Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibrous matrices'
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Gavara, Poondi Rajesh [Verfasser]. "Fibrous Adsorbents as Novel Chromatography Matrices for Enhancing Industrial Downstream Processing of Bioproducts / Poondi Rajesh Gavara." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035269422/34.
Full textHalasová, Martina. "Optimalizace rozhraní vlákno matrice u kompozitů s keramickou matricí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216679.
Full textGarkhail, Sanjeev Kumar. "Composites based on natural fibres and thermoplastic matrices." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1700.
Full textFerreira, Pedro José de Oliveira. "Matrizes fibrosas de biopolímeros produzidas por electrospinning." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3011.
Full textO trabalho descreve a preparação e caracterização de matrizes nanofibrosas obtidas por electrospinning combinando o álcool polivinílico (PVA) como polímero de suporte e o quitosano e o sulfato de dextrano como biopolímeros polielectrólitos com capacidade para conferir potencial bioactividade e propriedades funcionais atractivas. Foram determinadas e caracterizadas as concentrações poliméricas ideais em solução para a preparação das matrizes. Soluções que combinem elevada condutividade eléctrica e viscosidade intermédia revelaram-se mais eficazes para este processo. Concentrações de 9% (m/v) para o PVA, 0,5% (m/v) para o quitosano e 170% (m/v) para o sulfato de dextrano revelaram-se as mais apropriadas para a produção de matrizes variando os diâmetros das suas fibras entre os 160 e os 380 nm. A matriz de PVA é a que mais deformação até ruptura consegue sofrer; a adição de quitosano promove maior resistência à ruptura e a combinação dos três polímeros torna a matriz bastante frágil. A matriz de PVA aparenta ser a mais hidrofílica e com maior capacidade de absorção de água, a adição de quitosano aumenta a hidrofobicidade e diminui a capacidade de absorção de água e o sulfato de dextrano confere hidrofilicidade intermédia e absorções de água bastante irregulares. ABSTRACT: This study describes the preparation and characterization of nanofibrous mats obtained by electrospinning (ES) of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan in a dilute acetic acid solution (2%(v/v)), and dextran sulphate in aqueous solution. The ideal polymeric concentrations were calculated based on SEM morphology of the fibers. The combination of intermediary viscous and high conductivity solutions appears to be the more appropriated to prepare the nanofibrous mats. The ideal concentrations were 9% (w/v) for PVA, 0.5% (w/v) for chitosan and 170% (w/v) for dextran sulphate; under these conditions the mats where composed by PVA+chitosan and dextran sulphate fibers with 160 and 380 nm average diameter, respectively. PVA matrix seems to be the one which supports higher elongation; PVA+chitosan matrix had the higher tensile strength and Young modulus. PVA+dextran sulphate mats showed intermediate characteristics; those obtained from PVA+chitosan+dextran sulphate were very fragile and showed the worst mechanical properties. PVA matrix also seems to be the most hidrofilic one while the addiction of chitosan raises the hydrophobicity of the matrix. Dextran sulphate provides once more intermediary characteristics when added to other mats. The ability to absorb water seems to be higher on the PVA matrix (the most hydrophilic one) and lower on the PVA+chitosan matrix (the most hydrophobic one). Any addiction of dextran sulphate provides high heterogeneity in the absorption profile of the fibrous mats.
Ramires, Elaine Cristina. "Biocompósitos a partir de matrizes poliméricas baseadas em lignina, tanino e glioxal reforçadas com fibras naturais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-06042010-165002/.
Full textThe present study aimed at developing biocomposites combining polymeric matrices and reinforcement agents, employing the highest possible proportion of materials obtained from natural sources. Phenolic resins are widely known and used due to their excellent properties, such as dimensional and thermal stability, flame resistance and chemical resistance. However, raw materials used in the production of phenolic resins, namely phenol and formaldehyde, are obtained on a large-scale from non-renewable sources. Hence, the replacement of these reagents by equivalent ones obtained from non-fossil sources is interesting from both the environmental and economical perspectives. In this study, lignin and tannin, two macromolecules obtained from natural sources, were employed as substitutes of phenol in the preparation of resol-type phenolic resins: lignophenolic (lignin-phenol-formaldehyde), lignin-formaldehyde and tannin-phenolic. Also, the glyoxal, an aldehyde that can be obtained from natural sources, was used as a substitute for the formaldehyde in the preparation of resol and novolac-type glyoxal-fenol resin. The resulting resins were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). These resins were later used in the preparation of thermosets and composites reinforced with natural materials: lignocellulosic sisal fiber, cellulose isolated from sisal and microcrystalline cellulose. As a result, new composites with high proportion of materials obtained from renewable sources were developed. These composites were analyzed by Izod impact strength test, SEM, water absorption test, dynamic mechanical thermoanalysis (DMTA), TG and DSC. Thermosets were analyzed by all the tests applied to composites and also inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Reinforcements were analyzed by X ray diffraction, tensile strength test, scanning electron microscopy (MEV), IGC, IV, TG and DSC. Results indicated that lignin and tannin can successfully replace the phenol in the preparation of phenolic thermoset matrices, resulting in materials with equivalent properties, especially that of the impact strength, which represents an important property for a composite. The use of lignocellulosic sisal fiber and the