Journal articles on the topic 'Fibres'
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1
Wani, Umar Islam. "Determination of Single Parameter for Serviceability Requirements of Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Study of Fracture Characteristics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38768.
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Abstract: This The influence of fibre reinforcement on crack propagation in concrete was studied . Thirty-five double torsion specimens, made with three types of fibres (fibre glass , straight steel fibres and deformed steel fibres ) were tested . The variables were the fibre volume and size of the fibres. The test results indicated that the resistance to rapid crack growth increased somewhat with increasing fibre content up to about 1.25% - 1.5% by volume. The degree of compaction had an enormous effect on the fracture properties .The fracture toughness increased with fibre content up to about 1.25% by volume, and then decreased , due to incomplete compaction. It was found that in this test geometry, fibres did not significantly restrain crack growth. It was also observed that once the crack had propagated down the full length of the specimen, the system changed from a continuous system to a discontinuous system, consisting of two separate plates held together by the fibre reinforcement. Different types of fibres did not significantly affect the fracture toughness. Keywords: Fibre glass, straight steel fibers, deformed steel fibers, fracture toughness.
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Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.
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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.
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Swaroop, Dasagrandhi Veda. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Banana-Jute Hybrid Fiber-reinforced Epoxy composite by varying Stacking sequence." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40581.
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Abstract: Nowadays, the study on natural fibers has gradually increased because of the environmental concerns due to usage of synthetic fibers. The natural fibres properties such as biodegradability, availability, strength made them a potential replacement of synthetic fibers. Hybrid Fibre reinforced composites are the composites that comprises two or more different fibres. The banana and jute fibres are selected because of their strength, moisture absorption capacity , availability. The epoxy resin is selected as a matrix to bind the fibres and to transfer a uniform load. Banana-Jute Hybrid fibre reinforced epoxy composite with different stacking sequences (BJB, BBJ, JBJ,JJB where B=Banana Fibre, J=Jute Fibre) will be fabricated by Hand-layup process for analyzing Shore hardness of composite samples and the same composite samples will be modelled in ANSYS to analyse the Flexural properties, tensile properties and Impact strength of composite samples. Keywords: ANSYS, Hand-layup, Shore Hardness, Flexural properties, Tensile properties.
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Bhardwaj, Anjali, Sonal Chaudhary, and Shalini Juneja. "Potential Innovations of Three Natural Fibres in Medical Applications." European Journal of Medicinal Plants 35, no. 5 (August 1, 2024): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i51200.
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This comprehensive review explores the innovative potential of natural fibres, specifically Banyan Fibre, Kenaf Fibre, and Sisal Fibre, in revolutionizing the field of medical textiles. In response to the growing emphasis on sustainability and biocompatibility in healthcare, these fibres derived from the Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), Hibiscus cannabinus plant, and sisal plant have garnered attention for their unique properties. The review covers the inherent characteristics of each fibre, including Banyan Fibre's sustainable nature, Kenaf Fibre's high tensile strength and antimicrobial features, and Sisal Fibre's robustness, moisture absorption, and antimicrobial properties. The applications of these natural fibres in medical textiles are discussed, ranging from wound care products, surgical apparel, to implantable devices, showcasing their versatility in diverse medical settings. Despite the promising attributes, challenges such as fibre refinement, standardization, and regulatory approval are acknowledged. The paper concludes by highlighting the transformative potential of these natural fibres in creating environmentally responsible and biocompatible medical textiles, aligning with global sustainability goals. The integration of these fibres not only signifies material innovations but also represents a paradigm shift towards environmentally conscious and patient-centric healthcare practices, ushering in a new era of innovation at the intersection of materials engineering and healthcare. Future research directions are suggested, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to address challenges and realize the full potential of these sustainable and biocompatible materials in advancing healthcare solutions.
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Subramanya, Raghavendra, and S. S. Prabhakara. "Surface Modification of Banana Fiber and its Influence on Performance of Biodegradable Banana-Cassava Starch Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.15.
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Natural fibers, in particularly lignocellulosic fibers are attracting material scientists now days, due to their comparative advantages over synthetic fibers. Biodegradable composites reinforced with short banana fibre after alkali treatment along with cassava starch matrix were prepared using the hot compression method. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. Mechanical properties of the composites made from alkali treated fibres were superior to the untreated fibres. SEM observations on the fracture surface of composites showed that the surface modification of the fibre occurred and improved fibre–matrix adhesion. Keywords: Surface modification; banana fiber; Biodegradable composites; Mechanical properties; Matrix.
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Mohd Bakhori, Siti Nadia, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, Noremylia Mohd Bakhori, Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Faizir Ramlie, Mohd Yusof Md Daud, and Sa’ardin Abdul Aziz. "Physical, Mechanical and Perforation Resistance of Natural-Synthetic Fiber Interply Laminate Hybrid Composites." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071322.
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Natural and synthetic fibres have emerged in high demand due to their excellent properties. Natural fibres have good mechanical properties and are less expensive, making them a viable substitute for synthetic fibers. Owing to certain drawbacks such as their inconsistent quality and hydrophilic nature, researchers focused on incorporating these two fibres as an alternative to improve the limitations of the single fibre. This review focused on the interply hybridisation of natural and synthetic fibres into composites. Natural fibres and their classifications are discussed. The physical and mechanical properties of these hybrid composites have also been included. A full discussion of the mechanical properties of natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites such as tensile, flexural, impact, and perforation resistance, as well as their failure modes, is highlighted. Furthermore, the applications and future directions of hybrid composites have been described in details.
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Kanwal, Hummaira, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Tayyaba Latif Mughal, Muhammad Asim, and Reena Majid Memon. "Human Hair as Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Concrete." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.07.
