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Journal articles on the topic 'Field equivalence principle'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

LYRE, HOLGER. "A GENERALIZED EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 09, no. 06 (December 2000): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271800000694.

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Gauge field theories may quite generally be defined as describing the coupling of a matter-field to an interaction-field, and they are suitably represented in the mathematical framework of fiber bundles. Their underlying principle is the so-called gauge principle, which is based on the idea of deriving the coupling structure of the fields by satisfying a postulate of local gauge covariance. The gauge principle is generally considered to be sufficient to define the full structure of gauge-field theories. This paper contains a critique of this usual point of view: firstly, by emphazising an intrinsic gauge theoretic conventionalism which crucially restricts the conceptual role of the gauge principle and, secondly, by introducing a new generalized equivalence principle — the identity of inertial and field charge (as generalizations of inertial and gravitational mass) — in order to give a conceptual justification for combining the equations of motion of the matter-fields and the field equations of the interaction-fields.

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2

Yao, Kexin. "Negation of Equivalence Principle." Applied Science and Innovative Research 6, no. 4 (November 7, 2022): p88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v6n4p88.

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According to the electric charge and the elastic coefficient of the object independent of the motion of the object, and based on the similar properties of the gravitational field and the electrostatic field, it is concluded that the gravitational mass of the object is a constant independent of the motion of the object. However, experimental results show that the inertial mass of the object is related to the motion of the object. Therefore, it is considered that the principle of equivalence is not satisfied. As the object moves at a low velocity, the principle of equivalence is approximately true, so it is concluded that the general theory of relativity is applicable to all space celestial bodies. When the object is moving at high velocity, the principle of equivalence is not satisfied, so the general theory of relativity is not the truth. According to the principle of force balance, it is concluded that the velocity V of the black hole must be zero. Under the necessary conditions of V = 0, the existence of the black hole cannot be deduced according to the general theory of relativity. Therefore, it is considered that the black hole does not exist in theory. It is also estimated that the density of black hole is more than one million times the neutron density. It is believed that the black hole can never be a real material existence. The principle of black hole observation published on April 10, 2019 was considered theoretically wrong against the common sense of physics. The photos of the black hole halo taken at eight observation points in the world are judged to be untrue.

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3

DANIELS, J. M., and WEI-TOU NI. "NUCLEAR POLARIZATION AND THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 08 (March 14, 1991): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391000671.

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In this paper, we analyze the nuclear polarization of the spin-polarized Dy6Fe23 used in our two equivalence principle (EP) experiments. From this we infer the equivalence of polarized Dy in the earth’s gravitational field to be good to 10−3 and in the solar field to be good to 1.4×10−2. To increase the nuclear polarization in order to have better EP tests, we propose to use a dilution refrigerator to lower the temperature to 10 mK. We present a thorough analysis of our experimental scheme together with a discussion of perspectives.

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4

Putra, Fima Ardianto. "On the Semiclassical Approach of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation in the Strong Gravitational Field of Static Blackhole." Jurnal Fisika Indonesia 22, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfi.v22i2.34274.

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Heisenberg Uncertainty and Equivalence Principle are the fundamental aspect respectively in Quantum Mechanic and General Relativity. Combination of these principles can be stated in the expression of Heisenberg uncertainty relation near the strong gravitational field i.e. pr and Et . While for the weak gravitational field, both relations revert to pr and Et. It means that globally, uncertanty principle does not invariant. This work also shows local stationary observation between two nearby points along the radial direction of blackhole. The result shows that the lower point has larger uncertainty limit than that of the upper point, i.e. . Hence locally, uncertainty principle does not invariant also. Through Equivalence Principle, we can see that gravitation can affect Heisenberg Uncertainty relation. This gives the impact to our’s viewpoint about quantum phenomena in the presence of gravitation. Key words: Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle , Equivalence Principle, and gravitational field

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5

CAMACHO, A. "GROUP-THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 22n23 (July 30, 2000): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300001882.

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The transverse group associated to some continuous quantum measuring processes is analyzed in the presence of nonvanishing gravitational fields. This is done considering, as an example, the case of a particle whose coordinates are being monitored. Employing the so-called restricted path integral formalism, it will be shown that the measuring process could always contain information concerning the gravitational field. In other words, it seems that with the presence of a measuring process the equivalence principle may, in some cases, break down. The relation between the breakdown of the equivalence principle, at quantum level, and the fact that the gravitational field could always act as a decoherence environment, is also analyzed. The phenomena of quantum beats of quantum optics will allow us to consider the possibility that the experimental corroboration of the equivalence principle at quantum level could be taken as an indirect evidence in favor of the quantization of the gravitational field, i.e. the quantum properties of this field avoid the violation of the equivalence principle.

