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Academic literature on the topic 'Fibrosis Assessment'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

1

Virarkar, Mayur, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Melissa W. Taggart, and Priya Bhosale. "Liver Fibrosis Assessment." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 42, no. 4 (August 2021): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2021.03.003.

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2

Loomba, Rohit, and Leon A. Adams. "Advances in non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis." Gut 69, no. 7 (February 17, 2020): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317593.

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Liver fibrosis should be assessed in all individuals with chronic liver disease as it predicts the risk of future liver-related morbidity and thus need for treatment, monitoring and surveillance. Non-invasive fibrosis tests (NITs) overcome many limitations of liver biopsy and are now routinely incorporated into specialist clinical practice. Simple serum-based tests (eg, Fibrosis Score 4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Score) consist of readily available biochemical surrogates and clinical risk factors for liver fibrosis (eg, age and sex). These have been extensively validated across a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, however, tend to be less accurate than more ‘complex’ serum tests, which incorporate direct measures of fibrogenesis or fibrolysis (eg, hyaluronic acid, N-terminal propeptide of type three collagen). Elastography methods quantify liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis and are more accurate than simple serum NITs, however, suffer increasing rates of unreliability with increasing obesity. MR elastography appears more accurate than sonographic elastography and is not significantly impacted by obesity but is costly with limited availability. NITs are valuable for excluding advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, however, are not sufficiently predictive when used in isolation. Combining serum and elastography techniques increases diagnostic accuracy and can be used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. Unfortunately, NITs have not yet been demonstrated to accurately reflect fibrosis change in response to treatment, limiting their role in disease monitoring. However, recent studies have demonstrated lipidomic, proteomic and gut microbiome profiles as well as microRNA signatures to be promising techniques for fibrosis assessment in the future.

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Masuzaki, Ryota, Tatsuo Kanda, Reina Sasaki, Naoki Matsumoto, Masahiro Ogawa, Shunichi Matsuoka, Seth J. Karp, and Mitsuhiko Moriyama. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 4906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144906.

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Liver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as elastography and serum biochemical tests. Transient elastography is reported to have excellent performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and has been accepted as a useful tool for the prediction of HCC development and other clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is a new technique and provides a real-time stiffness image. Serum fibrosis markers have been studied based on the mechanism of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. In the healthy liver, homeostasis of the extracellular matrix is maintained directly by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs and TIMPs could be useful serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis and promising candidates for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to establish liver fibrosis-specific markers based on further clinical and molecular research. In this review, we summarize noninvasive fibrosis tests and molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis in current daily clinical practice.

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Castera, Laurent. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 4 (2015): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000374097.

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Background: The prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases greatly depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis with the risk of developing cirrhosis. Liver biopsy, traditionally considered as the reference standard for the staging of fibrosis, has been challenged over the past decade by the development of novel noninvasive methodologies. Key Messages: Noninvasive methods rely on two different but complementary approaches: a ‘biological' approach based on the dosage serum biomarkers, and a ‘physical' approach based on the measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastography (TE). There are two clinically relevant endpoints for the staging of liver fibrosis: (1) significant fibrosis (indication for antiviral treatment in viral hepatitis B and C), and (2) cirrhosis (indication for screening of esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinoma). TE (FibroScan®), FibroTest® and APRI have been the most extensively studied and validated methods, mainly in chronic hepatitis C. Combining two unrelated methods, such as TE and biomarkers, is an attractive approach that increases diagnostic performance and limits the drawback of both methodologies. TE appears to be an excellent tool for the early detection of cirrhosis with likely prognostic value in this setting. Thus far, however, it cannot replace upper endoscopy for screening of esophageal varices. The main limitation of TE in clinical practice is the impossibility of obtaining reliable liver stiffness measurements in around 20% of cases, mainly comprising obese patients. Conclusion: An increasing number of reliable noninvasive methods are now available that are widely used in clinical practice, mostly in viral hepatitis, resulting in a significant decrease in the need for liver biopsy.

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Mesa, Ruben A. "Detangling fibrosis assessment in MPNs." Leukemia Research 34, no. 7 (July 2010): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2010.01.014.

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6

Hall, P. de la M., M. A. Jenner, L. R. Jarvis, and M. Ahern. "Morphometric assessment of hepatic fibrosis." Pathology 23 (1991): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36166-9.

