Academic literature on the topic 'Field-maintained'
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Journal articles on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Khusanov, S. O., and G. B. Turgunova. "WATER CONSUMPTION OF SHADE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD MAINTAINED AS A REPEAT CROP IN DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-02.
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Weyand, Kurt. "Magnetic field standards -- tracing to the maintained units." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 13, no. 1-4 (December 17, 2002): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2002-340.
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Mirpour, Koorosh, Zeinab Bolandnazar, and James W. Bisley. "Suppression of frontal eye field neuronal responses with maintained fixation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 4 (January 8, 2018): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716315115.
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The decision of where to make an eye movement is thought to be driven primarily by responses to stimuli in neurons’ receptive fields (RFs) in oculomotor areas, including the frontal eye field (FEF) of prefrontal cortex. It is also thought that a saccade may be generated when the accumulation of this activity in favor of one location or another reaches a threshold. However, in the reading and scene perception fields, it is well known that the properties of the stimulus at the fovea often affect when the eyes leave that stimulus. We propose that if FEF plays a role in generating eye movements, then the identity of the stimulus at fixation should affect the FEF responses so as to reduce the probability of making a saccade when fixating an item of interest. Using a visual foraging task in which animals could make multiple eye movements within a single trial, we found that responses were strongly modulated by the identity of the stimulus at the fovea. Specifically, responses to the stimulus in the RF were suppressed when the animal maintained fixation for longer durations on a stimulus that could be associated with a reward. We suggest that this suppression, which was predicted by models of eye movement behavior, could be a mechanism by which FEF can modulate the temporal flow of saccades based on the importance of the stimulus at the fovea.
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Lu, Qianwen, Carol Miles, Haiying Tao, and Lisa Wasko DeVetter. "Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Maintained Raspberry Growth in an Established Field." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030672.
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Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates maintains good red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production while alleviating environmental risks. Although raspberry growers in Washington are using the caneberry nutrient management guides derived from western Oregon, these guides may not be appropriate for other production regions given the differences in climate, soil type, and crop productivity. However, limited research has been conducted to observe the impact of the N fertilizer rate on floricane red raspberry growth, yield, and fruit quality in Washington. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of “Meeker” floricane red raspberries grown in northwest Washington, USA, to different N fertilizer rates in order to provide information for future local nutrient management guides. Treatments of urea (46% nitrogen (N)) were surface-applied to raised beds of established ‘Meeker’ raspberry plots at controls, low, medium, and high rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha−1, respectively) in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Fruit yield and quality, plant growth and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations, and soil characteristics were evaluated. There were no N fertilizer rate treatment effects for the yield, fruit quality, plant growth, leaf tissue nutrient concentrations, and soil characteristics, except for fruit titratable acidity and soil ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations. The lack of a plant response may be due to nutrients mineralized from soil organic matter (3.81–4.0%) and the utilization of plant nutrient reserves. Based on the results, the soil organic matter level and plant nutrient reserves should be considered when making nutrient management suggestions. Fertilizer costs as well as the potential for environmental pollution from excess fertilizers could be reduced through utilizing these two potential sources of nutrients. Furthermore, longer periods of research is warranted to understand how to adjust N fertilizer rates based on plant and soil characteristics while sustaining yields.
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Fortes Júnior, W. F., R. C. A. Berber, T. V. Souza, A. C. Rosa, and I. Deconto. "Cytology pulmonary in horses (Equus caballus) maintained the field or stabled." Scientific Electronic Archives 9, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/952016404.
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Tracheobronchial secretion was collected by endoscopy (Welch-AllynÒ, 200cm long and 9mm diameter), from equines with different ages, races and sex, for posterior cytological analysis. Thirty-six equines were divided into two groups (Group I = stabled, n = 18; Group II = field regimen, n = 18). Animals of Group I (age = 3.5 years) were lodged in the Tarumã´s Jockey Club in Curitiba, Parana State. The equines of Group II always were maintained at field condition (never were stabled), in the farm located in Jacarezinho, Paraná State. Following endoscopic exams, tracheobronchial secretion smears were stained by Pappenhein´s method and submitted to cytological analysis. Group I had higher frequency of tracheal discharge than Group II. The cytological analysis showed more presence of macrophages (58.8%), foamy cells (2.3%), body giant cells (0.2%), neutrophils (4.57%), eosinophils (0.7%) and Curshmann´s spirals (0.04%) on 3 of the 18 animals. The cytological analysis of Group II showed higher frequency of ciliated epithelial cells than Group I, and no Curshmann´s spirals were observed. In conclusion, data showed that horses stabled had more cytological alterations than the animals maintained at field, therefore more tracheobronchial complications. Thus, the care of place where horse are stabled have influence on development of respiratory diseases, may predispose to affections as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage, as well athletic horses may be never reach their full respiratory potential.
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Mamei, Marco, and Franco Zambonelli. "Self-maintained distributed tuples for field-based coordination in dynamic networks." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 18, no. 4 (2006): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.947.
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SEN, S. N., S. K. SADHYA, M. GANTAIT, and D. C. JANA. "Persistence of afterflow maintained by a radiofrequency field in a mercury arc." International Journal of Electronics 63, no. 1 (July 1987): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218708939108.
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Santos, Julio Cesar de Araujo, Igor Felipe Ferreira de Vasconcelos, Denise Batista Nogueira, Joao Pessoa Araujo Junior, Camila Dantas Malossi, Leila Sabrina Ullmann, Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista Santos, Clebert José Alves, Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva, and Sérgio Santos de Azevedo. "New insights on Leptospira sp. infection in ewes maintained in field semiarid conditions." Acta Tropica 234 (October 2022): 106610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106610.
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Gibbs, P. G., and K. E. Davison. "A field study on reproductive efficiency of mares maintained predominately on native pasture." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, no. 4 (July 1992): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(06)81449-8.