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6

WHITING, BERNARD F., and STEVEN DETWEILER. "RADIATION REACTION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 09 (October 2003): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803004109.

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The principle of equivalence is shown to extend to situations involving radiation reaction. For example, the Lorentz force law governs the motion of an isolated charge undergoing radiation reaction. In the case of an isolated uncharged particle of small mass, it is the geodesic equation which governs the motion, even when radiation reaction is included. For a local observer to understand such motion he must subtract the singular field of the particle from the actual electromagnetic and gravitational fields he measures. The remaining source-free fields are then used in computing the motion of the particle. With only local measurements, the observer has no knowledge of the existence of radiation and sees no effect which he would be compelled to describe as radiation reaction.

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7

Coutinho, F. AB, D. Kiang, Y. Nogami, and L. Tomio. "Dirac's hole theory versus quantum field theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-048.

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Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are usually considered equivalent to each other. The equivalence, however, does not necessarily hold, as we discuss in terms of models of a certain type. We further suggest that the equivalence may fail in more general models. This problem is closely related to the validity of the Pauli principle in intermediate states of perturbation theory. PACS Nos.: 03.65-w, 11.10-z, 11.15Bt, 12.39Ba

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8

Fiorillo, Damiano F. G. "Violation of Equivalence Principle at IceCube." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012158.

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Abstract We study the effects of a Violation of Equivalence Principle (VEP) on neutrino oscillations. We analyze the IceCube data on atmospheric neutrino fluxes to obtain updated constraints on the parameter space of VEP, with the benchmark choice that neutrinos with different masses couple with different strengths to the gravitational field. We find that the VEP parameters times the local gravitational potential at Earth can be constrained at the level of 10−27. The constraints from atmospheric neutrinos strongly depend on the assumption that the neutrino eigenstates interacting diagonally with the gravitational field coincide with the mass eigenstates, which is not a priori justified: as an example, if the basis of diagonal gravitational interaction coincide with the flavor basis, atmospheric neutrinos cannot constrain the model. Finally, we quantitatively study the effect of a VEP on the flavor composition of the astrophysical neutrinos, stressing again the interplay with the basis in which the VEP is diagonal: we find that some choices of such basis are already in tension with the flavor ratio of the diffuse neutrino flux measured by IceCube.

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9

HARPAZ, AMOS. "TWO TESTS FOR THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 03 (January 2011): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451100119x.

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The question: "Is the equivalence principle (EP) a general principle" is examined by analyzing solutions to two cases: 1. The Twin Paradox, and 2. Does a static charge located in a gravitational field radiate? The solutions to these two cases are given first by using EP, and then by physical analysis of the system involved. The fact that the two methods yield the same solutions, may be considered as test cases for the validity of the EP.

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10

Wex, Norbert. "Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle in strong field regimes." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100041221.

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A possible functional dependence of the ratio of ‘gravitational’ massmGand ‘inertial’ massmIon the gravitational self-energyEG,is called aviolation of the Strong Equivalence Principle (SEP).Weakly self-gravitating bodies are found in the solar system where lunarlaser-ranging data restrict the Nordtvedt parameter η to absolute values smaller than 0.001, (Dickey et al. 1994, Müller et al. 1995). To test higher order contributions one needs to consider strongly self-gravitating bodies such as neutron-stars.Small-eccentricity binary-star systems consisting of a neutron star (|EG|/mc2~ 0.15) and a white dwarf (|EG|/mc2~ 10−4) are excellent ‘laboratories’ to test the SEP in a strong-field regime. As shown by Damour and Schäfer (1991) a violation of the SEP would lead to a periodic change in the eccentricity of the orbit of the binary pulsar caused by the galactic acceleration. Thus the observation of old small-eccentricity long-orbital-period neutron-star white-dwarf binary systems put (with a certain confidence level) a limit on the violation of the SEP.

