie L, Zhu X, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang T, Xing J. A rebar corrosion sensor embedded in concrete based on surface acoustic wave. Measurement [Internet]. 2020;165:108118. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224120306564 Fan L, Shi X. Techniques of corrosion monitoring of steel rebar in reinforced concrete structures: A review. Struct Heal Monit [Internet]. 0(0):14759217211030912. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217211030911
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Yang, Yi Xi. "Study on Tensile Strains in Concrete Bridge Girders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.309.
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In this paper, we present the design and testing of a simple yet accurate transducer for measuring strain in reinforced concrete bridges. Lessons learned from two earlier versions of the transducer, the first of which was incorporated into the design constraints and criteria. The following sections present the transducer design process, review the calibration and lab testing of the transducer prototype, and summarize the transducer performance in the field.
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Pauliina Haukipuro, Lotta, Satu Väinämö, and Hannu Torvinen. "End-user involvement enhancing innovativeness in public procurement. Evidence from a healthcare procurement." Journal of Innovation Management 4, no. 4 (March 9, 2017): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.004_0007.
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This paper examines public procuring, aiming to increase understanding on how living lab approach and end-user involvement create innovativeness and enhance public procurement results, providing effectiveness and better solutions. Empirical findings are based on a real-life unique public procurement in the healthcare field where living lab approach was used through product testing phase which was included in the procurement procedure. Selected group of users performed product testing in a real homecare environment. Quality of the product formed on the basis of product testing was in significant role for the first time in public healthcare related procurement of City of Oulu, Finland; the winning solution was not the most affordable but the one obtaining highest scores by users. The findings of the study suggest that product testing as a part of public procurement should be more widely taken into use, however, considering the right balance of price-quality ratio to ensure innovativeness. Based on the study, we propose a framework for product testing as a part of public procurement through open procedure.
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Wang, Hui, Xun Zhang, and Shengchuan Jiang. "A Laboratory and Field Universal Estimation Method for Tire–Pavement Interaction Noise (TPIN) Based on 3D Image Technology." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 12066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912066.
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Tire–pavement interaction noise (TPIN) accounts mainly for traffic noise, a sensitive parameter affecting the eco-based maintenance decision outcome. Consistent methods or metrics for lab and field pavement texture evaluation are lacking. TPIN prediction based on pavement structural and material characteristics is not yet available. This paper used 3D point cloud data scanned from specimens and road pavement to conduct correlation and clustering analysis based on representative 3D texture metrics. We conducted an influence analysis to exclude macroscope pavement detection metrics and macro deformation metrics’ effects (international roughness index, IRI, and mean profile depth, MPD). The cluster analysis results verified the feasibility of texture metrics for evaluating lab and field pavement wear, differentiating the wear states. TPIN prediction accuracy based on texture indicators was high (R2 = 0.9958), implying that it is feasible to predict the TPIN level using 3D texture metrics. The effects of pavement texture changes on TPIN can be simulated by laboratory wear.
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Xu, Zhaogang, Yu Lou, and Liu Chen. "Vibration Measurement and Prediction for Foundation Slab Design of a High-Tech Lab Based on In Situ Testing." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8892597.
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Reduction of road traffic-induced vibrations has gained importance with rapid development of high-tech industry and nanotechnology. This study focuses on the in situ vibration measurement and transmissibility-based vibration prediction for the foundation slab design of a high-tech lab subjected to truck-induced vibrations. The truck-induced vibrations come from a proposed road 30 m away from the high-tech lab. The allowable vertical vibration velocity for the foundation slab of the high-tech lab was 60 μm/s in the frequency range of 5–50 Hz. The truck-induced ground vibrations in the proximity of an existing road with the same design as the proposed road were taken as the vibration source response used in the foundation design. The ground vibration transmissibility from the proposed road area to the high-tech lab area was determined by conducting frequency sweep tests in the free field. Based on the vibration source response and the ground vibration transmissibility, two antivibration foundation prototypes with different thicknesses were constructed at the site. The vibration transmissibility from the subgrade soil to the surfaces of the two foundation prototypes was obtained by measuring the ground vibrations at the high-tech lab area and the surface vibrations of the two foundation prototypes. The vertical vibration velocities of the two foundation prototypes were predicted based on the measured transmissibility and the vibration source response. The final thickness of the antivibration foundation was determined by comparing the predicted vibration velocities with the allowable vibration velocity. After construction of the high-tech lab and the road, vibration tests were conducted to assess the performance of the actual antivibration foundation. The results showed that the actual antivibration foundation was able to reduce the vibration levels at the high-tech lab to acceptable levels.
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Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Stereotypes*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 4 (July 19, 2016): 1753–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw029.
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Abstract We present a model of stereotypes based on Kahneman and Tversky’s representativeness heuristic. A decision maker assesses a target group by overweighting its representative types, defined as the types that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group. Stereotypes formed this way contain a “kernel of truth”: they are rooted in true differences between groups. Because stereotypes focus on differences, they cause belief distortions, particularly when groups are similar. Stereotypes are also context dependent: beliefs about a group depend on the characteristics of the reference group. In line with our predictions, beliefs in the lab about abstract groups and beliefs in the field about political groups are context dependent and distorted in the direction of representative types.
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Panich, Sirirat, and Lerpong Pisnui. "All-in-One Flow Injection Spectrophotometric System for Field Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.206.
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To date one of the most significant innovative trends in chemical analysis is to develop analytical instruments that have processed to analyze on-site. Such an apparatus should minimize problems related to sample transports, sample handlings and sample storages. Currently, a traditional wet analysis in laboratories has been replaced with a portable device designed to minimize problems from sending samples to the lab. One of the practical chemical methods which can be developed as the mobile device is flow injection analysis (FIA) because the scaled-down FIA manifolds have been already presented. Regarding the detection, the rapid progress in material science and electronic technology consents the construction of portable detection devices, particularly light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) based-spectrometers. In this work, the FIA analyzer integrated with a built-in detector was designed for on-site chemical testing. A double syringes pump was assembled for transporting of the reagent carrier which were merged at the first mixing coil. A plug of a sample solution was inserted automatically by using a six-port-valve and was mixed with the carrier stream at the second mixing coil before directed to the detector. The heart of the developed analyzer is the built-in spectrophotometric sensor, made of the LEDs as a light source and a photodiode as a detector. The continuous stream of the final product was pushed into a quartz flow-through cuvette and then was exposed to the LED light. Finally, the absorbance of the product solution was calculated according to the Beer-Lambert law.
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BOROWSKI, ALENA G., STEVEN C. INGHAM, and BARBARA H. INGHAM. "Validation of Ground-and-Formed Beef Jerky Processes Using Commercial Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Cultures as Pathogen Surrogates." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.6.1234.
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Beef jerky has been linked to multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection over the past 40 years. With increasing government scrutiny of jerky-making process lethality, a simple method by which processors can easily validate the lethality of their ground-and-formed beef jerky process against Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 is greatly needed. Previous research with whole-muscle beef jerky indicated that commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may be more heat resistant than Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7, suggesting the potential use of LAB as pathogen surrogates. Of six commercial LAB-containing cultures evaluated for heat resistance in ground-and-formed beef jerky, Saga 200 (Pediococcus spp.) and Biosource (Pediococcus acidilactici) were identified as consistently more heat resistant than Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7. Six representative ground-and-formed beef jerky commercial processes, differing widely in lethality, were used to identify an appropriate level of LAB reduction that would consistently indicate a process sufficiently lethal (≥5.0-log reduction) for Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7. Both Saga 200 and Biosource consistently predicted adequate process lethality with a criterion of ≥5.0-log reduction of LAB. When either LAB decreased by ≥5.0 log CFU, processes were sufficiently lethal against Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in 100% of samples (n = 39 and 40, respectively). Use of LAB as pathogen surrogates for ground-and-formed beef jerky process validation was field tested by three small meat processors, who found this technique easy to use for process validation.
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Yan, Jian, and Xiao Juan Liu. "Influence of Back Pressure on Testing Starting Pressure Gradient in Low Permeability Gas Field." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1460.
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For the existence of formation water, the capillary force increases when the gas flow in the cores, so the flow may display starting pressure gradient. However, during the lab testing, sometimes it is found that the starting pressure gradient changes in different test conditions: when the outlet pressure is atmosphere, only the water saturation reaches critical value (Sw)c, the quasi starting pressure exists; but when the outlet pressure is not atmosphere; it is easy to find the quasi staring pressure in the same water saturation. And the quasi starting pressure under the later condition is larger than that in former condition. It is also found that the quasi starting pressures are both power function to the ratio of core coefficient and water saturation. The experimental results provide some theoretical references for recognizing the flow characteristics in low permeability gas reservoirs.
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Xu, Jiang, and Xin Jun Wu. "Nondestructive Testing of Bridge Cables Using Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2015.
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Cables are used as critical structure components for suspended and cable-stayed bridges. It has been recently increased the need for inspection methods to assess the conditions of the cables due to owners concern about the operability and safety of such aging structures. An alternative technique is being developed in this paper. The magnetostrictive guided wave technology is used to test broken wires. The suitability of this method is studied through application tests on experimental setups, lab-made cables with simulated broken wires and field test. Test Results indicate that this technique can detect two broken wires away exceeding two meters and propagating over one hundred meters. It is a promising method for nondestructive testing of bridge cables.
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Mondino, Federico, Amelia Piscitello, Carlo Bianco, Andrea Gallo, Alessandra de Folly D’Auris, Tiziana Tosco, Marco Tagliabue, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Injection of Zerovalent Iron Gels for Aquifer Nanoremediation: Lab Experiments and Modeling." Water 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030826.
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One of the main technical problems faced during field-scale injections of iron microparticles (mZVI) for groundwater nanoremediation is related to their poor colloidal stability and mobility in porous media. In this study, a shear-thinning gel, composed of a mixture of two environmentally friendly biopolymers, i.e., guar gum and xanthan gum, was employed to overcome these limitations. The slurry rheology and particle mobility were characterized by column transport tests. Then, a radial transport experiment was performed to mimic the particle delivery in more realistic conditions. The gel, even at a low polymeric content (1.75 g/L), proved effective in enhancing the mobility of high concentrated mZVI suspensions (20 g/L) in field-like conditions. The high radius of influence (73 cm) and homogeneous iron distribution were achieved by maintaining a low injection overpressure (<0.4 bar). Based only on the information derived from column tests, the MNMs 2018 software (Micro- and Nanoparticle transport, filtration, and clogging Model-Suite) was able to predict the particle distribution and pressure build-up measured in the radial domain. Experimental and simulated results showed good agreement, thus proving that a simplified experimental-modeling procedure based on 1D column tests could be used to effectively upscale the slurry behavior to more representative scales, e.g., radial domains.
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Vingnesia, Vingnesia, Fatma Sarie, and Suradji Gandi. "ANALISIS NILAI KEPADATAN LAPANGAN DENGAN SAND CONE TEST (STUDI KASUS: JALAN YOS SUDARSO KOTA PALANGKA RAYA)." INFO-TEKNIK 22, no. 1 (August 14, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v22i1.11369.
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Soil compaction is required so that the embankment is strong and balanced with structural and non-structural loads. One of the efforts to handle soil with low bearing capacity is to change the subgrade using soil that is considered good. Therefore, an attempt was made to estimate the density of the soil in the field by conducting a sand cone test on the selected embankment material on the Yos Sudarso road work, Palangka Raya City. The sample used in this study came from Hampangen Village, Kasongan Baru Village, Katingan Hilir District, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The results of tests carried out on laboratory density testing and sand cone testing on Yos Sudarso Street, Palangka Raya City can be ascertained that the density obtained from dry soil density γdry = 1.29 g/cm3, maximum dry density γd lab = 1.35 g/cm3 γdr / γd lab x100 = Dr. So the approved density is Dr = 95.86%.
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Setiawan, Heru, Wiwi Isnaeni, F. Putut Martin Herry Budijantoro, and Aditya Marianti. "Implementation of digital learning using interactive multimedia in excretory system with virtual laboratory." Research and Evaluation in Education 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v1i2.6501.
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The aim of this study are (1) Developing an interactive multimedia with virtual laboratory in excretory system for senior high school students (2) determine the eligibility of digital multimedia of excretory system (3) determine the effectivity of digital learning using interactive multimedia to improve student’s achievement and student activities of excretory system. This research was conducted in senior high school in Indonesia at SMA 1 Jepon, Blora for 2 month. The research approach using Educational Research and development including: (1)research and information collecting (2)planning (3) develop a preliminary form of product (4) preliminary field testing, validation of media by experts. (5) main product revision, (6)field testing (7)operational product revision (8) operational field testing, (9) the final product revision. The results showed that digital media of excretory system with virtual lab is outstanding criteria (91.17%) based on 2 expert validation result. Then on prelimenary field testing, the students give outstanding criteria (84.38%), and operation field testing is 92.19%. Digital learning using interactive multimedia also improve student activities, students who achieve the active criteria is 90,63%. Based on the results of research and discussion, can be concluded that digital multimedia of excretory system is very eligible, get possitive response from students and teacher, and effective to improve student achievement and student activity as excretory system media in senior high school.
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Böhm, Robert, Jürgen Fleiß, and Robert Rybnicek. "On the Stability of Social Preferences in Inter-Group Conflict: A Lab-in-the-Field Panel Study." Journal of Conflict Resolution 65, no. 6 (February 24, 2021): 1215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002721994080.
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Despite the omnipresence of inter-group conflicts, little is known about the heterogeneity and stability of individuals’ social preferences toward in-group and out-group members. To identify the prevalence and stability of social preferences in inter-group conflict, we gather quota-representative, incentivized data from a lab-in-the-field study during the heated 2016 Austrian presidential election. We assess social preferences toward in-group and out-group members one week before, one week after, and three months after the election. We find considerable heterogeneity in individuals’ group-(in)dependent social preferences. Utilizing various econometric strategies, we find largely stable social preferences over the course of conflict. Yet, there is some indication of variation, particularly when the conflict becomes less salient. Variation is larger in social preferences toward in-group members and among specific preference types. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings and outline potential avenues for future research.
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D'Agostino, Francesco, Flaminio Ferrara, Claudio Gennarelli, Rocco Guerriero, and Massimo Migliozzi. "Experimental Testing of Nonredundant Near-Field to Far-Field Transformations with Spherical Scanning Using Flexible Modellings for Nonvolumetric Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517934.
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This paper deals with the experimental testing of effective probe compensated near-field-far-field (NF-FF) transformations with spherical scanning requiring a minimum number of NF data. They rely on nonredundant sampling representations of the voltage measured by the probe, based on very flexible source modellings suitable for nonvolumetric antennas characterized by two dimensions very different from the other one. In particular, a cylinder ended in two half-spheres is adopted for modelling long antennas, whereas the quasi-planar ones are considered as enclosed in a rotational surface formed by two circular “bowls” having the same aperture diameter, but eventually different bending radii. The NF data needed to perform the classical spherical NF-FF transformation are then accurately and efficiently retrieved from the acquired nonredundant ones via optimal sampling interpolation formulas. A remarkable reduction of the number of the required NF data and, as a consequence, a significant measurement time saving can be so obtained. The experimental tests have been carried out at Antenna Characterization Lab of the University of Salerno and both the NF and FF reconstructions are resulted to be very good, thus confirming the accuracy and reliability of these NF-FF transformations from the experimental viewpoint too.
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Goedken, Cassie, Marylou Guihan, Charnetta R. Brown, Swetha Ramanathan, Amanda Vivo, Margaret A. Fitzpatrick, Eli N. Perencevich, et al. "525. Evaluation of Implementation of Guidelines for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Prevention Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S252—S253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.594.
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Abstract Background Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenemase-producing (CP) CRE are difficult to treat, resulting in a high mortality annually. In 2017, VA released guidelines for CRE/CP-CRE laboratory testing, prevention, and management. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to understand factors influencing implementation of the CRE guideline at VA Medical Centers (VAMCs). Methods Between 9/17–8/18, 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Program Coordinators, laboratorians, physicians and infection preventionists from 29 geographically representative VAMCs of varying size and CP-CRE burden. Interviews addressed perceptions of guideline dissemination, laboratory testing, training, patient education, and IT support (e.g., CRE/CP-CRE flag, lab report and template). We analyzed transcripts using a consensus-based mixed deductive-inductive coding approach to identify CFIR constructs, best practices, recommendations/feedback and implementation challenges. Results 95% of interviewees reported using VA CRE/CP-CRE guidelines, most (79%) with high confidence. Respondent comments (n = 798) were coded using CFIR constructs [Inner Setting (e.g., resources), (48%); Process (e.g., planning), (23%); Intervention Characteristics (e.g., VA guidelines) (17%); Outer Setting (e.g., patient needs) (6%); Characteristics of Individuals (e.g., self-efficacy) (6%)]. Interviewees also described Best Practices (15%) and Feedback/Recommendations (12%) including the need for improved lab testing/reporting, communication, contact isolation, staff training, patient education and cost. Conclusion Our results suggest sustained improvement in multiple areas to facilitate guideline implementation to identify, prevent, and manage CRE/CP-CRE are needed. This is critical because CRE/CP-CRE incidence and mortality rates are projected to increase. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.