Academic literature on the topic 'Fibrous clay'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibrous clay"

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Alcântara, Ana C. S., Margarita Darder, Pilar Aranda, and Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky. "Polysaccharide–fibrous clay bionanocomposites." Applied Clay Science 96 (July 2014): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.02.018.

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Estu Yulianto, Faisal, Fuad Harwadi, and Rusdiansyahi. "Characteristics of Palangkaraya fibrous peat." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927605008.

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Palangkaraya fibrous peat soil is a soil with high organic content and was formed due to decomposition of plants in submerged areas for long periods. In the tropics, peat has a high fiber content that affects the physical and engineering characteristic and have different behavior with clay. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the physical and engineering characteristic of fibrous peat and to compare it with clay. The results of the tests on fibrous peat show peat soil parameter very different from clays. The unit weight of peat is 1.04 gr/cm3 with specific gravity is 1.4 and water content reach 650%. This physical parameter shows that peat is a very soft soil that is dominated by water in its structure. Organic content of peat reached 97% with a very low ash content of 3%. This behavior indicates that the decomposition of plants causes physical properties of peat that are very different from clays. The bearing capacity of the peat is also very low. The shear strength was about 26.8 kPa (ov = 50 kPa) and was dependent on the fiber distribution in the sample under test. Vane shear test results also show the same thing that is 5-7 kPa. The very different behavior of fibrous peat with clay is the consolidation. Peat has 4 stages of compression wherein secondary compression is the main compression. This behavior is due to the fibrous peat has two pores, that are micropores and macropores. The results of comparisons can serve as a basis for determining appropriate peat soil improvement methods.
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TARASENKO, NATALIA, VIKTORIIA PLAVAN, YURII BUDASH, and INNA TKACHENKO. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОРБЦІЙНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ВОЛОКНИСТИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ, МОДИФІКОВАНИХ ГЛИНИСТИМИ МІНЕРАЛАМИ." Technologies and Engineering, no. 3 (January 4, 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.3.7.

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Abstract. The paper presents the results of determining the sorption properties of nonwoven materials modified with clay minerals, obtained on the basis of fibrous waste, in relation to the methylene blue indicator to determine the possibility of using the created materials in the purification of light industry wastewater from dyes and heavy metal ions.Purpose. Determination of kinetic regularities of sorption (by methylene blue) of fibrous nonwoven materials modified with different types and amounts of clay adsorbents.Methodology. Nonwovens obtained from elastic fibrous waste of the textile industry were used as a basis in the work. They consisted of Lycra 162 C (PU) complex fibers and Nylon 6.6 f20 / 1 (PA-6.6) fibers in a ratio of 70/30 wt. %. For bonding the nonwoven material, adhesive bicomponent fibers Acebon 4/51 black (4 den) (BVCh) (20 wt%) were added to the initial composition. To enhance the sorption capacity of the PU / PA / BV 80/20 fabric, powders of montmorillonite clay (clay grade PBA-18) and palygorskite (clay grade PP-5) type were introduced in an amount of up to 40% by weight of the nonwoven material. Evaluation of the sorption properties of modified fibrous materials with different clay adsorbents was performed by determining the change in the optical density of MS solutions of a given concentration.Scientific novelty. It was found that fibrous materials modified by the studied samples of montmorillonite and paligorskite clays show high absorption capacity relative to the methylene blue dye due to its multilayer sorption. After 24 hours of processing, the degree of absorption is 70% when using clay brand PBA-18 in the amount of 40% by weight of the fibrous material, which is higher than when using clay brand PP-5 (45%) under the same conditions.Practical value. Sorption materials modified with clay minerals can be further used to treat wastewater from light and chemical industries from heavy metal ions.
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Hurst, A. "Textural and geochemical micro-analysis in the interpretation of clay mineral characteristics: lessons from sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs." Clay Minerals 34, no. 1 (March 1999): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985599545993.

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AbstractBack-scattered electron images of clay minerals from sandstones are used, together with complementary micro-analytical methods, to identify and quantify mineral microporosity and geochemistry. Clay minerals typically have a range of microporosity from 10 to >90% dependent on texture and paragenesis. Fibrous clays are highly microporous; detrital clays have low microporosity but specific clay minerals have broad ranges of microporosity. The often quoted mineral-chemical association between thorium (Th) and kaolinite cannot be substantiated by micro-analysis. The Th content of clay minerals is associated with micro-inclusions within the kaolinite which form diagenetically or are derived from precursor minerals.
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Cruz Magalhães, Xavier Katiane, Santos Maria do Socorro Ferreira, Maria Rita de Morais Chaves Santos, Luz Adão Benvindo, Brasileiro Luzana Leite, Carvalho Maria Wilma Nunes Cordeiro, and Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho. "Thermal Activation of Palygorskite at Different Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.47.