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11

Luo, Zhi-Xing, Bo Zhang, Jun-Jie Wei, and Xue-Feng Wu. "Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle with supercluster Laniakea's gravitational field." Journal of High Energy Astrophysics 9-10 (March 2016): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jheap.2016.04.001.

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12

Sangary, Nagula, and Natalia Nikolova. "Reduction of the Line-of-Sight Equivalence Principle." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081278.

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An improvement to the line-of-sight (LoS) approximation of the equivalence principle used in far-field computations is presented. In the original LoS approximation of the equivalence principle, the integral equation uses only the surface currents on the LoS surface, as well as the edge currents on the contour of the LoS surface, which is the replacement of the surface integrals over the shadow part of the surface. Here, we show that the integration over one type of surface current on the LoS surface and edge currents is sufficient, which reduces the resources required for the LoS radiation pattern computations by half. The proposed theory is a rigorous analysis of Love’s Equivalence theory with an introduction of the point-of-symmetry concept. The proposed method makes use of the vector-potential field representation to derive the improved LoS equivalence principle. The proposed approach is validated with the calculation of the far-field radiation pattern of a patch antenna using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations.

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13

Paunković, Nikola, and Marko Vojinović. "Equivalence Principle in Classical and Quantum Gravity." Universe 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8110598.

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We give a general overview of various flavours of the equivalence principle in classical and quantum physics, with special emphasis on the so-called weak equivalence principle, and contrast its validity in mechanics versus field theory. We also discuss its generalisation to a theory of quantum gravity. Our analysis suggests that only the strong equivalence principle can be considered fundamental enough to be generalised to a quantum gravity context since all other flavours of equivalence principle hold only approximately already at the classical level.

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14

ACCIOLY, ANTONIO, RUBEN ALDROVANDI, and RICARDO PASZKO. "IS THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE DOOMED FOREVER TO DANTE'S INFERNO ON ACCOUNT OF QUANTUM MECHANICS?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 15, no. 12 (December 2006): 2249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271806009686.

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It is commonly assumed that the equivalence principle can coexist without conflict with quantum mechanics. We shall argue here that, contrary to popular belief, this principle does not hold in quantum mechanics. We illustrate this point by computing the second-order correction for the scattering of a massive scalar boson by a weak gravitational field, treated as an external field. The resulting cross-section turns out to be mass-dependent. A way out of this dilemma would be, perhaps, to consider gravitation without the equivalence principle. At first sight, this seems to be a too much drastic attitude toward general relativity. Fortunately, the teleparallel version of general relativity — a description of the gravitational interaction by a force similar to the Lorentz force of electromagnetism and that, of course, dispenses with the equivalence principle — is equivalent to general relativity, thus providing a consistent theory for gravitation in the absence of the aforementioned principle.

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15

CHALUB, FABIO A. C. C. "On Huygens' principle for Dirac operators associated to electromagnetic fields." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 4 (December 2001): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000400002.

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We study the behavior of massless Dirac particles, i.e., solutions of the Dirac equation with m = 0 in the presence of an electromagnetic field. Our main result (Theorem 1) is that for purely real or imaginary fields any Huygens type (in Hadamard's sense) Dirac operators is equivalent to the free Dirac operator, equivalence given by changes of variables and multiplication (right and left) by nonzero functions.

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16

Jentschura, U. D. "Equivalence principle for antiparticles and its limitations." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 29 (October 20, 2019): 1950180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1950180x.

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We investigate the particle–antiparticle symmetry of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation, both on the basis of the gravitational central-field problem and in general curved space–time backgrounds. First, we investigate the central-field problem with the help of a Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. This disentangles the particle from the antiparticle solutions, and leads to a “matching relation” of the inertial and the gravitational mass, which is valid for both particles as well as antiparticles. Second, we supplement this derivation by a general investigation of the behavior of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation under the discrete symmetry of charge conjugation, which is tantamount to a particle[Formula: see text]antiparticle transformation. Limitations of the Einstein equivalence principle due to quantum fluctuations are discussed. In quantum mechanics, the question of where and when in the Universe an experiment is being performed can only be answered up to the limitations implied by Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, questioning an assumption made in the original formulation of the Einstein equivalence principle. Furthermore, at some level of accuracy, it becomes impossible to separate nongravitational from gravitational experiments, leading to further limitations.

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17

UNNIKRISHNAN, C. S. "THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE AND QUANTUM MECHANICS: A THEME IN HARMONY." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 15n17 (June 7, 2002): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007624.

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There have been many speculations that the equivalence principle might be violated in situations involving quantum systems in a classical gravitational field. Also, several authors have stated that experiments involving quantum systems contain quantum signatures, specific to the gravitational interaction, that are fundamentally different from what could be explored in classical experiments. I critically assess these statements and prove the validity of the equivalence principle for general quantum systems in a classical gravitational field. Further, I argue that there should not be any expectation of violation of the equivalence principle in the neutrino sector. I end with some comments on a basic formulation of the equivalence principle in the quantum context.

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18

Accioly, Antonio, and Wallace Herdy. "Higher-order gravity and the classical equivalence principle." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 34 (October 31, 2017): 1750185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317501851.

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As is well known, the deflection of any particle by a gravitational field within the context of Einstein’s general relativity — which is a geometrical theory — is, of course, nondispersive. Nevertheless, as we shall show in this paper, the mentioned result will change totally if the bending is analyzed — at the tree level — in the framework of higher-order gravity. Indeed, to first order, the deflection angle corresponding to the scattering of different quantum particles by the gravitational field mentioned above is not only spin dependent, it is also dispersive (energy-dependent). Consequently, it violates the classical equivalence principle (universality of free fall, or equality of inertial and gravitational masses) which is a nonlocal principle. However, contrary to popular belief, it is in agreement with the weak equivalence principle which is nothing but a statement about purely local effects. It is worthy of note that the weak equivalence principle encompasses the classical equivalence principle locally. We also show that the claim that there exists an incompatibility between quantum mechanics and the weak equivalence principle, is incorrect.

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19

Bjerrum-Bohr, N. E. J., John F. Donoghue, Basem Kamal El-Menoufi, Barry R. Holstein, Ludovic Planté, and Pierre Vanhove. "The equivalence principle in a quantum world." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 12 (October 2015): 1544013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815440137.

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We show how modern methods can be applied to quantum gravity at low energy. We test how quantum corrections challenge the classical framework behind the equivalence principle (EP), for instance through introduction of nonlocality from quantum physics, embodied in the uncertainty principle. When the energy is small, we now have the tools to address this conflict explicitly. Despite the violation of some classical concepts, the EP continues to provide the core of the quantum gravity framework through the symmetry — general coordinate invariance — that is used to organize the effective field theory (EFT).

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20

Li, Mao-Kun, and Weng Cho Chew. "Wave-Field Interaction With Complex Structures Using Equivalence Principle Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, no. 1 (January 2007): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.888453.

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21

HSIEH, CHANG-HUAIN, PIN-YUN JEN, KAI-LI KO, KEH-YANN LI, WEI-TOU NI, SHEAU-SHI PAN, YUNG-HUI SHIH, and RONG-JUNG TYAN. "THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT FOR SPIN-POLARIZED BODIES." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 17 (September 10, 1989): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001829.

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We perform an equivalence principle experiment for a magnetically shielded spin-polarized body of Dy 6 Fe 23. We use a single-pan mass comparator to compare the spin-polarized body with an unpolarized group of masses. The equivalence of spin-up and spin-down positions is good to (1.1 ±7.8)×10−9 in earth gravitational field.

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22

Unnikrishnan, C. S., and George T. Gillies. "Some remarks on an old problem of radiation and gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, no. 12 (October 2014): 1442008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814420085.

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The assumed universality of the equivalence principle suggests that a particle in a gravitational field has identical physics to one in an accelerated frame. Yet, energy considerations prohibit radiation from a static particle in a gravitational field while the accelerating counterpart emits. Solutions to the fundamental problems of radiation from charges in a gravitational field and consequences to the equivalence principle usually contrast the far-field and global nature of radiation with the local validity of the equivalence principle. Here, we suggest reliable physical solutions that recognizes the essential need for motional currents and the magnetic component for radiation to occur. Our discussion reiterates the need for a fresh careful look at universality of free fall (UFF) for charged particles in a gravitational field.

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23

ZHANG, YUAN-ZHONG, JUN LUO, and YU-XIN NIE. "GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS OF ROTATING BODIES." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 12 (April 20, 2001): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230100370x.