celluloses as a reinforcement agent in the matrices resulted in composites with improved mechanical properties compared to the thermosets, including higher impact strength and higher stiffness. The composites reinforced with lignocellulosic sisal fibers presented the highest values of impact strength, probably due to the length of these fibers, which contributes to an efficient distribution of the tension along the matrix. Results also revealed that sisal and microcrystalline celluloses are good reinforcement agents. Although they led to a relatively lower impact strength increase, the composites reinforced with these celluloses absorbed less water than those reinforced with lignocellulosic sisal fibers. Among the composites of tannin-phenolic matrix, the composite reinforced with 50% of lignocellulosic sisal fibers presented the highest impact strength, the lowest loss modulus, and yet a high stiffness, confirming its good interaction in the fiber/matrix interface. The lignophenolic composite reinforced with 30% of lignocellulosic sisal fiber presented excellent properties such as a high impact strength. The parameters obtained by IGC indicated that the interactions between the lignophenolic matrix and the sisal fiber occur mainly by means of favorable interactions between the acid sites and basic sites of these materials. These interactions allow the establishment of hydrogen bonds in the fiber/matrix interface. In addition, the presence of typical structures of lignin in both resin and fibers improves the affinity between these two components, increasing the \"wettability\" of the fibers during the impregnation step and, consequently, increasing the fiber/matrix adhesion. The good properties of the lignophenolic composite encouraged the development of a matrix in which the phenol was totally replaced by lignin: the lignin-formaldehyde matrix. The lignin-formaldehyde composite reinforced with 40% of sisal fiber presented the highest impact strength compared to all other composites prepared in this study. Hence, this composite is the most suitable for applications where the impact strength is a crucial factor. The SEM images of this composite revealed an excellent interaction in the fiber/matrix interface. In addition, the lignin-formaldehyde composite reinforced with 70% of sisal fibers, which is the composite prepared with the highest proportion of natural materials, also presented excellent properties, such as high impact strength and low water absorption equivalent to that of composites reinforced with smaller proportion of fibers. The composites reinforced with sisal and microcrystalline cellulose presented the highest storage moduli and, therefore, the highest stiffness. This occurs mainly because cellulose is a material of high-crystallinity that can act as a physical cross-linker, increasing the stiffness of the materials. The composites of novolac glyoxal-phenol matrix presented the lowest water absorption. Actually, much lower than that of phenolic (phenol-formaldehyde) composite that is worldwide used. The novolac glyoxal-phenol composite reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose presented water absorption comparable to that of phenolic thermoset, with the advantage of having high proportion of materials from renewable sources in its composition. In summary, the composites prepared with high proportions of materials obtained from renewable sources, presented excellent properties, comparable or superior to those of materials derived from non-renewable sources. Results indicate that these new composites are feasible and interesting alternatives for a range of applications, including the manufacturing of automobile and aircraft internal parts.
Rols, Sébastien. "Conception d'un composite ciment-fibres de polypropylène ductile et durable." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0116.
Full textThe aim of this research program was to develop a Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced-Cement Composite (PFRCC) exhibiting both ductility and durability. The first step focused on the matrix mixture proportioning. This highlighted the potential use of synthetic polymers in order to reduce the composites sensibility to desiccation. An examination of the relative performances of polypropylene and glass as reinforcing fibres showed that polypropylene-based composites presented the best combination of ductility and durability. The bond between the fibre and the matrix is essentially controlled by friction and therefore is only influenced by the intrinsic properties of the fibre. The PFRCC behavior in flexure is that of an elastic-plastic material, showing some strain-hardening. This mechanical behavior can be modelled using a technique based on the moment-curvature law obtained from the mechanical properties of the composite in pure tension and compression, and the equilibrium equations of the section
FERNÁNDEZ, IGLESIAS MARÍA ESTHER. "Refuerzo de Matrices Cementicias mediante la Valorización de Fibras Sintéticas provenientes de Residuos Post-Consumo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27551.
Full textFernández Iglesias, ME. (2013). Refuerzo de Matrices Cementicias mediante la Valorización de Fibras Sintéticas provenientes de Residuos Post-Consumo [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/27551
TESIS
Inghels, Eric. "Comportement mecanique de composites a fibres et matrices ceramiques : definition d'une methode d'analyse dans le cas de deux composites tisses a matrice de carbure de silicium." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0036.
Full textInghels, Eric. "Comportement mécanique de composites à fibres et matrices céramiques définition d'une méthode d'analyse dans le cas de deux composites tissés à matrice de carbure de silicium /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606126s.
Full textClochefert, Laurent. "Matériaux composites à matrice intermétallique TiAl renforcée par des fibres de carbone : corrélation entre interactions chimiques fibres-matrice et comportement mécanique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10663.