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FRC (Fibre Reinforced Concrete) is fibrous material which increases its structural integrity, resists to explosive spalling in case of environmental affects, improves mix cohesion, improves ductility, reduces of steel reinforcement requirements and reduces the voids due to good stiffness. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. Mostly, natural fibers are the waste material which may have negative impact on environment. Synthetic fibres include steel fibres and glass fibres but natural fibres are coconut fibres and human hair fibres which tends to vary the properties to concrete. In addition, the character of FRC changes with varying concrete, fibre material, geometries, distribution, orientation and densities. Hair fibre concrete gives a practical, cost-effective and convenient method to avoid cracks and deficiencies regarding strength and proper mixing ratio which occurs at a longer period. Fibres have been used to reduce plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage in concrete. In some structural elements, fibrous concrete can be used to reduce the cost of structure. Different fibres are used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. Human hair are strong in tension. Hair fibres can be utilized as a strengthening material. Hair fibre is a non-decay able matter and available at a cheap rate. Experiments have been performed on fibrous concrete cylinders containing various percentages of human hair which is 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by the weight of cement. A total of seventy-two cylinders have been prepared with FRC having different %ages of hair content. Workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength have been checked at three curing ages i.e. 7, 14 and 28 days. This research will open a new wicket in the horizon of reuse of waste material efficiently in construction industry. This innovation in construction industry will save our natural resources and use fibre in productive and an effective approach.
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Hasham, Md, V. Reddy Srinivasa, M. V. Seshagiri Rao, and S. Shrihari. "Flexural behaviour of basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901055.
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In this paper, the flexural behaviour of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars are studied and compared with slabs made with steel rebars. The optimum percentage of basalt is 0.3% for 50mm length basalt fibres. Due to high particle packing density in concrete made with basalt fibre micro cracks are prevented due to enhanced fatigue and stress dissipation capacity. Addition of basalt fibres to enhances the energy absorbtion capacity or toughness thereby enhancing the resistance to local damage and spalling. Addition of basalt fibres controlled the crack growth and crack width. Load at first crack of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than M30 grade conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars because the with addition of basalt and BFRP bars will make either the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) strong or due to bond strength of concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars. The ultimate strength in M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Deflection at the centre of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is almost double than the conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Toughness indices evaluated for M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars indicates that basalt fibre and BFRP bars will enhance the energy absorbtion capacity of slabs.
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Hyie, Koay Mei, Noor Haznida Bakar, Ridzuan Jazlan, A. Jumahat, and Anizah Kalam. "The Compressive Properties of Kevlar/Kenaf Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 763 (May 2015): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.763.19.
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Natural fibres are aimed to replace or at least to reduce the dependence of the industrial sector against low degradability of raw material. Hence, this study is performed to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and fibre orientation on the compressive properties of Kevlar/kenaf hybrid composites. Previous study suggested that treated kenaf fibres improved the fibre’s properties. Therefore, kenaf fibres was treated with NaOH of 6% concentration for 12 hours before rinsed and dried to be used in this study. The stacking sequence was varied for different weight percentage of woven Kevlar from 0 wt% to 23 wt%, while the kenaf fibres were arranged at 0° and 90° orientation, respectively. The compressive properties of the Kevlar/kenaf fibre hybrid composites were investigated using Instron Universal Testing Machine (ASTM standard D3410M). Stereo-zoom was used to identify the fibre orientation and the bonding between the fibres and matrix. For stacking sequence, the study showed that the arrangement of kenaf fibres on the middle part, “sandwiched” between Kevlar on the outer part, gave the best compressive performance. The sample in 0° orientation exhibited better compressive strength and modulus than 90° orientation. The outcome of this research has shown significant increase of compressive strength with the addition of kenaf fibre replacing the Kevlar.
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Vara Prasad, Vemu. "Experimentation and Analysis on Reinforced Basalt and Carbon Fibres Composite Laminate." Advanced Materials Research 1148 (June 2018): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1148.12.
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— The aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanical properties and water absorption capacity of carbon and basalt fibers mixed with epoxy. At present there is demand for natural friendly products. Basalt reinforced composites developed recently and these mineral amorphous fibres are a valid alternative to carbon fibers for their lower cost and to glass fibres for their strength. The present paper describes briefly on basalt and carbon fibers (unidirectional) which are used as reinforcement material for composites. The matrix epoxy (LY556-HY 951) is taken in to account to access to influence on the evaluated parameters. In order to use reinforced composites for structural applications, it is necessary to perform a mechanical characterization. With this aim experiments like tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness and water absorptions are performed. Later the mechanical properties obtained from experiments are compared with ANSYS software results. Keywords—Carbon fibre; Basalt fibre; Uni-directional fibres; Reinforcement, Mechanical Tests, Water Absorption Tests
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Silva, Elisabete R., Humberto E. Ferreira, Jorge F. J. Coelho, and João C. Bordado. "Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Cement Composite." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.343.
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This paper reports the results of a series of experiments carried out to investigate the effectiveness of newly hybrid polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE) fibres inclusion in the mechanical performance of cement matrices, with regard to fibres properties and content. The results indicate that, compared with plain cement matrix, the PP/PE fibre-reinforced cement matrices (FRC) revealed improvements on their mechanical performance. Increases of 37 ± 1% on compressive (40.2 MPa) and flexural strengths (8.1 MPa) were obtained for 24 mm fibre length composites containing a rather low fibre’s content (1 wt.%). These mechanical improvements were achieved after optimisation of the mortar workability by the addition of a superplasticizer. FRC mechanical behaviours also evidenced that despite the compressive strengths increasing with fibre length, a flexural strength effect is only noticeable for a 24 mm length fibre-reinforced composite and for fibres volume higher than 2.9 %. Morphological observations showed a strong interaction between fibres and cement matrix, evidenced a crack arrest role (bridge effect) on fibre/cement interfacial zone and revealed a typical multiple fracture cracking mechanism.
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Rees, David W. A., and Sadoon Abdallah. "Upper and Lower Bounds to Pull-Out Loading of Inclined Hooked End Steel Fibres Embedded in Concrete." Fibers 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2024): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib12080065.
