Academic literature on the topic 'Fibropapillomas in cattle'

Papillomas and fibropapillomas may occur in the skin and in different organs in animals. Ten different genotypes of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) have been identified. BPV-1 through BPV-10 are all strictly species-specific, but BPV-1/2 may also infect other species such as equids, inducing fibroblastic tumors. BPV-1 and BPV-2 are associated with fibropapillomas in cattle; these tumors are formed by excessive proliferation of virus-infected dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Nine water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were examined for the presence of multiple cutaneous and perivulvar tumors. Cutaneous and perivulvar fibropapillomatosis were confirmed histologically. Negative-stain transmission electron microscopic examination revealed papillomavirus-like particles in the fibropapillomas, and papillomaviral DNA was also detected by the polymerase chain reaction. The amplified long control region (LCR) DNA sequence was identical to that of BPV-1. The BPV-1 E5 oncoprotein was strongly expressed in the tumor cells thus confirming a causal role of the virus. This article represents the first report of cutaneous, perivulvar, and vulvar fibropapilloma associated with BPV-1 infection in the water buffalo and describes another example of cross-species infection by BPV-1.

In a 2-year survey of tumors occurring in ruminants reared in El-Dakahlyia Governorate, Egypt during the period from October 2016 to October 2018. 66 tumor masses were collected: 60 from cattle, 2 from buffaloes and 4 from sheep. According to histopathology of cattle tumors, 15 neoplasms were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma, 5 neoplasms were diagnosed as cutaneous fibropapillomas, 25 neoplasms were diagnosed as squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the eye; 8 neoplasms were diagnosed as SCC of perineum, 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as SCC in skin of muzzle, 2 neoplasms were diagnosed as epulis in dental pad, 2 neoplasms were diagnosed as vaginal leiomyoma, 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as fibroma and 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as liposarcoma. Histopathology of buffalo tumors revealed SCC in head skin (1 case) and buccal cavity (1 case). Histopathology of sheep tumors revealed SCC in skin under the tail (2 cases), skin of groin (1 case) and skin of abdomen (1 case). In conclusion, cattle (60/66) were more susceptible to tumors than buffaloes (2/66) and sheep (4/66). Females accounted for a higher percentage of the neoplasms (47/66) than males (19/66). Adult animals aged above 2 years were more frequently affected than young. The occurrence of epithelial tumors (60/66) was greater than the mesenchymal tumors (6/66). The most common epithelial tumors were ocular SCC and cutaneous papilloma. Number of malignant tumors (41/66) was higher than number of benign tumors (25/66). Variable degrees of bovine SCC differentiation were detected. Meanwhile ovine SCC appeared only well differentiated.

Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) causes fibropapillomas or bladder cancer in cattle. E5 is the major oncogene of δBPVs; however, the influence that E5 oncogene has on host microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles remains little elucidated. In the present study, small RNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in miRNAs and mRNAs in E5 over-expressing Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells compared with controls. In total, 77 miRNAs (including 30 bovine-derived miRNAs) and 223 genes were differentially expressed (DE) following E5 overexpression. The dysregulated genes were mainly involved in metabolic and biosynthetic processes. We constructed a potential miRNA-gene regulatory network from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs. Finally, 22 DEGs and nine DE miRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Of these, downregulation of six miRNAs, bta-miR-34c, bta-miR-122, bta-miR-195, bta-miR-449b, bta-miR-2425-5p, and bta-miR-2428-3p were confirmed; In addition, upregulation of 16 genes, ACSS2, DDIT4, INHBE, INSIG1, PNRC1, PSAT1, PSPH, PYCR1, SC4MOL, SLC34A2, SCD, SPARC, IDI1, PCK2, HMGCS1, and SMIM14 and downregulation of two genes, BATF3 and WFDC2 were confirmed. Specially, bta-miR-34c and bta-miR-449b potentially regulated PYCR1 and DDIT4, which were involved in cancer progression and angiogenesis. Our study presented for the first time the comprehensive miRNA and mRNA alterations in MDBK cells expressing the BPV E5 oncogene, providing new insights into the tumorigenesis induced by BPV E5.

Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) mainly infect cattle and cause fibropapillomas. δBPVs encode three oncogenes, E5, E6 and E7. The effect of E6 on microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles is not well characterized. In this study, RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in mRNAs and miRNAs in E6 over-expressing NIH/3T3 cells (NH-E6) compared with control cells (NH-GFP). We found that 350 genes (181 upregulated and 169 downregulated) and 54 miRNAs (26 upregulated and 28 downregulated) were differentially expressed (DE) following E6 expression. The top 20 significantly enriched GO terms in “biological process” included inflammatory response, innate immune response, immune response, immune system process, positive regulation of apoptotic process, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. We constructed a potential miRNA-gene regulatory network from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs. Finally, we selected 19 immune-response related DEGs and 11 DE miRNAs for qPCR validation. Of these, upregulation of 12 genes, Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Tlr2, Nfkbia, Fas, Il1rl1, Ltbp1, Rab32, and Zc3h12a, Dclk1 and downregulation of four genes, Agtr2, Ptx3, Sfrp1, and Thbs1 were confirmed. Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1 and Cxcl5 were upregulated more than ten-fold in NH-E6 compared with NH-GFP. Also, upregulation of three miRNAs, mmu-miR-129-2-3p, mmu-miR-149-5p-R-2 and mmu-miR-222-3p, and downregulation of five miRNAs, mmu-miR-582-3p-R+1, mmu-miR-582-5p, mmu-miR-708-3p, mmu-miR-708-5p and mmu-miR-1197-3p, were confirmed. Our study describes changes in both mRNA and miRNA profiles in response to BPV E6 expression, providing new insights into BPV E6 oncogene functions.

This study aimed to provide the first molecular characterization of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) in Iraq. BPV is a widely spread oncogenic virus in Iraqi cattle and is associated with the formation of both benign and malignant lesions, resulting in notable economic losses in dairy and beef cattle. In the current study, 140 cutaneous papilloma specimens were collected from cattle in central Iraq. These samples were submitted to histopathological examination, PCR, and sequencing analysis. The histopathology revealed that the main lesion type among the specimens was fibropapilloma. BPV-1 DNA was detected in 121 of the samples (86.42%) in Iraqi cattle as the main causative agent for the disease. A partial sequence for the E2, L2 genes, and complete sequence for the E5 gene were deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of BPV-1 and showed that the origin of infection may be imported European cattle. Obtaining a complete E5 gene sequence enabled us to perform structural predictions. This study presents the first report of BPV-1 infection in the Iraqi cattle and contributes to extending the knowledge of the origin of the spread of this disease. The results of this study will aid in the development of appropriate control measures and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Skin tumors are the most common neoplasia in veterinary medicine and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent. In cattle, it is the main tumor besides linfosarcoma and normally affects taurine cattle, but is rare in Nelore cattle. SCC mainly affects mucocutaneous junctions such as the eyelids, sclera, vulva, and perineum, and has already been described in vaginal, eye, and periocular tissues, in addition to the superior digestive tract. The purpose of this paper is to describe a vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in a Nelore cow.Case: A 10-year-old Nelore cow, used as an embryo donor, was submitted to a necropsy procedure. Clinically, the animal had prolonged recumbency, anorexia, weight loss, and vaginal discharge. There was a history of recurrent vaginal prolapses and an intraluminal vaginal mass that had grown over two years. At necropsy, there was diffuse fibrinous peritonitis with marked intestinal adhesions; the vagina was markedly expanded and measured 40 × 20 cm due to the presence of an intraluminal mass occupying the vestibulum and extending up to the cervix. In the vaginal lumen, there was large amount of fibrinonecrotizing malodorous material; the vaginal wall was thickened by an unencapsulated and poorly delimited, firm and white mass composed of sheets and nests of epithelial cells from the squamous layer surrounded by abundant fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were polygonal with marked pleomorphism, anisokariosis, and anisocytosis; abundant; eosinophilic; and had well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Sometimes it was possible to see desmosomes. The nuclei were rounded to oval with sparse chromatin and one or more nucleoli were seen. Mitotic figures were frequent (at least 3 per higher power field) and there were also a few multinucleated cells. Frequently, there was the formation of distinct keratin “pearls”.Discussion: SCC frequently occurs in the skin, eyes, and vulva in cattle, since these are sites that lack pigment within the epidermis and have prolonged exposed to ultraviolet light. Vaginal SCC has already been described in one cow with recurrent vaginal prolapses that was submitted to follicular aspiration. In a survey of cattle tumors, most genital tract neoplasias affected the uterus, and vaginal tumors normally originated from connective tissue - fibromas, fibropapillomas, and fibrosarcoma - or muscular tissue - leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Irreversible changes in cellular DNA can occur due to physical or chemical carcinogens, and also chronic inflammation. The cow in this paper was frequently submitted to follicular aspiration and this can cause chronic inflammation in the vaginal mucosa after the puncture and, when it’s chronic, can represent one of the main initiating factors for tumor development. This cow’s death was caused by diffuse and marked peritonitis. The same cause was previously described in cows submitted to follicular aspiration and, in one of these animals, there was a rectal perforation caused by mistakes during the procedure. In this animal, we did not find any lesions in the rectum or intestines, however, considering the gravity of the peritonitis, we were not able to exclude this hypothesis. Papillomavirus has previously been found in SCC in sheep and probably acts synergistically with ultraviolet light, however, in this animal, we did not test for the virus. Squamous cell carcinoma in an uncommon tumor in cows’ vaginas, however, this should be included as a possible differential diagnosis, especially in animals submitted to situations that can cause chronic inflammation in the genital tract.