Full textDekky, Bassil. "Micro-environnement et cancer : rôle des adamalysines dans la progression tumorale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B046.
Full textTumor microenvironment plays a major role in tumor growth, invasion and resistance to treatments. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment is essential to develop effective therapies. In this context, Adamalysin extracellular proteases play major role in tumor progression, by modulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and the bioavailability of cell communication mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. My work revealed a new interaction between ADAM12, a mesenchymal marker induced during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) dependent on TGF-β and ZO-1, a scaffolding protein expressed in tight junctions of epithelial cells. Both proteins are redistributed in invadopodia-like structures to promote ECM degradation. In a second study, we carried out an in silico screening that allowed us to identify a cluster of Adamalysin genes co-expressed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Among these Adamalysins we have studied the protein ADAMTS12 in more details, and shown that this protein plays a key role in the development of liver fibrosis involving an acute or chronic inflammatory response
Promis, Geoffrey. "Composites fibres / matrice minérale : du matériau a la structure." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646976.
Full textLaveissière-Despetis, Florence. "Etude d'une matrice magnésie pour composite à renfort fibreux tridimensionnel." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20080.
Full textKong, Choon-Yen. "Investigation of ultrasonic consolidation for embedding active/passive fibres in aluminium matrices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35004.
Full textDelcamp, Adrien. "Protection de fibres base SiC pour composites à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13729/document.
Full textContinuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) are an important class of materials for structural applications at elevated temperatures because of their improved flaw tolerance, large fracture resistance, improved toughness by crack deflection and crack bridging mechanism, low density and noncatastrophic mode of failure comparing with metallic materials. Fibers play a critical role in both the processing and performance of CFCCs. SiC-based fibers are considered leading candidate materials in the aerospace application, such as engine turbines. However, the major shortcoming of SiC-based fibers is their oxidative embrittlement and degradation, which is caused by the oxygen ingression from the micro cracks and interstitials in the composites, is the dominant life-limiting phenomenon of non-oxide composites. This study carried out with the financial supply of both Snecma Propulsion Solide and Agence De l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie has for objective to integrate SiC-based as reinforcement in CFCCs for civil aircraft engine application. In order to reach this objective, it is imperative to find a novel approach to diminish the oxygen ingression by developing protective fiber coatings
Moreau, Vincent. "Hydrogénation électrocatalytique de la ryanodine et développement d'électrocatalyseur à matrice fibreuse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4577.
Full textSauget, Alix. "Développement de matériaux composites fibreux hautes perfomances à matrice bio-sourcée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0085/document.
Full textChanging our industrial activities towards sustainable development is one of the major human concerns of the 21th century. The use of biomass in various areas like energy, construction and materials is an answer to the future scarcity of fossil resources and to the ecological risks. The objectives of this thesis are to create new materials with the highest bio-based content possible and then to optimize these materials properties for a potential industrial use. The work presented here is about the fabrication of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers, using bio-based resins as a matrix. The main vegetable resources studied here are tannins, used to make: - Tannin – hexamine matrix composites - Tannin – resorcinol – aldehyde matrix composites Vegetable tannins were also studied to prepare tannin – furfuryl alcohol bio-plastics that may be used in the composites fabrication. The composites boards were made in laboratory and mechanically analyzed based on European norms methods. Resins were also characterized using various techniques such as thermomechanical analysis (TMA) or MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The end results of this work is the fabrication of highly bio-based composite materials, with homogenous and repeatable properties that furthermore satisfy several European norms requirements
Moreau, Vincent. "Hydrogénation électrocatalytique de la ryanodine et développement d'électrocatalyseur à matrice fibreuse." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Find full textDoan, Thi Thu Loan. "Investigation on jute fibres and their composites based on polypropylene and epoxy matrices." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1149143661135-69962.
Full textUntersuchungen zum mechanischen und thermischen Verhalten sowie zur Benetzung von Jutefasern im Ausgangszustand, nach Entwachsen und nach Oberflächenmodifikation, mit dem Ziel einer Verwendung als Verstärkungsfasern in Verbundwerkstoffen. Untersuchungen zum mechanischen und thermischen Verhalten sowie zur hygrothermischen Alterung von Jute/Polypropylen (PP) Verbunden. Einfluss des PP-Typs, der Modifizierung der Matrix mit Maleinsäureanhydrid gepfropftem PP und des Faservolumengehalts.Untersuchung der Grenzschicht in Jute/Epoxidharz Verbunden in Hinblick auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften nach Alkalibehandlung und Oberflächenmodifikation der Jutefasern. Jutefasern haben gute spezifische mechanische Eigenschaften. Die Einzelfasereigenschaften unterliegen der bei Naturfasern üblichen Streuung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Verstärkungsfasern (Glas, Carbon) nimmt wachstumsbedingt mit zunehmendem Faserquerschnitt die Festigkeit tendenziell zu. Faseroberflächenbehandlungen verbessern die Benetzbarkeit, erhöhen die thermische Stabilität und reduzieren die Feuchteaufnahme sowie den Diffusionskoeffizient. Jute/Polypropylen-Verbunde Chemische und physikalische Wechselwirkungen zwischen Faser und MAHgPP nach optimierter Kopplerauswahl verbessern in Abhängigkeit vom PP-Typ die Grenzflächenscherfestigkeit und die mechanischen Eigenschaften. Durch Einbeziehen der Grenzflächeneigenschaften können mit einer modifizierten Mischungsregel die Zugfestigkeiten der Verbunde beschrieben werden. Jute/Epoxidharz-Verbunde Faseroberflächenbehandlungen mit Natronlauge, Organosilanen, Epoxiddispersionen und deren Kombinationen führen zu verbesserter Benetzung, reduzierter Wasseraufnahme und verbesserter Haftung sowie verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften in Jute/Epoxidharz-Verbunden
Doan, Thi Thu Loan. "Investigation on jute fibres and their composites based on polypropylene and epoxy matrices." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24708.
