Academic literature on the topic 'Field based sports'
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Journal articles on the topic "Field based sports"
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Herold, David M., Tim Breitbarth, Nico Schulenkorf, and Sebastian Kummer. "Sport logistics research: reviewing and line marking of a new field." International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-02-2019-0066.
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Purpose Although logistics management is a crucial part of local and global sports events, there is no research-driven characterization of “sports logistics management”. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a framework that allows for a more structured recognition of logistics in sports, in general, and sport event management, in particular. In addition, we conduct a systematic literature review of sports logistics management and locate opportunities for future research both for sports management and logistics management scholars. Design/methodology/approach Guided by Durach et al.’s (2017) systematic literature review approach, we identify key attributes and characteristics of sports logistics management. These are based on studies featuring at least partial aspects of logistics management in sports and sport events, and that were published between 2000 and mid-2019. Findings The study reveals that sports logistics management – meaning logistics activities in sports and sport event management – is a heavily under-researched area that provides an abundance of scientific opportunities. Based on the three sport event types of local/regional sport events, major sport events and mega sport events, the authors propose four sports logistics management pillars that are central to the proposed Sport Logistics Framework: venue logistics management, sports equipment logistics management, athletes logistics management, and fan and spectators logistics management. Practical implications By providing a conceptual framework for sports logistics, the authors progress towards informing the sport sector on relevant strategic and operational levels of logistics management and set the stage for empirical studies that are likely to advance sport logistics planning and management. Originality/value This is the first study that builds on a systematic review of literature specifically focused on the logistics aspect in sports and sport event management. It provides a conceptual framework of sports logistics management and offers an agenda of future research opportunities.
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Le, Zhi Qiang. "Research on Sports Simulation Technology Based on Virtual Reality Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3058.
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In recent years,the development of computer graphics technology and sensing equipment develop rapidly, and the virtual reality simulation technology should be more and more mature real environment. Application of virtual reality technology in the field of sport also becomes more and more widely. Based on the virtual reality technology application in sport and research field, we will discuss the implementation scheme of virtual scene based on virtual reality technology, for sports training and technical analysis to explore new ways and means.
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Li, Bao Feng. "Design of Sports Field Based on Nanometer Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.366.
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Nanomaterials have many special features; sports field provides a showcase for its excellent performance of the platform for the nanomaterial. This paper summarizes the application of building and ancillary facilities of nanometer materials in stadiums and sports apparel, nanometer materials more widely applied to the field of sports to provide certain reference.
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Zotova, F., A. Alhusni, R. Valiullin, V. Martynova, V. Chemov, V. Cherkashin, and M. Shubin. "THE CURRENT STATE AND ISSUES OF PREPARATION OF AN ATHLETIC RESERVE (BASED ON THE SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200111.
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Aim. The article deals with the analysis of the current state and issues of training sports reserve in track and field. Materials and methods. A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions and 57 subquestions of open-ended, close-ended and multiple choice types was developed. The questionnaire-based survey was carried out among Russian and Chinese coaches (n = 161) aged 20–72 years including Honored coaches of the Russian Federation (n = 7) and elite coaches (n = 38). Results. The questionnaire-based survey for coaches demonstrated that they worried about: declining popularity of track-and-field compared to other sports; early specialization and related risks; low qualification of coaches working with children and teenagers. Respondents pay special attention to negative consequences of early specialization such as early retirement from sport, loss of promising athletes; short career in elite sports; growing number of sports-related injuries in young athletes. According to coaches, the main factors contributing to early specialization are the following: a) specialized training, which results in a rapid growth of sport results; b) achievements in sports are so high that a coach has to search for sports reserve among children. According to the respondents, young athletes should participate in competitions to learn how to overcome themselves and accumulate competitive experience. The majority of respondents think that integrated training in track-and-field is one of the important factors of successful career. Conclusion. A social survey of coaches has revealed peculiarities and issues typical for training sports reserve in track-and-field, which have to be considered and resolved.
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Duthie, Grant Malcolm, Sam Robertson, and Heidi Rose Thornton. "A GNSS-based method to define athlete manoeuvrability in field-based team sports." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): e0260363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260363.