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We study two types of effects of gravitational field on mechanical gyroscopes (i.e. rotating extended bodies). The first depends on special relativity and equivalence principle. The second is related to the coupling (i.e. a new force) between the spins of mechanical gyroscopes, which would violate the equivalent principle. In order to give a theoretical prediction to the second we suggest a spin–spin coupling model for two mechanical gyroscopes. An upper limit on the coupling strength is then determined by using the observed perihelion precession of the planet's orbits in solar system. We also give predictions violating the equivalence principle for free-fall gyroscopes.

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24

Nordtvedt, Kenneth. "STEP's equivalence principle violating force field due to non-spherical Earth." Classical and Quantum Gravity 17, no. 13 (June 16, 2000): 2531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/13/306.

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25

Singal, Ashok K. "The equivalence principle and an electric charge in a gravitational field." General Relativity and Gravitation 27, no. 9 (September 1995): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02113077.

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26

Sakina, Ken-ichi, Suomin Cui, and Makoto Ando. "Derivation of uniform PO diffraction coefficients based on field equivalence principle." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 84, no. 2 (2001): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6432(200102)84:2<54::aid-ecjb7>3.0.co;2-y.

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27

Aichelburg, Peter C. "Is the equivalence principle useful for understanding general relativity?" American Journal of Physics 90, no. 7 (July 2022): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0010106.

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The equivalence principle (EP) is at the heart of general relativity (GR), tested in many aspects. In discussion, it is often referred to explaining qualitatively the influence of gravity on physical phenomena, but is this qualitative approach supported by the theory? We compare clock rates, frequency shifts, light deflection, and time delay in simple static spacetimes to the analogous phenomena seen by accelerated observers in Minkowski space. In contrast to previous studies, we do not assume that the gravitational field is weak and see, as we proceed, how the field is constrained by the EP. Special care is taken that results are only observer-, but not coordinate-dependent. By this, we clarify some of the issues raised in the literature and show which gravitational effects can and which cannot be simulated by acceleration. The paper may also serve as a starting point for discussions on the implications of the EP.

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28

Shalyt-Margolin, Alexander. "The Equivalence Principle Applicability Boundaries, Measurability, and UVD in QFT." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 24, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2021-24-1-38-55.

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This paper presents, within the scope of the earlier introduced measurability concept, a study of the ultra-violet behavior quantum field theories. It is demonstrated that in the case of the natural assumptions there are no ultra-violet divergences in these theories. In so doing, the methods of a lattice quantum-field theory are used. Applicability of the obtained results to different energy scales is discussed.

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29

Rengarajan, S. R., and Y. Rahmat-Samii. "The field equivalence principle: illustration of the establishment of the non-intuitive null fields." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 42, no. 4 (2000): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.868058.

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30

CHOU, YI, WEI-TOU NI, and SHIH-LIANG WANG. "TORSION BALANCE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT FOR THE SPIN-POLARIZED Dy6F23." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 28 (November 10, 1990): 2297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002638.

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We use a torsion balance to perform an equivalence principle test on a magnetically shielded spin-polarized body of Dy 6 F 23. The equivalence of this polarized body compared with unpolarized aluminium-brass cylinders is good to (3.1 ± 4.0) × 10−8 in the solar gravitational field.

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31

PONCE DE LEON, J. "THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE IN KALUZA–KLEIN GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809014418.

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In four-dimensional general relativity the space–time outside of an isolated spherical star is described by a unique line element, which is the Schwarzschild metric. As a consequence, the "gravitational" mass and the "inertial" mass of a star are equal to each other. However, theories that envision our world as being embedded in a larger universe, with more than four dimensions, permit a number of possible non-Schwarzschild 4D exteriors, which typically lead to different masses, violating the weak equivalence principle of ordinary general relativity. Therefore, the question arises as to whether the violation of this principle, i.e. the equality of gravitational and inertial mass, is a necessary consequence of the existence of extra dimensions. In this paper, in the context of Kaluza–Klein gravity in 5D, we show that the answer to this question is negative. We find a one-parameter family of asymptotically flat non-Schwarzschild static exteriors for which the inertial and gravitational masses are equal to each other, and equal to the Deser–Soldate mass. This family is consistent with the Newtonian weak field limit as well as with the general-relativistic Schwarzschild limit. Thus, we conclude that the existence of an extra dimension, and the corresponding non-Schwarzschild exterior, does not necessarily require different masses. However, to an observer in 4D, it does affect the motion of test particles in 4D, which is a consequence of the departure from the usual (4D) law of geodesic motion.