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Rädler, K. H. "Can the highly axisymmetric magnetic field of Saturn be maintained by a dynamo?" Advances in Space Research 12, no. 8 (August 1992): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90398-h.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Green, Jonathan Edward. "Cryopreservation of Ribes nigrum cultivars maintained in vitro and in the field." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495513.
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A range of Ribes cultivars of different geographical orlgm find recognised horticultural 'hardiness', have been investigated with respect to foliar and winter responses to freezing. Differences were observed in the freezing responses of actively-growing foliar material given cold pretreatments but no significant effects persisted below -10°C, suggesting that the selected cultivars possess little in the way of genetically determined cold response that might be exploited in ultra-low temperature cryopreservation. Differences were observed between cultivars in their ability to cold harden, and a rootstock with high cold hardening ability was able to significantly increase the foliar hardiness of a scion with lesser cold hardening ability. This improvement did not extend beyond performance -10°C. The natural cold hardiness of overwintering buds was exploited in a simple and effective cryopreservation protocol that used field material directly with a -20°C pretreatment in a conventional freezer, did not require cryoprotectants and needed only a single passage of in vitro culture. Geographical origin did not appear to be related to survival following freezing at 20° C and -196°C (LN). The biochemical responses of in vitro material of selected cultivars to the various stages of cryopreservation showed some significant differences, largely with respect to protein changes, but there was no clear pattern of response for any of the selected criteria. However, both before and after low temperature treatment, reproducible biochemical differences were seen between two accessions of the cultivar Ojebyn from different, accredited sources. This material has shown stable, phenotypic differences over several subsequent field seasons suggesting the possibility of genetic or epigenetic change as a consequence of in vitro maintenance. The field material has subsequently been transferred to the University of Copenhagen where DNA fingerprinting will be carried out on material from 2007.
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Akomeah, Belinda. "Impact of in vitro induced epigenetic variation on the nutritional value of three Ghanaian sweet potato genotypes: implications on biofortification." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/114123.
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Front matter only available electronically. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Biofortification aims to increase crop nutritional value to combat nutrient deficiency. Due to the prevalence of viruses, healthy cultivars of biofortified genotypes are produced through micropropagation techniques. However, during micropropagation, plants are exposed to conditions that could induce somaclonal variation, and result in phenotypic changes affecting the crop’s nutritional value. Currently, sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) is biofortified for enhanced beta-carotene content to alleviate Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD). Undesired somaclonal abnormalities acquired during in vitro culture could alter key nutrients such as beta-carotene, protein, or zinc. Therefore, it is important to ensure the clonal fidelity of the micropropagated biofortified lines. This study assessed the extent of in vitro induced epigenetic variation in the genome of meristem-cultured plants, and its correlation with the nutritional composition in three Ghanaian sweet potato genotypes (Bohye, Ogyefo and Otoo). Micropropagated plants presented no observable leaf and storage root abnormalities, but relatively lower levels of iron, protein, zinc, and glucose. Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism analysis showed a high level of in vitro induced molecular variation in micropropagated plants. Ogyefo showed the least viral incidence and epigenetic differentiation but the most profound nutritional changes, while Bohye showed the highest epigenetic variability. Further analysis indicated that epigenetic, rather than genetic, accounts for most of the observed variability. Taken collectively, this study offers an insight into the impact of micropropagation in methylation profiles, and its correlation to root quality in the improved sweet potato genotypes. The implications of these results to the ongoing bio-fortification projects are also discussed.
Thesis (M.Bio.(PB)) -- University of Adelaide, Masters of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Books on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Alvehus, Johan. The Logic of Professionalism. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206067.001.0001.
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This book discusses common management and work practices in professional service organizations. The book opens important discussions on what it means to work, manage, and be managed in such professional organizations, casting light on classic conflicts. The author takes everyday work as a starting point and adopts a critical view that focuses on challenges and struggles in both public and private settings. The book begins with an exploration of the practices that uphold the logic of professionalism. It analyses the way in which the logic of professionalism is maintained in professional service organizations. It then shifts to focus on professional service work, and the work of managing professional service work. It discusses the concepts around professions and professionalism, and the abstract theory of institutional logics. The book investigates the common assumption about professional service work: that it is, by its nature, ambiguous, and that this inherent ambiguity has profound consequences for how professional service work is organized and managed. It suggests another view — that ambiguity is an outcome of the way in which professional service work is organized, just as much as it is a cause of it. It also elaborates on division of labour. The book moves on to investigate some of the most contested terrain in all of management and organization studies: leadership, and it thereafter details how the logic of professionalism is maintained, and what it is that is maintained. The author offers new perspectives and key insights for the future of professionalism. Providing a comprehensive overview of the field, the book is an important guide for understanding how professionalism is maintained in today’s organizations, and will of interest to those engaged in management and leadership.
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Robinson, Cathy, and Bruce Taylor. Contested Country. Edited by Marcus B. Lane. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098015.
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In Contested Country, leading researchers in planning, geography, environmental studies and public policy critically review Australia's environmental management under the auspices of the Natural Heritage Trust over the past decade, and identify the challenges that must be met in the national quest for sustainability. It is the first comprehensive, critical examination of the local and regional natural resources management undertaken in Australia, using research sourced from all states as well as the Northern Territory.
It addresses questions such as:
How is accountability to be maintained?
Who is included and who is excluded in decentralised environmental governance?
Does the scale of bottom-up management efforts match the scale of environmental problems?
How is scientific and technical fidelity in environmental management to be maintained when significant activities are devolved to and controlled by local communities?
The book challenges some of the accepted benefits, assumptions and ideologies underpinning regional scaled environmental management, and is a must-read for anyone interested in this field.
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Doering, James M. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037412.003.0012.