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The palygorskite or attapulgite is a mineral clay that has a fibrous morphology with porous crystalline structure, hydrated of type 2:1, which is constituted by layer-shaped strips with two tetrahedral layers connected by a central octahedral layer through the sharing of common oxygens [. It presents in its structure low surface charge, high magnesium content and high specific surface area. This mineral clay together with the sepiolite belong to the class of fibrous clay minerals [.
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., Naoto Yoshida, Tadahumi Naka ., and Kazuyoshi Ohta . "Mutagenesis of Bacteria by Fibrous or Clay Minerals." Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 4 (June 15, 2004): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2004.532.536.

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Pozo, Manuel, and José Calvo. "An Overview of Authigenic Magnesian Clays." Minerals 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110520.

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Clay authigenesis mostly concerns: (a) the formation of clays by direct precipitation from solution, called “neoformation” and (b) development of clays by transformation of precursor minerals. Precipitation from solution implies that a new mineral structure crystallizes, so that a prior mineral structure is not inherited. Transformation of precursor detrital minerals, a process also termed “neoformation by addition”, can be conducted whether throughout precipitation on pre-existing natural surfaces or transformation and reaction on pre-existing surfaces. Both processes have been recognized as effective mechanisms in the formation of Mg-clays, which mostly include 2:1 clay minerals, such as talc-kerolite and Mg-smectites, as well as fibrous clays (sepiolite, palygorskite). Authigenic Mg-clay minerals occur in both modern and ancient marine and non-marine depositional environments, although formation of these clays in hydrothermal continental and seafloor settings must be also outlined. Most favourable conditions for the formation of Mg-clays on earth surface are found in evaporitic depositional environments, especially where parent rocks are enriched in ferromagnesian minerals. In these settings, Mg-clays are important constituent of weathering profiles and soils and can form thick deposits of significant economic interest. Based on this review of authigenic clay deposits, we propose three geochemical pathways, mainly related to continental environments, for the origin of authigenic Mg-clays: formation of Al-bearing Mg-clays (pathway 1), formation of Al-free Mg clays (pathway 2) and formation of sepiolite from other Mg-clay minerals (pathway 3).
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Helios-Rybicka, E. "Sorption of Ni, Zn and Cd on Sepiolite." Clay Minerals 20, no. 4 (December 1985): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.4.09.

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The ability of clay minerals to adsorb heavy metal cations is an important property in the context of the increasing contamination of the aquatic environment and soils by toxic waste. Laboratory studies of the sorption of heavy metals by clays have mostly been carried out using montmorillonite and illite (Chester, 1965; Egozy, 1970; Bourg & Filby, 1974; Helios-Rybicka & Schoer, 1982), less frequently for kaolinite, and only rarely for mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite (Helios-Rybicka, 1983) and the fibrous clay minerals sepiolite and palygorskite. This note describes the sorptive behaviour of sepiolite towards Ni, Zn and Cd.
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Miranda, Maicon Oliveira, Francisca Pereira de Araújo, Josy Anteveli Osajima, and Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho. "Incorporation of Zirconium Oxide on the Surface of Palygorskite Clay for Photodegradation of Industrial Dye." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.768.

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The palygorskite or attapulgite is a mineral clay of fibrous habits, a phyllosilicate 2:1, presented by the formula Mg5[Si8O20](OH)2(OH2)4.4H2O. Taking advantage of this natural resource available in the State of Piauí, this research aims at incorporating the zirconium oxide to the surface of this clay, through the sol-gel method, in order to evaluate the photoactivity of the composite. The material was characterized by the X-ray diffractometry (XRD), indicating the presence of the zirconium oxide, with the emergence of peaks in 30.8° and 60.9°. It was observed the incorporation of zirconium on the clay by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and verified the fibrous habit and the presence of ZrO2 on the surface of the clay with 1.35% of incorporated zirconium and 127.4 m2 g-1. The rate of degradation of the Remazol Blue dye was 93.5% when using the composite.
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La Noce, Michele, Alessandro Lo Faro, and Gaetano Sciuto. "Clay-Based Products Sustainable Development: Some Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031364.

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Clay has a low environmental impact and can develop into many different products. The research presents two different case studies. In the first, the clay is the binder of raw earth doughs in order to produce clay-bricks. We investigate the effects of natural fibrous reinforcements (rice straws and basalt fibers) in four different mixtures. From the comparison with a mix without reinforcements, it is possible to affirm that the 0.40% of basalt fibers reduce the shrinkage by about 25% and increase the compressive strength by about 30%. Future studies will focus on identifying the fibrous effects on tensile strength and elastic modulus, as well as the optimal percentage of fibers. In the second study, the clay, in form of brick powder (“cocciopesto”), gives high alkaline resistance and breathability performance, as well as rendering and color to the plaster. The latter does not have artificial additives. The plaster respects the cultural instance of the original building. The research underlines how the use of a local (and traditional) material such as clay can be a promoter of sustainability in the contemporary building sector. Future studies must investigate further possible uses of clay as well as a proper regulatory framework.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibrous clay"

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Shah, Apoorva P. "Moisture diffusion through vinyl ester/clay nanocomposites." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2189.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
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Qureshi, Muhammad Asif Mahmood. "Glass-fiber reinforced polymer-clay nanocomposites in structural applications." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10557.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
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Faria, Luiz Affonso Souza [UNESP]. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do processo de adsorção de filmes de nanocompósitos de PVDF/argila." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139493.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho consiste na preparação de filmes por meio de soluções contendo poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) – PVDF dissolvido em N, N Dimetilformamida (DMF) e material cerâmico como argila montmorilonita (K10), pelo método de Fiação por Sopro em Solução (FSS). As partículas de argila foram introduzidas como um aditivo para filmes de PVDF. Os filmes obtidos foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que mostrou que a introdução da argila ao PDVF não afetou a sua morfologia, as mesmas se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas, e sem uma direção preferencial. Os resultados obtidos por Difratometria de Raio – X (DRX) mostrou pico mais intenso em 2θ = 20,8o característico da fase β polar e um ombro em 2θ = 18,8o característico da fase cristalina α do PVDF, porém para argila K10 apresenta um pico em 2θ = 8,9o correspondendo a um espaçamento basal de 9,9 Ǻ e outros picos correspondentes ao mineral muscovita e também referente ao quartzo. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que o PVDF possui um comportamento estável até próximo de 420°C, para argila a perda ocorre abaixo de 120°C devido às moléculas de água e também a desidroxilação argilomineral. A determinação do pHPCZ é o ponto onde a curva experimental de pHfinal x pHinicial encontra a reta correspondente ao pHfinal = pHinicial, assim o ponto obtido foi de 6,57, pois neste ponto a carga da superfície do material é zero. A Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com fonte contínua (HR – CS AAS - do inglês: High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) foi utilizada para determinar a concentração dos íons metálicos de Pb e Cu nos estudos de adsorção. As concentrações das soluções em contato com o material PVDF/Argila k10 foram medidas para a determinação da capacidade de adsorção através de isotermas com diferentes concentrações molares dos íons metálicos. No estudo de adsorção de Pb e Cu, ambos apresentaram capacidade máxima de adsorção pelo adsorvente (Nfmáx) foram satisfatórios, no qual os valores Nfmáx (teórico) estiveram próximos do Nf (experimental) de 0,1804 x 10-5 para o Cu e de 0,2416 x 10-5 para o Pb e que o tempo necessário para que o equilíbrio fosse atingido é de 10h. O estudo cinético revelou que os dados experimentais no meio aquoso e seus respectivos íons metálicos podem ser descrito pelo modelo pseudo - segunda - ordem com um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,9992 para o Pb e 0,9994 para o Cu.
This work is the preparation of films by means of solutions containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) - PVDF dissolved in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and ceramic material such as montmorillonite clay (K10), the wiring method Blow solution (FSS). The clay particles were introduced as an additive to PVDF films. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (MEV), which showed that the introduction of the clay PDVF did not affect their morphology, they performed randomly dispersed, homogeneous, and without a preferred direction. The results obtained by diffraction of ray - X (XRD) showed the most intense peak at 2θ = 20,8o characteristic of β-polar phase and one shoulder at 2θ = 18,8o characteristic of the α crystal phase of PVDF, but to present a K10 clay peak at 2θ = 8,9o corresponding to a basal spacing of 9.9 Ǻ and other peaks corresponding to the mineral muscovite and also related to quartz. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the PVDF has a stable performance up to near 420°C to clay loss occurs below 120°C due to water molecules and also clay mineral dehydroxylation. The determination of pHPCZ is the point where the experimental curve pHend x pHearly finds the line corresponding to the pHend = pHearly therefore the point obtained was 6.57 because at this point the material surface charge is zero. The High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR - CS ASS) it was used to determine the concentration of metallic Pb and Cu ion in the adsorption studies. The concentrations of the solutions in contact with the PVDF/K10 clay material were measured to determine the adsorption capacity through isotherms with different molar concentrations of metal ions. In the study of Pb and Cu adsorption, both showed adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (Nf máx) were satisfactory in which values Nf máx (theoretical) were close to Nf (experimental) from 0.1804 x 10-5 to Cu and from 0.2416 x 10-5 to Pb and the time required for equilibrium to be reached is 10h. The kinetic study showed that the experimental data in the aqueous medium and the respective metal ions can be described by the model pseudo - second - order with a coefficient of determination (R²) from 0.9992 for Pb and 0.9994 for Cu.
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Faria, Luiz Affonso Souza. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do processo de adsorção de filmes de nanocompósitos de PVDF/argila /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139493.