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7

Jellis, Christine, Jennifer Martin, Jagat Narula, and Thomas H. Marwick. "Assessment of Nonischemic Myocardial Fibrosis." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56, no. 2 (July 2010): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.047.

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8

Kelleher, T. Barry, and Nezam Afdhal. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Clinics in Liver Disease 9, no. 4 (November 2005): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2005.08.002.

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Bonder, Alan, Elliot B. Tapper, and Nezam H. Afdhal. "Contemporary Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis." Clinics in Liver Disease 19, no. 1 (February 2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.007.

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10

Barr, Richard G., Giovanna Ferraioli, Mark L. Palmeri, Zachary D. Goodman, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Jonathan Rubin, Brian Garra, et al. "Elastography Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Ultrasound Quarterly 32, no. 2 (June 2016): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ruq.0000000000000209.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

1

Meloff, Liann Rachel. "Assessment of eating disorder symptomatology in patients with cystic fibrosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ64876.pdf.

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2

Bradley, Judith. "The assessment of disability and handicap in adult cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311617.

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3

Jaffe, Adam. "Assessment and feasibility of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis in children." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589769.

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4

Adam, Ryan John. "Quantitative morphologic assessment of the newborn cystic fibrosis pig tracheal lobe." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2807.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease leading to disrupted function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. CF affects many organ systems including the pancreas, liver, intestine, sweat glands, and gallbladder. The leading cause of morbidity and mortality, however, is lung disease. A porcine model of CF was developed, and over time it develops lung disease that recapitulates many of the characteristics observed in humans with CF including airway remodeling, mucus accumulation, infection, and inflammation. At birth, and despite the absence of inflammation and infection, the CF pig airways exhibit a host of abnormalities including tracheal cartilage ring defects, abnormal appearing smooth muscle bundles, reduced trachea diameter, and reduced mainstem bronchi diameter. The primary objectives of this study were to construct an experimental method that allowed for the attainment of airway size information at multiple inflation pressures, to assess the extent of airway narrowing in the newborn CF porcine lung at 20 cmH2O, to determine the tracheal lobe volume for CF and non-CF, and to perform morphologic assessment of the parenchymal airspaces for CF and non-CF newborn pigs. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was selected as the primary analysis tool. The volumetric, high resolution data sets of micro-CT provided a means to virtually track airways through the three dimensional space of the lung, and to image airways as small as 250 microns in diameter. Due to experimental constraints, only one lobe was analyzed: the tracheal lobe; it is the porcine equivalent of the human right upper lobe. Each excised tracheal lobe was cannulated and micro-CT scanned five times. Each lobe was scanned at multiple inflation pressures ranging from 0 to 20 cmH2O. The airways were segmented with a custom designed, substantially-automated computer algorithm. Quantitative analysis of airway size was done with the Pulmonary Workstation 2 software package. At a pressure of 20 cmH2O, the CF airway narrowing was most pronounced in the large airways of the tracheal lobe, and the percent difference in airway cross sectional area between CF and non-CF lessened for airways of smaller size. The volume of the newborn CF pig tracheal lobe was approximately twenty percent smaller than non-CF, but no differences were observed in tracheal lobe airspace histology between the groups. Airway size deviations at birth imply developmental abnormalities in utero that are dependent upon CFTR function. Additionally, the observation that reduced airway caliber exists only in relatively large airways suggests a time-dependent role of CFTR on airway development, as the large airways develop before the small ones in utero. These findings may provide insight to the early pathogenesis of CF lung disease.

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Adam, Ryan J. "Radiographic assessment of lung anatomy, physiology, and disease in a porcine model of cystic fibrosis and people with cystic fibrosis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5692.