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Judson’s power waned after his resignation from the New York Philharmonic, but he was not ready to retire in 1956. He continued to work in music management for another twelve years, postponing retirement until 1968, at age eighty-seven. Even then Judson had a hard time removing himself from the concert scene. Until his death in 1975, he maintained relationships with musicians, managers, and board members who were active in the field....
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Mazur, Amy G., and Anne Revillard. Gender Policy Studies. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.25.
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This chapter maps out the international field of feminist comparative policy (FCP) and emerging gender policy studies in France in relation to each other. While French researchers have been involved with FCP projects and non-French scholars have contributed significantly to general understanding, knowledge, and theory on France, gender policy studies in France have maintained a distinctive twist, including more interdisciplinary connections, less formalization, less of an explicit feminist approach, and more use of in-depth qualitative methods. The distinct nature of French gender policy studies has underpinned its dynamism inside and outside France and has allowed French research to make significant contributions to comparative feminist policy studies at an international level. This strong comparative connection is reflected by the degree to which the research agendas of the French and international research communities converge around implementation studies and intersectionality.
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Millie, Julian. The Public Metaculture of Islamic Preaching. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652807.003.0012.
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The chapter concerns the public culture of Islam in Indonesia. Drawing on field experience in West Java, it observes that Islamic oratory invariably includes repetitive and solemn elements, especially the citation and translation of Qur’an and Hadith. Yet preachers also rely on their abilities to move listeners with skillful multivocality, drawing on many genres and ways of speaking within listeners’ competency, not just religious ones. When speaking and writing normatively about oratory, however, Indonesians construct a monologic image that characterizes preaching as the circulation of religious knowledge, ignoring or even proscribing the multivocality and generic variation that ensures the continuation of that circulation. This chapter analyses the clash between preaching’s multivocal performances and its monologic metaculture against the background of public reverence for Islam, which disallows overt recognition of preaching skill. The monologic construction of preaching sustains the public aspiration that Islam be maintained as a sphere separated from worldly matters.
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Fleming, Anne. Legal History As Economic History. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.12.
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Over the past century, legal history and economic history developed as separate fields of scholarship. Their separation reflects an understanding of law and economy as distinct objects that may be pulled apart and each analysed apart from the other. Yet, even assuming that law and economy are separable, it is undeniable that they interact. This chapter first maps the state of the field over the past several decades, identifying two major questions that have guided much of the scholarship on the border between legal and economic history. It then describes two of the theoretical frameworks available to legal historians for conceptualizing the relationship between law and economy. Finally, it argues that future work on the history of political economy should put aside measuring the impact of law on economy (and vice versa) and instead explore how the boundary between law and economy has been constructed and maintained over time.
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French, Steven, and Juha Saatsi, eds. Scientific Realism and the Quantum. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814979.001.0001.
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Scientific realism has traditionally maintained that our best scientific theories can be regarded as more or less true and as representing the world as it is (more or less). However, one of our very best current theories—quantum mechanics—has famously resisted such a realist construal, threatening to undermine the realist stance altogether. The chapters in this volume carefully examine this tension and the reasons behind it, including the underdetermination generated by the multiplicity of formulations and interpretations of quantum physics, each presenting a different way the world could be. Authors in this volume offer a range of alternative ways forward: some suggest new articulations of realism, limiting our commitments in one way or another; others attempt to articulate a ‘third way’ between traditional forms of realism and antirealism, or are critical of such attempts. Still others argue that quantum theory itself should be reconceptualised, or at least alternative formulations should be considered in the hope of evading the problems faced by realism. And some examine the nature of these issues when moving beyond quantum mechanics to quantum field theory. Taken together they offer an exciting new set of perspectives on one of the most fundamental questions in the philosophy of modern physics: how can one be a realist about quantum theory, and what does this realism amount to?
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Lindenmayer, David, Emma Burns, Nicole Thurgate, and Andrew Lowe, eds. Biodiversity and Environmental Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108578.
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This data-rich book demonstrates the value of existing national long-term ecological research in Australia for monitoring environmental change and biodiversity.
Long-term ecological data are critical for informing trends in biodiversity and environmental change. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) is a major initiative of the Australian Government and one of its key areas of investment is to provide funding for a network of long-term ecological research plots around Australia (LTERN).
LTERN researchers and other authors in this book have maintained monitoring sites, often for one or more decades, in an array of different ecosystems across the Australian continent – ranging from tropical rainforests, wet eucalypt forests and alpine regions through to rangelands and deserts. This book highlights some of the temporal changes in the environment that have occurred in the various systems in which dedicated field-based ecologists have worked. Many important trends and changes are documented and they often provide new insights that were previously poorly understood or unknown. These data are precisely the kinds of data so desperately needed to better quantify the temporal trajectories in the environment in Australia.
By presenting trend patterns (and often also the associated data) the authors aim to catalyse governments and other organisations to better recognise the importance of long-term data collection and monitoring as a fundamental part of ecologically-effective and cost-effective management of the environment and biodiversity.
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Mortimer, Sarah. Reformation, Resistance, and Reason of State (1517-1625). Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674886.001.0001.
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The period 1517–1625 was crucial for the development of political thought. During this time of expanding empires, religious upheaval, and social change, new ideas about the organization and purpose of human communities began to be debated. In particular, there was a concern to understand the political or civil community as bounded, limited in geographical terms and with its own particular structures, characteristics, and history. There was also a growing focus, in the wake of the Reformation, on civil or political authority as distinct from the church or religious authority. To explain these new ideas about political power, the concept of sovereignty began to be used, alongside a new language of reason of state. Yet political theories based upon religion still maintained significant traction, particularly claims for the divine right of kings. In the midst of these developments, the language of natural law became increasingly important as a means of legitimizing political power; natural law provided a rationale for earthly authority that was separate from Christianity and its use enabled new arguments for religious toleration. This book offers a new reading of early modern political thought, drawing on a wide range of sources from Europe and beyond. It makes connections between Christian Europe and the Muslim societies that lay to its south and east, showing the extent to which concerns about the legitimacy of political power were shared. It demonstrates that the history of political thought can both benefit from, and remain distinctive within, the wider field of intellectual history.