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Orientador: Mirian Cristina dos Santos
Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na preparação de filmes por meio de soluções contendo poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) – PVDF dissolvido em N, N Dimetilformamida (DMF) e material cerâmico como argila montmorilonita (K10), pelo método de Fiação por Sopro em Solução (FSS). As partículas de argila foram introduzidas como um aditivo para filmes de PVDF. Os filmes obtidos foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que mostrou que a introdução da argila ao PDVF não afetou a sua morfologia, as mesmas se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas, e sem uma direção preferencial. Os resultados obtidos por Difratometria de Raio – X (DRX) mostrou pico mais intenso em 2θ = 20,8o característico da fase β polar e um ombro em 2θ = 18,8o característico da fase cristalina α do PVDF, porém para argila K10 apresenta um pico em 2θ = 8,9o correspondendo a um espaçamento basal de 9,9 Ǻ e outros picos correspondentes ao mineral muscovita e também referente ao quartzo. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que o PVDF possui um comportamento estável até próximo de 420°C, para argila a perda ocorre abaixo de 120°C devido às moléculas de água e também a desidroxilação argilomineral. A determinação do pHPCZ é o ponto onde a curva experimental de pHfinal x pHinicial encontra a reta correspondente ao pHfinal = pHinicial, assim o ponto obtido foi de 6,57, pois neste ponto a carga da superfície do material é zero. A Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com fonte con... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work is the preparation of films by means of solutions containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) - PVDF dissolved in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and ceramic material such as montmorillonite clay (K10), the wiring method Blow solution (FSS). The clay particles were introduced as an additive to PVDF films. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (MEV), which showed that the introduction of the clay PDVF did not affect their morphology, they performed randomly dispersed, homogeneous, and without a preferred direction. The results obtained by diffraction of ray - X (XRD) showed the most intense peak at 2θ = 20,8o characteristic of β-polar phase and one shoulder at 2θ = 18,8o characteristic of the α crystal phase of PVDF, but to present a K10 clay peak at 2θ = 8,9o corresponding to a basal spacing of 9.9 Ǻ and other peaks corresponding to the mineral muscovite and also related to quartz. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the PVDF has a stable performance up to near 420°C to clay loss occurs below 120°C due to water molecules and also clay mineral dehydroxylation. The determination of pHPCZ is the point where the experimental curve pHend x pHearly finds the line corresponding to the pHend = pHearly therefore the point obtained was 6.57 because at this point the material surface charge is zero. The High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR - CS ASS) it was used to determine the concentration of metallic Pb and Cu ion i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Mirzababaei, M. "Reinforcement of clay soils using waste carpet fibres." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2012. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/809/.

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It is reported that about 500,000 tonnes (i.e. 2% of the total waste) of waste carpet fibres are plunged into landfills annually in the UK. Municipalities and environmental authorities are increasingly concerned about the growing amount of carpet waste produced by household, commercial and industrial sectors. The notion of reusing such waste in industry has therefore attracted substantial attention in recent years by researchers and environmentalists. There have been a large number of studies in utilisation of virgin fibres in soils and other civil engineering applications. However, by contrast there have been relatively few studies of waste fibres especially waste carpet fibres in this context and in particular in cohesionless soils. In this study, the mechanical behaviour of composite cohesive soils (i.e. clay soils) with proportionate concentration of two types of waste carpet fibre is investigated. A series of consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests, Oedometer tests, swelling pressure tests and unconfined compression tests have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the waste carpet fibres in improving the mechanical properties of cohesive clay soils including; shear strength and compression strength as well as reducing swelling pressure and consolidation settlement of such soils. The results have shown that waste carpet fibres do increase the shear strength and unconfined compression strength of clay soils proportional to fibre content. It was found that relative increase in unconfined compression strength or reduction in swelling pressure of the fibre reinforced clay soils is dependent on the initial dry unit weight and moisture content of the clay. A neural network analysis was conducted on the results of the triaxial shear tests to construct a predictive model for estimating the maximum deviator stress in consolidated undrained triaxial tests as a function of fibre type, fibre content, dry unit weight and consolidation pressure. The modelled behaviour was shown to be a perfect fit with the experimental data. Model slope tests were also carried out using a large scale laboratory test tank (L:800mm x W:300mm x H:500mm) to investigate the load bearing pressure of the slope made of fibre reinforced clay soil under strip footing load. The results confirmed that bearing pressure of the model slopes increased significantly with increased fibre content. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) method was used to track the displacement of the soil particles in the exposed front view of the model slope and contours of displacement and slip surfaces of the model slopes were determined and compared.
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Chegenizadeh, Amin. "Experimental approach to investigate reinforced clay." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2288.

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Soil reinforcement with discrete flexible fibres has always been an issue for further research. In Geotechnical engineering field, the research on sandy soil has considerably been more than the clayey one. The main reason for this lack can be expressed as the complexity of clayey material due to their cohesion and interaction between clay and reinforcement.The present research aims to show possibility of discrete fibre usage in clay. For this purpose, selection of material has been conducted with special care to make the project outcome applicable to industry projects. The fibre which was used for this research prepared by BASF Company in Western Australia and currently is used in fibre reinforced concrete for infrastructure projects. Kaolin has been used as soil part and provided by Prestige Company.Experimental approach was applied to investigate the effect of different parameters on composite soil strength. These tests cover the variety range of soil mechanics tests from compaction tests to triaxial compression tests. The results from all the tests were presented in the thesis.A theoretical model was also developed for clayey material for the first time with the use of modified cam clay model to predict the behaviour of samples precisely. This model is based on the rule of mixture and considers the effect of soil and fibre separately. The model was validated with the results from CD triaxial test.
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Do, Thi Vi Vi. "Matériaux composites à fibres naturelles / polymère biodégradables ou non." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENA012/document.