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Despite affecting many organ systems, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population is lung disease. For the current studies we investigated elements of CF lung disease in a porcine model of CF and in people with CF. Our primary analysis tool was chest computed tomography (CT). To investigate early CF lung disease we examined three week old CF and non-CF pigs. We found three week old CF pigs to have large, irregular tracheal smooth muscle bundles, airways of reduced size, airways of irregular shape, and airways of abnormal distensibility. Three week old CF pig lung parenchyma was more heterogenous in density than three week non-CF pigs, especially in the right cephalad lung. The degree of lung tissue heterogeneity in CF pigs correlated with the degree of lung infection. Three week old CF pigs also had significantly more air trapping upon exhalation, evidence of airflow obstruction, than non-CF pigs. The degree of air trapping correlated with the degree of mucus accumulation in the airways. These data show that CF pigs spontaneously develop hallmark features of CF lung disease within weeks of birth, and that abnormal airway growth and development in CF may contribute to lung disease. This study helped set the foundation for future comparative studies involving CF therapeutics, for example, antibiotics and mucolytics. In adults with CF we performed a before drug, after drug study. The drug was ivacaftor, and it restores the basic underlying defect in a subset of people with CF: impaired function of a particular anion channel. We hypothesized that abnormal airway smooth muscle behavior in people with CF, known as “CF asthma,” is, in part, a primary pathogenic mechanism of CF lung disease. We tested our hypothesis by assaying smooth muscle tone before and after administration of ivacaftor. We limited the time duration to two days. We reasoned two days was long enough for ivacaftor to become effective, but not long enough to reverse long standing lung infection and inflammation which could affect smooth muscle function independently. The implication being, that observed changes would be directly due to restoration of the CF defect. We found evidence suggesting relaxation of airway and vascular smooth muscle tone. And, the change in airway smooth muscle tone correlated with the change in vascular smooth muscle tone. These data suggest that impaired smooth muscle function is a primary element of CF lung disease. Many of the people in our two day ivacaftor study returned for follow up after one year of ivacaftor therapy. We hypothesized that radiographic features of lung disease would improve following one year of ivacaftor therapy. We observed no change in lung volume upon inspiration, but a reduction in expiratory lung volume, approximately half of which occurred within two days. Our airway measurements were confounded by errors in scan reconstruction, however, other published studies report airway wall thinning over long term ivacaftor administration. Taken together, these studies of pigs with CF and people with CF, help us understand this disease.

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6

Guha, Indra Neil. "Exploring the diagnostic tools for the assessment of liver fibrosis using biofluids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443044.

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Olveda, David Brian Uy. "Assessment of Schistosomiasis Induced Morbidity in the Philippines." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368011.

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Schistosomiasis is a water-borne tropical disease plaguing approximately 240 million people worldwide. Approximately 3-70 million disability-adjusted life years are lost due to the disease. In the Philippines, schistosomiasis japonica is currently endemic in 28 provinces, 190 municipalities, and 2230 barangays (villages). Approximately 12 million residents of these endemic areas are vulnerable to infection. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel has been the cornerstone for schistosomiasis control in the country. The current national control program comprises annual free mass drug administration (MDA) (40 mg/kg PZQ) in all schistosomiasis-endemic communities with a prevalence of >10%. The Philippine National Schistosomiasis Control Program has recently reported that human prevalence has declined to less than 3% nationally. However, contradictory reports claim the national program is faltering. Poor drug coverage, poor drug compliance, infrequent monitoring and evaluation, and high reinfection rates daunt control efforts. Zoonotic transmission further complicates control efforts. Furthermore, advanced disease cases and schistosomiasis-related deaths are currently being reported in endemic areas throughout the country.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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8

Gangell, Catherine Louise. "Evaluation of the forced oscillation technique for clinical assessment of young children with cystic fibrosis." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0213.