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Petrovic, Predrag, and Marija Ignjatijevic. Otpornost na nasilni ekstremizam u Srbiji: slučaj Sandžaka. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/uekc3645.
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Many experts had gloomy forecasts about violent Islamist extremism and terrorism in Serbia. Sanjak - the southwest region in Serbia populated by Muslim majority - was even dubbed Jihadist hotbed, as it was the center for further spreading ultra-conservative Salafism from the neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina into Serbia, and a region where the recruitment of Syrian foreign fighters took place. Among the most influential militant Salafi leaders in Vienna who maintained contacts with ISIS there were individuals from Sanjak. However, despite these forecasts and the presence of both push and pull factors of violent extremism, Sanjak has proved to be very resilient to violent Islamist extremism. Compared to other countries in the Western Balkans, a relatively small number of people from Serbia (49 of them including women and children) joined militant Islamist groups in Syria. Only a few incidents involving militant Salafis and failed terrorist plots happened. People in Sanjak showed both resilience to violent extremism and to the spread of the ultra-conservative interpretation of Islam. In this paper, we first identify the cases of violent extremism and then map and analyze factors that make Sanjak enabling environment for extremism. The second part of the paper is dedicated to understanding key resilience factors to violent extremism showcased in Sanjak. Ethno-nationalism and far-right extremism are only analyzed as possible drivers of Islamist radicalization. This report is based on extensive field research in Belgrade, Novi Pazar, Sjenica, and Tutin between July and September 2021, during which a total of 25 interviews were conducted.
Book chapters on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Dooris, Mark, Sharon Doherty, and Judy Orme. "Applying Salutogenesis in Higher Education." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 307–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_30.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on how health can be created, maintained and supported in university settings. It first explores the higher education context and introduces key concepts that underpin ‘healthy universities’ and the application of a settings approach within this sector. It then presents a summary of key developments and of theoretical and empirical research in the field, reflecting on the relationship to salutogenesis, before discussing key themes emerging and outlining challenges for the future.
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Paul, George, and Manjunath Rai. "Medicolegal Issues in Maxillofacial Surgery." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 883–925. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_44.
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AbstractEvery profession is governed by a set of rules and regulations, and the same applies to the field of maxillofacial surgery. The young surgeon must therefore be aware of what legal requirements he/she must fulfil while practising the profession. Maxillofacial surgery is a challenging field that straddles both medicine and surgery, and therefore surgeons must be very aware of the legal scope of this field. Record keeping such as the informed consent and procedure notes are important legal requirements and must be maintained to provide legal proof of service and respect patient’s rights Maxillofacial surgeons play an important role as expert witnesses in cases of violence that have affected the head and neck region. In addition to all these legal requirements, the maxillofacial surgeon is also extremely vulnerable to civil or criminal litigation in the form of negligence. Surgeons must be aware of their duties and rights. They must also be familiar with legal issues like negligence and how to deal with it.
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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Liquefaction." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 301–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_11.
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AbstractLiquefaction of the ground during earthquakes has long been documented and has drawn much attention from earthquake engineers because of its devastation to engineered structures. In this chapter we review a few of the best studied field cases and summarize insights from extensive experimental data critical for understanding the interaction between earthquakes and liquefaction. Despite the progress made in the last few decades, several outstanding problems remain unanswered. One is the mechanism for liquefaction beyond the near field, which has been abundantly documented in the field. This is not well understood because, according to laboratory data, liquefaction should occur only in the near field where the seismic energy density is great enough to cause undrained consolidation leading up to liquefaction. Another outstanding question is the dependence of liquefaction on the frequency of the seismic waves, where the current results from the field and laboratory studies are in conflict. Finally, while in most cases the liquefied sediments are sand or silty sand, well-graded gravel has increasingly been witnessed to liquefy during earthquakes and is not simply the result of entrainment by liquified sand. It is challenging to explain how pore pressure could build up in gravely soils and be maintained at a level high enough to cause liquefaction.
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Weißbeck, Joschua, and Lutz Gaspers. "Behavioural Development of University Graduates in the Area of Work-Related Mobility: A Study Conducted for the University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 65–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_6.
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AbstractWork-related mobility currently makes up the biggest share of the total transport volume in passenger transport and is dominated by private motorized vehicles. The paper is based on research about environmentally friendly modes of transportation performed by students on their way to the University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, and whether it has an influence on the mobility behaviour of graduates in work and business traffic or not. Another goal was to find out whether or not one’s sustainable mobility behaviour would be maintained throughout the rest of one’s professional life. For this, an online survey was conducted with graduates of the University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart. The results of the survey confirm a very high sustainability in the field of work-related mobility. Previous studies have only looked at education- and work-related mobility behaviour separately and did not research how or if the former has effects on the latter. The comparison of results from those studies with the information provided by the graduates on their behaviour in occupational mobility also confirms an above-average sustainability.
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Ahlén, Anton, and Joakim Palme. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Sweden." In IMISCOE Research Series, 421–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_28.
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Abstract While the Swedish welfare state has undergone an intensified market orientation and a number of cutbacks since 1990, it has maintained many of its universal characteristics. It still provides all residents with a rather extensive system of benefits from the cradle to the grave. This chapter contributes to a systematic and detailed analysis of eligibility criteria and conditions for accessing social benefits in five core policy areas of the Swedish social security system. As universalism continues to be a cornerstone of the Swedish welfare state, nationality or the immigration status of a person does not condition his/her entitlement to social security benefits. More recently, however, a political debate has emerged regarding immigration and the welfare system, both in terms of the benefit system being a magnet that attracts migrants and concerning the capacity of the system to cope with large-scale immigration. By discussing the main features of the Swedish welfare regime and key patterns and policy developments in the field of migration, the chapter seeks to account for recent developments, trends and directions in the access to social protection for residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.