Full textUntersuchungen zum mechanischen und thermischen Verhalten sowie zur Benetzung von Jutefasern im Ausgangszustand, nach Entwachsen und nach Oberflächenmodifikation, mit dem Ziel einer Verwendung als Verstärkungsfasern in Verbundwerkstoffen. Untersuchungen zum mechanischen und thermischen Verhalten sowie zur hygrothermischen Alterung von Jute/Polypropylen (PP) Verbunden. Einfluss des PP-Typs, der Modifizierung der Matrix mit Maleinsäureanhydrid gepfropftem PP und des Faservolumengehalts.Untersuchung der Grenzschicht in Jute/Epoxidharz Verbunden in Hinblick auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften nach Alkalibehandlung und Oberflächenmodifikation der Jutefasern. Jutefasern haben gute spezifische mechanische Eigenschaften. Die Einzelfasereigenschaften unterliegen der bei Naturfasern üblichen Streuung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Verstärkungsfasern (Glas, Carbon) nimmt wachstumsbedingt mit zunehmendem Faserquerschnitt die Festigkeit tendenziell zu. Faseroberflächenbehandlungen verbessern die Benetzbarkeit, erhöhen die thermische Stabilität und reduzieren die Feuchteaufnahme sowie den Diffusionskoeffizient. Jute/Polypropylen-Verbunde Chemische und physikalische Wechselwirkungen zwischen Faser und MAHgPP nach optimierter Kopplerauswahl verbessern in Abhängigkeit vom PP-Typ die Grenzflächenscherfestigkeit und die mechanischen Eigenschaften. Durch Einbeziehen der Grenzflächeneigenschaften können mit einer modifizierten Mischungsregel die Zugfestigkeiten der Verbunde beschrieben werden. Jute/Epoxidharz-Verbunde Faseroberflächenbehandlungen mit Natronlauge, Organosilanen, Epoxiddispersionen und deren Kombinationen führen zu verbesserter Benetzung, reduzierter Wasseraufnahme und verbesserter Haftung sowie verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften in Jute/Epoxidharz-Verbunden.
GAUTIER, LUDMILA. "Endommagement osmotique de composites fibres de verre-matrices polyester insature en environnement humide." Paris, ENSAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENAM0026.
Full textSauder, Cédric. "Relation microstructure/propriétes à haute temperature dans les fibres et matrices de carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12477.
Full textKuduğ, Emre Batıgün Ayşegül. "Use Of Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid Matrices As A Drug Reservoir In Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000297.pdf.
Full textMarrot, Laetitia. "Contribution au développement de matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables biosourcées et renforcées par des fibres végétales." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS333.
Full textNowadays, depletion of fossil resources and climate change create a growing awareness of the limits of the environment. To be more respectful towards the environment, it is possible to replace glass fibers by vegetable fibers in the reinforcement of composite materials. Thermoset composite materials are well adapted for applications which require high performances. The purpose of this work is to help the development of thermoset composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. First, we highlighted hemp fibers characteristics and their main microstructural specificities, which make them different from flax. Consequences on hemp fibers of activities related to the harvesting steps like decorticating and retting have been investigated. Then, we found interesting results for the use of biobased epoxy and polyester resins in terms of mechanical performances and adhesion with flax fibers. It has been showed that the hardener nature of the epoxy matrix has an influence on the adhesion with a flax fiber. In the last section, we considered industrial composites reinforced with flax fibers with petrochemical and biobased epoxy matrices. We checked the specifications for the mechanical properties in automotive, railway transport and luxury furniture applications. In spite of several defects, especially porosities, the composites showed satisfying tensile and bending properties. Impact properties remained insufficient though
Aragão, Ana Cláudia Milheiro Santos de. "Adesão, migração e proliferação de células em matrizes de fibras alinhadas." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8604.
Full textOsmani, Hocine. "Rupture des composites céramique-céramique à fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0059.
