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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fibrous composites Testing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fibrous composites Testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibrous composites Testing"

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Trofmovich, M. A., A. L. Yurkov, A. A. Galiguzov, L. V. Malakho, L. V. Oktyabr'skaya, and S. V. Minchuk. "High-temperature transformations in the fibrous-polymer composites at ablation testing." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 8 (December 27, 2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-8-43-48.

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The comparative investigation on the ablation transformations were carried out for the phenolformaldehyde resin composites on base of silica fabric and hollow corundum micro spheres. It was establish that the corundum micro spheres addition lead to the composite's heat conductivity reduction. As a result the temperature increased at the exposed spot, the linear erosion rate increased by the factor of 2,7 and the coking front line decreased by a factor of 2,3. In the issue the ablation gave rise to the high-temperature mechanical and chemical erosion and these last in turn triggered the number of the serial-parallel chemical reactions with both the composite material porosity increasing and the creation of the hightemperature reaction products mainly the silicon carbide.Ill.9. Ref. 9. Tab. 4.

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Trofimovich, M. A., A. L. Yurkov, A. A. Galiguzov, A. P. Malakho, L. V. Oktyabr’skaya, and S. V. Minchuk. "High-Temperature Transformations in Fibrous-Polymer Composites During Ablation Testing." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 59, no. 4 (November 2018): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-018-0245-x.

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Sztuk - Sikorska, Ewa, and Leon Gradon. "Biofouling reduction for improvement of depth water filtration. Filter production and testing." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0026.

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AbstractWater is a strategic material. Recycling is an important component of balancing its use. Deep-bed filtration is an inexpensive purification method and seems to be very effective in spreading water recovery. Good filter designs, such as the fibrous filter, have high separation efficiency, low resistance for the up-flowing fluid and high retention capacity. However, one of the substantial problems of this process is the biofouling of the filter. Biofouling causes clogging and greatly reduces the life of the filter. Therefore, the melt-blown technique was used for the formation of novel antibacterial fibrous filters. Such filters are made of polypropylene composites with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface. These components act as inhibitors of bacterial growth in the filter and were tested in laboratory and full scale experiments. Antibacterial/bacteriostatic tests were performed on Petri dishes with E. coli and B. subtilis. Full scale experiments were performed on natural river water, which contained abiotic particles and mutualistic bacteria. The filter performance at industrial scale conditions was measured using a particle counter, a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. The results of the experiments indicate a significant improvement of the composite filter performance compared to the regular fibrous filter. The differences were mostly due to a reduction in the biofouling effect.

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Zhang, Wenfu, Cuicui Wang, Shaohua Gu, Haixia Yu, Haitao Cheng, and Ge Wang. "Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber Composites Using Filament Winding." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172913.

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In order to study the performance of the bamboo fiber composites prepared by filament winding, composites reinforced with jute fiber and glass fiber were used as control samples. The structure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by scanning electric microscope (SEM), tensile testing, bending testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results demonstrated that the bamboo fiber composites exhibited lower density (0.974 g/cm3) and mechanical properties in comparison of to fiber composite and glass fiber composite, because the inner tissue structure of bamboo fiber was preserved without resin adsorbed into the cell cavity of fibrous parenchyma. The bamboo fibers in composites were pulled out, while the fibers in the surface of composites were torn, resulting in the lowest mechanical performance of bamboo fiber composites. The glass transition temperature of twisting bamboo fiber Naval Ordnance Laboratory (TBF-NOL) composite (165.89 °C) was the highest in general, which indicated that the TBF circumferential composite had the best plasticizing properties and better elasticity, the reason being that the fiber-reinforced epoxy circumferential composite interface joint is a physical connection, which restricts the movement of the molecular chain of the epoxy matrix, making the composite have a higher storage modulus (6000 MPa). In addition, The TBF-NOL had the least frequency dependence, and the circumferential composite prepared by TBF had the least performance variability. Therefore, the surface and internal structures of the bamboo fiber should be further processed and improved by decreasing the twisting bamboo fiber (TBF) diameter and increasing the specific surface area of the TBF and joint surface between fibers and resin, to improve the comprehensive properties of bamboo fiber composites.

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Lausch, J., M. Takla, and H. G. Schweiger. "Crush testing approach for flat-plate fibrous materials." Composites Part B: Engineering 200 (November 2020): 108333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108333.

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Alireza, Amiri Asfarjani, Adibnazari Sayid, and Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem. "Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Approach for Fatigue of Unidirectional Fibrous Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 87 (August 2011): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.106.