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This study presented a method of quantifying the manoeuvrability of two field-based team sport athletes and investigated its relationship with running velocity during competition. Across a season, 10 Hz Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) devices were worn during matches by 62 athletes (Australian Football League [AFL]; n = 36, 17 matches, National Rugby League [NRL]; n = 26, 21 matches). To quantify manoeuvrability, tortuosity was calculated from the X and Y coordinates from match GNSS files (converted from latitude and longitude). Tortuosity was calculated as 100 x natural logarithm of the chord distance (distance travelled between X and Y coordinates), divided by the straight-line distance. The maximal tortuosity was then quantified for each 0.5 m∙s-1 speed increment, ranging from 0 to the highest value for each game file. A quadratic model was fitted for each match file, controlling for the curvilinear relationship between tortuosity and velocity. A comparison of the quadratic coefficients between sports, and within sport between positions was investigated using linear mixed models. Resulting standard deviations (SDs) and mean differences were then assessed to establish standardized effect sizes (ES) and 90% confidence intervals (CI). A curvilinear relationship exists between maximal tortuosity and running speed, reflecting that as speed increases, athletes’ ability to deviate from a linear path is compromised (i.e., run in a more linear path). Compared to AFL, NRL had a greater negative quadratic coefficient (a) (ES = 0.70; 0.47 to 0.93) for the 5 second analysis, meaning that as speed increased, NRL athletes’ manoeuvrability reduced at a faster rate than when compared to AFL. There were no positional differences within each sport. GNSS derived information can be used to provide a measure of manoeuvrability tortuosity during NRL and AFL matches. The curvilinear relationship between tortuosity and speed demonstrated that as speed increased, manoeuvrability was compromised.
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Warni, Herita, Syamsul Arifin, Maruful Kahri, and Ramadhan Arifin. "The Potential of Water-Based Sports in Cultural Viewing." Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v5i4.19580.
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To some extent, the development of sport is influenced by the process of cultural formation. For this reason, it is necessary to explore the potential of culture-based sports by sports experts by paying attention to cultural aspects that allow their potential to be explored and in the end it is expected to produce reliable athletes. However, until now there is almost no research that specifically explores the potential of this culture-based sport. Therefore, this study aims to map the potential of sports that allow for breeding and coaching. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach, with the Naturalistic Inquiry paradigm. Data was collected through interviews, observations and document studies. Source of data for sports management, athletes and documents. The results showed: that 1). Water sports such as diving, rowing, and diving, especially in pool numbers, have the potential to be developed. 2). To be able to develop water sports properly, it is necessary to breed prospective athletes by taking into account the cultural background. 3) The need for continuous management and coaching. The research data is used as study material for local governments and stakeholders in the field of sports to be able to explore the potential of sports that allow them to achieve achievements both at the national and international levels.
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Zákravský, Jiří, Michał Marcin Kobierecki, and Ivan Štulajter. "Sports Diplomacy Research in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia. Emerging Field of Study?" Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0017.
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Abstract Sport is a complex phenomenon that academics across many social sciences are focusing on. The interest in sports has been observable for a long time by historians, anthropologists and sociologists. Scientists in the field of international relations are no exception. A typical way sport is studied in international relations is by paying attention to sports diplomacy. The study of sports diplomacy has become a pretty popular part of the research since the second decade of the 21st century and it is possible to observe the dominance of the authors from the American and British universities in sports diplomacy research. Based on the Web of Science dataset, at first sight, the study of sports diplomacy is not seen as a popular field of research in the Central European countries. On the other hand, this statistical measure does not describe a complex situation of what the sports diplomacy research looks like, how it is formed or how it reflects the thinking of the politicians on national public/sports diplomacy. Thus, the article aims to map sports diplomacy research in the Central European states, specifically in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia.
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Shang, Jian. "Research on New Sports Teaching Mode Based on Virtual Reality Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 6039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.6039.
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As one of the key technologies of the future development of the Internet, Virtual reality technique is more and more used in the field of Physical Education. Its appearance will subvert traditional sport sports teaching mode and education thinking, and brings a series of major changes for sports education. As for the limitations of modern sports teaching mode, this article is to analyze how virtual reality technique apply to physical education, and build a new sports teaching mode based on virtual reality technique and provide a more scientific, systematic theoretical reference for improving the quality of teaching and optimizing teaching methods with the combination of situational cognitive theory.
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Marwanto, IGG Heru, and Gandung Satriyono. "Formation of Field-Based Pedagogical Resources: The Role of Leadership of Regional Heads in Educational Sports and Sports Achievement." International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1549.