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Background: Measurements of lung function are routinely used in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to provide information that may be clinically relevant. Spirometry is the conventional lung function measurement used, however young children find spirometry difficult to perform and often cannot achieve the strict acceptability criteria for the test. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a lung function measurement that only requires tidal breathing and is easy for young children to perform. However, there is limited information about the utility of this technique in the clinical assessment of young children with CF who are unable to perform spirometry. Aims: The aim of this project was to evaluate the FOT for clinical assessment in 2 to 7 year old children with CF. Specifically this involved: 1. Technical assessment of the FOT in children with CF; 2. Comparisons of lung function using the FOT in children with CF and healthy children; 3. Evaluation of associations with factors known to be associated with lung disease including: i) inflammation ii) infection and iii) structural damage. Methods Lung function was measured in a cohort of 59 children between the ages of 2 and 7 years with CF at the time of quarterly clinic visits. Resistance and reactance at 6, 8 and 10Hz (Rrs6, Rrs8, Rrs10, Xrs6, Xrs8, Xrs10, respectively) were reported and expressed as Z scores. Children were classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic based on a respiratory questionnaire and physical examination at the time of testing. Bronchoalveolar lavage and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed annually under general anaesthesia annually. BAL fluid was assessed for the presence of micro-organisms and quantification of a range of inflammatory markers and HRCT used to determine the extent of structural abnormalities. Results: The between test repeatability (n=25) for lung function was within limits previously described in healthy children. No systematic bias was observed and repeatability was not affected by the presence of respiratory symptoms. Children with CF (n=57) had significantly increased Rrs6-10 (p<0.0001) and decreased Xrs6-10 (p<0.004) compared to healthy children. Rrs6 and Xrs6-10 were significantly worse in the presence of respiratory symptoms, and Rrs6-10 progressively worsened from an asymptomatic to a symptomatic clinic visit. Children with CF (n=48) had no greater bronchodilator response (BDR) compared to healthy children. BDR was not influenced by the presence of an infection or respiratory symptoms. No relationships between inflammatory markers and lung function (n=39) were identified when the presence of an infection was adjusted for. Children with a current infection (n=20) had increased Rrs6-10 (p<0.01) and decreased Xrs6-10 (p<0.04) compared to children who were uninfected (n=23). These relationships were most marked for children infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with children having a reduced lung function between 0.95 and 1.47 of a Z score. No relationships with the presence or absence of mild structural abnormalities (bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening and air trapping) and lung function at the time of HRCT were identified (n=34). Conclusion: The FOT is a repeatable measurement of lung function in children with CF and reliable results can be obtained in children as young as 2 years old. Young children with CF exhibit altered respiratory function which was affected by the presence of factors known to be associated with lung disease. The FOT has the potential to provide useful information about changes in clinical status in young children with CF and may be used to direct management of patient lung disease.

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9

Gray, Robert Donald. "Non-invasive biomarkers of inflammation in the assessment of cystic fibrosis lung disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24641.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal inherited single gene defect in Caucasian populations. CF lung disease is characterised by infection, inflammation and progressive lung destruction. Lung inflammation is measurable in CF patients even with early disease. Gene therapy offers a theoretical cure for CF lung disease, with large clinical trials now being planned. There is not only a clear need for the development of new therapies in CF but also the means to measure the success of these therapies. One possible approach is to measure biomarkers of airway inflammation non-invasively (in sputum or serum). In this thesis I have employed a number of techniques to measure potential biomarkers in sputum and blood in both cross sectional and serial samples following treatment. Sputum was collected from patients with CF and a number of control groups including Asthma, Bronchiectasis, COPD and healthy controls. SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry was utilised to identify candidate protein biomarkers in sputum. Candidate biomarkers were then identified and compared to established biomarkers by ELISA in sputum. Emission spectroscopy was used to measure metal ions as non-protein biomarkers in sputum. SELDI TOF, ELISA and optical spectroscopy were used to measure biomarkers in CF sputum before and after exacerbation treatment. Calprotectin was also measured in serum before and after exacerbation. SELDI TOF identified calprotectin as a marker of CF lung disease, which highly discriminated CF from control. This could also be measured by ELISA and compared favourably to other inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Emission spectroscopy identified sputum zinc and iron as discriminatory markers of CF. Sputum calprotectin and zinc levels changed significantly following treatment of CF exacerbation. Serum calprotectin also changed significantly and could predict future outcome in these patients. In this thesis I demonstrate the discover}' and application of novel biomarkers of CF lung inflammation. I describe calprotectin (sputum and serum) as useful in the monitoring of exacerbation therapy, with similar findings being displayed for sputum zinc. Further work is now required to fully validate these findings for translation into clinically useful tools.

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10

Karlas, Thomas, and Johannes Wiegand. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with NAFLD Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter and 1H-MR Spectroscopy." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-142654.

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Introduction: Non-invasive assessment of steatosis and fibrosis is of growing relevance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 1H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the ultrasound-based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) correlate with biopsy proven steatosis, but have not been correlated with each other so far. We therefore performed a headto- head comparison between both methods. Methods: Fifty patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 15 healthy volunteers were evaluated with 1H-MRS and transient elastography (TE) including CAP. Steatosis was defined according to the percentage of affected hepatocytes: S1 5-33%, S2 34–66%, S3 $67%. Results: Steatosis grade in patients with NAFLD was S1 36%, S2 40% and S3 24%. CAP and 1H-MRS significantly correlated with histopathology and showed comparable accuracy for the detection of hepatic steatosis: areas under the receiveroperating characteristics curves were 0.93 vs. 0.88 for steatosis $S1 and 0.94 vs. 0.88 for $S2, respectively. Boot-strapping analysis revealed a CAP cut-off of 300 dB/m for detection of S2-3 steatosis, while retaining the lower cut-off of 215 dB/m for the definition of healthy individuals. Direct comparison between CAP and 1H-MRS revealed only modest correlation (total cohort: r = 0.63 [0.44, 0.76]; NAFLD cases: r = 0.56 [0.32, 0.74]). For detection of F2–4 fibrosis TE had sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.1% at a cut-off value of 8.85 kPa. Conclusion: Our data suggest a comparable diagnostic value of CAP and 1H-MRS for hepatic steatosis quantification. Combined with the simultaneous TE fibrosis assessment, CAP represents an efficient method for non-invasive characterization of NAFLD. Limited correlation between CAP and 1H-MRS may be explained by different technical aspects, anthropometry, and presence of advanced liver fibrosis.

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Books on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

1

Bradley, Judith M. The assessment of disability and handicap in adult cystic fibrosis. [s.l: The Author], 1999.

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2

United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Cystic fibrosis and DNA tests: Implications of carrier screening. Washington, DC: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1992.

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Chern, E. James. Assessment of probability of detection of delaminations in fiber-reinforced composites. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1991.

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Heather, Nicky. Nutritional management of cystic fibrosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0024.

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This chapter covers the nutritional management of cystic fibrosis. This includes discussion of the risk factors for malnutrition, assessment of nutritional status, assessment of nutritional requirements, and practical management. The chapter includes a section on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

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Dilsizian, Vasken, Ines Valenta, and Thomas H. Schindler. Myocardial Viability Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0021.

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Heart failure may be a consequence of ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Etiologies for LV systolic dysfunction in ischemic cardiomyopathy include; 1) transmural scar, 2) nontransmural scar, 3) repetitive myocardial stunning, 4) hibernating myocardium, and 5) remodeled myocardium. The LV remodeling process, which is activated by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), stimulates toxic catecholamine actions and matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in maladaptive cellular and molecular alterations5, with a final pathway to interstitial fibrosis. These responses to LV dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis lead to progressive worsening of LV function. Established treatment options for ischemic cardiomyopathy include medical therapy, revascularization, and cardiac transplantation. While there has been continuous progress in the medical treatment of heart failure with beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers, and aldosterone to beneficially influence morbidity and mortality, the 5-years mortality rate for heart failure patients remains as high as 50%. Revascularization procedures include percutaneous transluminal coronary artery interventions (PCI) including angioplasty and endovascular stent placement and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whereas patents with heart failure due to non-coronary etiologies may best benefit from medical therapy or heart transplantation, coronary revascularization has the potential to improve ventricular function, symptoms, and long term survival, in patients with heart failure symptoms due to CAD and ischemic cardiomyopathy.

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US GOVERNMENT. Cystic Fibrosis and DNA Tests: Implications of Carrier Screening. Office of Technology Assessment, 1992.

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Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Chest medicine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0011.

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This chapter provides information on the ageing lung, respiratory infections, influenza, pneumonia, pneumonia treatment, vaccinating against pneumonia and influenza, pulmonary fibrosis, rib fractures, pleural effusions, pulmonary embolism, aspiration pneumonia/pneumonitis, lung cancers, chronic cough, presentation of tuberculosis, tuberculosis investigation, treatment of tuberculosis, assessment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), drug treatment of asthma and COPD, non-drug treatment of asthma and COPD, oxygen therapy, and asbestos-related disease.

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Voilliot, Damien, Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak, and Eduardo Bossone. Diseases with a main influence on right ventricular function. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0060.

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As an important and independent predictive factor of morbidity and mortality, right ventricular (RV) function should be carefully assessed in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, lung fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, or obesity. RV assessment requires a complete study of the ‘RV-pulmonary circulation unit’ with estimation of RV preload, RV intrinsic contractility, and RV afterload. Therefore, estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function should be included in this evaluation, in addition to conventional RV systolic function assessment. Three-dimensional echocardiography has emerged as an interesting tool in RV assessment and exercise echocardiography may be interesting in the risk stratification of patients.

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Millar, Professor Ann B., Dr Richard Leach, Dr Rebecca Preston, Dr Richard Leach, Dr Richard Leach, Dr Wei Shen Lim, Dr Richard Leach, et al. Respiratory diseases and respiratory failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 covers respiratory diseases and respiratory failure, including clinical presentations of respiratory disease, assessment of diffuse lung disease, hypoxaemia, respiratory failure, and oxygen therapy, pneumonia, mycobacterial infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, mediastinal lesions, pneumothorax, pleural disease, asbestos-related lung disease, diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease, sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis, eosinophilic lung disease, airways obstruction, aspiration syndromes, and near-drowning, pulmonary vasculitis, the immunocompromised host, sleep apnoea, and rare pulmonary diseases.