Full textKlassen, Aline. "Desenvolvimento de métodos para determinação de aminas aromáticas em amostras têxteis por eletroforese capilar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-15052012-082629/.
Full textThe dyes which have chromophoric groups like azo (N = N) are widely used in numerous applications in industry to color various consumer goods, including textiles. However, because of carcinogenic aromatic amines formed when N=N bond is broken, its use is subject to the legislation. Considering the carcinogenic potential of aromatic amines, to quantify them in products intended for export, is needed. The standard technique for monitoring the presence of these amines in consumer goods such as textiles is a high performance liquid chromatography, however the capillary electrophoresis technique can be a good alternative. In this work 20 aromatic amines derived from azo dyes, banned by the European Community by Directive 2002/61/EC, were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV-Vis detection, and confirmation of the presence these amines textile matrix was conducted by a method confirmatory LC-MS, adapted from the literature. The knowledge of the dissociation constant acid-base (pKa) in CE technique is necessary to obtain the optimum pH for the separation. In these way the pKa as well as the ionic mobilities for each aromatic amines were determined by curves of effective mobility as a function of pH. The optimum pH for the separation was 2.50 as determined by the simulator separation developed in the group (SIMLACE). About the separation methods studied, which had a higher number of separate amines (16 amines) in the baseline in a shorter time (12 min) employing a BGE composed only of 70 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 2.50 with phosphoric acid, with a conditioning capillary either at the beginning of the working day (10 minutes flush with BGE (sodium dihydrogen 70 mmol/L adjusted to pH 2.50 with phosphoric acid, triethylamine containing 12.3 mmol/L) at a pressure 950 mbar followed by applying a voltage of +30 kV for 10 minutes) and among replicas (1 minute of HCl 0.1 mol/L (950 mbar) followed by 1 minute of H2O (950 mbar)). The extraction of amines textile matrix involves three steps: reduction of N = N bond, extraction of the amines formed and a subsequent clean up and pre-concentration. About the latter step, the best response in terms of extraction efficiency (about 100%) was obtained using solid phase extraction (SPE) with cationic exchange resin. In addition, the best condition for ultrasound extraction of the amines 1, 7 and 8, was determined by means of a response surface factorial design with three variables and two levels. The optimum condition was: temperature of 52 °C, application of ultrasound for 5 min and HCl concentration of 0.77 mol/L, with recoveries of 105% to 115%. Figures of merit for optimized method include: linearity in the range from 50.11 to 409.1 mmol/L (R2> 0.98), LD (limit of detection, 2.43 to 6.70 mmol/L) and LQ (limit of quantification, 8.10 to 22.3 mmol/L), precision (0.23 to 27.6%), robustness (established by a factorial design), selectivity, specificity (stress studies with real sample extracts) and recovery (listed above). The validated method was applied to seven samples purchased at local markets. Among them, two presented peaks with migration times and spectra similar the amines 5, 7, 12 and 15. But, in only one sample the amines 7 and 15 were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
Barasinski, Anaïs. "Modélisations du procédé de placement de fibres composites à matrice thermoplastique." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0032.
Full textThermoplastic automated tape placement process allows the manufacture of large composite parts with all kinds of geometries (eg double curvature). This method is based on the continuous welding by fusion bonding of a thermoplastic matrix composite ply on a substrate. It received an increasing interest in recent years due to its ability to produce parts out of autoclave. This study is part of an aeronautic project that aims to understand and develop this automated deposition process through the study of the thermo-mechanical history of the material during its deposition, the residual stresses in the workpiece after manufacturing and the process capability for in-situ welding, while contributing to the development of the deposit head. In order to control and optimize the quality of the part, the prediction of the thermo-mechanical history applied during the manufacturing of the laminate is required. In this work, an original thermal modeling of this process is proposed. The bonding degree evolves during the deposition and has a significant impact on heat transfer, this parameter is included in the model using evolving thermal contact resistance. The numerical results are validated by experimental measurements. Due to the particular geometry of the problem (thin pre-impregnated tape of great length), a numerical PGD method (Proper Generalized Decomposition) is used. This method overcomes the problems associated with large ratio between the length of material and its thickness. It also allows to take into account many parameters (material, or process) as extra coordinates of the model. Finally, various process windows, appropriate to the level required specifications on the part, are defined. Questions related to the maximization of the crystallinity and the minimization of residual stresses are discussed in order to approach the one-step process sought
Wang, Shan Jin. "Étude de l'endommagement d'un composite unidirectionnel fibres de verre/matrice époxyde." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0132.
Full textFradet, Guillaume. "Physico-chimie de l’interface fibres/matrice : applications aux composites Carbone/Carbone." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14948/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the physical chemistry of the fiber/matrix interface applied to composites carbon/carbon. The surface of carbon fibers was modified by various surface treatments. The carbon fibers surface variation was evaluated by inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution, SEM, AFM, TEM, Raman... After these characterizations, surface treatments were selected for the realization of C/C composites. The mechanical properties of composites at modulated interfaces (fibers/matrix bonding) were evaluated. Finally, a correlation between surface modification of carbon fibers and macroscopic behavior of composite C/C was established
Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.