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This study is inspired by the limited educational resources in sports education, especially those that discuss the role of leadership in improving the quality of education and training of athletes in achieving the quality of human resources in the form of improving performance in sport. Through this research, it is hoped that a pedagogical resource can be used as a model, that improving the achievements of the young generation in the field of sport is not enough with the education and training of athletes, but strong leadership is needed by the Regional Head of Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, and the Indonesian National Sports Committee of Kediri City is the parent of the research. This method of research is qualitative. Data was collected using in-depth interviewing and participatory observation techniques. The results showed that the role of leadership in the education and training of athletes plays a very important role in improving the performance of sport in the area. Its form may be in the form of a leader's decision on the allocation of funds, monitoring, motivation and maximum moral support.
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Zhang, Huaibo, and Jianghua Zhu. "Practicability of Sports Goods in the Sports Field Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4964894.
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People are in the intellectual age. The use of technologies such as smart search engines, machine translation, fingerprint analysis, facial scanning, and self-driving makes people’s social and work lives happier. The intersection of artificial intelligence and other projects has also become the focus of research in the new era. This article uses comparative experimental methods and sampling methods, puts forward the evaluation method of association rules in the recommendation of sports goods, and compares the selection of sensors used by the five types of sports companies in the sports experiments. In the experiment part, according to the minimum confidence level, the two rules are met. Minimum confidence is a threshold defined by users or experts to measure confidence, which represents the lowest reliability of association rules. The conclusion is that 30% of users have bought running shoes and hiking shoes at the same time and 66.6% of users have also purchased sports suits; there are also sports suits purchased at the same time. All mountain bike users have bought sports gloves. The weight of Freescale is 0.2530, the weight of Bosch is 0.4457, the weight of ST is 0.0946, the weight of VTI is 0.0953, and the weight of Konix is 0.1114. The experimental results show that the selection result of the three-axis acceleration sensor is the SMB380 model of Bosch.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Field based sports"
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Spencer, Matthew. "Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint bouts : specific to field-based team sports." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0120.
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This thesis comprises one review paper and five experimental studies, all of which are presented in the form of journal article submissions. These six research papers attempt to further our understanding of the physiological and metabolic requirements of repeated-sprint activity, specific to field-based team sports. Although coaches and sport scientists have suggested that repeated-sprint ability is an important fitness component of team sports, this area of investigation has only become more common in the past 10 years.
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Weber, Jason. "Characterising individual running gait: A field based, scalable approach." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2533.
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Athlete physical preparation and rehabilitation in professional field-based sports are both extraordinarily complex tasks and ones in which hundreds of millions of dollars are invested across the world annually. The need for accurate and insightful information describing individuals is paramount to achieving successful outcomes in both preparation and rehabilitation.
With specific respect to running in team-based sports, the proliferation of geospatial tracking over the last two decades has produced a surplus of rudimentary displacement information which is often misinterpreted as describing how athletes run. Fundamentally displacement data e.g., distance covered in speed bands, average speed etc. lacks the detail required to describe a deep understanding of how an individual runs overground. This is specifically true when addressing the question of variability between limbs. Practitioners such as physiotherapists and strength & conditioning coaches are left only with outcome measures (distance/time) as an assessment of locomotor efficiency and effectiveness. At best, some practitioners seek to infer knowledge of running via the use of surrogate measures in activities such as vertical jump or its derivatives as an indicator of proficiency in or preparedness for running.
Historically the study of human gait in running has been restricted to the laboratory. All advances in our understanding of this area have come by way of instrumented treadmills and force plates, with the advent of multiple sequenced force plates providing unique insights in recent years. While these studies have provided invaluable foundational knowledge, the insights cannot specifically be implemented in the field due to the logistical and financial limitations of processing large groups of athletes through a laboratory setting.
Technical advances in wearable inertial motion sensors, such as accelerometers, offer a viable means by which to assess gait in an applied field setting at large scale. To date no specific research has been conducted to determine a scientifically valid methodology for utilising this technology in a highly applied and translatable manner.
The aim of this doctoral research is to describe a methodology (RUN SIGNATURE) for determining the characteristics of individual running gait via widely accessible equipment (commercial IMU’s) that can be scaled to assess large numbers of athletes. The development of this work serves to inform practitioners in the rehabilitation and performance fields about changes over time in running characteristics that may relate to output, injury, and associated rehabilitation. Further, this research seeks to scientifically substantiate RUN SIGNATURE via examination against four core elements of clinimetric evaluation; validity, reliability, discrimination, and capacity to describe change. In total the thesis is comprised of four studies and one extensive case study.