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Fibrous composites are finding more and more applications in aerospace, automotive, and naval industries. They have high stiffness and strength to weight ratio and good rating in regards to life time fatigue. Investigating mechanical behavior under dynamic loads to replace this material is very important. In the present article, investigate Fatigue of Unidirectional Fibrous Composites by using finite element analysis. So, to achieve this purpose Firstly, modeling fiber and matrix in separate case and simulated semi actual conditions, attained S-N curve of fiber and matrix and after that by using micromechanical model of combination fiber and matrix can approach S-N curve of Unidirectional Fibrous Composites. Finally, Comparisons of the finite element analysis of Ansys and the experimental predictions indicate based on three point bending fatigue testing that the results are satisfactorily in good agreement with each other which approves the power law assumption in the model.

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Zolkiewski, Sławomir. "Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Metal Composites Connected by Means of Bolt Joints." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.296.

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The fibre-metal laminates made of a steel plate and fibreglass laminate plate were tested in the special laboratory stands. Epoxy resin and polyester resin were used as matrix to fabricate the composites. The fibre-metal laminates combine advantages of metals and laminates. These materials have very good force versus displacement characteristics and overall mechanical properties. They are very popular and widely applied in technical systems. They can be put to use in connecting materials made of various fabrics, connecting high number layer laminates and most of all connecting metals and laminates. In this paper there are the results of testing fibrous composite materials connected in bolt joints presented. Composite materials reinforced with fiberglass, carbon and aramid fibers are considered. The impact of number of applied bolts in a joint on strength properties was investigated. The connections by means of eight or sixteen bolts were compared. A major problem of modelling the composites is assuming physical and material parameters of the analyzed elements.

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Md Ali, Afifah, Mohd Zaidi Omar, Mohd Shukor Salleh, Hanizam Hashim, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, and Nur Farah Bazilah Wakhi Anuar. "Mechanical Behaviour and Morphology of Thixoformed Aluminium Alloy Reinforced by Graphene." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 6791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196791.

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Thixoforming is a promising method that offers several advantages over both liquid and solid processing. This process utilizes semi-solid behaviour and reduces macrosegregation, porosity and forming forces during the shaping process. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforced A356 aluminium alloy composite fabricated by thixoforming was investigated. Stir casting was employed to fabricate feedstocks before they were thixoformed at 50% liquid. The microstructure was characterized and evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray detector and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical testing, such as microhardness and tensile testing, was also performed to estimate the mechanical properties of the composites. The incorporation of 0.3 wt.% GNPs in Al alloy increased by about 27% in ultimate tensile strength and 29% in hardness. The enhancement in tensile strength is primarily attributed to load transfer strengthening due to the uniform dispersion of these GNPs within the Al matrix, which promotes effective load transfer during tensile deformation, and GNPs’ wrinkled surface structure. Simultaneously, the addition of GNPs enhances the grain refinement effect of the Al alloy matrix, resulting in a grain size strengthening mechanism of the GNPs/Al composites. The results reveal that thixoformed composite microstructure consists of uniformly distributed GNPs, α-Al globules and fine fibrous Si particles. The composites’ grains were refined and equiaxed, and the mechanical properties were improved significantly. This study creates a new method for incorporating GNPs into Al alloy for high-performance composites.

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Mermerdaş, Kasım, Süleyman İpek, and Zana Mahmood. "Visual inspection and mechanical testing of fly ash-based fibrous geopolymer composites under freeze-thaw cycles." Construction and Building Materials 283 (May 2021): 122756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122756.

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Qu, Yingying, Ping Xu, Hu Liu, Qianming Li, Ning Wang, Shuaiguo Zhao, Guoqiang Zheng, Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu, and Changyu Shen. "Tunable temperature-resistivity behaviors of carbon black/polyamide 6 /high-density polyethylene composites with conductive electrospun PA6 fibrous network." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 14 (December 6, 2018): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318815731.