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Steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) consists of short, hooked steel fibres that are randomly distributed and oriented within the cementitious matrix. This paper presents a new analytical load-bounding approach that captures the tensile response of misaligned fibres embedded in the matrix. The contribution of fibres in bridging cracks to provide the required stress transfer relies on the orientation of the fibres in the concrete. Bridging fibres aligned with a crack are less effective than those inclined to it. Therefore, understanding the pull-out behaviour of misaligned fibres is a key factor in quantifying and optimising the design of SFRC in structural applications. In the laboratory, a single-oriented fibre embedded in a solid cylinder of concrete was subjected to a pull-out test, where the axis of the tensile force is aligned with the axis of the cylinder. Based on the observed behaviour, this paper presents a new analytical bounding approach to capture the pull-out response of misaligned hooked-end steel fibres embedded in a concrete matrix. The analysis was based on a transversely isotropic failure criterion assumed for the plasticity that occurs in the cold-drawn fibre. Lower and upper bounds to the loading failure were derived from fibre pull-out and fibre fracture, respectively. The division between bounds depended upon the fibre orientation, fibre diameter and the combined strengths of the steel and concrete. Bounding predictions were drawn from ratios between a fibre’s shear strength and its transverse and axial uniaxial strengths, as found from a novel testing proposal. The two bounds were compared with new data and other experimental results published in the literature. The results showed that the region between the bounds captured the failure loads of embedded fibres with effective load-bearing orientations. A critical orientation was observed at maximum strength. The present interpretation of the plasticity occurring within off-axis, hooked-end steel fibres suggests that it is possible to optimise the strength of concrete using this method of reinforcement.
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Paiva, M. C., Anissa El Gaied, R. Ben Cheikh, and António M. Cunha. "Interfaces in Alfa Fibre-Polypropylene Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.227.
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Model composites with Polypropylene (PP) as matrix and alfa fibres (cellulose-based fibres obtained from the esparto grass of the subsaarian dry regions of Tunisia) were prepared for fibre/matrix interfacial characterization studies. The matrices tested were PP and PP combined with PP modified with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA). The surface of the alfa fibres was treated by air plasma treatment. The adhesion between the untreated and treated fibres and both matrices was studied using the fragmentation test method. Composites with 10% weight of fibres were prepared by melt extrusion and injection moulding, and the specimens obtained tested for tensile properties. The fracture surfaces of the composites, obtained at low temperature, were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of a small concentration of maleic anhydride grafted to the polymer matrix was found to be of the utmost importance for the establishment of a good fibre/matrix interface. The air plasma treatment had a cleaning effect of the fibre’s surface.
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Davindrabrabu, Mathivanan, Parlaungan Siregar Januar, Bachtiar Dandi, Mat Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi, and Tezara Cionita. "Effect of Fibre Loading on the Flexural Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.85.
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The use of pineapple leaf fibres as reinforcement in plastics had increased rapidly in past few years. Thus this project was conducted to determine and compare the flexural strength of pure epoxy and pineapple leaf fibres reinforced epoxy. The natural fibres were mixed with epoxy and hardener by weight percentage fibre content. The process employed to fabricate the specimens was hand lay-up and the natural fibres was oriented randomly. The dimensions of the specimens for flexure test were based on ASTM D790 respectively. The results obtained shows that 15% PALF reinforced epoxy composite achieved the highest flexural strength among the natural fibers reinforced epoxy composites.
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M P, Dr Rudraswamy, and Dr B. R. Patagundi. "Strength Characteristics of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Produced with Different Aspect Ratios." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48984.
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Abstract: Nowadays, fibre reinforced concrete is more popular due to its improved ductility properties. It can be transformed into a useful construction material in areas where earthquake pressures are likely to cause harm. The ability of the materials to absorb energy in these situations is crucial. The addition of various fibres, such as carbon, steel, polypropylene, or any other type of fibre, will increase the concrete's ability to absorb energy. There isn't enough research on the effects of using hybrid fibres with various aspect ratios to concrete. This experimental study sheds some information on how hybrid fibre reinforced concrete behaves when fibres of different aspect ratio are used. Strength characteristics like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and impact strength are determined for concrete produced by using fibers of different aspect ratios
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Selvakumar, P. "Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: Classification, Chemical Treatment, Mechanical and Tribological Properties." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2701rjce1110119.
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Composites are supposed to be the most promising and discriminating material available in this century. Presently, composites armoured with fibers of synthetic materials are gaining more significance as demands for lightweight materials with high potency for specific application are growing in the market. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites mainly comprise of high strength fibres embedded in polymer matrix keeping a distinct interface between them. In this FRP’s, the individual component keeps their distinct physical and chemical identities but they combine together to produce materials with excellent properties. Low density, high tensile strength and high modulus are the main characteristics of fibre reinforced polymer composites. The main factors that affect load carrying capacity are interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix, alignment of fibre in matrix and the nature of fibres. Here in this review a proportional account of the major synthetic and natural fibres as reinforcement for polymer composites as well as methods for enhancing mechanical properties are discussed. Composites reinforced with fibers of artificial materials are gaining more significance as demands for lightweight materials with high strong point for specific applications are being developing in the market.
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Enfedaque, Alejandro, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Gálvez, and Pedro Cabanas. "Numerical Simulation of the Fracture Behavior of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete by Using a Cohesive Crack-Based Inverse Analysis." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010071.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has become an alternative for structural applications due its outstanding mechanical properties. The appearance of new types of fibres and the fibre cocktails that can be configured by mixing them has created FRC that clearly exceeds the minimum mechanical properties required in the standards. Consequently, in order to take full advantage of the contribution of the fibres in construction projects, it is of interest to have constitutive models that simulate the behaviour of the materials. This study aimed to simulate the fracture behaviour of five types of FRC, three with steel fibres, one with a combination of two types of steel fibers, and one with a combination of polyolefin fibres and two types of steel fibres, by means of an inverse analysis based on the cohesive crack approach. The results of the numerical simulations defined the softening functions of each FRC formulation and have pointed out the synergies that are created through use of fibre cocktails. The information supplied can be of help to engineers in designing structures with high-performance FRC.