Study 1 is comprised of three independent investigations of the validity of RUN SIGNATURE. Synchronised data collected from both lumbar mounted accelerometers (housed in commercial IMU’s) and force plates in normal overground running is evaluated in the first two studies. First, criterion validity of the accuracy of determining ground contact time was established. Second, construct validity evaluation was conducted on the continuity of waveforms between the two signals to confirm the degree of agreement. In the third study assessing validity, a large historic data set was analysed across a range of speeds to determine if the accelerometer signal responds to changes in speed in a manner expected based on published laboratory-based research. The findings from these studies confirm the proposed methodologies as having both criterion and construct validity.
Reliability of the methodology was investigated in Study 2. This study was designed to evaluate both within and between day variation. An unexpected evolution within this study was the determination of reliability for speed windows. This finding radically improves the usability of the methodology as it specifies the speed range in which a practitioner can confidently assess the reported results.
One of the most unique aspects of this research was Study 3, describing the capacity to discriminate between subjects using the developed methodology. Using previously published research as prior established knowledge, the entire available data set (all collected in field-based running) was evaluated using a multiple cluster algorithmic approach (independent cluster techniques using centroid and neural networks) to determine if it was possible to “classify” the athletes against the model described by the prior established knowledge. Both clustering techniques resulted in very high level of agreement, and collectively conformed very closely to the prior established knowledge. Further, evaluation of each athlete via the models developed in the cluster analysis illustrated very clearly the degree of inter-athlete variability within the 50 strong cohort examined. These findings provide a unique framework to classify athletes based on their natural running mechanics. This framework contributes significantly to the fields of strength & conditioning and rehabilitation by providing baseline information on individual running mechanics not previously available. This insight has the potential to alter the training intervention design for many athletes toward a model more suited to their intrinsic needs as distinct from arbitrary training program design.
Data collected over 12-months of an AFL pre-season training and competition was utilised in Study 4. A linear mixed effects model approach was implemented, to examine the capacity of the proposed methodology to evaluate changes over time. Results were categoric in describing several inter-related variables and their evolution over the course of an AFL season in a manner supported by previous research. The results of this study further strengthen the practical application of the RUN SIGNATURE method.
The penultimate chapter is a thorough case study of a single athlete over a 20-month period. This athlete was profiled early in his AFL tenure, presenting with a significant injury history which was identifiable using RUN SIGNATURE. Over the ensuing 20-month period the athlete suffered two unique injuries which upon close and considered examination, using data developed using RUN SIGNATURE, can be demonstrated to be related. This finding was in complete contradiction to the medical conclusions delivered at the time. Further, a program design based on the findings of RUN SIGNATURE was implemented successfully, with the results again captured using RUN SIGNATURE and described in detail.
The general conclusion provided from the collective studies of this thesis support the use of RUN SIGNATURE as a scientifically plausible tool for the provision of unique gait characteristic data at scale in over-ground running. Further, and arguably more importantly, it has been demonstrated in detail the magnitude of variability within a generally assumed homogenous population. The level of insight provided by this work is unique as it offers the practitioner information that is simply not practically available by any other means in a team-based setting, in addition to a philosophical framework that demonstrably has an impact in changing training and rehabilitative intervention design.
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Krause, Jennifer M., and Kason M. O'Neil. "Implementing Synchronous Video-based Field Experience Supervision: Steps for Success." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4026.
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Cheng, Hui-Wen, and 鄭惠文. "Mining Sport Event Storylines Based On ConditionalRandom Fields Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y92aaw.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
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In this thesis, we propose a framework to mine sport event storylines from a collection of news articles. The proposed framework contains three phases. First, we preprocess the news articles by removing stop words, normalizing the variants for each word, and extracting name entities. Next, we employ a conditional random fields model to label the event category of each word in news paragraphs and derive an event vector for each news paragraph. Finally, we use the event vectors derived and name entities to compute the similarity between news paragraphs, and then generate the storylines for a given query. The experiment results show that the proposed framework outperforms the comparing method and can generate better understanding storylines. The proposed framework can help obtain some valuable insights for sport fans and team managers.
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Costa, Maria Luisa Barata Rocha Gagliardini Graça Ávila da. "Physical Education and Aesthetic-Ethical Education. Comprehensive analysis based on the contribution of teachers and researchers in the fields of aesthetics, ethics, sport sciences and physical education." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/83851.
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Costa, Maria Luisa Barata Rocha Gagliardini Graça Ávila da. "Physical Education and Aesthetic-Ethical Education. Comprehensive analysis based on the contribution of teachers and researchers in the fields of aesthetics, ethics, sport sciences and physical education." Tese, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83851.