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Temperature-resistivity behaviors of carbon black/polyamide 6/high-density polyethylene conductive polymer composites containing electrospun polyamide 6 fibrous network were studied systematically. The positive temperature coefficient intensity of the conductive polymer composites increased firstly and then reduced gradually with increasing heating rate, showing a heating rate-dependent positive temperature coefficient intensity. The fascinating phenomenon was ascribed to the microstructure change of conductive network induced by the volume expansion and the thermal residual stress generated in the composites. During the heating-cooling runs at different top testing temperature of 140, 150 and 180℃, the room-temperature resistivity of sample was observed to be 30, 2.3 and 1.6 orders of magnitude higher than the initial value after one heating-cooling run, respectively. The thermal treatment time above the melting temperature of high-density polyethylene and the viscosity variation of the conductive polymer composites were responsible for the increased resistivity. This study provides a guideline for fabricating conductive polymer composites with tuning positive temperature coefficient property.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibrous composites Testing"

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Scott, David William. "Short- and long-term behavior of axially compressed slender doubly symmetric fiber-reinforced polymeric composite members." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19276.

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Zhang, Yuping, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Tensile behaviour of non-uniform fibres and fibrous composites." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.143549.

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This work investigates the tensile behaviour of non-uniform fibres and fibrous composites. Wool fibres are used as an example of non-uniform fibres because they're physical, morphological and geometrical properties vary greatly not only between fibres but also within a fibre. The focus of this work is on the effect of both between-fibre and within-fibre diameter variations on fibre tensile behaviour. In addition, fit to the Weibull distribution by the non-brittle and non-uniform visco-elastic wool fibres is examined, and the Weibull model is developed further for non-uniform fibres with diameter variation along the fibre length. A novel model fibre composite is introduced to facilitate the investigation into the tensile behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites. This work first confirms that for processed wool, its coefficient of variation in break force can be predicted from that of minimum fibre diameters, and the prediction is better for longer fibres. This implies that even for processed wool, fibre breakage is closely associated with the occurrence of thin sections along a fibre, and damage to fibres during processing is not the main cause of fibre breakage. The effect of along-fibre diameter variation on fibre tensile behaviour of scoured wool and mohair is examined next. Only wet wool samples were examined in the past. The extensions of individual segments of single non-uniform fibres are measured at different strain levels. An important finding is the maximum extension (%) (Normally at the thinnest section) equals the average fibre extension (%) plus the diameter variation (CV %) among the fibre segments. This relationship has not been reported before. During a tensile test, it is only the average fibre extension that is measured. The third part of this work is on the applicability of Weibull distribution to the strength of non-uniform visco-elastic wool fibres. Little work has been done for wool fibres in this area, even though the Weibull model has been widely applied to many brittle fibres. An improved Weibull model incorporating within-fibre diameter variations has been developed for non-uniform fibres. This model predicts the gauge length effect more accurately than the conventional Weibull model. In studies of fibre-reinforced composites, ideal composite specimens are usually prepared and used in the experiments. Sample preparation has been a tedious process. A novel fibre reinforced composite is developed and used in this work to investigate the tensile behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites. The results obtained from the novel composite specimen are consistent with that obtained from the normal specimens.

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Sridharan, Srinivasan. "Environmental durability of E-glass/vinylester composites in hot-moist conditions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10144.

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Alvarez-Valencia, Daniel. "Structural Performance of Wood Plastic Composite Sheet Piling." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AlvarezValenciaD2009.pdf.

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Etheridge, George Alexander. "Investigation of progressive damage and failure in IM7 carbon fiber/5250-4 bismaleimide resin matrix composite laminates." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19669.

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Stoddard, William Patrick. "Lateral-torsional buckling behavior of polymer composite I-shaped members." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19275.

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Fox, Bronwyn Louise. "The manufacture, characterization and aging of novel high temperature carbon fibre composites." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011207.114246/index.html.

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Elmore, Jennifer Susan. "Dynamic mechanical analysis of graphite/epoxy composites with varied interphases." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020414/.

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Rubin, Ariel. "Strenghtening of reinforced concrete bridge decks with carbon fiber composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19320.

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Kumar, Rajesh S. "Effects of damage and viscoelasticity on the constitutive behavior of fiber reinforced composites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13013.

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Books on the topic "Fibrous composites Testing"

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I͡A, Kint͡sis T., ed. Static test methods for composites. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1985.

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Johnson, W. S. Fatique testing and damage development in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1988.

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Shadwell, P. W. Critical survey of non-destructive testing techniques for non-conducting materials. Leatherhead, Surrey, England: Era Technology, 1992.

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1945-, Reid S. R., and Zhou G, eds. Impact behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2000.

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Interface Engineering of Natural Fibre Composites for Maximum Performance. Oxford: Woodhead, 2011.

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Modelling stochastic fibrous materials with Mathematica. [New York]: Springer, 2009.