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Čtvrtník, Mikuláš. "Archival Inflation and Reduction of Records, Data, and Archives." In Archives and Records, 139–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18667-7_6.
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AbstractArchiving in the public interest oscillates between the proverbial millstones of two in many respects opposing public interests and the usually constitutionally guaranteed rights it is supposed to defend and fulfil: On the one hand, archives are supposed to be a tool for preserving and opening access to information; on the other hand, archives are one of the major actors in the field of reducing the enormous and permanently unpreservable amount of data and records created especially after 1945. Within the specific process of the archival appraisal of records, the most massive reduction of public records and data created mainly by public bodies takes place. At the same time, archiving belongs among the significant fields, where the processing and protection of personal data happens. The chapter focuses on the manners of protecting personal data, personality rights, and privacy in the archives that involve minimising the data maintained, particularly by means of data reduction and destruction before transferring them from their creators to the archives for permanent preservation. In doing so, the book places the topic in the context of the current situation of a massive increase in the volume of permanently archived records. In its second part, the chapter presents international comparative statistics quantifying the increase in the volume of archives in recent decades.
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Golz, Julia Carolin, and Kerstin Stingl. "Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 265–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_10.
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AbstractThermophilic Campylobacter, in particular Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari are the main relevant Campylobacter species for human infections. Due to their high capacity of genetic exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), rapid adaptation to changing environmental and host conditions contribute to successful spreading and persistence of these foodborne pathogens. However, extensive HGT can exert dangerous side effects for the bacterium, such as the incorporation of gene fragments leading to disturbed gene functions. Here we discuss mechanisms of HGT, notably natural transformation, conjugation and bacteriophage transduction and limiting regulatory strategies of gene transfer. In particular, we summarize the current knowledge on how the DNA macromolecule is exchanged between single cells. Mechanisms to stimulate and to limit HGT obviously coevolved and maintained an optimal balance. Chromosomal rearrangements and incorporation of harmful mutations are risk factors for survival and can result in drastic loss of fitness. In Campylobacter, the restricted recognition and preferential uptake of free DNA from relatives are mediated by a short methylated DNA pattern and not by a classical DNA uptake sequence as found in other bacteria. A class two CRISPR-Cas system is present but also other DNases and restriction–modification systems appear to be important for Campylobacter genome integrity. Several lytic and integrated bacteriophages have been identified, which contribute to genome diversity. Furthermore, we focus on the impact of gene transfer on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (resistome) and persistence factors. We discuss remaining open questions in the HGT field, supposed to be answered in the future by current technologies like whole-genome sequencing and single-cell approaches.
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Čtvrtník, Mikuláš. "Personality Rights, Privacy, and Post-mortem Privacy Protection in Archives: France and United Kingdom." In Archives and Records, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18667-7_3.
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AbstractThe chapter concentrates on personality rights, privacy, and post-mortem privacy protection in France and the United Kingdom. The French archival system applies several tools to protect the personality and privacy of the actors of archival materials. One of the tools at the basic level is the system of closure periods. On the one hand, France liberalised access to records, in a ground-breaking move in 2008, when it removed general closure periods which prevented access to the archives for 30 years after the record was created. However, France has maintained several closure periods for certain selected groups of archives. The second level of protection is represented by the French specific system of access to public archives under the “accès par dérogation”, which will be, among other things, examined in this chapter. Alongside France, the chapter will analyse the situation in the United Kingdom characterised by a highly decentralised system of access to public records, archives, and information in general. The specificity of the British model of access to archives and data protection lies in the establishment of multiple, multi-layered, and multi-faceted testing and examining public interest in the area of access to public records and archives. This is done in several phases; the first phase is carried out by the record and information creator, and the second phase then in the case of historical records (i.e., in the British legal system, records created more than 20 years ago) by the archives and at certain points at the national level by a specialised independent body: the Advisory Council on National Records and Archives. The chapter will demonstrate in detail the specificity of the British approach characterised by multi-faceted control and the existence of a range of mechanisms that guarantee the application of multiple public interests entering the field of access to records and information from different sides and perspectives.
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Glatzmaier, Gary A. "Magnetic Field." In Introduction to Modeling Convection in Planets and Stars. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141725.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on magnetoconvection, which refers to thermal convection of an electrically conducting fluid within a background magnetic field maintained by some external mechanism. It first provides a brief overview of magnetohydrodynamics and the magnetohydrodynamic equations before explaining how to make a 2D model of magnetic field. In this approach, the case of a uniform vertical background field and the case of a uniform horizontal background field are both considered. The chapter then describes how one could simulate a case of a uniform background field that is tilted relative to both the vertical and horizontal axes. It also considers what can be learned about the stability and structure of magnetoconvection and the dispersion relation for magneto-gravity waves from analytical analyses without the nonlinear terms. Finally, it discusses nonlinear simulations of magnetoconvection in a box with impermeable side boundaries, along with magnetoconvection with a horizontal background field and an arbitrary background field.
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Chan, Raymond K. H., and Kang Hu. "Utilization of Primary Health Services in Hong Kong." In Healthcare Administration, 1159–76. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch062.