Full textBooks on the topic "Field based sports"
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Moments in time: A broken field run through a lifetime of Baltimore-based sports stories. [Baltimore]: P. Baker, 1997.
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Alekseeva, Anna. Sports criminology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24136.
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For the first time in Russian criminological science, a scientific justification of the private criminological theory of cognition and prevention of crime in the field of sports, designated in the author's interpretation as sports criminology, is proposed. This particular theory is based on the author's own developed theoretical and applied concept of criminological assessment of crimes and their determination, United by a common sphere of public relations, which is formed around the organization of large-scale state and public sports activities and direct participation in it, provided with appropriate ideological, legal, economic, financial, pedagogical, technical and, in part, proper criminological resources.
The publication is intended for teachers, postgraduates, adjuncts, students, cadets of law schools and faculties with criminal law specialization, practitioners of sports management and law enforcement agencies.
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Ginzburg, Sergey. English-Russian explanatory dictionary of hockey terms. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24257.
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The dictionary contains more than 5000 eponymous, acronymic and figurative terms used in such a modern and popular sport in Russia and abroad as ice hockey. Special attention is paid to terms from the field of game technology, its history and rules. The dictionary includes figurative expressions that are actively used in modern hockey. Terminology from the field of sports medicine is widely presented-names of symptoms, syndromes, diseases, injuries that occur in hockey. The dictionary is provided with historical excursions-description of rules, traditions adopted in hockey, stories about famous players of the past, awards given in their honor. The dictionary also contains modern and historical names of hockey arenas in the world, indicating the names of the clubs that play on them, and the main technical characteristics of the arenas. The dictionary provides a wide range of typologies of hockey clubs currently playing and clubs that have become history.
The publication contains a large number of examples of the use of hockey terms in modern sports journalism and scientific literature. These examples are taken from articles by North American sports journalists describing each national hockey League championship game. The book is based on more than thirty years of experience of the author-a professional translator who has been a passionate fan of ice hockey since childhood.
The dictionary is intended for students of higher educational institutions who are studying in bachelor's and master's degrees in the areas of Linguistics, Journalism, Philology, International relations, Advertising and public relations, and Physical culture, as well as for teachers of these areas. This dictionary can also be useful for professional hockey players, coaches, referees, hockey commentators, and specialists. The publication will also be of interest to a wide range of readers who are interested in such a popular and actively developing sport around the world as ice hockey.
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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A study of high school track and field outdoor championships based on the events endorsed by the National Federation of State High School Associations. 1993.
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various. Sports Illustrated: Baseball. Random House Value Publishing, 1997.
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Glove Stories : The Collected Baseball Writings of Dave Kindred. Sporting News, 2002.
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Rofe, Simon, ed. Sport and diplomacy. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526131058.001.0001.
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The purpose of this book is to critically enhance the appreciation of Diplomacy and Sport in global affairs from the perspective of practitioners and scholars. The book will make an important new contribution to at least two distinct fields: Diplomacy and Sport, as well as to those concerned with History, Politics, Sociology, and International Relations. The critical analysis the book provides explores the linkages across these fields, particularly in relation to Soft Power and Public Diplomacy, and is supported by a wide range of sources and methodologies. The book draws in a range of scholars across these different fields, and includes esteemed FIFA scholar Prof. Alan Tomlinson. Tomlinson addresses diplomacy within the world’s global game of Association Football, while other subjects include the rise of Mega Sport Events (MSE) as sites of diplomacy, new consideration of Chinese Ping-Pong Diplomacy prior to the 1970s, the importance of boycotts in sport – particularly in relation to newly explored dimensions of the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games. The place of non-state actors is explored throughout, be they individual or institutions they perform a crucial role as conduits of the transactions of sport and diplomacy Based on twentieth and twenty-first century evidence, the book acknowledges the antecedents from the ancient Olympics to the contemporary era and in its conclusions offers avenues for further study based on the future Sport and Diplomacy relationship. The book has strong international basis because it covers a broad range of countries, their diplomatic relationship with sport and is written by a truly transnational cast of authors. The intense media scrutiny on the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and other international sports will also contribute to the global interest in this volume.
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(Editor), Craig Carter, and Dave Sloan (Editor), eds. Baseball Guide, 2002 Edition: The Ultimate 2002 Season Reference. Sporting News Publishing Co., 2002.
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Inside Baseball 1991. Scholastic, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Field based sports"
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Tarashima, Shuhei. "SFLNet: Direct Sports Field Localization via CNN-Based Regression." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 677–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41404-7_48.