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32

UNNIKRISHNAN, C. S. "THE ACCELERO-MAGNETIC FIELD, THOMAS PRECESSION AND AN EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE FOR SPIN." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 07 (March 7, 2001): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301002985.

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In the weak field limit of Einstein gravity, there are gravitational analogues of the vector potential and the magnetic field. The equivalence principle guides us to a magnetic-like interaction arising from inertial acceleration. The spin precession due to this accelero-magnetic field is identified as the Thomas precession. Hence the torque that is responsible for the precession of the spin is identified as resulting from a physical interaction with a magnetic-like inertial-field. Once the equivalence principle is assumed to some accuracy, well supported by precision tests, this implies that the average effect of the accelero-magnetic field on a classical or quantum gyroscope is the same as that of the gravito-magnetic field on a gyroscope. Precision spectroscopy of spin-orbit doublets in atoms is hence an indirect high precision test of the existence and properties of the gravito-magnetic field. This also implies that the planned and current experiments will not see any deviations from the predictions of general relativity. This line of thought is extended to a brief discussion on the possibility of formulating an independent equivalence principle for the spin.

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33

Hermanto, Arief. "A Symbolic Computation of the Gravity Effect on the Electromagnetic Properties of Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.24.

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In principle gravity will affect everything. Although practically negligible it is legitimate to inquire the effect of gravity on the electromagnetic properties of materials which can be expressed as the relation between (d,b) fields (electric displacement and magnetic induction) with the (e,h) fields (electric and magnetic field strength). A sample of material in a weak gravitational field is equivalent with placing the sample in an accelerating reference field (which is the statement of the equivalence principle). By using the relation between the accelerating frame with the inertial frame we can compute the electromagnetic properties with the assistance of CAS (Computer Algebra System) Reduce due to the tedious algebraic manipulations needed to accomplish the task. The linear and isotropic relation in inertial frame (free of gravity), although still linear, becomes unisotropic and mixed up between electric and magnetic fields.

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Salguero-Lamillar, Francisco J. "Cognition and metaphor as bases for the Principle of translatability and the Principle of synonymy." Insights in Translation for Specific Purposes 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.2.1.07sal.

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The problem of equivalence in translation is sometimes falsely related to the translation of lexical meanings. In this paper we take the problem to the field of mapping cognitive functions among mental categories and their representations as concepts. This requires engaging all lexical and grammatical resources of the linguistic system and not solely considering vocabulary as the source of knowledge and information found in texts, be they oral or written. Thus, the problem of equivalence is solved by accepting the basic principles of translatability and synonymy, defined in terms of those mental contents that are behind the interpretation of complex linguistic expressions.

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Hehl, Friedrich W., and Yuri N. Obukhov. "Equivalence principle and electromagnetic field: no birefringence, no dilaton, and no axion." General Relativity and Gravitation 40, no. 6 (January 9, 2008): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-007-0601-5.

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Muñoz, Gerardo, and Preston Jones. "The equivalence principle, uniformly accelerated reference frames, and the uniform gravitational field." American Journal of Physics 78, no. 4 (April 2010): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3272719.

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37

Sonego, S., and V. Faraoni. "Coupling to the curvature for a scalar field from the equivalence principle." Classical and Quantum Gravity 10, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/10/6/015.

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38

HOU, LI-SHING, and WEI-TOU NI. "ROTATABLE-TORSION-BALANCE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT FOR THE SPIN-POLARIZED HoFe3." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 12 (April 20, 2001): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301003619.

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We use a rotatable torsion balance to perform an equivalence principle test on a magnetically shielded spin-polarized body of HoFe 3. With a rotation period of one hour, the period of possible signal is reduced from one solar day by 24 times, and hence the 1/f noise is greatly reduced. Our present experimental results give a limit of (-0.68 ± 0.90) × 10-9 on the Eötvös parameter [Formula: see text] and a limit of (1.8 ± 5.3) × 10-9 on the Eötvös parameter [Formula: see text] of equivalence of the polarized body compared with unpolarized aluminum–brass cylinders in the solar gravitational field, and a limit (-0.24 ± 0.55) × 10-9 on the Eötvös parameter [Formula: see text] in the earth gravitational field. This improves the previous limit on the Eötvös parameter [Formula: see text] for polarized electrons in the solar gravitational field by one order of magnitude.