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H, Williams James. Modes of vibration on square fiberglass epoxy composite thick plate. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Sampson, William W. Modelling stochastic fibrous materials with Mathematica. [New York]: Springer, 2009.

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Sierakowski, R. L. Dynamic loading and characterization of fiber-reinforced composites. New York: Wiley, 1997.

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Kachlakev, Damian I. Behavior of concrete specimens reinforced with composite materials: Laboratory study. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fibrous composites Testing"

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Zhang, Chao, and Wenzhi Wang. "Virtual Testing of Three-Dimensional Hollow/Porous Braided Composites." In Porous lightweight composites reinforced with fibrous structures, 85–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53804-3_4.

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Sun, C. T. "Testing and Modeling of Inelastic Behavior of Fibrous Composites." In Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, 183–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4489-6_7.

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Adams, D. F. "CFRP Testing and Properties Optimization." In Carbon Fibres and Their Composites, 175–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70725-4_10.

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"Determination of Interfacial Properties of Fibrous Composites." In Handbook of Advanced Materials Testing, 381–402. CRC Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277616-30.

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Chevalier, C., C. Kerisit, A. Klavzar, F. Boussu, and D. Coutellier. "Measurements of dynamic properties of ballistic yarns using innovative testing devices." In Advanced Fibrous Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection, 199–215. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-461-1.00007-8.

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Khandetskii, V. "EDDY CURRENT EVALUATION OF LAMINATION PARAMETERS IN CARBON FIBRES COMPOSITES." In Non-destructive Testing '92, 295–99. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89791-6.50066-4.

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Van Paepegem, W. "Fatigue damage in structural textile composites: testing and modelling strategies." In Fatigue Failure of Textile Fibres, 201–41. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845695729.2.201.

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Arbelaiz, A., and I. Mondragon. "Testing the effect of processing and surface treatment on the interfacial adhesion of single fibres in natural fibre composites." In Interface Engineering of Natural Fibre Composites for Maximum Performance, 146–85. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857092281.1.146.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fibrous composites Testing"

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Ghoneim, Hany, and Tiago Santos. "Evaluation of the Pumping Action of a Barrel-Shaped Composite Shell Structure." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12213.

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This paper evaluates the pumping-action potential of a flexible-matrix-composite barrel-shaped shell-of-revolution structure. The pumping-action potential is defined by the relative radial reduction due to a specific applied axial stretching. The fundamental concept of the investigated pumping action is based on the phenomenon that angle-ply fibrous flexible-matrix-composites, with fiber angle orientation of [±θf], can exhibit unprecedented high values of the in-plane Poisson’s ratio. Consequently, upon stretching an angle-ply flexible-matrix-composite axisymmetric shell-of-revolution structure, a substantial reduction in its diameter can be realized and a potential pumping action is provided. In the current paper, the effect of the large deformation on the pumping action of a barrel-shaped (concaved-out) shell-of-revolution composite structure is evaluated. A mathematical model governing the large deformation of an axisymmetric barrel-shaped shell-of-revolution flexible-matrix-composite structure is presented and the response due to axial stretching, for different barrel curvature (maximum diameter), is found using the B-spline collocation numerical technique. In addition, a limited, preliminary experimental work is presented. A carbon/polyurethane barrel-shaped shell-of-revolution structure is constructed, and tested using the Tinius-Olsen testing machine. The crude preliminary results are compared with the corresponding analytical ones, and a discussion of the analytical/experimental results and their implications are addressed. The investigation demonstrates that a barrel-shaped angle-ply flexible-matrix-composite shell structure possesses a relatively high pumping potential.

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Hospodarova, Viola, Nadezda Stevulova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Jaroslav Briancin. "Cellulose Fibres as a Reinforcing Element in Building Materials." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.104.

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Nowadays, construction sector is focusing in developing sustainable, green and eco-friendly building materials. Natural fibre is growingly being used in composite materials. This paper provides utilization of cellulose fibres as reinforcing agent into cement composites/plasters. Provided cellulosic fibres coming from various sources as bleached wood pulp and recycled waste paper fibres. Differences between cellulosic fibres are given by their physical characterization, chemical composition and SEM micrographs. Physical and mechanical properties of fibre-cement composites with fibre contents 0.2; 0.3and 0.5% by weight of filler and binder were investigated. Reference sample without fibres was also produced. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of cellulose fibres on the final properties (density, water absorbability, coefficient of thermal conductivity and compressive strength) of the fibrecement plasters after 28 days of hardening. Testing of plasters with varying amount of cellulose fibres (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %) has shown that the resulting physical and mechanical properties depend on the amount, the nature and structure of the used fibres. Linear dependences of compressive strength and thermal conductivity on density for plasters with cellulosic fibres adding were observed.