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Buller, Dustin C., Esha Jain, and Alexis Colvin. "Outpatient and On-Field Evaluation of Sports Trauma in the Knee." In A Case-Based Approach to Knee Pain, 139–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15356-3_7.
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Yu, Xiao-dong, Ling-yu Duan, and Qi Tian. "Shot Classification of Sports Video Based on Features in Motion Vector Field." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing — PCM 2002, 253–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36228-2_32.
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Yuan, Jun. "Clustering and Evolution of International Sports Field Based on Multi-sensor Fusion Technology." In The 2021 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Systems for Internet of Things, 775–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3632-6_89.
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Sulaiman, Norasrudin, Izudin Idrus, Muhammad Zulqarnain Muhamad Nasir, Rahmat Adnan, Shariman Ismadi Ismail, and Mohd Hafdzam Osman. "Criterion Validity of Selected Cardiovascular Field Based Test Among Healthy Male Adults." In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014), 283–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-107-7_30.
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Xie, Bin. "Early Warning Model of Track and Field Sports Injury Based on RBF Neural Network Algorithm." In 2021 International Conference on Big Data Analytics for Cyber-Physical System in Smart City, 285–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7466-2_32.
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Hu, Ti, Jianghao Guo, Tao Zhang, Juncheng Liu, Xuezhang Sun, and Zhaohe Chang. "Analysis of the Development Trend of Artificial Intelligence Technology Application in the Field of Sports-Based on Patent Measurement." In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Thinking and Practice in Contemporary and Emerging Technologies, 337–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05906-3_25.
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Drust, Barry, and Mark Noon. "Field-based testing." In Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 136–41. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045281-24.
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Buckley, John P., Jennifer Reed, and Tim Grove. "Field-based assessments for determining aerobic fitness and exercise prescription." In Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines, 132–42. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045267-24.
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Kwauk, Christina Ting. "Empowering Girls Through Sport: A Gender Transformative Approach to Life Skills?" In Life Skills Education for Youth, 91–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85214-6_5.
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AbstractFrom the Pacific Islands to Sub-Saharan Africa, development organizations have positioned sport as an ideal tool for building important life skills that can be transferred from the playing field to day-to-day realities. Sport has also been positioned as a key space for girls’ empowerment, especially in contexts where gender norms limit girls’ mobility and/or their opportunities to engage in activities stereotyped as being for boys. But an approach that solely focuses on empowering girls through sport by depositing in her useful life skills ignores the structural conditions that have disempowered her in the first place. This chapter examines the gender transformative potential of sport-based life skills programs by exploring the skills that are being targeted, especially for girls’ empowerment, by the sport for development (SFD) community. The chapter then examines the implications for our understanding of life skills approaches to gender transformative social change, particularly as it pertains to addressing the conditions that have held girls back.
Conference papers on the topic "Field based sports"
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Xu, YingYing. "Research in the field of sports based on computer technology." In International Conference on Modern Engineering Soultions for the Industry. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mesi140711.
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Kuzmina-Rimša, Irina, and Rihards Parandjuks. "Analysis of Tennis Training Opportunities in the System of Latvian Sport Education." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.75.
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Tennis, a sport that can be played at any age, has become very popular in Latvia, and its prestige and commercialization have promoted the development of the sport in Latvia as well. However, taking into consideration that the tennis infrastructure is still not sufficient in quantity, there are not many opportunities to play it in sports schools. The study’s authors wanted to find out why public sports schools do not choose to include tennis in their range of sports sections. Currently, most young tennis players train in private tennis clubs. To clarify the situation, quantitative data surveys were conducted with representatives of sports schools, as well as qualitative interviews with specialists in the field of tennis. The results showed the impact of different aspects – the competence of coaches in the regions, infrastructure availability, and the funding model specifics. Based on the study’s results, the authors develop recommendations that should be followed so that tennis is more included in state sports schools. In this way, the mass formation of the sport would be promoted. Thus there is a higher probability of tending to a sport of increased achievement.
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Hu, Dandan, Changyu Dong, Yan-Rui Luo, and Ai-Min Ma. "Analysis on Present Academic Communications in National Traditional Sports Research Field-----based on 2000-2011 master theses on national traditional Sports." In The International Conference on Computer, Networks and Communication Engineering (ICCNCE 2013). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccnce.2013.13.
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Chen, Y. C., W. G. Li, Q. L. Yang, and L. L. Huang. "Design of Constant Pressure Water Supply System based on Profibus Field Bus." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.320.