Full textThe fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa
Sbiai, Adil. "Matériaux composites à matrice époxyde chargée par des fibres de palmier dattier : effet de l'oxydation au tempo sur les fibres." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738814.
Full textLe, Basser Yann. "Lois de comportement de composites à matrice thermoplastique renforcée de fibres courtes." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1079.
Full textPhillips, Justin. "Dextrin nanocomposites and deep eutectic solvents as matrices for solid dosage forms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81724.
Full textDissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
PAMSA
Department of Science and Innovation under Grant DST/CON 0004/2019
Chemical Engineering
MEng (Chemical Engineering)
Unrestricted
Désert, Romain. "Effets phénotypiques de deux mécanismes d’activation de la voie Wnt/beta caténine dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B044/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Half of them show activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, caused by activating CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation of by stimulation of FRZD receptor. Transcriptomic based HCC classifications showed that this two types of activation were associated with distinct tumor subtypes. We tried to better understand the molecular phenotypes and the clinical features associated with these subtypes. In a first part, we linked extracellular Wnt activation with a stem/progenitor phenotype and with fibrous hotspot in HCC. Fibrous hotspot, which were called “fibrous nest”, can be detected by routine anatomic pathology analyses. We also showed that HAPLN1, an extracellular matrix protein induced by Wnt3a in progenitor HepaRG cells, was a new marker of stemness and bad outcome in HCC. Those results shows the associations between extracellular Wnt activation, extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor aggressiveness. In a second part, a transcriptome meta-analysis of 1133 HCCs highlighted 4 robust subclasses. CTNNB1 mutation, predicted by a 5-genes score based method, was associated with one of these subclasses and with good clinical features. We also highlighted a new subclass of CTNNB1 wild type HCCs associated with tumor differentiation, signatures of periportal metabolism and good outcome. This subclass was probably a confounding factor in survival studies comparing HCCs carrying mutant versus those carrying wild-type CTNNB1. Finally, we highlighted strong negative associations between CTNNB1 mutation and inflammation as well as tumor fibrosis in three independent cohorts. Preliminary results of in vitro HepaRG cells mutated for CTNNB1 in T41 and stimulated by LPS suggest an inhibitory effect of β-caténine on NF-κB. In conclusion, our results show that the two types of Wnt activation in HCC are associated with very distinct molecular phenotypes and clinical features
Bernardi, Stefania Tesi. "Avaliação do comportamento de materiais compósitos de matrizes cimentícias reforçadas com fibra de aramida kevlar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3596.
Full textCoroller, Guillaume. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres végétales : cas des composites extrudés à matrice polypropylène." Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIS302.
Full textNatural fibers can replace mineral or synthetic reinforcements in many industrial applications, for automotive or not. Their complex and multi component structure as well as their natural origin lead to higher difficulties in this kind of reinforcement than the usual ones. The aim of this thesis work is give a better understanding of the key parameters to control to get the reinforcement capacity of natural fibers. In a first step we studied the influence of the components on the mechanical properties of an injected polypropylene. This has highlighted the interest in flax fibers for composite's reinforcement. It has also underlined the influence of fiber content and using coupling agent. The comparison between extrusion molding and injection molding bas showed the effect of molding process on microstructure and mechanical properties, injection molding showing a better efficiency. Then we focused on extrusion molding, and we have brought to light that it is possible to extrude polypropylene reinforced with flax fiber that is complying with automotive specifications, but it showed lack stability during extrusion process. The study of flax / talc hybrid composites extruded showed that adding talc particles to flax fibers help to increase mechanical properties and to troubleshoot extrusion issues. Finally, we highlighted that, for both short and long flax fibers, fiber's individualization and dispersion are one of the key parameters to control
Nardou, Éric. "Nanoparticules métalliques en matrices vitreuses pour l'amplification Raman." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740971.
Full textLimaiem, Sarra. "Étude et développement d’une interface fibre-matrice spécifique dans les composites à matrice thermoplastique renforcés en fibres de verre continues." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8553.
Full textDuring this study, the aim was to develop a methodology to elaborate and evaluate the quality of the fiber-matrix interface in a glass fiber reinforced polyamide 12 composite.At first, a macroscopic model was developed using a glass slide/polyamide 12 film assembly. Several organosilane adhesion promoters with different features and compatible with the polyamide matrix were tested. The grafting quality was characterized through appropriate physico-chemical analytical techniques (AFM, PM-IRRAS, Wetting…), and the adhesive performance of the assemblies was evaluated by specific mechanical tests (Peel test, Wedge test). In a second step, the deposition procedure described in macroscopic scale has been adapted to the glass fibers’ scale, more particularly to optical fibers. Specific mechanical tests were performed (fragmentation test) to assess the adhesive performance at the interface of the concerned assemblies.A study focused on the understanding of the interfacial mechanisms was also conducted to clarify the nature of the interactions established at the fiber-matrix interface. Thanks to the different physico-chemical characterization techniques, it has been possible to demonstrate the influence of various experimental parameters such as the surface treatment time, the grafting density and the chemistry on the treated surfaces on the crystallization of the matrix at the interface. The last part of this work concerns the transition to the semi-scale form of ribbons. The analysis of the interface’s properties and the mechanical characteristics has been investigated
Do, Quang minh. "Etude des matériaux composites de matrices polymères issues de ressources renouvelable et fibres de bambou." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS015/document.