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This chapter analyzes the issue of primary health care utilization in Hong Kong and introduces the case of Hong Kong where a special division between public and private sectors has developed in the field of primary health services. The chapter argues that in the foreseeable future, it is likely that the division of health care between the public and private sector will be maintained. In recent years, more and more individuals and families have purchased private health insurance so as to gain more options. The idea of universal health insurance was rejected by the public in recent consultations; the current alternative is government-regulated private insurance. Although private primary health services will continue as usual in the near future, public primary health services should be maintained or even expanded. Given the costliness of private services (especially specialist services), it is recommended that more resources should be invested in corresponding public health services.
Conference papers on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Mamei, Marco, and Franco Zambonelli. "Self-maintained distributed tuples for field-based coordination in dynamic networks." In the 2004 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/967900.968000.
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Santos, Camila, Eliseu José Pereira, Thais Sales, José Fernando Grigolli, Thadeu Carlos de Souza, Royner Rojas, Letícia Mari Kishimoto, et al. "Neotropical Brown Stink Bug (<em>Euschistus heros</em>) in Soybeans: What Insecticides have Maintained Effective Field Performance?" In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10649.
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Moore, Larry, Hal Post, Krista Adams, Len Malczynski, Randy Hauck, Tom Jesperson, Rolland Skinner, and Jerry Anderson. "Operation and Maintenance Field Experience With Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76230.
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This paper presents an assessment of the failure modes, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and system lifecycle costs for 77 photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems installed during a fourteen year period from 1990 to 2004. These systems were supplied, installed, operated and maintained through a customer lease program by two rural utilities, Northwest Rural Public Power District in Nebraska and Verendrye Electric Cooperative in North Dakota. Field records have been tracked and analyzed to capture maintenance events, component failure experience, repair/replacement costs and installation cost histories. The results of these analyses including annual O&M cost, failure rates, and economic comparisons with grid extension options are presented and discussed.
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Zhao, Liangju, Danling Zeng, and Deniel Henry. "Numerical Study of Buoyancy-Driven Convection of Molten Gallium Under Magnetic Field." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60774.
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This paper focuses on the convection of molten gallium contained in an enclosure of aspect ratios 5:1:1.3 subject to horizontal temperature gradient and an external constant magnetic field. Flows without magnetic field are also solved for comparisons by the spectral method. Steady flows and oscillatory flows show different flow structures. The symmetries are strictly maintained for steady flow and the symmetries are broken for oscillatory flow. Near the onset, stable periodical oscillations appear and the symmetries are satisfied between the present state and the state half a period later, which agrees well with the analytical results. The phase characters agree well with the experimental results. Energy analysis shows that the production of fluctuating kinetic energy by shear of mean flow is the main production to the change of the total fluctuating kinetic energy, while viscous effects give the main dissipation term. The dissipation of the fluctuating kinetic energy by magnetic field keeps negative.
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Tagade, Piyush M., and Han-Lim Choi. "An Efficient Bayesian Calibration Approach Using Dynamically Biorthogonal Field Equations." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70584.
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Present paper proposes new dynamic-biorthogonality based Bayesian formulation for calibration of computer simulators with parametric uncertainty. The formulation uses decomposition of solution field into mean and random field. The random field is represented as a convolution of separable Hilbert spaces in stochastic and spacial dimensions. Both the dimensions are spectrally represented using respective orthogonal bases. In particular, present paper investigates polynomial chaos basis for stochastic dimension and eigenfunction basis for spacial dimension. Dynamic evolution equations are derived such that basis in stochastic dimension is retained while basis in spacial dimension is changed such that dynamic orthogonality is maintained. Resultant evolution equations are used to propagate prior uncertainty in input parameters to the solution output. Whenever new information is available through experimental observations or expert opinion, Bayes theorem is used to update the basis in stochastic dimension. Efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for calibration of 2D transient diffusion equation with uncertainty in source location. Computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated against Generalized Polynomial Chaos and Monte Carlo method.
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Limaye, Advait A., Carey W. King, and Matthew I. Campbell. "Analysis of Multiple Equilibrium Positions in Magnetostatic Field." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48841.
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This work is a part of a larger research project to understand the challenges in creating MultiStable Equilibrium (MSE) devices. MSE devices are those that have more than one stable position or configuration which can be maintained with no power input. The study of potential energy minima in magnetic systems can be used to create novel and efficient MSE mechanisms. This research focuses on using the magnetic energy in space as the main criteria for analysis of MSE devices. Permanent magnets are used to create a 2D magnetostatic field. The magnetic energy density in air is then plotted along a path through the field. For a piece of iron following a specified path, the stable equilibrium positions correspond to the locations of maximum air energy density. Furthermore, the stiffness at each of the equilibrium positions can be correlated to a pseudo-stiffness of the energy density. This information can help one design systems for multiple stable positions with minimal computational time and effort without simplifying the problem geometry.
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Horiuchi, Keisuke, and Prashanta Dutta. "Local Flow Control Using a Field Effect Transistor." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13635.
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A field-effect transistor is developed on PDMS microchannel to control flow in microfluidic chips by modifying the surface charge condition. By applying a gate voltage to one side of the microchannel wall, zeta potential at that side is altered, while the zeta potential at the other side is maintained at the original value. This non-uniform zeta potential results in a secondary electroosmotic flow in lateral direction, which is used for flow control in microchannel geometries. The flow control is observed both quantitatively and qualitatively at relatively low voltage (less than 50 [V]), and this local flow control is primarily due to the leakage current through the interface between PDMS and glass layers. To verify the experimental results, a leakage capacitance model is introduced to estimate the modified zeta potential for the straight channel case, and excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental zeta potential results.
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Attia, Hazem Ali. "Axisymmetric Stagnation Point MHD Flow Over a Porous Plate With Heat Transfer." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45483.
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The steady axisymmetric hydromagnetic flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid impinging on a porous flat plate with heat transfer are investigated. An external uniform magnetic field and a uniform suction or injection are applied normal to the plate which is maintained at a constant temperature. Numerical solution for the governing nonlinear equations is obtained.