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Liu, YingJin, and XiaoPing Liu. "Experimental research on the implementation of auxiliary teaching of track and field course based on Wechat platform." In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology and Contemporary Sports (TCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcs52929.2021.00049.
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Aleksandrova, Velichka. "ADAPTED FOOTBALL PROGRAM TO DEVELOP THE MOTOR SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/99.
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ABSTRACT Adapted physical activity and sport is the art and science of development, implementation and control of a specially designed program in a given type of sport for children with various disabilities. The purpose of the present study is to develop and prove the effectiveness of an adapted football program for developing the motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities. The subject of research is the effectiveness of the adapted soccer program, and the subject of the research is the motor qualities of children with intellectual disabilities. Methodology: Participants in the study are a total of 20 children with intellectual disabilities from the SC Adapted Sports. They are divided into two groups: Experimental - includes 10 children participating in a specialized program in adapted football and Control - includes 10 children participating in standard activities in adapted physical activity. Classes were held twice a week according to a previously prepared program that met the specific needs of the children being taught. We used a 20 / 40 m field for mini football with high-quality artificial grass in the „Green Sport“ Sports Complex, Sofia. The experimental program includes a variety of motor actions, with which the goal and tasks of the study were realized. Her duration of application was a total of 9 months. Results: After the applied statistical computer processing, an analysis of the working material of our study was made. To objectify the results of the experiment, the data were systematized and subjected to variation and comparative analysis. Based on the obtained results and their analysis, we found that the experimented program on adapted football for developing the motor qualities of children with intellectual disabilities is effective, observing a tendency to improve the studied indicators of physical ability and functional state. The selection of appropriate tests was fully tailored to the individual characteristics of the children in the target group.
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Ding, Xianqiong, Xiao He, and Xiaolong Lu. "Metrology Analysis of Track and Field Teaching Material Research in China Based on the Method of CiteSpace V." In 2020 International Conference on Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Health (ICSSPEH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200804.111.
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Chen, Defang. "Research on the Evaluation Model of Improper Exercises and Injuries in Track and Field Sports Based on Big Data Network." In ICISCAE 2021: 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3482632.3487512.
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Dimitrova, Albena. "CURRENT SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO TENNIS IN THE SYSTEM OF BULGARIAN SCHOOL EDUCATION." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/137.
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ABSTRACT The scientific report is dedicated to problems related to tennis at the Institute of Education, which participates in the processes of socialization to sports through sports programs. Research interest is also related to the opportunities for adequate socialization through tennis, as a major mechanism for maintaining social order in modern society. The aim of the empirical sociological research is to reveal some aspects related to the main forms of physical education classes for students and organized independent extracurricular activities in tennis in the system of Bulgarian school education and subsequent adequate socialization through sports. The object of this study are a total of 120 students from municipal and private schools in Sofia and Plovdiv. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology of research of literature sources, observation, talk, content analysis is applied. Specially developed questionnaires were used. Based on an in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data related to the issues in different schools, the attitude to the learning process is studied, different aspects of the activities are analyzed and practical measures for improving student preparation are outlined, including opportunities for additional funding for schools. Conclusion: knowledge and creative mastery of knowledge in this field of science and their application in practice changes in a positive direction the physical development and ability to work, and as a result the health and academic performance of students.
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Liu, Joseph, Ximing Wang, Sneha Verma, Jill McNitt-Gray, and Brent Liu. "The development of an imaging informatics-based multi-institutional platform to support sports performance and injury prevention in track and field." In Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, edited by Jianguo Zhang and Po-Hao Chen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2297665.
Full textReports on the topic "Field based sports"
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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Role of Phosphorylation in Fungal Spore Germination. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568761.bard.