Full textIn this study, poly 3,4 hydroxy butyrate (P34HB)/bamboo fibers and polybutylene succinate (PBS)/bamboo fibers composites were prepared by internal mixer and compression molding. P34HB and PBS were characterized with mechanical and thermal methods while bamboo fibers were modified with chemical treatments. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus and thermal properties were investigated. For both 2 kinds of composites (from P34HB and PBS), it was found that the modulus was significantly improved, however, the strength of the composite was slightly decreased and the elongation at break was a lower than the neat polymer suggesting that the adhesion between matrix and reinforcement should be improved more. The study reveals that modifying the fibers with both silane and acetic acid would improve the adhesion, resulting to the better mechanical properties of the material, compared with composites reinforced with untreated fiber or fiber treated with other methods. Also, 20 % of fiber content is regarded as the good composition of fiber to guarantee the good mechanical, water absorption and thermal properties.By taking advantage of P34HB, PBS and bamboo fibers, we aim to produce the material which is environmental friendly. Moreover, the abundant bamboo fibers can be used and these bamboo fibers will reduce the cost of the material. Within this work, we focus on the modification of bamboo fibers to reach our goal of improving the overall properties of the composites, compared with composites reinforced with untreated fibers. To achieve the better adhesion between fibers and matrix, coupling agent and compatibilizer may be used and studied in our future study
Bomo, Jérémy. "Impact des forces de tension sur le phénotype hépatocytaire in vitro : caractérisation de la matrice de collagène dans la fibrose hépatique par microscopie SHG." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S163/document.
Full textLiver fibrosis is a real public health problem. This pathology is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, mainly composed of collagen, increasing liver rigidity. Approximately 90% of hepatocellular carcinomas develop from a fibrotic/cirrhotic liver, suggesting a relationship between tissue rigidity and tumor development. To investigate the role of stiffness on the hepatic phenotype, we have developed a 3D culture model of collagen gels of varying stiffness. Our results show a better survival, an increase of proliferation and differentiation of liver cells in rigid matrices. In addition, the cells are able to modify the collagen matrix and to form collagen signatures TACS (Tumor Associated Collagen Signatures). An analysis of the signaling pathways involved in the formation of TACS 3 allowed us to determine that 2 pathways are important for these mechanisms: MEK/ERK and MLCK. The high level of differentiated functions and biotransformation of the hepatic cells make 3D collagen cultures an excellent model for applications in biotechnology. Using the SHG microscopy, we have also developed a standardized and automated quantification of collagen to detect small amount of collagen in a mouse liver fibrosis model. This technique allows us to characterize qualitatively the collagen and to strengthen the discrimination between fibrotic scores. The characterization of the collagen cross-links by this approach is under study and would allow to study the reversion capacity
Matray, Philippe. "Contribution à l’étude des ciments magnesiens et a leur valorisation comme matrice de matériaux composites renforces de fibres de verre." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0051.
Full text[This research deals with the reinforcement of a water-stable magnesia cement by glass fibres. A bibliographic study about magnesia cements, glass fibres, glass reinforced cement composites and reinforcement of composites by fabrics was first presented. In the. First experimental chapter, the water-stability of our magnesia cement composition was controlled. Then, the physico-mechanical properties and the durability of this matrix reinforced by E-glass fibres were studied and compared with those of a Pilkington GRC. At least, we showed that the increase of ''Magnesia/magnesium chloride brine » ratio and the use of a plasticizer admixture such as organosilicon obviosly improve the matrix properties. The influence of this admixture on the properties of the matrix and composite was also analysed. The second experimental chapter deals with the reinforcement of the magnesia matrix by E-glass fabrics. The fabrication of semi -industrial prototypes and their characterization by mechanical tests was described. The results were then proved by means of theoretical calculation from composite material mechanics. ]
Nardou, Éric. "Nanoparticules métalliques en matrices vitreuses pour l’amplification Raman." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10207/document.