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Hofmann, Marcel, Dirk Wenzel, Bernd Gulich, Heike Illing-Günther, and Daisy Nestler. "Development of Nonwoven Preforms Made of Pure Recycled Carbon Fibres (rCF) for Applications of Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.555.
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For the development of an efficient and economic recycling process of carbon fibers (CF) still many technological challenges have to be mastered. One of them is the removal of all extraneous natural and synthetic fibres, e.g. polyester sewing threads. The objective of the research was to develop an in-line process for the removal of those extraneous fibres, which result from mechanical processes such as tearing. A promising approach for the removal of extraneous fibres from cut-off carbon-fibre material (CF) has been identified, getting recycled carbon fibres (rCF). For that purpose, the use of modern laser technologies is particularly promising. However, the focus was not the development of new laser systems, but the adaptation of existing technologies and their integration into textile processing steps for carbon fibre recycling. In addition to the removal of the extraneous fibres, the degree of CF losses and quality degradation due to fibre damage have been analysed and compared with optimum fibre characteristics. The separation has been experimented and corresponding laser parameters have been defined. Finally, the obtained carbon-fibre material has been tested with regard to its processability in textile manufacturing processes (dry non-woven fabric production) up to carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). For the evaluation of the material for potential applications, test plates from irradiated and non-irradiated material have been used. The performed tensile and flexural tests have proved that the irradiated material has similar properties compared to the non-exposed one.
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Rejo, Amin, Rizky Tirta Adhiguna, and Debora Geovanni Rajagukguk. "Study of Natural Dyes and Pineapple Leaf Fibres Growing Locations within Plant Stems on Dyeing Intensity." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186801030.
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The physical properties of fibres produced from pineapple leaves can vary due to the differences in growing locations within a stem and are influenced by leaf growth age. Pineapple leaf fibres require quality increase, particularly in dyeing. The utilizing of natural dyes ingredients from suji (Dracaena angustifolia) leaves extract, turmeric (Curcuma domestica val) and sappan (Caesalpinia sappan [L.]) wood have friendly impact on the environment. Various types of natural dyes and leaf fibres growing location within the stems of pineapple plants and the color intensity are carefully examined in this study. The diversity of natural dyes used in dyeing influenced the fibres color intensity of pineapple leaves. Pinneaple leaf fibers growing loccation within pineapple stems impacted fibre color lightness intensity, the axis a* and b* colors. The utilization of pineapple leaf fibers from the base of plant stem is more suitable to be used as textile raw material due to its higher lightness level.
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Lüking, Alexander, Robert Brüll, Thomas Köhler, Davide Pico, Gunnar Seide, and Thomas Gries. "One Step Production of Bicomponent Yarns with Glass Fibre Core and Thermoplastic Sheath for Composite Applications." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.506.
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The film stacking method is the industrial standard for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTCs). An alternative to this is commingling thermoplastic fibres with reinforcement fibres, e. g. glass fibres, into hybrid yarns. However, the composites produced by the use of film-stacking or hybrid yarns cannot achieve an optimal impregnation of reinforcement fibres with the matrix polymer. This stens from the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics, which prevents a uniform wetting of the reinforcement fibres. Leaving some fibers is unconnected to the matrix. This leads to composite lower strength than theoretically possible. The aim of the research is the coating of a single glass filament in the glass fibre nozzle drawing process to achive a homogenous distribution of glass fibres and matrix in the final composite. The approach uses particles with a diameter from 5 to 25 μm of polyamide 12 (PA 12) which are electrostatically charged and blown at an Eglass filament in the nozzle drawing process as seen in. The particles adhering to the filament are melted by infrared heating and winded afterwards. This development will allow the homogenous distribution of fibres and the matrix in a thermoplastic composite allowing a higher fibre volume content leading to improved mechanical properties. Even though the glass filaments could be coated with PA 12, a homogenous sheath could not be achieved in this investigation. Therefore, further research will focus on an improved homogeneity by reducing the agglomeration of PA 12, using dried PA12 and enhancing the coating setup.
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Singh, Jaspinder. "A Comparative Study of the Experimental Investigation of different types of fibres used in Concrete." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 6, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30247.
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Different types of fibres used in concrete have received much attention in civil engineering in recent years, mainly because they improve the low tensile strength and shrinkage cracks of concrete. However, there are still many problems in the research results on different types of Fibers. For example, there is still debate about the performance-enhancing or detrimental effects of different types of fibres in concrete. There is also a dispute about the influence of the size, strength, elastic modulus and other characteristic parameters of each fibre on the properties of the substrate. Research on fibre mixing rules of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) is incomplete. There is controversy regarding the choice of fibres for hybrid yarns as well as the characterization of the hybrid effect. In summary, it is necessary to review, synthesize and compare current research on FRC. Based on the major research achievements on FRC in recent years, this article synthesizes and evaluates existing research in experimental research and theoretical research on different types of fibre materials, aiming to create Reference conditions for researchers in the same field. Finally, combined with research experience in related fields, new perspectives and proposals on FRC's research are proposed for research and application. This research paper is mainly focus on the different fibres (glass, cotton, steel). KEYWORDS:- GLASS FIBRE, COTTON FIBRE, STEEL FIBRE, TENSILE STRENGTH, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH,
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Provino, Laurent, Achille Monteville, David Landais, Olivier Le Goffic, Adil Haboucha, Thiery Taunay, and David Mechin. "Les fibres microstructurées : 20 ans d’existence et un vaste éventail d’applications." Photoniques, no. 99 (November 2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20199940.