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Sancho, Pedro. "Atomic stability and the quantum mass equivalence." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 35 (November 19, 2019): 1950293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502936.

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We consider an unexplored aspect of the mass equivalence principle in the quantum realm, its connection with atomic stability. We show that if the gravitational mass were different from the inertial one, a Hydrogen atom placed in a constant gravitational field would become unstable in the long term. In contrast, independently of the relation between the two masses, the atom does not become ionized in a uniformly accelerated frame. This work, in the line of previous analyses studying the properties of quantum systems in gravitational fields, contributes to the extension of that program to internal variables.

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Torromé, Ricardo Gallego. "On singular generalized Berwald spacetimes and the equivalence principle." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 06 (May 4, 2017): 1750091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817500918.

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The notion of singular generalized Finsler spacetime and singular generalized Berwald spacetime is introduced and their relevance for the description of classical gravity is discussed. A method to construct examples of such generalized Berwald spacetimes is sketched. The method is applied at two different levels of generality. First, a class of flat, singular generalized Berwald spacetimes is obtained. Then in an attempt of further generalization, a class of non-flat generalized Berwald spacetimes is presented and the associated Einstein field equations are discussed. In this context, an argument in favor of a small value of the cosmological constant is given. The physical significance of the models is briefly discussed in the last section.

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Sen, Kaustubha, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Tomotsugu Goto, Seong Jin Kim, Bo Han Chen, Daryl Joe D. Santos, Simon C. C. Ho, Alvina Y. L. On, Ting-Yi Lu, and Tiger Y.-Y. Hsiao. "Constraining violations of the weak equivalence principle Using CHIME FRBs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 5636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3344.

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ABSTRACT Einstein’s General relativity (GR) is the basis of modern astronomy and astrophysics. Testing the validity of basic assumptions of GR is important. In this work, we test a possible violation of the weak equivalence principle (WEP), i.e. there might be a time lag between photons of different frequencies caused by the effect of gravitational fields if the speeds of photons are slightly different at different frequencies. We use Fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are astronomical transients with millisecond time-scales detected in the radio frequency range. Being at cosmological distances, accumulated time delay of FRBs can be caused by the plasma in between an FRB source and an observer, and by gravitational fields in the path of the signal. We segregate the delay due to dispersion and gravitational field using the post-Newtonian formalism (PPN) parameter Δγ, which defines the space curvature due to gravity by a unit test mass. We did not detect any time delay from FRBs but obtained tight constraints on the upper limit of Δγ. For FRB20181117C with z = 1.83 ± 0.28 and νobs = $676.5\, {\rm MHz}$, the best possible constraint is obtained at log(Δγ) = $-21.58 ^{+0.10}_{-0.12}$ and log(Δγ/rE) = $-21.75 ^{+0.10}_{-0.14}$, respectively, where rE is the energy ratio of two photons of the same FRB signal. This constraint is about one order of magnitude better than the previous constraint obtained with FRBs, and five orders tighter than any constraint obtained using other cosmological sources.

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Torrieri, Giorgio. "Holography in a background-independent effective theory." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12, no. 07 (July 10, 2015): 1550075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887815500759.

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We discuss the meaning of the strong equivalence principle when applied to a quantum field theory. We show that, because of unitary inequivalence of accelerated frames, the only way for the strong equivalence principle to apply exactly is to add a boundary term representing the decoherence of degrees of freedom leaving the observable region of the bulk. We formulate the constraints necessary for the partition function to be covariant with respect to non-inertial transformations and argue that, when the non-unitary part is expressed as a functional integral over the horizon, holography arises naturally as a consequence of the equivalence principle.

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Gnatenko, Kh P., and V. M. Tkachuk. "Effect of coordinate noncommutativity on the mass of a particle in a uniform field and the equivalence principle." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 05 (February 5, 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316500267.

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We consider the motion of a particle in a uniform field in noncommutative space which is rotationally invariant. On the basis of exact calculations, it is shown that there is an effect of coordinate noncommutativity on the mass of a particle. A particular case of motion of a particle in a uniform gravitational field is considered and the equivalence principle is studied. We propose the way to solve the problem of violation of the equivalence principle in the rotationally invariant noncommutative space.

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SHEIKH-JABBARI, M. M. "ON IMPLICATIONS OF EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE FOR MODIFIED GRAVITY THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 14 (December 31, 2011): 2839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811020706.