Full textSignals in optical fibers used for the transfer of information are attenuated due to impurities, scattering, absorption… To compensate for these losses, several techniques were developed like Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). An alternative to rare earth doped fiber amplifier is Raman Amplification, which results from stimulated Raman scattering. Noble metal nanoparticles have optical properties induced by the collective oscillation of their conduction electrons when they interact with an electromagnetic wave. These particles strongly absorb the electromagnetic field at a frequency called surface Plasmon resonance frequency. This work is mainly based on effects leading to the improvement of the Raman Amplification. The ANR project Fenoptic (2010-2012), gathering Draka and several French laboratories (ICB (Dijon), CMCP (Paris), LPCML (Lyon)) is interested in the integration of noble metal nanoparticles in optical fibers using properties of the surface Plasmon resonance to improve the efficiency of optical amplifiers. In this work, different kinds of samples (suspensions, layers, optical fiber performs) with metal nanoparticles were studied. The experiments were based on the characterization (form and position of the Plasmon band) of noble metal nanoparticles in amorphous matrix and Raman spectroscopy was used to study the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) effect. For the first time, we found the Raman signal exaltation of an amorphous matrix
Lacroix, Frédéric. "Conception d'un prototype clinique de dosimètre matriciel à fibres scintillantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24472/24472.pdf.
Full textAmara, Nadia. "Oxydants endogènes et homéostasie de la matrice extracellulaire pulmonaire." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P638.
Full textROS produced by NADPH can modulate different cellular functions and be involved in the control of the extra cellular matrix homeostasis. Though there are few documents about this subject in the literature. The main target of my study is to examine the modulation of the proteases expression and different extra cellular matrix’s component by endogen ROS in the epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts. We also investigated the modulation of some proteases expression and activity by the CO which is one of the heme degradation products. Our study showed that endogen oxidant specially the ones produced by nox4 play a crucial role in the homeostasis’s modulation of the extra cellular matrix. These results help us to know better the physiological and phisiopathological role of NOX4 and the connected diseases such as emphysema and fibrosis. In addition, we showed the CO donor can be an interesting element to reduce the MMP expression and activity. This can have an important impact in the pulmonary diseases connected to the proteases and antiproteases imbalance
Lacoste, Éric. "Modélisation numérique de l'écoulement d'un métal liquide à travers une préforme fibreuse pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1A518.
Full textLacoste, Éric. "Modélisation numérique de l'écoulement d'un métal liquide à travers une préforme fibreuse pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10672.
Full textBreban, Philippe. "Composites aluminium fibres de carbone obtenus par filage." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0130.
Full textBoufaida, Zakariya. "Analyse des propriétés mécaniques de composites taffetas verre/matrice acrylique en relation avec les propriétés d’adhésion des fibres sur la matrice." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0108/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the characterization and the analysis of the mechanical properties of composite materials made of a plain weave glass fiber reinforcement and an acrylic resin (Elium®). Before the commercialization of the Elium resin in 2013, acrylics polymers were not used in the composite industry. In the experimental part of this thesis, we mainly focused on the sizing effect (surface treatment of the fibers to enhance the bonding between the matrix and the fibers) on the mechanical behavior of our composites. The characterizations were carried out through classical macroscopic mechanical tests (tensile, bending, shearing…) but using metrological tools for local analysis (full-field strain measurements, X ray micro-tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Nano-indentation etc.). We were able to study strain and damage phenomena at local scales. Fatigue properties of the sizing were highlighted by heat build-up experiments. To analyze these measurements, an original data treatment has been developed which makes clear the benefit of an acrylic sizing in order to enhance the bonding between glass fibers and our acrylic matrix. In the theoretical part of this thesis, we studied the mechanical behaviour of our glass fiber plain weave/acrylic resin composite through a numerical simulation based on the CraFT spectral solver (Composite response and Fourier Transforms). Local stress and strain fields were obtained at the mesoscopic scale. The strain field analysis shows a periodic structure induced by the presence of the plain weave reinforcement. By a quantitative study, a good agreement between the numerical strain field obtained by CraFT and the 3D-DIC experimental strain measurements was found. The numerical stress field analysis reveals regions were a high local stress occurs. Comparing with X ray micro-tomography observationsof the internal structure of previously loaded composite sampleswe noticed that the damages occurring inside the mesostructure are totally correlated with the local stress concentration revealed by CraFT numerical simulations
Kaflou, Ali. "Etude du comportement des interfaces et des interphases dans les composites à fibres et à matrices céramiques." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0018/these.pdf.
Full textThe interfaces between matrix and fibre play important roles in the mechanical behaviour of reinforced composites. The aim of this work is the understanding the role of the interphases between fibre and matrix, their nature and their multilayered structure. The different composites studies have been fabricated by CVI process at LMI laboratory, UCBL Lyon 1, and were tested by push-in and push-out experiments. These composites present different interphases and some of them are multilayered. We have essentially studied the Pyrocarbon interphase, Pyrocarbon with TiC nodule, multilayered Pyrocarbone-TiC and BN interphases. Our experiments have allowed highlighting the different interfacial characteristics according to the natures of the interphases. It appears that the interfacial shear stress and the debonding energy are very high in the case of BN, and PyC with nodular TiC interphases. This research makes us possible to measure and understand some difference the experimental load-displacement curve and that given by the modelling. Particularly, the debond stress is influenced by the residual thermal stress and the interfacial shear stress, linked to frictional slip, influenced by some wear phenomena. During push-out and push-back tests, a seating drop is recorded, giving an image of the interface roughness