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Wasilewski, P., and M. Kuciej. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FIBRE SUBSTITUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE RAILWAY BRAKE SHOE." In BALTTRIB. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.31.

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During the design process, railway friction materials are subject to extensive testing which allows for a thorough assessment of their compliance with versatile requirements and expected characteristics. These tests include, among other, laboratory tests of mechanical, physicochemical, thermophysical and tribological properties. For a designer it is crucial to understand how formulation modification influences characteristics of the friction material. One of the key ingredients in the formulation of friction materials is reinforcing fibre. In this study, two composite, organic railway brake shoes with equal amount of two different reinforcing fibres, namely steel wool and glass fibre, were tested according to the procedures of a railway friction materials manufacturer. Test results were analysed and compared. The substitution of reinforcing fibre had a noticeable effect on each of the properties of the composites considered in this study.

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Murčinková, Zuzana, Anna Šmeringaiová, and Michal Halapi. "Damping properties of composites with short and long fibres by impact testing." In SCIENTIFIC SESSION ON APPLIED MECHANICS X: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Applied Mechanics. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5091903.

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Chou, Heng-Yi, Anthony Bunsell, and Alain Thionnet. "Visual End-of-Life Criterion for Composite High Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97128.

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The storage of hydrogen at pressures clearly presents a challenge to designers of pressure vessels to ensure their utmost reliability. At present there is a paucity of information on the reliability of carbon fibre composite pressure vessels which are intended for use over periods of decades and those testing procedures which are mentioned in standards have been shown to be largely unsuitable as they are based on the failure of metal structures. This study deals with failure and failure prediction in advanced fibre reinforced composite pressure vessels. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the possibility of providing a simple, cost effective and unambiguous visual means of detecting approaching failure at a stage when the pressure vessel can be safely removed from service. It is proposed to benefit from the wide family of carbon fibres which is produced so as to add a layer of carbon fibre composite material, the fibres of which have the same stiffness as the carbon fibres in the bulk of the structure but which possess lower strength. The failure of this layer would provide advanced warning of progressive and unacceptable damage to the pressure vessel and would avoid any ambiguous interpretation.

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van Onna, Martin, Jens de Kanter, and Bart Steuten. "Advancements in Thermoplastic Composite Riser Development." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84167.

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This paper describes the development and proof of concept of a full thermoplastic composite riser (TCR) system. The pipe design, consisting of a fully bonded composite wall, built up from melt-fused thermoplastic compound and fibres, will be discussed including fibre directions and end-fitting design. The proof of concept is executed through a comprehensive, global design approach, in which the pipe design is optimized with input from dynamic riser response analysis as well as installation aspects, for 7 different scenario’s. As part of the proof of concept, various single and combined load case testing have been conducted on full scale test specimen; the initial results of which are discussed in the paper. Finally, the approach to successfully achieve market adoption of such a safety critical component will be presented, including the qualification methodology.

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Mair, Georg W., Florian Scherer, Irene Scholz, and Thorsten Schönfelder. "The Residual Strength of Breathing Air Composite Cylinders Towards the End of Their Service Life: A First Assessment of a Real-Life Sample." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28168.

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Emergency response units increasingly use pressure cylinders made from fibre composites for breathing air as elements of personal protective equipment (PPE). Such applications expose the composite cylinders to harsh temperature and handling conditions. At least in Europe, standards have been used for certifying PPE, which are designed and mandatory for the approval of pressure receptacles for the transport of dangerous goods. Therefore, service conditions specific to PPEs are not accounted for in these standards. In this paper, BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) investigates the residual safety of a composite cylinder design at the end of their designated service life of 15 years. The cylinders (test pressure PH 450 bars; 6.8 Litres) are of one design type with aluminium liner and fully wrapped with carbon fibres, which is commonly considered a “Type III” cylinder. All cylinders were used as PPE by the Berlin fire department and randomly picked in three samples of 25 cylinders each before tested. At BAM, the cylinder samples underwent hydraulic load cycle tests (LCT), conventional burst tests (BT) and so called slow burst tests (SBT). A concept for quantification of strength degradation already introduced by BAM was applied. This concept is based on a probabilistic assessment of the average strength and scatter of each sample of cylinders. The strength distributions of the used PPE-cylinders is shown and analysed. Some unexpected effects are shown and a refinement of the statistical assessment is introduced.