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One of the manifestations of Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) is that a freely falling particle in a gravitational field is following a geodesic. In Einstein's general relativity (GR) this is built in the formulation by assuming the connection to be the Levi-Civita connection. The latter may, however, be demanded to be implied by the dynamics of a generic modified gravity theory, within the Palatini formulation. We show that for extensions of the Einstein GR which are described by a Lagrangian [Formula: see text], where gμν is the metric and Rμαβν is the Riemann curvature tensor, this manifestation of EEP is only fulfilled for a special class of Lagrangians, the Lovelock gravity theories. Our analysis also implies that within the above mentioned set of modified gravity theories only for Lovelock gravity theories metric and Palatini formulations are equivalent.

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Teryaev, O. V. "Hadron spin and external fields." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 39 (January 2015): 1560083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515600836.

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The interactions of hadron spin with gravity and electromagnetic field and their implication for hadron spin structure are considered. The extension of equivalence principle naturally leads to the closeness of vector meson magnetic moment to that of electroweak boson. This similarity is confirmed in the lattice QCD. The effective gravity in AdS/QCD allows to connect the [Formula: see text]-dependence of GPDs (and therefore electromagnetic and gravitational form factors) with [Formula: see text]-dependemce of TMDs. The possible cosmological implications of equivalence principle extension are discussed.

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Zhilkin, A. G. "RELATIVE PRINCIPLE OF FULL ABSORPTION." Metafizika, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2020-2-34-49.

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The paper discusses the principle of complete absorption, which plays the same role in relational theory as the principle of equivalence in general relativity and the principle of waveparticle duality in quantum theory. The physical essence of this principle boils down to the fact that a sufficiently large number of particles must be present in the Universe so that complete absorption of radiation from any source is possible. This implies complete equivalence, from the experimental point of view, of direct interparticle interaction and the interaction carried by a local field in spacetime. It is noted that in its classical interpretation the Fokker variational principle, on which the theory of direct interparticle interaction is based, contains a dilemma caused by two mutually contradictory necessary properties of the interaction action. One of the options for overcoming this dilemma is proposed.

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PIAZZA, FEDERICO. "MODIFYING GRAVITY IN THE INFRARED BY IMPOSING AN "ULTRASTRONG" EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 14 (December 31, 2009): 2181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809016065.

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The equivalence principle suggests considering gravity as an infrared phenomenon, whose effects are visible only outside Einstein's free-falling elevator. By curving space–time, general relativity leaves the smallest systems free of classical gravitational effects. However, according to the standard semiclassical treatment, indirect effects of gravity can be experienced inside the elevator through the well-known mechanism of quantum particle production. Here we try a different path than the one historically followed: rather than imposing field quantization on top of a curved manifold, we attempt to upgrade the equivalence principle and extend it to the quantum phenomena. Therefore, we consider, and try to realize in a theoretical framework, a stronger version of the equivalence principle, in which all the effects of gravity are definitely banned from the elevator and confined to the infrared. For this purpose, we introduce infrared modified commutation relations for the global field operators (Fourier modes) that allow us to reabsorb the time-dependent quadratic divergence of the vacuum expectation value of the stress–energy tensor. The proposed modification is effective on length scales comparable to the inverse curvature and, therefore, does not add any dimensional parameter to the theory.

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SINGH, PARAMPREET, and NARESH DADHICH. "FIELD THEORIES FROM THE RELATIVISTIC LAW OF MOTION." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 02 (January 20, 2001): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301002900.

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From the relativistic law of motion we attempt to deduce the field theories corresponding to the force law being linear and quadratic in four-velocity of the particle. The linear law leads to the vector gauge theory which could be the Abelian Maxwell electrodynamics or the non-Abelian Yang–Mills theory. On the other hand, the quadratic law demands space–time metric as its potential which is equivalent to demanding the principle of equivalence. It leads to the tensor theory of gravitational field — general relativity. It is remarkable that a purely dynamical property of the force law leads uniquely to the corresponding field theories.

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Maeda, S., and P. Diament. "Calculation of the Electromagnetic Field Behind a Building, Based on the Equivalence Principle." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 12 (December 2004): 3190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.836406.

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Lok Ng, Ka. "Equivalence principle and discrete symmetries of Dirac and Majorana fermions in gravitational field." Il Nuovo Cimento B 109, no. 11 (November 1994): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02726677.

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