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Sierakowski, Adam, David Warwick, and Roderick Dunn. Vascular. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0018.

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Vascular pathology in the hand may present to many different specialties, and delayed referral to hand specialists is not unusual. We provide an overview of vascular hand anatomy and pathophysiology to enable early diagnosis and treatment. We discuss general assessment of vascular hand pathology, including vascular anomalies, vascular injury, and Raynaud’s disease. It is important to understand the diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment of compartment syndrome of the upper limb which if unrecognized can lead to permanent loss of function from post-ischaemic fibrosis (and may be less anticipated than lower limb compartment syndrome).

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Book chapters on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

1

Kumar, Rakesh K. "Morphological Methods for Assessment of Fibrosis." In Fibrosis Research, 179–88. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-940-0:179.

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John, Alison E., Joanne Porte, Gisli Jenkins, and Amanda L. Tatler. "Methods for the Assessment of Active Transforming Growth Factor-β in Cells and Tissues." In Fibrosis, 351–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_23.

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Klein, Sabine, Robert Schierwagen, Frank Erhard Uschner, and Jonel Trebicka. "Mouse and Rat Models of Induction of Hepatic Fibrosis and Assessment of Portal Hypertension." In Fibrosis, 91–116. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_7.

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Fulton, Judith A., and Alexandra W. M. Wilson. "Nutrition Assessment: Adults and Obesity." In Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis, 117–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16387-1_8.

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Maguiness, Karen, and Molly Bozic. "Nutritional Assessment: Age 2–20 Years." In Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16387-1_7.

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Xiao, Guangqin, and Lunan Yan. "Liver Fibrosis and Its Assessment." In Operative Techniques in Liver Resection, 43–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7411-6_5.

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de Ledinghen, Victor. "Fibrosis Assessment in Patients with NAFLD." In Liver Elastography, 123–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40542-7_10.

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Majumdar, Avik, and Massimo Pinzani. "Non-invasive Assessment of Fibrosis and Cirrhosis." In Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, 93–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119237662.ch7.

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Denzer, U. W. "Assessment of liver fibrosis: gold standard biopsy?" In Liver under Constant Attack — From Fat to Viruses, 163–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2759-7_17.

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Wielpütz, Mark O. "Functional Assessment of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease." In Medical Radiology, 175–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43539-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

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Laudus, Nele, Celia Badenas, Heike Torkler, Raina Yamamoto, Marie-Pierre Audrézet, Caroline Raynal, Manuela Seia, Valentina Giannone, Dragica Radojkovic, and Elisabeth Mc Dequeker. "Exploring the knowledge of genetics laboratories on CFTR modulator therapy eligibility: findings and reflections during external quality assessment." In Adult Cystic Fibrosis Conference abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.acf-2023.7.

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Roach, KM, P. Tongue, E. Castells, G. Elliot, H. Marshall, M. Richardson, S. Mason, L. Chachi, and P. Bradding. "S88 A human model of lung fibrosis for the assessment of anti-fibrotic strategies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.94.

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Sharma, B. S. Mahima, and N. Sujatha. "Assessment of skin fibrosis using Mueller matrix polarimetry." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmap.2018.8354544.

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Cirstea, Olga, Oxana Turcu, and Ala Jivalcovschi. "P339 Nutritional status assessment in children with cystic fibrosis." In 8th Europaediatrics Congress jointly held with, The 13th National Congress of Romanian Pediatrics Society, 7–10 June 2017, Palace of Parliament, Romania, Paediatrics building bridges across Europe. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313273.427.

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Mylavarapu, G., R. J. Fleck, M. Hossain, M. DiFrancesco, J. C. Woods, and R. S. Amin. "Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Morphology in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a7440.

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Morimoto, David, Kathleen M. Keehan, Paul E. Kilbride, and Norman P. Blair. "Retinal Reattachment of the Human Macula Assessed by Imaging Fundus Reflectometry." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.tha4.