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Les fibres naturelles ont récemment attiré l'attention des scientifiques en raison de leurs propriétés : faible coût, faible densité, renouvelables, biodégradables et non abrasives. Dans cette étude, trois types de fibres de bambou sont étudiées. La modification chimique des fibres par la soude est utilisée pour enlever l'hémicellulose et la lignine. Puis, la surface de la fibre est modifiée par acétylation ou silane avant élaboration de composites PP. Les propriétés mécaniques des composites augmentent avec le diamètre des fibres et avec l'utilisation d'un agent d'ensimage. Des mélanges amidon/PVA/plastifiant/agent de couplage sont également étudiés. Les composites préparés par réticulation avec l'acide citrique ont d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques. La résistance à la traction et la déformation à rupture de ces composite augmentent avec la teneur en PVA. La présence d'argile et de fibres ont toutes deux un effet considérable sur les propriétés mécaniques des composites
Natural fibers have recently attracted the attention of scientists because of their properties of low-cost, low density, renewable, biodegradable and nonabrasive. In this study, three types of bamboo fibers are prepared. Chemical modification of fibers by alkali is used to remove hemicellulose and lignin. Then, fiber surface is modified by acetylation and silane before processing composite materials with polypropylene. As expected, the mechanical properties of the composites increase with the average fibre diameter. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increase when using a coupling agent. Starch/PVA blends are also prepared with glycerol and water as plasticizer. The composite prepared by citric acid crosslinking has excellent mechanical properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break of starch/ PVA composite increase with the content of PVA. The presence of clay and fiber are both found to have considerable effect on the mechanical properties of the composites
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Gomes, Leila Veronica da Rocha. "Preparação e caracterização de nanocompósitos de polipropileno reforçados com argila verde lodo e fibra da castanha-do-brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-13072016-145704/.

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A incorporação de nanocargas minerais e vegetais em matriz polimérica tem sido estudada, principalmente, com o objetivo de melhorar as propriedades de desempenho mecânico dos polímeros para aplicações industriais diversas. As argilas organofilizadas e as fibras vegetais estão entre os materiais que se destacam como cargas adicionadas ao polímero para a formação de nanocompósitos. Essa área de estudo tem despertado interesse também devido à obtenção de melhorias de propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas desses materiais quando comparadas às dos materiais compósitos tradicionais. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar algumas dessas propriedades em nanocompósitos produzidos com polipropileno, argila esmectítica brasileira e fibra do ouriço da castanha-do-brasil, com ênfase na melhora das propriedades mecânicas. Inicialmente, os materiais componentes foram caracterizados por diversos ensaios, tais como, difração de raios X, granulometria, infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, temperatura de degradação térmica, além de ensaios específicos para medir características individuais da argila, como, viscosidade Fann, inchamento de Foster, limite de plasticidade, fluorescência de raios X, entre outros. Posteriormente, o polipropileno graftizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MA) foi incorporado ao PP puro (PP), em extrusora dupla rosca, nas proporções de 5%, 10% e 20% em peso e injetados os corpos de prova para os ensaios de tração e impacto. A partir dos resultados das propriedades mecânicas definiu-se o uso de 5% de PP-g-MA para preparação dos nanocompósitos definitivos. Finalmente, variou-se a quantidade de fibra na composição. Foram obtidos nanocompósitos de polipropileno (PP) e 5% PPg- MA reforçado com 5% em peso da argila organofilizada e fibra do ouriço da castanha-do-brasil em três proporções 5%, 10% e 15% em peso. As amostras foram caracterizadas por diferentes técnicas (DRX, MEV, FTIR, TG/DSC) e medidas as resistências mecânicas à tração, flexão e impacto. Todos os nanocompósitos apresentaram aumento na resistência mecânica quando comparados ao polímero sem argila e fibra.
The incorporation of vegetable and mineral nanofillers in polymer matrix has been studied mainly in order to improve the mechanical performance properties of polymers for various industrial applications. The organoclays and vegetable fibers are among the materials that stand out as fillers added to polymer for the formation of nanocomposites. This study has also attracted interest owing to achieve improvements in various properties when compared to other traditional composite materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of adding organophilic clay and brazilian nut fibers on the some physical, chemical and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposite. Initially, The component materials were characterized by tests, such as X-ray diffraction, particle size, infrared, scanning electron microscopy, thermal degradation, as well as specific assays for measuring individual characteristics and properties of the clay, for example, viscosity Fann, Foster swelling, plasticity limit, X-ray fluorescence, among others. In the second step, the graftizado polypropylene with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was incorporated into the pure PP, extruded in proportions of 5 weight%, 10 weight% and 20 weight% and injected the samples for tensile and impact tests. From the results of mechanical properties was defined using 5 weight% of PP-g-Ma for the incorporation into pure PP. Finally, samples were prepared containing only polymer, graftizado polymer/clay, graftizado polymer/clay/ fiber. The addition of clay was 5 weight% and the fiber was added to 5 weight%, 10 weight% and 15% by weight, respectively. The nanocomposites were prepared double-screw extruder and the samples injection molded, then, they were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analysis (TG/DSC), infrared spectroscopy and mechanical strength, flexural and impact test. All the nanocomposites increased mechanical properties as compared to polymer without clay and fibers.
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Arrelucé, Montenegro Sebastian, and Larrauri Grecia Luciana Solís. "Incorporación de fibras de polipropileno como método de reforzamiento de suelos arcillosos en Palian - Huancayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656164.

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Esta tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar un método de reforzamiento propuesto en base a la incorporación de fibras de polipropileno con la finalidad de incrementar la resistencia y mejorar las características mecánicas del suelo arcilloso de Palian – Huancayo. La arcilla es un suelo cohesivo constituido por partículas finas, estas características determinan la capacidad de deformación y compresión, además poseen baja resistencia al corte y a cargas. Debido a ello se busca reforzar y mejorar el comportamiento mecánico de la arcilla mediante métodos físicos y químicos. Esta investigación propone la adición fibras de polipropileno como método de reforzamiento para lo cual se analizó el suelo remoldeado con diferentes porcentajes de fibras adicionadas 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 y una longitud de fibra de 10 milímetros. Se realizaron ensayos de caracterización física para identificar el suelo natural remoldeado: granulometría por sedimentación, límites de consistencia y gravedad específica de los sólidos. Se sometió el suelo natural remoldeado y las mezclas con diferentes porcentajes de fibras a los siguientes ensayos de caracterización mecánica para determinar las variaciones en el comportamiento: ensayo de compactación estándar, ensayo de corte directo y ensayo de compresión simple. Los valores obtenidos mediante los ensayos realizados demostraron la mejora de las características mecánicas del suelo siendo la mezcla de 0.4% de fibras de polipropileno la que brinda un mejor resultado en comparación con las mezclas de menor proporción.
This thesis aims to evaluate a reinforcement method based on the incorporation of polypropylene fibers to increase the strength and improve the mechanical characteristics of Palian- Huancayo’s clay soil. Clay is a cohesive soil consisting of fine particles, these characteristics determine the capacity of deformation and compression, as well as low resistance to cutting and loads. Therefore, it seeks to strengthen and improve the mechanical behavior of clay through physical and chemical methods. This research proposes the addition of polypropylene fibers as reinforcement method for which the soil under study was analyzed with different percentages of fibers added 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and a fiber length of 10 millimeters. Physical characterization tests were carried out to identify the natural soil: granulometry by sedimentation, limits of consistency and specific gravity of the solids. The natural soil and the mixtures with different percentages of fibers were subjected to the following mechanical characterization tests to determine the variations in behavior: Standard compaction test, unconfined compression test, and shear direct test. The values obtained through the tests demonstrated the improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the soil being the mixture of 0.4% of polypropylene fibers the one that provides a better result compared to the mixtures of a lower proportion.
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Benoit, Aurélien. "Sources laser fibrées hybrides de haute puissance : Amplification et conversion de fréquences." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0024/document.

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Les lasers à fibre de haute puissance constituent depuis une dizaine d’année un outil pertinent pour un nombre croissant d’applications. Dans le cadre d’un contrat CIFRE entre la société Eolite Systems et le laboratoire Xlim (UMR 7252 du CNRS et de l’Université de Limoges), mon projet de thèse a consisté à développer les briques technologiques de futures sources lasers
High-power fiber lasers adress an increasing number of applications since ten years. In the frame of a CIFRE contract between the company Eolite Systems and Xlim (joint laboratory between CNRS and the University of Limoges), the goal of this PhD project was to develop the technological blocs to achieve all-fibre high-power lasers emiting out of the conventional spectral band covered by existing lasers.Modal instabilities in large mode area (LMA) fibers are currently the main limitation of the fiber lasers power scaling. We have experimentally demonstrated the relevance of inner cladding aperiodic structures to efficiently delocalize higher order modes outside the gain region. A systematic study of passive fibers based on such structures has shown the single propagation of the fundamental mode over a wide wavelength range from 1 to 2 µm for dimension of core up to 85 µm. This effective mode delocalization even extends up to a core dimension of 140 µm at a 2 µm wavelength.The combination of high power picosecond fiber laser with an average power of 22.7 W and a hydrogen-filled inhibited coupling Kagome fiber allowed us to generate two Raman combs over five frequency octaves from 321 nm to 12.5 µm. These two combs are controlled by the laser pump polarization and generated an average power of 10.1 W displayed over 70 laser lines for circular pump polarization and 8.6 W over 30 lines for linear polarization. Some laser lines within these combs have been generated for the first time from high-power fiber source in the mid-infrared range. We have also demonstrated the generation of high-power line by optimizing the first vibrational Stokes at 1.8 µm with an average power of 9.3 W and a quantum efficiency of the frequency conversion stage close to 80%
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Books on the topic "Fibrous clay"

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Pam, Robson, ed. Art from sand and earth: With projects using clay, plaster, and natural fibres. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997.

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Cashmere, mohair and other luxury animal fibres for the breeder andspinner. White Rose II, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fibrous clay"

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Ruiz-Hitzky, Eduardo, Margarita Darder, Ana C. S. Alcântara, Bernd Wicklein, and Pilar Aranda. "Recent Advances on Fibrous Clay-Based Nanocomposites." In Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials, 39–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_283.

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Kaboré, A., and C. Ouellet-Plamondon. "Characterization of the Clay and Fibres for Hygrothermal Modelling." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 345–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1004-3_29.

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Athira, T., and T. Sini. "Effect of Palm Fibres on Lime Blended Sandy Clay." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 89–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_9.

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Ruiz-Hitzky, E., P. Aranda, M. Darder, and F. M. Fernandes. "Fibrous Clay Mineral–Polymer Nanocomposites." In Developments in Clay Science, 721–41. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098258-8.00023-7.

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López-Galindo, Alberto, César Viseras, Carola Aguzzi, and Pilar Cerezo. "Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Uses of Fibrous Clays." In Developments in Clay Science, 299–324. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53607-5.00013-x.

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Ramesh, M. "Polysaccharide-Fibrous Clay Bionanocomposites and their Applications." In Advanced Applications of Micro and Nano Clay, 1–26. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901915-1.

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Bionanocomposites are multifunctional materials, which contain biological origin and particles, have nanometer-scale dimensions (1–100 nm) and can be employed in a vast range of applications in fields like tissue engineering, electronic appliances, biosensors, regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems and food packaging due to their remarkable advantage of exhibiting biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and biodegradability. To develop naturally biodegradable materials like bionanocomposites, several biopolymers are employed in recent years. Polysaccharides are made up of sugar molecules linked together by glycosidic bonds. These polymeric carbohydrates, which are the most prevalent polymers in nature, are gaining interests as a feasible replacement for synthetic polymers in nanocomposite materials manufacturing. Polysaccharides are promising matrix for the production of green nanocomposites due to their biodegradable nature and biocompatible qualities, hierarchical structure, and high film-forming ability. This chapter discusses the processing, properties, characterisation, and applications of bio-based nanocomposites with various polysaccharides functionalized by various nanofillers.
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Dias, M. I., and F. Rocha. "Fibrous clay minerals as lithostratigraphic markers in a Tertiary continental deposit (Malpica do Tejo, Portugal)." In 2001. A Clay Odyssey, 71–78. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450945-1/50098-1.

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Skinner, H. Catherine W., Malcolm Ross, and Clifford Frondel. "What Is an Inorganic Fiber?" In Asbestos and Other Fibrous Materials. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195039672.003.0004.

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Fibers are everywhere around us. They are essential parts of the human body, our hair, for example; the threads in our clothing, natural or synthetic; the insulation in our houses. Natural fibers have been useful to humans for more than ten thousand years. They were mixed with clay before firing to strengthen and reinforce pottery vessels, making them more durable. Textiles that combined the fibers of flax and asbestos were known in ancient times for their seemingly magical resistance to fire and decay. It was industrialization, however, that caused a dramatic increase in the use of natural inorganic or mineral fibers. By the late nineteenth century asbestos had become an important commodity with a variety of commercial applications. It served as insulation to control heat generated by engines and, because of its incombustibility, as a fire retardant in its more recent general use as building insulation. Asbestos fibers are found worldwide in many products: as reinforcement in cement water pipes and the inert and durable mesh material used in filtration processes of chemicals and petroleum, for example. However, asbestos is not the only inorganic fiber in use today. Synthetic inorganic fibers abound. Glass fibers have replaced copper wire in some intercontinental telephone cables. Fiberglas (a trade name) has become the insulation material of choice in construction. Carbon and graphite fiber composites are favored materials for tennis racket frames and golf clubs. Fibrous inorganic materials have become commonplace in our everyday lives. As the use of inorganic fibers increased, there were some indications that fibers might be hazardous to our health. Since the first century A.D. it was suspected that asbestos might be the cause of illness among those who mined and processed the material. Asbestosis, a debilitating and sometimes fatal lung disorder, was documented and described in the nineteenth century. Within the last 25 years, lung cancer and mesothelioma have also been linked to asbestos exposure among construction and textile workers, as well as others exposed to dusts containing asbestos fibers. Although the etiology and specific mechanisms that give rise to these two cancers are not yet understood, concern for the health of exposed workers led the governments of the United States and other countries to specify the maximum allowable concentrations of asbestos in the ambient air of the workplace.
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Urabe, Kazuo, Sei-ichiro Iida, and Yusuke Izumi. "Ni-Exchanged Sepiolite as a Fibrous Clay Catalyst for Selective Dehydration of n-Butyl Alcolol to Dibutyl Ether." In Zeolites and Microporous Crystals, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Zeolites and Microporous Crystals, 453–60. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63287-5.

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Dritsas, Ioannis, Tong Sun, and Ken Gratt. "Global Optimization of Conventional and Holey Double-Clad Fibres by Stochastic Search." In Stochastic Optimization - Seeing the Optimal for the Uncertain. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/15508.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fibrous clay"

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Elmoselhy, Salah A., Badr S. Azzam, and Sayed M. Metwalli. "Experimental Analysis of Laminated Fibrous Micro-Composite E-Springs for Vehicle Suspension Systems." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80780.

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Laminated fibrous micro-composite E-spring is an optimized trend of springs for vehicle suspension systems. The mechanical and frequency-response-based properties of these springs are investigated experimentally at both of the structural and constitutional levels. Thermoplastic-based and thermoset-based fibrous composite structures of the E-springs are modified at micro-scale with various additives and consequently they are compared. The experimental results reveal that additives of micrometer-sized particles of E-glass fibers as well as mineral clay to an ISO-phthalic polyester resin of the micro-composite E-spring can demonstrate superior characteristics that can surpass those of the traditional steel springs. Accordingly, micro-composite E-springs can displace both of the hydraulic dampers and steel springs in both of the passive and semi-active suspension systems in a reliable, simple, and cost-effective way.
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Sadooni, Fadhil N., Hamad Al-Saad Al-Kuwari, Ahmad Sakhaee-Pour, Wael S. Matter, and Indra Gunawan. "Lithologic Characterization and Micropore Structures of Gas Shale Strata: An example from the Midra Shale of Western Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0024.

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Gas shale is the future hydrocarbon reservoir of Qatar. The Qatari geologic section has had important successions of gas shale at different geologic times including the Eocene Midra shale, the Cretaceous Ratawi and Nahr Umr, and the Paleozoic Qusaibah and Unayzah formations. Shale samples were collected from the outcrops of the Midra Shale in Dukhan and Umm Bab areas. Samples were subjected to geochemical analyses using XRD and RXF. Selected samples were examined under SEM and TEM microscopes. All the studied samples contain palygorskite as the main mineral and, in some cases, the only mineral present, as indicated by X-ray diffraction patterns. XRF analysis shows palygorskite range from ideal palygorskite (equal aluminum and magnesium content) to aluminous palygorskite where no magnesium is recorded. The most common other minor minerals are halite, quartz, calcite, and other clay minerals: illite, smectite and sepiolite. The palygorskite chain phyllo silicates results in a fibrous habit with channels running parallel to the fiber length. Images from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) clearly show the presence of bundled lath-like crystals of palygorskite 5 to 20 nm in width and several micrometers in length. The Midra Shale was deposited in a shallow marine shelf that was subjected to clastic influx from the nearby land. Although, the Midra contains many elements that support deposition under marine conditions such as large foraminifera and shark teeth, the presence of fully developed shale horizons indicate a mixed marine-continental depositional setting. Most of the micropores are channels associated with the palygorskite laths as can be seen from the TEM images or some dissolution pores that resulted from halite and gypsum dissolution by meteoric water.
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Suffri, N., M. Jeludin, and S. Rahim. "Consolidation behaviour of soft clay reinforced with crushed coir fibres." In 7th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2018 (BICET 2018). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.1602.

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Koška, Pavel, Pavel Peterka, Valérie Doya, Jan Aubrecht, Ivan Kasik, and Ondřej Podrazký. "Enhancement of pump absorption efficiency by bending and twisting of double clad rare earth doped fibers (Conference Presentation)." In Micro-structured and Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, Jiri Kanka, and Alexis Mendez. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2268305.

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Jasim, Ali, Ondřej Podrazký, Pavel Peterka, Filip Todorov, and Pavel Honzátko. "Experimental investigation and characterization of fabrication shaped clad optical fiber by thermally polishing optical fiber preforms with CO2 laser." In Micro-structured and Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2520995.

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Grábner, Martin, Kanagaraj Nithyanandan, Pavel Peterka, Pavel Koška, Pavel Honzátko, and Ali A. Jasim. "Numerical modelling of pump absorption in coiled and twisted double-clad fiber: a prospect for tandem pumped fiber laser." In Micro-Structured and Specialty Optical Fibres VI, edited by Christian-Alexander Bunge, Kyriacos Kalli, and Pavel Peterka. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2557230.

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Renner-Erny, Ruth, Loredana Di Labio, Valerio Romano, Willy Lüthy, and T. Feurer. "Silica-based air-clad fibres: evaluation of drawing parameters." In Photonics Europe, edited by Ali Adibi, Shawn-Yu Lin, and Axel Scherer. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.662388.

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Kochanowicz, Marcin, and Dominik Dorosz. "The manufacturing and properties of double-clad optical fibres." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.784685.

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Gambell, Adam, Nikita Simakov, Alexander Hemming, and Adrian Carter. "Brillouin measurements of double clad, metal coated optical fibres." In Fiber Lasers XIX: Technology and Systems, edited by César Jáuregui-Misas and V. R. Supradeepa. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2614974.

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Peterka, P. "Novel coupling element for end-pumping of double-clad fibres." In 31st European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20050706.

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