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Bache, Martin R., J. Paul Jones, Zak Quiney, and Louise Gale. "Damage Development in SiCf/SiC Composites Through Mechanical Loading." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64370.

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Sophisticated mechanical characterisation is vital in support of a fundamental understanding of deformation in ceramic matrix composites. On the component scale, “damage tolerant” design and lifing philosophies depend upon laboratory assessments of macro-scale specimens, incorporating typical fibre architectures and matrix under representative stress-strain states. Standard SiCf/SiC processing techniques inherently introduce porosity between the individual reinforcing fibres and between woven fibre bundles. Subsequent mechanical loading (static or cyclic) may initiate cracking from these stress concentrations in addition to fibre/matrix decohesion and delamination. The localised coalescence of such damage ultimately leads to rapid failure. Proven techniques for the monitoring of damage in structural metallics, i.e. optical microscopy, potential drop systems, acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC), have been adapted for the characterisation of CMC’s tested at room temperature. As processed SiCf/SiC panels were subjected to detailed X-ray computed tomography (XCT) inspection prior to specimen extraction and subsequent static and cyclic mechanical testing to verify their condition. DIC strain measurements, acoustic emission and resistance monitoring were performed and correlated to monitor the onset of damage during loading, followed by intermittent XCT inspections throughout the course of selected tests.

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Boba, Katarzyna, Ian Bond, and Richard Trask. "Thermal Ageing Mitigation of FRP Composites Using Vascular Networks." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7615.

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Incorporation of multifunctionality to fibre reinforced polymer composite materials delivers many benefits. One example includes improved longevity of components through increasing permissible temperatures of operation, which could be achieved via in-situ cooling. As the temperature of composite components approaches the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the matrix, thermal stress induced ageing greatly increases [1], [2], thus the incentive for integrated cooling. In order to assess the damage, which could be caused by exposure to elevated temperatures, isothermal ageing was performed at a temperature 15°C lower than the materials Tg (2200 hours at 110°C). Material used in this study is a carbon/epoxy prepreg system (Gurit, SE70), with a Tg of 126°C when cured at 110°C. Results have shown a significant drop in Short Beam Shear (SBS) Strength starting after exposure for 1700h and increase in fibre bridging seen in mode I Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) testing. Fracture surface analysis using SEM indicated that fibres were generally less well bonded to the matrix, with visible changes began occurring as early as 1000h exposure. These results indicate that extended exposure of a material at near Tg temperatures has a detrimental effect on material properties. To mitigate against this phenomenon, a series of tests were performed on SBS and DCB specimens in a raised temperature (110°C) environment, which incorporated in-situ cooling. The specimens were placed in an oven at 110°C and were cooled down to a constant temperature of 60°C via the internal vascular cooling arrangement. Further testing is underway to assess the inhibition of ageing and maintenance of the original composite material by active cooling using embedded vascular networks.

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10

Askari, Davood, and Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad. "Inter-Laminar Mechanical Properties Improvements in Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Laminated Nanocomposites." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64283.

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Abstract:

Owing to their superior mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as an additional reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of laminated composite materials. To incorporate the excellent properties of CNTs into the existing traditional composite technology, vertically aligned high density arrays of CNTs were grown perpendicular to the surface of 2-D woven cloths and tows of various fibrous materials. The nano-forest like structures of fabrics is used to fabricate 3-D reinforced nanocomposites. Due to the presence of aligned CNTs in through-the-thickness direction, it is expected that the inter-laminar and through-the-thickness properties of the composite laminate will be improved considerably. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, various composite single lap-joint specimens were fabricated for inter-laminar shear strength testing. Carbon woven cloths with and without CNTs nano-forests were inserted in between the single lap-joints using epoxy adhesive to measure the interlaminar shear strength improvements due to the presence of through-the-thickness aligned CNTs nano-forests. It is observed that single lap-joints with carbon cloth insertion layers having CNTs nano-forest can carry up to 12% higher shear stress and 16% higher strain-to-failure. The failures of samples with nano-forests were completely cohesive while the sample with carbon woven cloth insertion failed adhesively. This concludes that the adhesion of adjacent carbon fabric layers can be considerably improved due to the growth of vertically aligned CNTs nano-forest in through-the-thickness direction.

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