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Visual recovery following retinal reattachment surgery may be limited by a number of factors. Detachment of the macula is the most important of these, often yielding poor visual acuity after an anatomic success. Gross morphologic changes giving a poor visual result include macular pucker, cellophane maculopathy, cystoid macular edema, and subretinal fibrosis. Some cases with a normal appearing macula by ophthalmoscopy have reduced visual acuity, and these have been attributed to misalignment of photoreceptors, faulty regeneration of photoreceptors, or RPE atrophy (4,5,6). Histologic animal studies have shown degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments following retinal detachment with gradual regeneration following reattachment (2,8). In this report we use fundus reflectometry in vivo to compare the spatial distribution of the visual pigments, contained in photoreceptor outer segments, in 3 patients following retinal reattachment surgery with 9 controls.

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McPherson, Stuart, Jessica Dyson, Laura Jopson, Steven Masson, Preya Patel, and Quentin Anstee. "P19 How effective is a ‘clinical fibrosis assessment’ using non-invasive fibrosis tests in patients with NAFLD?" In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 19–22 September 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2023-basl.35.

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Weingartner, Sebastian, Omer Burak Demirel, Chetan Shenoy, Lothar R. Schad, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, and Mehmet Akcakaya. "Functional LGE Imaging: Cardiac Phase-Resolved Assessment of Focal Fibrosis." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857759.

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Nouha, Ayadi, Feki Walid, Marrakchi Rim, Mkaouar Najla, Ketata Wajdi, Bahloul Najla, Hajer Ayadi, et al. "Assessment of nutritional status in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3703.

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Savi, Daniela, Mattia Internullo, Riccardo De Biase, Valerio Iebba, Serena Quattrucci, and Paolo Palange. "Assessment Of Daily Physical Activity In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2816.

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Reports on the topic "Fibrosis Assessment"

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Kofinova, Denica, Raina Shentova-Eneva, Petyo Hadzhiyski, Mila Baycheva, Diana Kyoseva-Shishkova, Penka Yaneva, and Daniela Avdjieva-Tzavella. Twodimensional Shear-wave Elastography for Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Children. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.10.17.

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Sowjanya, Dr Kaniti, Dr Bongu Srinivas, and Dr Metta Lakshmana Rao. A STUDY ON FIBROSCAN COMPARED TO AST TO PLATELET RATIO INDEX(APRI) FOR ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE(NAFLD). World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/1606016.

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Background : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic liver disease, and often results in the devastating outcomes of decompensated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is an important feature of metabolic syndromes and insulin resistance. The assessment of liver brosis is essential for predicting the prognosis and outcome of all forms of chronic liver disease. A liver biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of liver brosis, but it has its limitations, which include life-threatening complications. Alternative methods of non-invasive laboratory and radiological testing for the assessment of liver brosis in NAFLD have evolved during the past decade, and these methods may be able to overcome the limitations of liver biopsy. These methods include the AST/ALT ratio, the AST platelet ratio index (APRI), and the Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) score. This study was conducted in order to assess liver brosis using Fibroscan, and to compare these results to the use of AST platelet ratio index (APRI scores), and the AST/ALT ratios on NAFLD patients. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in King George Hospital Visakhapatnam,A total 122 patients were studied of which 65 were males and 57 were females.all the patients were subjected to relevant investigations including ultrasound abdomen,serum liver enzymes,broscan. The (SPSS) version 20 was used for the analysis.A Student's t-test was used to compare the AST/ALT ratio to the APRI scores between patients with advanced brosis higher than F2 and patients with mild to moderate brosis of F2 or less. RESULTS :The data showed that a high percentage of the NAFLD patients exhibited advanced stages of liver brosis based on the Fibroscan examinations. These results were supported by the strong correlation between the Fibroscan results and the AST/ALT ratio and APRI scores. Correlation analysis showed a signicant positive correlation between age and brosis scores (r = 0.27 with P = 0.004 for Pearson correlations). On the other hand, a signicant negative correlation between platelet count and stiffness scores was obtained (r = - 0.315 with P= 0.001 for Pearson correlations). Serum ALT level was determined to be signicantly negatively correlated with age by using Spearman correlations (r = - 0.232, and P = 0.022). A signicant positive correlation was observed between serum ALT and hepatic stiffness measurements using Spearman correlations (r = 0.284, and P = 0.005). This study has shown that the combination of Fibroscan CONCLUSION: and AST/ALT and APRI methods provides a valuable approach for assessing liver brosis in NAFLD patients. This can eliminate the need for liver biopsy in patients without clear indication

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