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Les fibres optiques microstructurées, également appelées fibres à trous ou fibres optiques à cristal photonique sont un type récent de guides de lumières originaux et performants apparues dans le milieu des années 1990. Elles se sont depuis imposées comme une technologie incontournable de la photonique moderne. L’originalité première de ce genre de fibre a été de permettre le guidage de la lumière dans un matériau unique grâce à leur structuration périodique. Après une vingtaine d’années de recherche, la gamme possible de structures de ces fibres optiques s’est grandement étoffée, donnant lieu à plusieurs catégories de fibres microstructurées classifiées par type de mécanisme de guidage (par réflexion totale interne, par bande interdite photonique, et par couplage inhibé). Arrivées à maturité aujourd’hui, ces fibres optiques ont démontré au fil des années un potentiel d’applications extrêmement vaste et ce, dans des domaines très variés allant de la défense aux applications biophotoniques, sous la forme de capteurs optiques ou de lasers fibrés de forte puissance.
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Abdullah, Abdul Hakim, Faris Firdaus Abdul Mutalib, and Muhd Faiz Mat. "Tensile and Fracture Toughness Properties of Coconut Spathe Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Effect of Chemical Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.603.
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Natural fibres are considered as a potential replacement for man-made fibers in composite materials because of their advantages over other established materials. However, serious problem of natural fibres is their strong polar character which creates incompatibility with most polymer matrices. In present investigation, the effect of alkaline, silane and combination of both treatments is investigated. Tensile properties and fracture toughness of coconut spathe fibre for untreated and treated were evaluated. Samples were fabricated by using the hand layup process. Result indicated that silane treatment has achieved a better performance for the tensile test while there is none improvement fracture toughness was displayed by silane or alkaline treatment as compared to untreated fibres. The alkaline treatment showed to be harmful for fracture toughness of the coconut spathe fibre since the improved interfacial adhesion impaired the main energy absorption mechanisms. Keyword: Composites, Coconut Spathe Fibre, Alkaline and Silance Treatment
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Mahltig, Boris. "High-Performance Fibres – A Review of Properties and IR-Spectra." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.96-118.
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High-performance fibres are fibre materials that exhibit at least one extraordinary property compared to con¬ventional fibre materials. That extraordinary property is frequently related to excellent fibre stability against certain influences such as fire, heat, chemicals or light. Also, a high mechanical strength is often a property of high-performance fibres. Nevertheless, it should be noted that high-performance fibres exhibit certain weak¬nesses in addition to their advantages. This review presents a broad overview of the most important high-per¬formance fibres, with a special emphasis on their chemical structure and related infrared spectra (IR-spectra). The categorization of the fibres according to chemical substance classes was performed to make it easy for the reader to find a fibre of interest. The main categories are polyethylene (PE) fibres, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, polyvinylalcohol (PVAL) fibres, polyester-based fibres, polyamide-based fibres, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fibres, polyimide (PI) fibres, halogen-containing fibres, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS fibres), resin-based fibres and finally inorganic fibres. Competing materials are also discussed, and structural related materials can be easily identified. In addition to discussing fibre properties and selected applications, one of the main aims is to present a various number of IR-spectra as a tool for structural understanding and to help identify unknown fibres. Here, beside the IR-spectra of high-performance fibres, the reference IR-spectra of common fibres are presented for comparison.
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Ramalingam, Vijayalakshmi. "Study on the performance of GFRP strengthened, fiber reinforced lightweight foam concrete." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 65, no. 4 (2022): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2204137r.
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Regular clay bricks and concrete blocks are replaced with light-weight fibre-reinforced foam concrete modules. For light weight foam concrete, various natural and synthetic fibes are employed as micro- and macro-fibre reinforcement. Three distinct fibres were used as fibre reinforcement in this study, and their strength qualities were investigated. As microfibre reinforcement, synthetic-polypropylene fibre, natural-Jute fibre, and banana micro fibres were used at volume fractions ranging from 0.22 to 0.55 percent in the foam concrete mix. The compression behaviour of stack bonded masonry prisms was investigated in the first phase of the experiment. The second phase of research focused on the microfibre-reinforced prism, which was reinforced with multiple layers of GFRP sheets. Both jute and banana fibres added as microfiber reinforcement to the matrix, impart ductility to the brittle masonry unit and reduce the sudden failure mode of the Fibre-Reinforced Lightweight Foam Concrete (FRLWC) prism. The insertion of GFRP sheets between the masonry layers provides additional stiffness and ductility to the FRLWC masonry prism, which greatly improves the post-cracking behaviour. When compared to a standard LWC prism, failure patterns show that both synthetic and natural fibre-reinforcement provide improved fracture bridging mechanisms, which is mostly owing to the arresting of cracks by micro polypropylene, jute, and banana fibres. The GFRP layers provided between the masonry units prevented the formation of major crack planes.
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Sharmin, Nusrat, Andrew J. Parsons, Chris D. Rudd, and Ifty Ahmed. "Effect of boron oxide addition on fibre drawing, mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of phosphate-based glass fibres with fixed 40, 45 and 50 mol% P2O5." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 29, no. 5 (June 17, 2014): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328214539824.
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Previous studies investigating manufacture of phosphate-based glass fibres from glasses fixed with P2O5 content less than 50 mol% showed that continuous manufacture without breakage was very difficult. In this study, nine phosphate-based glass formulations from the system P2O5-CaO-Na2O-MgO-B2O3 were prepared with P2O5 contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%, where Na2O was replaced by 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 and MgO and CaO were fixed to 24 and 16 mol%, respectively. The effect of B2O3 addition on the fibre drawing, fibre mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour was investigated. It was found that addition of 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 enabled successful drawing of continuous fibres from glasses with phosphate (P2O5) contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%. The mechanical properties of the fibres were found to significantly increase with increasing B2O3 content. The highest tensile strength (1200 ± 130 MPa) was recorded for 45P2O5-16CaO-5Na2O-24MgO-10B2O3 glass fibres. The fibres were annealed, and a comparison of the mechanical properties and mode of degradation of annealed and non-annealed fibres were investigated. A decrease in tensile strength and an increase in tensile modulus were observed for the annealed fibres. An assessment of the change in mechanical properties of both the annealed and non-annealed fibres was performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37℃ for 28 and 60 days, respectively. Initial loss of mechanical properties due to annealing was found to be recovered with degradation. The B2O3-containing glass fibres were found to degrade at a much slower rate as compared to the non-B2O3-containing fibres. Both annealed and non-annealed fibres exhibited a peeling effect of the fibre's outer layer during degradation.
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Limburg, Marco, Jan Stockschläder, and Peter Quicker. "Thermal treatment of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (Part 1: Recycling)." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 1_suppl (January 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18820251.
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The increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers requires suitable disposing and recycling options, the latter being especially attractive due to the high production cost of the material. Reclaiming the fibres from their polymer matrix however is not without challenges. Pyrolysis leads to a decay of the polymer matrix but may also leave solid carbon residues on the fibre. These residues prevent fibre sizing and thereby reuse in new materials. In state of the art, these residues are removed via thermal treatment in oxygen containing atmospheres. This however may damage the fibre’s tensile strength. Within the scope of this work, carbon dioxide and water vapour were used to remove the carbon residues. This aims to eliminate or at least minimize fibre damage. Improved quality of reclaimed fibres can make fibre reuse more desirable by enabling the production of high-quality recycling products. Still, even under ideal recycling conditions the fibres will shorten with every new life-cycle due to production-based blending. Fibre disposal pathways will therefore always also be necessary. The problems of thermal fibre disintegration are summarized in the second part of this article (Part 2: Energy recovery).
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Yang, Zhi Yuan, Hai Zhen Shi, and Yan Jun Tang. "Changes in Layer Properties and Physical Properties of Papers from Old Corrugated Container Fibres with PDADMAC/HEC Polyelectrolyte Multilayers." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.67.
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In this paper, Old Corrugated Container (OCC) was used as the raw material for making paper. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films was adopted to modify the surface of OCC fibres. Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) have been used to build up polyelectrolyte multilayers on OCC fibres under a certain condition. Zeta potential analyzer was used to monitor the dynamic adsorption of PDADMAC and HEC with different amount on OCC fibers. Strength measurements of the sheets including tensile index and bursting index were also determined, showing a significant improvement in physical strength with the increase of adsorbed layer number. Compared with not being processed sheets, tensile index and bursting index of sheets from treated fibre with polyelectrolyte multilayers were raised by 36.65% and 49.50%, respectively. Furthermore, filtration time analysis of OCC fibre suspension showed that the built up of PDADMAC and HEC on OCC fibres could improve the fiber-fiber joint strength of joints from polymer-treated fibers, which made the filtration time decline from 30 s to 10.6 s. In addition, SEM was introduced to observe the morphology of the PDADMAC/HEC multilayers. The images revealed that the surface of OCC fibres structured a film like plastic, which could be ascribed to the adsorption layer of polyelectrolyte.
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Schiek, Richard L., and Eric S. G. Shaqfeh. "A nonlocal theory for stress in bound, Brownian suspensions of slender, rigid fibres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 296 (August 10, 1995): 271–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095002138.
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A nonlocal theory for stress in bound suspensions of rigid, slender fibres is developed and used to predict the rheology of dilute, rigid polymer suspensions when confined to capillaries or fine porous media. Because the theory is nonlocal, we describe transport in a fibre suspension where the velocity and concentration fields change rapidly on the fibre's characteristic length. Such rapid changes occur in a rigidly bound domain because suspended particles are sterically excluded from configurations near the boundaries. A rigorous no-flux condition resulting from the presence of solid boundaries around the suspension is included in our nonlocal stress theory and naturally gives rise to concentration gradients that scale on the length of the particle. Brownian motion of the rigid fibres is included within the nonlocal stress through a Fokker–Planck description of the fibres’ probability density function where gradients of this function are proportional to Brownian forces and torques exerted on the suspended fibres. This governing Fokker–Planck probability density equation couples the fluid flow and the nonlocal stress resulting in a nonlinear set of integral-differential equations for fluid stress, fluid velocity and fibre probability density. Using the method of averaged equations (Hinch 1977) and slender-body theory (Batchelor 1970), the system of equations is solved for a dilute suspension of rigid fibres experiencing flow and strong Brownian motion while confined to a gap of the same order in size as the fibre's intrinsic length. The full solution of this problem, as the fluid in the gap undergoes either simple shear or pressure-driven flow, is solved self-consistently yielding average fluid velocity, shear and normal stress profiles within the gap as well as the probability density function for the fibres’ position and orientation. From these results we calculate concentration profiles, effective viscosities and slip velocities and compare them to experimental data.
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Lublóy, Éva. "The Influence of Concrete Strength on the Effect of Synthetic Fibres on Fire Resistance." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 62, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppci.10775.
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Numerous studies have verified that increased concrete strength reduces its resistance to fire, leads to a higher degree of strength reduction and higher chances of spalling of concrete surfaces.The risks of spalling of concrete surfaces can be reduced by adding synthetic polypropylene fibres. Numerous experiments have shown that the risk of spalling of the concrete surface is significantly lower when using short, small diameter fibres of polypropylene synthetic, because the pore structure created by the burning of fibres reduces the risk of cracking.However, the question arises whether other types of fibres of greater diameter and length are still able to prevent spalling of concrete surfaces without drastically reducing the strength and if so, in what range of concrete strength it is true.The experiments are aimed to determine the effects of micro and macro synthetic fibres on the post-fire residual compressive strength, flexural strength and porosity of concrete.Nine kinds of mixture were prepared and tested. Three of them are without fibers (reference concretes) with diverse strength, three with synthetic micro-fibres with diverse strength and three with synthetic macro-fibres of diverse strength. The experiment was conducted with three concretes with different strength. Each type had a reference concrete without fibre reinforcement, one with micro- and one with macro-fibres.
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Schiek, Richard L., and Eric S. G. Shaqfeh. "Cross-streamline migration of slender Brownian fibres in plane Poiseuille flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 332 (February 1997): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096003291.
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We consider fibre migration across streamlines in a suspension under plane Poiseuille flow. The flow investigated lies between two infinite, parallel plates separated by a distance comparable to the length of a suspended fibre. We consider the weak flow limit such that Brownian motion strongly affects the fibre position and orientation. Under these conditions, the fibre distribution, fibre mobility and fluid velocity field all vary on scales comparable to the fibre's length thus complicating a traditional volumeaveraging approach to solving this problem. Therefore, we use a non-local derivation of the stress. The resulting fully coupled problem for the fluid velocity, fibre stress contribution and fibre distribution function is solved self-consistently in the limit of strong Brownian motion. When calculated in this manner, we show that at steady state the fibres’ centre-of-mass distribution function shows a net migration of fibres away from the centre of the channel and towards the channel walls. The fibre migration occurs for all gap widths (0 ≤ λ ≤ 35) and fibre concentrations (0 ≤ c ≤ 1.0) investigated. Additionally, the fibre concentration reaches a maximum value around one fibre half-length from the channel walls. However, we find that the net fibre migration is a relatively small change over the fibre's uniform bulk distribution, and typically the centre-of-mass migration changes the uniform concentration profile by only a few percent.
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Heweidak, Mohamed, Bidur Kafle, and Riyadh Al-Ameri. "Influence of Hybrid Basalt Fibres’ Length on Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacted Ambient-Cured Geopolymer Concrete." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6100292.
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Recently, short basalt fibres (BFs) have been gaining considerable attention in the building materials industry because of their excellent mechanical properties and lower production cost than their counterparts. Reinforcing geopolymer composites with small volumes of fibres has been proven an efficient technique to enhance concrete's mechanical properties and durability. However, to date, no study has investigated the effect of basalt fibers’ various lengths and volume content on self-compacted geopolymer concrete's fresh and mechanical properties (SCGC). SCGC is prepared by mixing fly ash, slag, and micro fly ash as the binder with a solid alkali-activator compound named anhydrous sodium metasilicate (Na₂SiO₃). In the present study, a hybrid length of long and short basalt fibres with different weight contents were investigated to reap the benefits of multi-scale characteristics of a single fibre type. A total of 10 mixtures were developed incorporating a single length and a hybrid mix of long (30) mm and short (12) mm basalt fibres, with a weight of 1%, 1.5% and 2% of the total binder content, respectively. The fresh and mechanical properties of SCGC incorporating a hybrid mix of long and short basalt fibres were compared to plain SCGC and SCGC containing a single fibres length. The results indicate that the hybridization of long and short fibres in SCGC mixture yields better mechanical properties than single-length BF-reinforced SCGC. A hybrid fibre coefficient equation will be validated against the mechanical properties results obtained from the current experimental investigation on SCGC to assess its applicability for different concrete mixes.
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Jothi Jayakumar, Vikram, and Sivakumar Anandan. "Composite Strain Hardening Properties of High Performance Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/363649.
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Hybrid fibres addition in concrete proved to be a promising method to improve the composite mechanical properties of the cementitious system. Fibre combinations involving different fibre lengths and moduli were added in high strength slag based concrete to evaluate the strain hardening properties. Influence of hybrid fibres consisting of steel and polypropylene fibres added in slag based cementitious system (50% CRL) was explored. Effects of hybrid fibre addition at optimum volume fraction of 2% of steel fibres and 0.5% of PP fibres (long and short steel fibre combinations) were observed in improving the postcrack strength properties of concrete. Test results also indicated that the hybrid steel fibre additions in slag based concrete consisting of short steel and polypropylene (PP) fibres exhibited a the highest compressive strength of 48.56 MPa. Comparative analysis on the performance of monofibre concrete consisting of steel and PP fibres had shown lower residual strength compared to hybrid fibre combinations. Hybrid fibres consisting of long steel-PP fibres potentially improved the absolute and residual toughness properties of concrete composite up to a maximum of 94.38% compared to monofibre concrete. In addition, the relative performance levels of different hybrid fibres in improving the matrix strain hardening, postcrack toughness, and residual strength capacity of slag based concretes were evaluated systematically.
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Waghe, Uday Prakashchandra, and Sanjay Padmakar Raut. "Investigations into Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.284.
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Fibre is a small piece of reinforcing material described by a numerical parameter, called aspect ratio which is the ratio of its length to its equivalent diameter (l/d). In the Biblical period Romans introduced the concept of “Fibres” in the building material by using the “HORSE HAIR” as the fibrous material and since then the use of fibres was incorporated. Recently, however, the development of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in various fields has provided a technical basis for improving the deficiencies in mortar and concretes. At hydration stage, water tends to escape through various routes and cracks develop on the surface. These leads to water penetration resulting in dampness and need repainting of walls and other repair. The aim of the present experimental investigation is to study the effect of addition of synthetic fibres on the ultimate strength and behavior of the concrete and mortar. The fibre content (by volume) is the main parameter considered in the study. A combination of a low ratio of conventional fibre reinforcement together with synthetic fibers may provide a practical solution, increasing the strength of the beams without causing congestion of the reinforcement. Fibres in the concrete act as crack arresters and considerably enhance the ductility. In the investigation a total of 240 full-scale specimens with and without fibre contents were casted, and tested to failure under symmetrically applied loads. The fibres volume Vf is vary from 0% to 1.5%. As the test was in progress, the development and propagation of cracks, the load at first crack and the mode of failure was noted. The results were compared to control sample and the viability of adding synthetic fibre to concrete and mortar was verified.