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Spore germination is a common and fundamental event in fungal development and in many instances an essential phase of fungal infection and dissemination. Spore germination is also critical for hyperparasites to function as biocontrol agents as well as in fermentation proceses. Our common objective is to understand the mechanisms which regulated spore germination and identify factors involved in pathogenicity related prepenetration development. Our approach is to exploit the overall similarity among filamentous fungi using both a plant pathogen (Colletotricum trifolii) and a model system that is genetically sophisticated (Neurospora crassa). The simulataneous use of two organisms has the advantage of the available tools in Neurospora to rapidly advance the functional analysis of genes involved in spore germination and development of an economically important fungal phytopathogen. Towards this we have isolated a protein kinase gene from C. trifolii (TB3) that is maximally expressed during the first hour of conidial germination and prior to any visible gene tube formation. Based on sequence similarities with other organisms, this gene is likely to be involved in the proliferative response in the fungus. In addition, TB3 was able to functionally complement a N. crassa mutant (COT-1). Pharmacological studies indicated the importance of calmodulin in both germination and appressorium differentiation. Using an antisense vector from N. crassa, direct inhibition of calmodulin results in prevention of differentiation as well as pathogenicity. Both cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) like genes have been cloned from C. trifolii. Biochemical inhibition of PKA prevents germination; biochemical inhibitors of PKC prevents appressorium differentiation. In order to analyze reversible phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism, some ser.thr dephosphorylative events have also been analyzed. Type 2A and Type 2B (calcineurin) phosphatases have been identified and structurally and functionally analyzed in N. crassa during this project. Both phosphatases are essential for hyphal growth and maintenance of proper hyphal architecture. In addition, a first novel-type (PPT/PP5-like) ser/thr phosphatase has been identified in a filamentous fungus. The highly collaborative project has improved our understanding of a fundamental process in fungi, and has identified targets which can be used to develop new approaches for control of fungal plant pathogens as well as improve the performance of beneficial fungi in the field and in industry. In addition, the feasibility of molecular technology transfer in comparative mycology has been demonstrated.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.
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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
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Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.
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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
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Ullman, Diane, James Moyer, Benjamin Raccah, Abed Gera, Meir Klein, and Jacob Cohen. Tospoviruses Infecting Bulb Crops: Evolution, Diversity, Vector Specificity and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695847.bard.
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Objectives. The overall goal of the proposed research was to develop a mechanistic understanding of tospovirus evolution, diversity and vector specificity that could be applied to development of novel methods for limiting virus establishment and spread. Our specific objectives were: 1) To characterize newly intercepted tospoviruses in onion, Hippeastrum and other bulb crops and compare them with the known tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and its isolates; 2) To characterize intra- and interspecific variation in the virus transmission by thrips of the new and distinct tospoviruses. and, 3) To determine the basis of vector specificity using biological, cellular and molecular approaches. Background. New tospoviruses infecting bulb crops were detected in Israel and the US in the mid-90s. Their plant host ranges and relationships with thrips vectors showed they differed from the type member of the Tospovirus genus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Outbreaks of these new viruses caused serious crop losses in both countries, and in agricultural and ornamental crops elsewhere. In the realm of plant infecting viruses, the tospoviruses (genus: Tospovirus , family: Bunyaviridae ) are among the most aggressive emerging viruses. Tospoviruses are transmitted by several species of thrips in a persistent, propagative fashion and the relationships between the viruses and their thrips vectors are often specific. With the emergence of new tospoviruses, new thrips vector/tospovirus relationships have also arisen and vector specificities have changed. There is known specificity between thrips vector species and particular tospoviruses, although the cellular and molecular bases for this specificity have been elusive. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. We demonstrated that a new tospovirus, iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) caused "straw bleaching" in onion (Allium cepa) and lisianthus necrosis in lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum). Characterization of virus isolates revealed genetic diversity among US, Brazilian, Dutch and Israeli isolates. IYSV was not seed transmitted, and in Israel, was not located in bulbs of infected plants. In the US, infected plants were generated from infected bulbs. The relationship between IYSV and Thrips tabaci was shown to be specific. Frankliniella occidentalis, the primary vector of many other tospoviruses, did not transmit IYSV isolates in Israel or the US. Furthermore, 1': tabaci populations varied in their transmission ability. Transmission was correlated to IYSV presence in thrips salivary glands. In Israel, surveys in onion fields revealed that the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the predominant species and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV infection. In contrast, in the U.S., T. tabaci and F. occidentalis were present in high numbers during the times sampled. In Israel, insecticides reduced onion thrips population and caused a significant yield increase. In the US, a genetic marker system that differentiates non-thrips transmissible isolates from thrips transmissible isolate demonstrated the importance of the M RNA to thrips transmission of tospoviruses. In addition, a symbiotic Erwinia was discovered in thrips and was shown to cause significant artifacts in certain types of virus binding experiments. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Rapid emergence of distinct tospoviruses and new vector relationships is profoundly important to global agriculture. We advanced the understanding of IYSV in bulb crops and its relationships with thrips vector species. The knowledge gained provided growers with new strategies for control and new tools for studying the importance of particular viral proteins in thrips specificity and transmission efficiency.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor