Journal articles: 'Field evaluation of spent mushroom'

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Muchena, Forbes B., Charity Pisa, Moses Mutetwa, Chido Govera, and Wonder Ngezimana. "Effect of Spent Button Mushroom Substrate on Yield and Quality of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (March 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671647.

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Disposal of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) generated after mushroom cultivation is a subject of great concern. Unplanned disposal causes land, water, and air pollution together with the nuisance in the surroundings. During recent years, environmental legislation has forced mushroom growers to think about more amicable ways of SMS disposal. Hence, farmers in different corners of the country are using SMS as manure for various field crops and horticulture but without any support of the recommended rates from scientific data and therefore may not be getting the optimum benefits. This study sought to evaluate the effects of spent mushroom substrate on the yield and quality of baby spinach. The experiment was conducted in Mazowe, Zimbabwe, with 5 treatments (10 t ha−1, 20 t ha−1, 30 t ha−1 of SMS, and two controls) arranged in a CRBD and replicated 3 times. Biomass production (fresh mass, dry mass, root length, fresh root mass, and dry root mass) and sensory evaluation were determined 35 days after planting. Results showed that increasing rates of spent mushroom substrate significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the fresh yield and quality of baby spinach. Application of spent mushroom substrate beyond 30 t ha−1, however, increased the bitterness of baby spinach. The results of the study present the potential of the spent mushroom substrate as an organic fertilizer for the production of quality baby spinach.

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Richardson, Paul, Gary Keane, Steve Long, and Deena Willmott. "Use of a monoclonal antibody in a field evaluation of the persistence and infectivity of Steinernema n. sp. D1 (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)." Nematology 2, no. 4 (2000): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509286.

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AbstractAt the end of a mushroom cropping house trial designed to determine the infectivity, to phorid flies, of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema D1 (isolate IOW45), the spent, nematode-infested substrate was deposited as a stack on the edge of a field. The introduced population of Steinernema D1 (IOW45) was monitored by bi-monthly sampling for eight months. The infectivity, to Galleria mellonella larvae, of nematodes extracted from cores of substrate taken from the stack, was determined. There was a decline (P < 0.01) in the numbers of nematodes extracted on each of the sample dates. After the first sample was taken, fewer (P < 0.001) nematodes were recovered from the top layer of the stack than from the bottom or middle layers. Nematode infectivity declined (P < 0.001) over the first two months in the field and then remained at a constant low level until month 8, when no G. mellonella were parasitised. After removal of the stack, subsequent soil samples taken from plots that had been underlying, or adjacent to it, were baited with G. mellonella larvae. Samples of the haemolymph taken from larvae that died in the soil were tested with a monoclonal antibody specific to the bacterial symbiont (Xenorhabdus sp.) of Steinernema D1 (IOW45). Using this method, Steinernema D1 (IOW45) was detectable in soil that had been underlying the compost stack for as long as 12 months after compost deposition. Utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux pour l'évaluation au champ de la persistanceet du pouvoir infestant de Steinernema n. sp. D1 (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) - A la fin d'un essai sur une culture de champignons sous abri, essai destiné à déterminer le pouvoir infestant du nématode entomopathogène Steinernema D1 (isolat IOW45) envers des Diptères Phoridae, le substrat utilisé, infesté de nématodes, a été rassemblé en une meule, au coin du champ. La population de Steinernema D1 (IOW45) a ensuite été évaluée par des prélèvements bimensuels pendant 8 mois. Le pouvoir infestant des nématodes envers des larves de Galleria mellonella a été déterminé en prélevant des carottes dans la meule de substrat. Il s'est révélé que le nombre de nématodes extraits diminue (P < 0,01) au cours des prélèvements successifs. Après le premier prélèvement, il est récupéré moins de nématodes (P < 0,001) au sommet de la meule qu'au milieu ou au bas de celle-ci. Au champ, le pouvoir infestant du nématode décroit (P < 0,001) pendant les 2 premiers mois et reste ensuite au même niveau jusqu'au huitième mois où aucun G. mellonella n'est plus parasité. Après enlèvement de la meule, des échantillons supplémentaires dans le sol situé sous la meule ou à proximité de celle-ci ont été pourvus d'appâts (larves de G. mellonella). Des échantillons d'hémolymphe provenant de larves mortes dans le sol ont été testés à l'aide d'un anticorps monoclonal spécifique de la bactérie symbiote (Xenorhabdus sp.) de Steinernema D1 (IOW45). En utilisant cette méthode, Steinernema D1 (IOW45) peut être détecté dans le sol situé sous la meule pendant une période d'au moins 2 mois après l'enlèvement du compost.

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Iuama, Miriam Rodrigues, Fernanda Gomes Leite, Nathália Roberta Cardoso Mendes Castanho, Victória Soares Soeiro, Gabriela Ribeiro dos Santos, Denise Grotto, Marli Gerenutti, and Angela Faustino Jozala. "Development of Ecobrick Utilizing an Agrowaste Composed of Spent Lentinula Edodes Substrate." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.280.

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The present study aimed production and evaluation of ecological bricks composed of spent mushroom substrate, in order to propose an alternative material in the scope of civil construction, which would reduce environmental problems related to its production. For this reason, spent mushroom substrate, an agro-waste discarded in the environment after mushroom harvest was evaluated to produce ecological bricks. The brick with spent mushroom substrate has a compression capacity of 0.8 MPa, while the standard brick, without spent mushroom substrate, has a resistance of 2.6 MPa, due to its porosity. The most abundant chemical element found was calcium and toxic elements were not detected. The greatest water absorption occurred in bricks made with spent mushroom substrate. Although water resistance and absorption are below the recommendations of building construction standards, the spent mushroom substrate bricks could be applied as sealing material and its production process reduced the consumption of raw materials, energy, water and the emission of pollutants.

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Prasad, Durga. "Evaluation of organics, antagonists and carbendazim against Fusarium wilt of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.2/500-505.

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In India, pigeonpea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.] wilt caused by Fusarium udum is prevalent in all areas it cultivated. Among the major soil borne diseases pigeonpea, the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium udum is one of the most important diseases and can cause 30-100% loss in grain yield. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, farm yard manure, spent mushroom substrate of oyster mushroom and the fungicide Carbendazim 50% WP against Fusarium wilt of pigeonpea in terms ofseed germination and disease incidence under artificial inoculation conditions during Kharif 2021. Among the treatments assessed, maximum seed germination (95.83%) was recorded in treatments in which seed were treated with Carbendazim 50% WP or soil amended with the combination of spent mushroom substrate+Trichoderma harzianum or spent mushroom substrate+(Trichoderma harzianum+ Pseudomonas fluorescens) prior to sowing. Maximum reduction in disease incidence (73.81%) of Fusarium wilt over the control was recorded in treatment in which soil was amended with combination of spent mushroom substrate+(Trichoderma harzianum+ Pseudomonas fluorescens). The results revealed that all the treatments applied as prophylactic measure, reduced the Fusarium wilt and increased the seed germination significantly over the unprotected crop.

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Guo, Mingxin, Jon Chorover, Rex Rosario, and Richard H. Fox. "Leachate Chemistry of Field-Weathered Spent Mushroom Substrate." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 5 (September 2001): 1699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051699x.

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Qureshi, Farhan Fareed, Muhammad Inam-ul Haq, Muhammad Naeem Aslam, Abuzar Abdullah, Abdul Nasir, Hafiz Muhammad Umar Qasmi, and Amina Batool. "EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF RHIZOBACTERIAL ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST AGAINST BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2024): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.862.

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Bacterial wilt, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, poses a significant threat to tomato crops worldwide. This study aims to assess the microbial potential of rhizobacterial isolates obtained from spent mushroom compost in suppressing bacterial wilt of tomatoes. Spent mushroom compost is a byproduct of mushroom cultivation and is known to harbor diverse microbial communities with potential plant-beneficial properties. Tomato leaves that were contaminated were collected from a number of places in the Rawalpindi Area, Punjab, Pakistan. Rhizobacterial isolates were collected from the rhizosphere of tomato plants grown in the presence of spent mushroom compost. These isolates were then subjected to laboratory evaluations for their antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. Selected rhizobacterial isolates were further characterized for their plant growth-promoting traits. The potential of these isolates to enhance tomato plant growth and confer resistance against bacterial wilt was evaluated through greenhouse experiments. Results indicated that certain rhizobacterial isolates exhibited substantial antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. Additionally, these isolates demonstrated multiple plant growth-promoting traits, suggesting a potential dual role in both pathogen suppression and plant enhancement. Greenhouse experiments revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato plants and increase in the growth promotion traits were observed while treated with the selected rhizobacterial isolates alone and in combination compared to control groups. The findings from this study highlight the promising role of rhizobacterial isolates associated with spent mushroom compost in managing bacterial wilt in tomatoes.

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Wu, Chiu-Yeh, Chih-Hung Liang, and Zeng-Chin Liang. "Evaluation of Using Spent Mushroom Sawdust Wastes for Cultivation of Auricularia polytricha." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121892.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of different spent mushroom sawdust wastes (SMSWs) and different proportions of SMSWs as potential substrates for the cultivation of Auricularia polytricha by evaluating yield and biological efficiency of the fruiting body. Nine SMSWs were respectively utilized as the main ingredient in the cultivation of A. polytricha. Then, spent Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus cystidiosus, and Pleurotus ostreatus sawdust wastes were screened among these nine SMSWs to be utilized as substrate and to determine the suitable proportion of SMSW in the cultivation of A. polytricha based on their yields and biological efficiencies. The highest yield and biological efficiency (total of two flushes) of A. polytricha cultivation on a single SMSW substrate was obtained with spent P. eryngii sawdust waste, followed by spent P. cystidiosus and P. ostreatus sawdust wastes. These three SMSWs were then applied in nine combination substrates, which were screened based on yield and biological efficiency for cultivation of A. polytricha. The combination substrate with the highest yield and biological efficiency of A. polytricha cultivation was P. eryngii (PES) + P. cystidiosus spent sawdust (PCYS) (235.4 g/bag yield and 58.85% biological efficiency); its yield was 1.62 folds higher than that of the control. From the results, we found that it was feasible to use spent sawdust wastes of P. eryngii and P. cystidiosus to replace sawdust for cultivation of A. polytricha.

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Chang, Hee Je, Young-Kyu Hong, Soon-Oh Kim, Sang-Woo Lee, Byung-Tae Lee, Sang-Hwan Lee, Mi-Jung Park, and Sung-Chul Kim. "Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Agricultural Field with Spent Mushroom Media." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 49, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2016.49.1.066.

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Ikeda, Shoji, Takahiro Watari, Masahito Yamauchi, Masashi Hatamoto, Hirofumi Hara, Shinya Maki, Masayoshi Yamada, and Takashi Yamaguchi. "Evaluation of Pretreatment Effect for Spent Mushroom Substrate on Methane Production." Journal of Water and Environment Technology 17, no. 3 (2019): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jwet.18-069.

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Gupta, V. P., and Vishnu Kumar. "Evaluation of spent biogas silage as casing soil in mushroom cultivation." Journal of Applied Horticulture 03, no. 02 (December 15, 2001): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2001.v03i02.18.

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Stewart, D. P. C., K. C. Cameron, and I. S. Cornforth. "Inorganic-N release from spent mushroom compost under laboratory and field conditions." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, no. 13 (November 1998): 1689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00264-2.

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B.S. MANKOTIA, J. SHEKHAR, R.C, THAKUR, and S.C. NEGl. "Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on rice (Oryza sativa) - wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system." Indian Journal of Agronomy 53, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v53i1.4830.

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A field experiment was conducted during 2002-03 to 2004-05 at Malan, Himachal Pradesh, to explore the possibility of an alternative to farmyard manure (FYM) as a component of integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system. Five organic sources, viz. FYM 5 Uha gobhi sarson straw 5 Uha, mushroom spent compost 2.5 Uha, FYM 2.5 tlha t gobhi sarson straw 2.5 Uha, FYM 2.5 Uha t mushroom spent compost 1.25 Uha, were applied in all possible combinations at three fertility levels, viz. 50, 100 and 150% of recommended fertilizer dose (RDF) to rice crop. Direct and residual effects of organic sources significantly affected the productivity of rice-wheat cropping system. Statistically equal rice and wheat yields were obtained with application of FYM 5 tlha (5.03 Uha rice, 2.48 Uha wheat) and FYM 2.5 Uha t mushroom spent com- post 1.25 Uha (4.94 Uha, 2.33 Uha), whereas gobhi sarson straw 5 Uha recorded lower yields (4.24 Uha, 1.99 tiha). Rice responded significantly up to 100% recommended dose (4.77 Uha); residual effects of fertility levels on wheat did not differ significantly. Standard control (1 00% RDF to both crops) resulted in significantly higher grain yield of wheat compared with mean of others receiving only 50% RDF. Nutrient uptake uptake (1 59.1 kg N, 35.0 kg P and 147.9 kg Wha) and net returns (Rs 41,5351ha) from the rice-wheat cropping system recorded higher values with FYM 5 Uha, followed by FYM 2.5 Uha t mushroom spent compost 1.25 Uha (1 55.0 kg N, 32.5 kg P and 139.0 kg W ha; Rs 39,132lha). The soil-available NPK status remained fairly constant under different treatments. Thus, FYM 2.5 tlha t mushroom spent compost 1.25 tlha applied to rice helped in sustained productivity and profitability of the cropping system statistically equal to that with FYM 5 tlha.

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Gao, Wenxuan, Junfeng Liang, Leticia Pizzul, Xin Mei Feng, Keqiang Zhang, and Maria del Pilar Castillo. "Evaluation of spent mushroom substrate as substitute of peat in Chinese biobeds." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 98 (March 2015): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.008.

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Ashrafi, R., MM Rahman, M. Jahiruddin, and MH Mian. "Quality assessment of compost prepared from spent mushroom substrate." Progressive Agriculture 25 (July 7, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v25i0.24063.

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Disposal of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) generated by the mushroom production industry has an adverse effect on the environment which leads to a deterioration of soil, air and water quality. Scope exists to use this substrate to produce good quality compost. The present study was done to assess the quality of SMS compost through evaluation of their characteristics and the chemical changes that occur during composting. Physical, chemical and microbial characteristics were determined by observing color, moisture (%), size reduction, weight loss, pH, EC, different nutrient contents and abundance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The result showed an increasing trend for the pH, N, P& S concentration and a decreasing trend for EC, OC & C/N ratio during composting period. As determined, the pH value (7.38) and the C/N ratio (21) were within the recommended range that used in different countries. The concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn & B were measured as 1.17%, 0.08%, 1.04%, 0.11%, 2.76%, 0.43%, 0.51%, 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively, all of which were within the recommendation limits. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and Ni contents were recorded as 0.007%, 0.001%, and 0.33 ppm, respectively showing their values within the maximum allowable limits. The concentration of Pb and Cd was below the detection limit. The SMS compost was free of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Hence, all these properties indicate that the SMS can be effectively used to produce good quality compost.Progress. Agric. 2014. 25: 1-8

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LaMondia, J. A., M. P. N. Gent, F. J. Ferrandino, W. H. Elmer, and K. A. Stoner. "Effect of Compost Amendment or Straw Mulch on Potato Early Dying Disease." Plant Disease 83, no. 4 (April 1999): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.4.361.

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Single potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Superior were grown in field microplots to evaluate the effects of spent mushroom compost or straw mulch on early dying of potato caused by Verticillium dahliae and/or Pratylenchus penetrans. Prior to planting, soil was fumigated, placed in field microplots, and then infested with pathogens. Area under the senescence progress curve (AUSPC) was greater for plots infested with V. dahliae and/or P. penetrans than for noninfested plots. Plants grown in soil infested with both pathogens developed symptoms earlier than plants grown in soil infested with a single pathogen. Both V. dahliae and P. penetrans reduced yields; the combination of pathogens reduced marketable tuber yields by 22 to 44% (A- and B-sized tubers). Although the total number of tubers of all sizes was not affected by cultural or pathogen treatments, the addition of compost increased marketable tuber weight and decreased AUSPC. Soil amendment with spent mushroom compost may be a means of reducing the effects of potato early dying and increasing tuber yield when one or both pathogens are present.

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Gümüş, İlknur, and Cevdet Şeker. "Effects of spent mushroom compost application on the physicochemical properties of a degraded soil." Solid Earth 8, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1153-2017.

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Abstract. Under field and laboratory conditions, the application of organic amendments has generally shown an improvement in soil physicochemical properties. Here, spent mushroom compost (SMC) is proposed as a suitable organic amendment for soil structure restoration. Our study assessed the impact of SMC on the physicochemical properties of a weak-structured and physically degraded soil. The approach involved the establishment of a pot experiment with SMC applications into soil (control, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 %). Soils were incubated at field capacity (−33 kPa) for 21, 42, and 62 days under laboratory conditions. SMC applications into the soil significantly increased the aggregate stability (AS) and decreased the modulus of rupture. The application of SMC at rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8 % significantly increased the total nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents of the degraded soil at all incubation periods (p < 0.05). The results obtained in this study indicate that the application of SMC can improve soil physicochemical properties, which may benefit farmers, land managers, and mushroom growers.

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Doğan, M., and İ. Karahan. "Evaluation of complete blood count parameters, cell ratios, and cell volume indices in mushroom poisonings." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 10 (June 19, 2019): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119855131.

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Objective: Mushroom poisoning is still a significant health-care problem, with the potential to affect blood parameters. The present study analyses the effect of mushroom poisoning on complete blood cell parameters, cell ratios, and cell volume indices and the effect of the mentioned parameters on prognosis/hospital length of stay. Methods: The study involved the retrospective assessment of 48 patients who became symptomatic after ingesting mushrooms. Patients who were 18 years and above and who spent at least one day in hospital were included in the study. The control group comprised individuals with similar characteristics to the patient group. The complete blood cell parameters, platelet indices (mean platelet volume, plateletcrit (PCT)), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio levels were compared between the two groups, and these ratios were analyzed for any correlation with length of hospital stay. Results: NLR was significantly higher and PCT was significantly lower in the mushroom-poisoned group, while all other parameters were similar between the groups. NLR had a positive correlation and PCT had a negative correlation with length of hospital stay. Conclusion: NLR and PCT levels can provide information about prognosis and can aid in the prediction of hospital stay in mushroom-poisoned patients. Further investigations are needed to investigate effects of intoxication on hematological system elements.

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Davis, Donald D., Larry J. Kuhns, and Tracey L. Harpster. "Use of Mushroom Compost to Suppress Artillery Fungi." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.4.212.

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Abstract Mushroom compost (spent mushroom substrate, SMS, mushroom soil) exhibits suppressive characteristics against various fungi, as well as against plant diseases caused by fungi. In addition, mushroom compost has physical and chemical characteristics that make it ideal for blending with landscape mulch to enhance growth of horticultural plants. There is currently an oversupply of used compost in mushroom-growing areas, where it represents a major disposal and regulatory problem. Concurrently, artillery fungi (Sphaerobolus spp.), which commonly live in landscape mulch, have recently become a plague for many homeowners due to the sticky spore masses they expel onto houses and cars. There is increasing interest among homeowners to control artillery fungi without the use of chemical fungicides. Therefore, we have explored the use of aged mushroom compost as a biocontrol agent for artillery fungi. The abundance of mushroom compost, as well as its antagonistic nature to fungi, made it an ideal candidate to blend with landscape mulch to suppress artillery fungi without the use of fungicides. We previously reported that 100% aged mushroom compost suppressed artillery fungi. In the current 3-year field study, we examined the suppressive nature of lower percentages of aged mushroom compost blended with wood landscape mulch. Lower percentages of compost did suppress artillery fungi, but the high variability in the data precluded detailed statistical analyses. Nevertheless, blending mushroom compost with landscape mulch may yield a possible solution for both the compost disposal and the artillery fungi problems.

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Davis, Donald D., Larry J. Kuhns, Kristen Akina, and T. L. Harpster. "Artillery Fungus Sporulation on 27 Different Mulches — A Field Study." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.3.117.

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Abstract During the last decade, the ‘artillery fungus’ has emerged from an interesting mycological curiosity that grows in landscape mulch to a problem of major financial concern to homeowners, insurance companies, mulch producers, and landscape contractors. This common inhabitant of landscape mulch produces sticky spore masses (gleba) that it shoots towards the light or towards reflective objects such as light-colored automobiles or house siding. We evaluated 27 different mulches in the field to determine their ability to support growth and sporulation of the artillery fungus. Each mulch type was inoculated in 1998 with the artillery fungus and the amount of sporulation (number of spore masses on targets) determined annually until 2002, approximately 4 years after inoculation. We grouped the 27 mulches into nine general categories that had common characteristics: mulches that originated from large piles of bark and wood mixtures, mulches blended with 5% compost, cedar mulch, mulches commercially designated as ‘bark’ but containing considerable wood, dyed wood chips, non-dyed wood chips, cypress mulch, large bark nuggets, and 100% spent mushroom substrate. The mulches obtained from large piles shredded blends of bark and wood supported significantly greater levels of artillery fungus sporulation than did other mulches. Such highly susceptible mulches should be avoided if the artillery fungus is to be minimized. In contrast, large bark nuggets, cypress mulch, and 100% spent mushroom substrate supported less artillery fungus. Other mulches supported intermediate levels of sporulation. All wood/bark landscape mulches will eventually support the artillery fungus over extended time periods (i.e., 34 years), and even more tolerant mulches should be replaced or covered with a fresh layer of mulch on a regular basis.

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Aamlid, Trygve S., and Peter J. Landschoot. "Effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate on Seed Germination of Cool-season Turfgrasses." HortScience 42, no. 1 (February 2007): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.1.161.

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Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is used by the turf industry in the northeastern United States for soil improvement. When tilled into soil at high rates, some turfgrass managers claim that SMS inhibits turf seed germination. The authors’ objectives were 1) to determine whether fresh SMS inhibits turf seed germination and, if so, which species are most adversely affected; 2) to evaluate whether any inhibition incited by SMS is the result of osmotic effects or toxicity of compounds in SMS extracts; 3) to determine whether any negative effect of SMS on germination can be eliminated by leaching the SMS-amended soil before seeding; and 4) to assess the performance of SMS on seedling emergence in the field. Germination of nine turfgrass species was evaluated in mixtures made from fresh SMS (electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract = 11.9 dS·m−1) and a loamy sand soil. Germination inhibition resulting from SMS was most pronounced in the following order: Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) > sheep fescue [Festuca ovina L. ssp. hirtula (Hackel ex Travis) Wilkinson] > Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) > hard fescue [Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina] > creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) > chewings fescue [Festuca rubra L. sp. commutata (Thuill.) Nyman] = strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaud.) > slender creeping red fescue [Festuca rubra L. sp. litoralis (Meyer) Auquier] > perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). SMS had a stronger negative effect on germination rates than on final germination percentages. Germination of perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass on blotter paper moistened with SMS extracts or polyethylene glycol of equivalent osmotic potentials showed that the inhibition was primarily the result of osmotic effects. In an experiment with a 50% soil/50% SMS (v/v) mixture, Kentucky bluegrass germinated better in pots that had been watered with 133% or 167% of the evaporation rate for 10 days prior to seeding than in unleached pots. Although the negative effect of SMS on seed germination was not confirmed in a field study in which ECe values never exceeded 4.1 dS·m−1, the authors conclude that incorporation of high rates of SMS represents a potential problem for turfgrass establishment.

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Wiśniewska-Kadżajan, Beata, and Elżbieta Malinowska. "The Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate on the Yield and Nutritional Value of Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101537.

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The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of mineral and mushroom substrate nitrogen on the yield and selected parameters of Festulolium braunii. To this end, a two-year field experiment was conducted between 2017 and 2018. Spent mushroom substrate was applied at three levels (10, 15 and 20 Mg·ha−1) and mineral nitrogen at four (30, 68, 105 and 180 kg·ha−1). Mineral phosphorus and potassium were used at one level only, with 60 and 150 kg·ha−1, respectively. The research also included the effects of the interaction between organic and mineral fertilizers and the determination of an optimal amount of nitrogen resulting in good-quality forage and a high yield. The plant used in the experiment was Festulolium braunii, an intergeneric hybrid of the Sulino variety. Treatment combinations significantly affected its yield, the content of total and digestible protein, as well as the energy values. For most forage parameters, the beneficial effects of mushroom substrate nitrogen and mineral nitrogen interaction were demonstrated, compared to the effects of mineral nitrogen applied on its own. The largest significant increase in the amount of biomass, was by 16% in comparison to plants treated with mineral fertilizers only (N4PK); a significant increase in energy level (by 17%), was recorded for grass treated with 15 Mg·ha−1 of mushroom substrate together with 68 kg·ha−1 of mineral nitrogen (SMS2 + N2PK). The highest dose of nitrogen contained in mushroom substrate applied together with the smallest amount of mineral nitrogen (SMS3 + N1PK) resulted in the highest increase in total and digestible protein concentrations in the grass, 18% and 21% more, respectively, than in plants treated with mineral fertilizers only. The interaction of mineral and mushroom substrate nitrogen did not significantly affect the digestibility of the forage and its concentration of net energy of lactation (NEL).

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Rinker, D. L., and R. Tetrault. "Mushroom Sciarid Control with Diflurenzuron (DIMILIN), 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.117.

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Abstract Twenty-four mushroom growing trays (0.37m2 X 0.15m), each containing 22.6 kg (72% water) of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure, were individually spawned with llOg of light cream mushroom spawn (MGA #801) and placed into a single mushroom production room. During the spawn run 480 female sciarids were released into the production room and an additional 1000 females 26 days alter spawning. For the test, Dimilin 25W at a formulation rate of 412 g/100m2 was applied as a drench to the casing surface in the first casing water application. Three pasteurized casing materials were used: (1) Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss, (2) mineral soil, and (3) mixture of weathered spent compost and Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss (1:1, by volume). Evaluation of diflubenzuron to control sciarid larvae in each casing type was measured through yield assessment and larval sampling in the casing.

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Kaur, K., M. Wadhwa, M. P. S. Bakshi, and S. Kapoor. "Nutritional evaluation of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju harvested spent wheat-rice straw as livestock feed." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, no. 9 (September 11, 2012): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i9.23662.

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A study was undertaken to assess potential use of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor- caju harvested spent wheat- rice straw as livestock feed. Wheat or rice straw [wheat straw (WS100RS0), wheat-rice straw in 50:50 (WS50RS50), wheat-rice straw in 33:67 (WS33RS67), rice straw (WS0RS100)] were used as substrate for the cultivation of these 2 fungi. The fibrolytic enzyme activity during spawning the substrate was highest in WS50RS50 and WS33RS67. The higher enzyme activity and mushroom yield in these 2 combinations were also responsible for high total ash and CP; low cell wall constituents in these combinations as compared to WS100 or RS100. Irrespective of straw combinations, the florida as compared to P.sajor-caju harvested spent straw had low OM, ADL and cell wall constituents. The net gas production (NGP) and NDF digestibility, irrespective of Pleurotus species was highest and similar in spent WS100 and RS100 and lowest in spent WS33 RS67 straw combination. Irrespective of straw combinations, the P. florida harvested spent straws had highest net gas production, digestibility of NDF and OM as compared to P. sajor-caju harvested spent straw combinations. The effective degradability of DM and NDF in spent straws increased linearly with increase in level of rice straw in spent straw mixture. The rumen fill values of spent straws declined with increase in proportion of rice straw, predicting higher voluntary DM intake of spent straw containing higher proportion of rice straw. The values were highest in spent straw mixture containing 100% rice straw. Irrespective of straw proportion in different combinations, the digestion kinetic parameters for DM and NDF revealed that P. florida as compared to P. sajor-caju spent straw harvested spent straws, had higher degradable fractions (a and b), effective and true degradability and low undegradable fraction and low rumen fill values predicted higher voluntary DM intake. The P. florida harvested spent straw was effectively utilized in ruminant system as compared to P. sajor caju.

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Yohalem, D. "The Effect of Water Extracts of Spent Mushroom Compost on Apple Scab in the Field." Phytopathology 86, no. 9 (1996): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-86-914.

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Stewart, D. P. C., K. C. Cameron, I. S. Cornforth, and B. E. Main. "Release of sulphate-sulphur, potassium, calcium and magnesium from spent mushroom compost under field conditions." Biology and Fertility of Soils 31, no. 2 (May 4, 2000): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050635.

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Lin, Huan-Na, Yu-Tao Wang, and Ming-Jun Zhu. "Evaluation of spent mushroom compost as a lignocellulosic substrate for hydrogen production by Clostridium thermocellum." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 43 (October 2017): 26687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.040.

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Okere, Samuel Echezonachi, Frank Ojiako, Chinyerum Gloria Ikechi-Nwogu, Chinwendu Augustina Ojiaku, and Nkechi Udochukwu Ezechike. "Nutritional evaluation of spent and uninoculated mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus grown on cassava peels and sawdust." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp1-6.

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This study aims to evaluate the role of edible fungi in the biodegradation of mushroom substrate by comparing the mineral and proximate composition of a pasteurized substrate before inoculation (BI) with the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on cassava peels and sawdust. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. The treatment for this investigation comprised different levels of wheat bran namely: T1 (C/N 17:0 in the control), T2 (C/N ratio 17:1), and T3 (C/N ratio 17:3). 2% lime was added to the substrate to stabilize the pH. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was replicated three times. The mineral and proximate compositions were determined using standard procedures. The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at (p = 0.05). The result obtained from this investigation reviewed that the mineral composition before substrate inoculation was significantly higher than those obtained from the SMS which were in the range: of Na (0.10-0.17 mg/kg), Mg (0.25-0.40 mg/kg), Ash (1.56-2.65%), Ca (0.62-1.40 mg/kg), K (0.25-0.42 mg/kg), and P (0.11-0.44 mg/kg) while the proximate composition is in the range: dry matter (81.6-93.3%), N (0.18-0.31%), crude protein (CP) (1.13-1.94%), crude fiber (2.84-4.82%). This result revealed that significant quantities of the nutrients unlocked by Pleurotus ostreatus were assimilated into the mushroom fruit bodies. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus could be used to enrich cassava peels and sawdust substrates which can further be utilized in the formulation of livestock feeds. However, further studies are recommended especially in evaluating more nutritional indices of the substrate.

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Coles, Phillip S., Galina Nogin, Michael Fidanza, and Greg Roth. "Evaluation of Fresh Mushroom Compost in a Field Corn Production System." Compost Science & Utilization 28, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2020.1749184.

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R, Madhanraj, Ravikumar K, Maya MR, Ramanaiah Illuri, Venkatakrishna K, Rameshkumar K, Veeramanikandan V, Eyini M, and Balaji Paulraj. "Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-haemolytic activity of edible basidiomycetes mushroom fungi." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2277.

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Mushrooms are used for a variety of biotechnological applications, particularly for the production of food, enzymes, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical compounds, feed supplements. Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi have been known for their nutritional values they can be considered as functional foods which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients. Mushroom represents a major and untapped source of potent new pharmaceutical products. A wide range of activities including antitumour, cardiovascular and antimicrobial are reported in mushrooms. In developing countries like India mushroom progress is a boon in the field of food, medicine, and in generating employment. The alternative systems of medicine utilize the curative properties of mushrooms. They are also known to possess promising antioxidative, cardiovascular, hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, hepato-protective and anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities of various extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi. Different Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi extracts (Hot water, Acetone and Hexane) were tested for antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities. Among these different extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi the hexane extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius showed potential antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activity. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi as natural sources for the pharmaceutical industry and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential biological activities. These findings encourage studying these fungal strains further for their potential biological applications.

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Choudhary, D. K. "First Preliminary Report on Isolation and Characterization of NovelAcinetobacterspp. in Casing Soil Used for Cultivation of Button Mushroom,Agaricus bisporus(Lange) Imbach." International Journal of Microbiology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/790285.

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Despite evaluation of large number of agroindustrial wastes for their use as casing material forAgaricus bisporus(Lange) Imbach cultivation, scant attention has been given to the importance of biological properties of casing materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the bacterial flora in casing layer, namely, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Spent Mushroom Substrate/spent compost (SMS/SC) (FYM+SC, 3 : 1) and FYM and Vermi Compost (VC) (FYM+VC, 3 : 1), employing partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Available data showed a significant variety of organisms that includedAcinetobacterandPseudomonasof theγ-proteobacteria, that were the most frequently encountered genera. This is the first preliminary report on the microbial diversity of casing soils and demonstrates the presence ofAcinetobacterspp. that has not been previously described in casing material.

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Albert, E., and D. Anyanwu. "Evaluation of Composting with ‘Spent’ Mushroom Substrate and Sawdust for Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2016/27080.

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Sallet, I., E. C. Chuku, and M. G. Ajuru. "Assessment of Two Varieties of Okra Grown on Spent Mushroom Substrate Amended Soil and their Associated Fungi." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE 8, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v8.no3.2022.pg37.44.

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Assessment of two varieties of okra grown on spent mushroom substrate amended soil and their associated fungi were carried out at the River State University Teaching and Research Farm. Spent mushroom Substrate collected from the Diplomat Farm was treated and three different concentrations (6.0, 12.0 and 18kg) were prepared and used as amendments on 12.5 kg soil, with the untreated soil as control. A total of four treatments were established Viz A1B1, A2B1, A3B1 and B as control for the field and green house experiments respectively. The local (C1) and improved (C2) varieties of okra were grown in a randomised complete block design in triplicates for the various treatments in the field. Fruiting of the treatment plants began at week 8 after planting in the field experiment for A1B1C1 and A2B1C1 (local variety) and A1B1C2, A2B1C2, A3B1C2 and BC2 (improved variety) treatments. Highest number of fruits (8.33±0.58) was recorded for the improved variety grown on A3B1C2 treatment. Meanwhile, the local variety on A2B1C1 treatment had highest fresh weight (9.35±0.07g) and dry weight (3.35±0.07g) of total weight of harvest. Fungi investigation on harvested fruits revealed the occurrence of three fungal organisms (Aspergillus sp., Mucorsp. and Penicilliumsp.). The local variety recorded more fungal organisms including Aspergillus and Mucor at incidence of 40% and 60% respectively. However, only Penicillium was recorded for the improved variety at an incidence of 100%. Generally, both varieties of okra completed their life cycle, although the amended soils supported better performance compared to those grown in the control soil. The improved variety had higher yield and less fungi contaminants than the local variety. Therefore, the cultivation of the improved variety should be encouraged

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Bauer Petrovska, Biljana. "An evaluation of the protein quality of some macedonian edible Boletaceae mushrooms." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 47 (May 2001): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2001.47.004.

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The nutritional quality of mushroom protein varies and is strongly affected by the relative proportion of each amino acid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the concentration of the amino acids present in mushroom proteins in order to evaluate the protein nutritional value. In this investigation fifteen field-collected mushroom samples of the Boletaceae family from various parts of Macedonia were included. After acid hydrolysis and pre-column derivatisation with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) determination of seventeen amino acids was carried out by the HPLC method. Tryptophan was determined spectophotometrically in the alkaline hydrolysates. The dietary protein quality of the investigated mushrooms was evaluated by comparison of the essential amino acid content with the reference FAO/WHO pattern. Essential amino acids made up 47-75 % of all determined amino acids depending on the origin and the species of the fruit body. Lysine was the most often found limiting amino acid in the investigated mushrooms samples. The nutritional value of proteins calculated by biological value, protein ratio, chemical score and essential amino acid index was very high in the majority of mushrooms studied. The biological value of the mushroom protein varied from 51.3 to 78.9 %. Protein amino acids accounted for about 66.7 % of the total nitrogen, suggesting that a practical nitrogen to protein conversion factor for this Macedonian edible Boletaceae mushroom may be considered to be about 4.17 on average.

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Kim, Young-Il, Jun-Sang Seok, and Wan-Sup Kwak. "Evaluation of Microbially Ensiled Spent Mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus) Substrates (Bed-Type Cultivation) as a Roughage for Ruminants." Journal of Animal Science and Technology 52, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/jast.2010.52.2.117.

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Ranathunge, N. P., R. J. K. Rajapaksha, K. Yogarajah, and M. H. W. L. I. Preethikumara. "Isolation, screening and in vitro evaluation of bacterial antago-nists from spent mushroom substrate against Colletotrichum musae." Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension 17, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tare.v17i2.5309.

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Zeoula, L., B. Calvo Agustinho, E. Machado, N. Woruby Santos, E. Henri Yoshimura, J. Maciero Bragatto, J. Luiz Pratti Daniel, and P. Toshimi Matumoto Pintro. "PSXIII-30 Evaluation of corn silage with addition of spent substrate from cultivation of white rot mushroom." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_3 (December 2018): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.956.

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Carnevale, Monica, Enrico Paris, Beatrice Vincenti, Adriano Palma, Mariangela Salerno, Ettore Guerriero, Raffaele Mancini, Marco Calcopietro, and Francesco Gallucci. "Combustion and Emission Analysis of Spent Mushroom Compost and Forestry Woodchip for Management and Energy Production." Fire 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6010009.

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Forestry woodchip and spent mushroom compost have commercial potential as sustainable residues in biological and chemical processes for energy production. This study focuses on the evaluation of agri-food industry waste energy valorization, with the aim to reduce the valuable biomass utilization for energy production without decreasing the process quality, thereby pursuing economic and environmental advantages. Burning trials were conducted in a fluidized bed biomass plant provided with emission abatement systems. The biomass mixture used for combustion was composed of pine and oak woodchip and spent mushroom compost. The biomass used was first characterized through compositional and energetic analysis, and subsequently, during the burning tests, a monitoring sampling campaign was carried out to analyze the gas and particles emission. Optimal combustion conditions were observed during combustion, with good oxidation of the organic material, relatively high CO2 production, and low CO concentration in flue gas. Nevertheless, SO2 concentrations in the combustion flue gas are greater than those found in the combustion of the most commonly used biomasses. In fact, the mixture compositional characterization revealed a non-negligible concentration of sulfur, which explains the high values of SO2 detected in emission. The obtained results confirm that controlled combustion, together with suitable biomasses utilization, preliminary characterization, and emission monitoring, are essential practices for the realization of a sustainable process, both from an energy and environmental point of view.

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Pandey, Krishna Raj, Yagya Raj Joshi, Sharwari Bhattarai, Dharmendra Joshi, Sobita Subedi, Prakash Kumar Pant, and Sushil Khatri. "Evaluation of local substrates as rice straw alternatives for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation in resource-constrained Darchula, Nepal." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 8, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804012.

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Oyster mushroom cultivation, though cost-effective, faces constraints due to seasonality and substrate availability. An experimental study was conducted in the resource-constrained Darchula district of Nepal from February to May 2022. The aim was to identify and recommend economically sustainable alternatives to rice straw for oyster mushroom production using local substrates in regions with limited resources. Six treatments; rice straw (T1), banana leaves and pseudostem (T2), maize cob (T3), sawdust (T4), grass (Eulaliopsis sp.) (T5), and spent mushroom substrates (T6); were employed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Statistical analysis of growth and yield parameters revealed significant results (P values ranging from P>0.001 to P>0.05) across all parameters. The maize cob treatment exhibited a shorter spawn run period (20.50 days) and the earliest pinhead formation (25 days). The highest total yield (3.14 kg) across three flushes was obtained from paddy straw, followed by T2 and T5, yielding 2.05 kg and 1.43 kg, respectively. Sawdust, despite its larger stalk (1.23 cm) and pileus diameter (7.72 cm), had the lowest production (0.63 kg). Maximum biological efficiency was recorded for T1 (139.63%), followed by T2, T5, and T3, respectively. Economically, T1 resulted in the highest gross margin per 10 kg of substrate (NRs.1845.22) and the highest B:C ratio (2.51), followed by T5 and T2. These findings highlight the promise of locally abundant substrates such as banana leaves, pseudo stems, Eulaliopsis, and maize cobs as economically viable alternatives to rice straw in regions with limited straw availability or unsuitable climates for rice cultivation.

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Alramli, N. H. M., and A. E. S. Alkurtany. "Evaluation of compost prepared from Prosopis and Alhagi plants as a medium and fertilizer for seedlings, growth and yield of tomato." Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.2.16.

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For clean a agriculture and a safe environment, this study was conducted, which included the preparation of a compost from Prosopis fracta and Alhagi maurorum plants, and evaluation Its as a medium for tomato seedlings production comparing it with peat moss, and as an organic fertilizer in comparison with a number of organic fertilizers - poultry wastes, cow with sheep wastes and spent mushroom compost residues, the results showed the superiority of the prepared compost over the peat moss in the speed and percentage of germination, plant height, and dry vegetative weight of tomato seedlings with a percentage increase of these traits amounted to 27.27%, 8.13%, 52.46% and 33.20%, respectively.. The results of evaluating compost as an organic fertilizer showed that the two treatments of poultry and compost were superior to mushroom residues, the mixture of cow and sheep manure in chlorophyll content, dry vegetative weight and fruit yield, as the chlorophyll content reached 52, 51, 48 and 50 SPAD, the dry vegetable weight of 776, 761, 633 and 643 g plant-1, the total yield of fruits 11.6, 11.1, 6.6 and 8.3 kg plant-1. The results of chlorophyll, dry vegetative weight of plants and total fruit yield of the combination of organic fertilizers - poultry wastes, compost, mushroom residues, and mixture of cow and sheep wastes- with 1/2 amount of chemical fertilizer NPK amount of 66 , 64, 57, 63 SPAD, 1125, 1123, 1076 and 1081 gm plant-1, 15.8, 15.7, 14.9 and 15.3 kg plant-1 respectively.

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El-Ramady, Hassan, Neama Abdalla, Zakaria Fawzy, Khandsuren Badgar, Xhensila Llanaj, Gréta Törős, Peter Hajdú, Yahya Eid, and József Prokisch. "Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.): A Sustainable Strategy for Myco-Remediation and Bio-Fermentation." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063667.

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The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. This review aims to focus on the biotechnological applications of the oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus L.) concerning the field of the myco-remediation of pollutants and the bio-fermentation of agro-industrial wastes as a sustainable approach to environmental protection. This study can open new windows onto the green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles, such as nano-silver, nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO. More investigations are needed concerning the new biotechnological approaches.

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Pardo-Giménez, Arturo, José E. Pardo-González, and Diego C. Zied. "Evaluation of harvested mushrooms and viability of Agaricus bisporus growth using casing materials made from spent mushroom substrate." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 46, no. 4 (March 18, 2011): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02551.x.

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Kamei, Ichiro, Takeshi Nitta, Yuma Nagano, Megumi Yamaguchi, Yumi Yamasaki, and Sadatoshi Meguro. "Evaluation of spent mushroom waste from Lentinula edodes cultivation for consolidated bioprocessing fermentation by Phlebia sp. MG-60." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 94 (October 2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.07.001.

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Herrero-Hernández, Eliseo, M. Soledad Andrades, Jesús M. Marín-Benito, María J. Sánchez-Martín, and M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz. "Field-scale dissipation of tebuconazole in a vineyard soil amended with spent mushroom substrate and its potential environmental impact." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74, no. 6 (September 2011): 1480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.023.

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Dhewi, Ratna Marta, Rakhmini Juwita, Suhartono Suhartono, and Veronica Kristiani. "Inovasi Budidaya Jamur Tiram Sebagai Penghasilan Tambahan Di Masa Pandemi." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat (JAM) 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jam.v8i2.15525.

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During the Covid-19 pandemic, residents of Talun Village in Rangkasbitung saw the benefits of oyster mushroom farming as an alternative source of income. The Community Service Team is primarily concerned with mapping the problem and developing a solution plan to raise the quantity, quality, and economic worth of oyster mushroom production. To attain the aims, participatory learning, field practice, monitoring, and evaluation are used. To ensure the sustainability of the cultivation, a total of 20 youth members of the youth organization were participating. The following innovation outcomes were achieved: 1) improving mushroom quality by increasing baglog nutrition with the addition of corn groats; 2) the introduction and use of mixing machines for mixing materials; 3) the introduction and use of autoclaves and boiler machines; 4) the use of manual log molds and folding plastic; and 5) mushroom harvesting technique innovation

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N. Sharma, U. G. Phutela, S. K. Khattra, and I. Singh. "Valorization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) along with rice straw as feedstock for efficient bio gasification." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, suppl (2023): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.050.

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Wastes generated after mushroom harvesting are known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS) which causes contamination of the environment. Anaerobic digestion is an economical and viable technology used for the management of several types of agricultural wastes, thus generating syngas that has many thermal applications. The current manuscript reports the potential of SMS for anaerobic digestion in five different combinations with rice straw, cattle dung, and bio-digested slurry. The kinetics of the biogasification process occurring in digesters was analyzed by modified Gompertz model. Results showed that maximum biogas (3,12,664 ml) was produced in digester C containing SMS, rice straw, cattle dung, and bio-digested slurry in the ratio of 8:2:1:1 as compared to control (48,968 ml) consisting of only SMS and water in the ratio of 8:2. Evaluation of feedstock for proximate and chemical composition recorded a notable reduction in total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content as compared to control. On the other hand, ash content showed a significant increase after anaerobic digestion. Modified Gompertz equation revealed that maximum biogas production potential (P) of 6,150.50 mLg-1 VS with a biogas production rate (Rm) of 134 mLg-1d -1 and lag phase () of 12.80 days was observed in digester C as compared to the control digester A (P= 12.24 mLg-1 VS; Rm = 8.56 mLg-1d -1; =8.80 days). The study demonstrated that the codigesting SMS with rice straw can be successfully implicated for producing biogas as an energy source rather making dumped at the village site for causing pollution.

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Chong, C. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST, TURKEY LITTER COMPOST AND MUNICIPAL COMPOST IN 18 WASTE-DERIVED CONTAINER NURSERY SUBSTRATES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 630 (January 2004): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.630.39.

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Hashim, S. N., W. N. H. W. Anuar, C. C. Tay, and S. H. R. S. Mahmud. "Evaluation on the effects of P. ostreatus spent mushroom compost and BAP hormone towards C. nutans in vitro culture." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 9, no. 4S (January 23, 2018): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i4s.55.

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Kwak, Sung-Woo, Hojik Kim, Jisu Kim, Yewon Kim, and Kyung Taek Lim. "Field tests for performance evaluation of a new spent-fuel verification system in heavy water reactor." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 03 (March 1, 2024): C03057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/03/c03057.

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Abstract The optical fiber-based measurement system has been utilized for inspecting CANDU-type spent fuel at the Wolsung site in South Korea under the nuclear safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In our previous studies, we developed a new spent-fuel verification system to address issues of the existing instrument. While our prior work primarily focused on equipment development, we had not yet conducted comprehensive field tests to assess its performance. Recently, we conducted field tests at the Wolsung Unit 4 to thoroughly evaluate the newly developed spent-fuel verification system's performance. This paper discusses the results of these field tests, with a focus on signal sensitivity, the system's capability to distinguish neighboring spent-fuel bundles, and the optical fiber background signals. Additionally, we conducted experiments to assess how different scintillation materials impact the system's performance, including p-terphenyl organic scintillator, PVT plastic scintillator, and lithium glass scintillator. The experimental results demonstrated that the new instrument equipped with the p-terphenyl organic scintillator outperformed the existing system. The p-terphenyl scintillator emerged as the superior choice among the three radiation scintillators. Signals that were previously undetectable using the Li glass scintillator were observed in the signals obtained with the p-terphenyl and PVT plastic scintillators. The remarkable performance of the new verification instrument is attributed mainly to the p-terphenyl's high light output and low decay time. The newly developed verification system is expected to streamline IAEA safeguards inspection efforts, reducing both time and the burden on nuclear operators. This report represents the first successful application of the p-terphenyl scintillator as a radiation detector in a wet spent fuel pool. The experimental findings presented in this paper are anticipated to be valuable for researchers working on radiation detectors suitable for high radiation environments in water.

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Guinn, Gerald R. "Field Test Evaluation of Solar-Heated Evaporators." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930000.

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The cost of disposal of liquid industrial waste is of intense concern to all industrial waste generators, but especially so to smaller generators which are penalized by the economy of scale. As a last resort to on-site treatment or recycling, the smaller generator is forced to depend upon commercial waste disposal at costs approaching $6.00 per gallon. The use of solar energy to evaporate water from aqueous wastes is a potentially viable alternative if the contaminants are salts having low volatility. This paper describes a field test conducted with a small solar evaporator installed in a machine shop. A naturally vented, basin-type evaporator was used to evaporate water from a spent plating solution used to anodize aluminum. Measured evaporation data validated performance predictions made earlier using TRNSYS and TMY weather data. The data also indicated that accepted correlation models for predicting performance of solar stills underpredict evaporator performance by about 20 percent.

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Kumar, Satish, and Rakesh Kumar Chugh. "Impact of Spent Mushroom Substrate Enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on Damping off Disease in Chilli and Tomato." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, Nov, 4 (November 3, 2022): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0470a.

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A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with T. harzianum on pre-emergency damping off (PED) and post-emergence damping off (POED) in chilli and tomato seedlings in nursery beds containing naturally infested soil with Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in the experimental field area of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU Hisar during 2018-19, 2019-20and 2020-21.The observations on disease incidence (%) were recorded up to 30 days after germination. A control without soil amendment was also maintained. The maximum damping off was at 22.5, 23.4 and 22.9% in controland minimum at 15.7, 15.8 and 16.6% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in chilliwhen SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of damping off disease incidence was minimum at 16.0% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 22.9% in control. The maximum damping off was at 18.1, 19.4 and 18.7% in control and minimum at 12.2, 12.6 and 14.8% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in tomato when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of disease incidence (%) was minimum at 13.2% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 18.7% in control.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Field evaluation of spent mushroom'

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