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Vijayaraghavan, Prasant, and Vishnu-Baba Sundaresan. "Investigating Secondary Equilibration in Thermoplastic Ionomers Under a Thermo-Electric Field." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9161.
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Ionomers are polymers containing a small fraction of charged groups in their polymer backbone. These ionic groups link together to form ionic aggregates which act as temporary cross-links. On heating over the ionic dissociation temperature, these ionic aggregates become mobile in the melt and reaggregate upon cooling. The structure and dynamic behavior of these ionic aggregates gives rise to interesting mechanical and functional properties of the ionomers. Thermal processing of ionomers leads to secondary equilibration of these ionic aggregates. We study this phenomenon of secondary equilibration on application of a thermo-electric field where an electrostatic field is maintained over the ionomer melt. The end goal is to achieve control over the size and distribution of the ionic aggregates by means of an external electric field. The characterization techniques utilized to study the onset of secondary equilibration are UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance analysis. The results indicate that the phenomenon of secondary equilibration is present under the application of a thermoelectric field as indicated by change in spectral and thermal data. A fundamental understanding of the secondary equilibration phenomenon and eventual prevention of the onset of secondary equilibration will lead to long term control of the ionic aggregates by means of an external electric field which will improve the function and utility of these ionomeric materials.
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Glazer, Evan S., Warna D. Kaluarachchi, and Steven A. Curley. "Hyperthermic Cytotoxicity Induced by Noninvasive Radiofrequency Field Exposure After Delivery of EGFR Family Targeted Gold Nanoparticles." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13172.
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Noninvasive radiofrequency (RF) fields heat metal nanoparticles in a concentration dependent fashion. Gold nanoparticles are especially interesting for biomedical applications because they not only heat well, but they have an established biosafety profile. Antibody-targeted gold nanoparticles have been used to induce hyperthermic cytotoxicity when exposed to RF fields. Two carcinoma cells lines, Panc-1 and Hep3B, were individually treated with 100 nM panitumumab and trastuzumab antibody conjugated 10 nm gold nanoparticles and subsequently exposed to an RF field for a total generator power of ∼100 kJ. Two days later, control cells treated with antibody labeled gold nanoparticles, but not exposed to the RF field, maintained an average viability of 92.1% ± 2.5% for Hep 3B cells and 89.1% ± 2.1% for Panc-1 cells based on flow cytometry. Panc-1 cells treated the same way with subsequent RF field exposure had viability less than 80% (p ∼ 0.001). Hep3B cells showed a similar decrease in viability after trastuzumab-gold treatment (74.5% ± 6.9%), but not panitumumab. This demonstrates a new and developing use of antibodies, specifically, against EGFR family targets.
Reports on the topic "Field-maintained"
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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Brenda K. Osthus. Safety. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208746.ws.
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Wildlife damage management (WDM) is an exciting field with many opportunities to provide solutions to the complex issues involved in human-wildlife interactions. In addition, WDM wildlife control operators (WCO) face a variety of threats to their physical well-being. Injuries can result from misused, faulty, or poorly maintained equipment, inexperience, mishandled wildlife, harsh weather, and dangerous situations, such as electrical lines. The goals of this publication are to: Develop an awareness of safety issues and adopt a mindset of “Safety First”, Review the major safety threats that WCOs face, Provide basic information for WCOs to protect themselves, and List resources for further information and training. Work in WDM poses many safety risks to those involved. Awareness, planning, and deliberate action can eliminate or reduce many threats. As the industry continues to develop, WCOs must keep up with new threats and safety practices to maintain their well-being. Following safe work practices helps to ensure WCOs remain on-the-job and injury free.
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Zarillo, Gary, Sara Ramos, Kristopher Effinger, Kristen Becker, Irene Watts, Katherine Brutsché, Brian McFall, and Douglas Krafft. Evaluating cross-shore sediment grain size distribution, sediment transport, and morphological evolution of a nearshore berm at Fort Myers Beach, Florida. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43780.
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Navigation channels are periodically dredged to maintain safe depths. Dredged sediment was historically placed in upland management areas or in offshore disposal areas. Florida state law prohibits placement of beach fill sediment that contains more than 10% by weight of silt and clay, which is typically a characteristic of dredged material. An alternative is placement in a nearshore berm. Some potential benefits of nearshore berms include wave energy dissipation, reduced cost of dredging and shore protection, and possible onshore movement of the berm material. This study considers sediment distribution, morphological evolution, sediment transport, and shoreline trends along Fort Myers Beach, Florida, related to the nearshore berm constructed in August 2016. Due to timing of the field study, this report also includes information on the influence of a major hurricane that impacted the area. The overall conclusion of this study is that the dredge-sourced sediment in the berm performed as expected. Within 2 years, the berm adjusted to the shoreface environment, maintained a large part of its original volume, and contributed to protection of the beach and shoreline. The impact of Hurricane Irma included a shift in sediment textures and a large but temporary increase in shoreface sediment volumes.
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Samish, Michael, K. M. Kocan, and Itamar Glazer. Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7568104.bard.
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This research project was aimed to create a basis for the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae an Heterorhabditidae) for biological control of ticks. The specific objectives were to determinate: 1) Nematode virulence to various. 2) Host-parasite interactions of nametodes and ticks. 3) Effect of environmental factors of tick habitats on nematode activity. 4) To test nematodes (anti tick activity) in defined field trials. Throughout the project 12 nematode strains from five species were tested in laboratory assays against all developmental stages of eight tick species. All tick species were found susceptible to nematode infection. The nematode strains the IS-5 and IS-12 of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were found to be the most virulent. Engorged adults, particularly females, were the most susceptible stages. Despite the high susceptibility, ticks are not suitable hosts for nematode development and propagation. Entomopathogenic namatodes enter ticks and kill them by releasing the symbiotic bacteria from their foregut. Under favorable conditions, i.e. moist soil, moderate temperature (22-27oC) and sandy soil, nematode efficacy against B. annulatus engorged females was very high (>5% w/w) and high animal manure concentration in soil adversely effect nematode efficacy. In field trails, nematodes were effective when soil moisture was maintained at high levels. The results indicate that under favorable conditions the nematodes show promise as a biological control method for ticks. However, we still face several potential obstacles to the use of nematodes under less favorable conditions.
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Watts, Benjamin E., Danielle E. Kennedy, Ethan W. Thomas, Andrew P. Bernier, and Jared I. Oren. Long-Term Durability of Cold Weather Concrete : Phase II. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39579.
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Recent laboratory results confirm that it is possible to protect concrete from freezing solely using chemical admixtures and indicate that the amount of admixture required may be significantly less than previously recommended. Researchers have also verified that admixture-based freeze protection can produce concrete that is durable to winter exposure for a minimum of 20 years, through petrographic examination of core specimens obtained from past field demonstrations. Freeze protection for concrete using chemical admixtures alone has been an area of active research for 3 decades; however, the most recent methodology recommends very high addition rates of accelerating and corrosion inhibiting admixtures, which result in significant challenges, including slump loss, rapid setting, and potentially excessive temperature rise. As part of a laboratory study, researchers systematically varied the dosage of freeze protection admixtures used in concrete cured in a 23 °F environment. Preliminary findings indicate that a 50% reduction in admixture dose maintained adequate freeze protection and resulted in compressive strengths exceeding those of room-temperature controls at 7 and 28 days. The combination of improved handling, reduced cost, and verified durability associated with the use of admixtures for freeze protection makes a compelling case for broader adoption of this technique in winter operations
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Moore, David, Damarys Acevedo-Acevedo, and Philip Gidley. Application of clean dredged material to facilitate contaminated sediment source control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45342.
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Navigation channels, turning basins, and other US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)–managed navigation infrastructure often serve as repositories for contaminated sediment from off-site sources. As much as 10% of the material that USACE dredges on an annual basis is contaminated such that it requires additional and more costly management (for example, rehandling and placement in managed confined disposal facilities). Presence of contaminated sediments constrain potential management options resulting in additional costs and opportunity loss from the inability to beneficially use the material. One potential solution is applying clean dredged material to stabilize and isolate contaminated sediment sources, preventing further transport and introduction to USACE-managed infrastructure. This document summarizes a comprehensive literature review of laboratory and field case studies relevant to using clean dredged material to isolate or stabilize contaminated sediments, focusing on the physical, chemical, and biological parameters critical to establishing its feasibility and long-term effectiveness. Potentially effective engineering control measures were also reviewed where erosion and site hydrodynamics are facilitating the transport of contaminated sediments to USACE-maintained navigation infrastructure. This literature review documents and summarizes those factors considered in establishing feasibility and long-term effectiveness of the approach as well as the applicable engineering tools employed and constraints encountered.
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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.
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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Reconnaissance surficial geology, Armit Lake, Nunavut, NTS 56-B. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313548.
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This new surficial geology map product represents the conversion of Map 45-1989 (Aylsworth, 1990) and its legend only, using the Geological Survey of Canada's Surficial Data Model (SDM version 2.3.14) (Deblonde et al., 2018). All geoscience knowledge and information from Map 45-1989 that conformed to the SDM were maintained during the conversion process. Supplementary, limited legacy information was added to complement the converted geoscience data. This consists of striations and field data from McMartin et al. (2013, 2015, 2016). It is identified in the accompanying geodatabase. The purpose of converting legacy map data to a common science language and common legend is to enable and facilitate the efficient digital compilation, interpretation, management, and dissemination of geological map information in a structured and consistent manner. This provides an effective knowledge-management tool designed around a geodatabase that can expand following the type of information to appear on new surficial geology maps.
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Surficial geology, eastern Fosheim Peninsula, Nunavut, NTS 49-H and 340-B southeast. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313536.
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This new surficial geology map product represents the conversion of the eastern map of Open File 501 (Edlund and Hodgson, 1978) and its legend only, using the Geological Survey of Canada's Surficial Data Model (SDM version 2.3.14) (Deblonde et al., 2018). All geoscience knowledge and information from the eastern map of Open File 501 that conformed to the current SDM were maintained during the conversion process. Supplementary, limited legacy information was added to complement the converted geoscience data. This consists of unpublished field data from D.A. Hodgson (1972- 1974). It is identified in the accompanying geodatabase. The purpose of converting legacy map data to a common science language and common legend is to enable and facilitate the efficient digital compilation, interpretation, management, and dissemination of geological map information in a structured and consistent manner. This provides an effective knowledge-management tool designed around a geodatabase that can expand, following the type of information to appear on new surficial geology maps.
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Surficial geology, Western Fosheim Peninsula and eastern Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, NTS 49-G and 340-B southwest. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313535.
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This new surficial geology map product represents the conversion of the western map of Open File 501 (Edlund and Hodgson, 1978) and its legend only, using the Geological Survey of Canada's Surficial Data Model (SDM version 2.3.14) (Deblonde et al., 2018). All geoscience knowledge and information from the western map of Open File 501 that conformed to the current SDM were maintained during the conversion process. Supplementary, limited legacy information was added to complement the converted geoscience data. This consists of unpublished field data from D.A. Hodgson (1972-1974). It is identified in the accompanying geodatabase. The purpose of converting legacy map data to a common science language and common legend is to enable and facilitate the efficient digital compilation, interpretation, management, and dissemination of geological map information in a structured and consistent manner. This provides an effective knowledge-management tool designed around a geodatabase that can expand following the type of information to appear on new surficial geology maps.