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Mugume, Rodgers B., Adolph Karubanga, and Michael Kyakula. "Impact of Addition of Banana Fibres at Varying Fibre Length and Content on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9422352.
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This experimental study aimed at investigating the impact of addition of banana fibres on the mechanical (compression, splitting tension, and flexure) and microstructural (microscopic morphology and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) properties of concrete. Concrete mixes comprising of banana fibres of varying fibre lengths (40, 50, and 60 mm) and fibre contents (0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5%) were assessed. Addition of banana fibres to concrete was observed to significantly impact on compressive strength only at lower fibre contents of up to 0.25% for all fibre lengths. Fibre length had no significant impact on compressive strength at lower fibre contents of up to 0.25%, but shorter fibres were observed to perform better than longer ones at higher dosages more than 0.25%. Increase in fibre content positively impacted on tensile strength of concrete at relatively lower fibre dosages of up to 1%. Similarly, fibre length impacted on tensile strength of concrete at lower fibre contents of up to 1% and, longer fibres were observed to be more effective than shorter ones. Addition of banana fibres generally did not greatly contribute to flexural strength of concrete but had a marginal impact only when shorter fibres were used at lower fibre dosages. Also, microstructure of concrete was improved through better bonding between the fibres and the matrix and reduction in porosity of the matrix, which resulted in improved mechanical properties of the composite. Banana fibres further contributed to changes in phases of the composite structure of Banana fibre-reinforced concrete (BFRC) through a reduction in its interplanar spacing and lattice structure. For optimal purposes, addition of banana fibres should be limited to a maximum of 1% fibre content preferably using shorter fibre lengths. Further research to improve flexural strength of BFRC to meet minimum technical requirements is required before it can be considered for structural applications.
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Michael, Mena, Larisa Kovbasyuk, Paul Ritter, Michael B. Reid, Oliver Friedrich, and Michael Haug. "Redox Balance Differentially Affects Biomechanics in Permeabilized Single Muscle Fibres—Active and Passive Force Assessments with the Myorobot." Cells 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233715.
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An oxidizing redox state imposes unique effects on the contractile properties of muscle. Permeabilized fibres show reduced active force generation in the presence of H2O2. However, our knowledge about the muscle fibre’s elasticity or flexibility is limited due to shortcomings in assessing the passive stress–strain properties, mostly due to technically limited experimental setups. The MyoRobot is an automated biomechatronics platform that is well-capable of not only investigating calcium responsiveness of active contraction but also features precise stretch actuation to examine the passive stress–strain behaviour. Both were carried out in a consecutive recording sequence on the same fibre for 10 single fibres in total. We denote a significantly diminished maximum calcium-saturated force for fibres exposed to ≥500 µM H2O2, with no marked alteration of the pCa50 value. In contrast to active contraction (e.g., maximum isometric force activation), passive restoration stress (force per area) significantly increases for fibres exposed to an oxidizing environment, as they showed a non-linear stress–strain relationship. Our data support the idea that a highly oxidizing environment promotes non-linear fibre stiffening and confirms that our MyoRobot platform is a suitable tool for investigating redox-related changes in muscle biomechanics.
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Xu, Pei Pei, Xin Fu Wang, Shun De Fu, and Jian Feng Xu. "Preparation of Zirconia-Yttrium Fibres from Steady Precursor by Sol-Gel Technique." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2087.
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Polycrystalline tetragonal Y-ZrO2 fibres were fabricated via sol-gel technique by the centrifugal filament method using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate as the raw material. The spinnable zirconia sol was obtained by concentrating the solution, which the molar ratios of H2O2/ZOC and HA/ZOC were 3.0 and 0.5-1.0, respectively. FT-IR, TG/DTA, XRD and SEM were used to characterize the chemical composition and morphology of zirconia fibres. The bridging bidentate coordination between the carboxyl group and zirconium polymer can promote the spinnability of sols. The polycrystalline zirconia fibres structures are metastable tetragonal phase after heat treatment at 1200°C in 1h. The distribution of fibres is not uniform with a diameter from 5 μm to 10 μm. The single fibre has a uniform diameter and smooth surface, without any defect on the surfaces. The grain size of ZrO2 fibers increases with the heat treatment temperature gradually.
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Abbas, Al-Ghazali Noor, Farah Nora Aznieta Abdul Aziz, Khalina Abdan, Noor Azline Mohd Nasir, and Mohd Nurazzi Norizan. "Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites." Fibers 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10010003.
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Increased environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable materials have promoted the use of more renewable and eco-friendly resources like natural fibre as reinforcement in the building industry. Among various types of natural fibres, kenaf has been widely planted in the past few years, however, it hasn’t been extensively used as a construction material. Kenaf bast fibre is a high tensile strength fibre, lightweight and cost-effective, offering a potential alternative for reinforcement in construction applications. To encourage its use, it’s essential to understand how kenaf fibre’s properties affect the performance of cement-based composites. Hence, the effects of KF on the properties of cementitious composites in the fresh and hardened states have been discussed. The current state-of-art of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite (KFRCC) and its different applications are presented for the reader to explore. This review confirmed the improvement of tensile and flexural strengths of cementitious composites with the inclusion of the appropriate content and length of kenaf fibres. However, more studies are necessary to understand the overall impact of kenaf fibres on the compressive strength and durability properties of cementitious composites.
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Miller, Hugh D., Ali Akbarnezhad, Sara Mesgari, and Stephen J. Foster. "Effects of silane treatment on the bond between steel fibres and mortar." Magazine of Concrete Research 74, no. 10 (May 2022): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00366.
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The ability of fibres to resist crack growth in fibre-reinforced concrete can be significantly influenced by the fibre–matrix bond. This investigation reveals surface treatment of fibres as a viable technique for developing a uniform bond along the fibre–cement interface to resist growth of microcracks and thereby complement the physical restraint against pull-out provided by fibres’ shape and friction. Previous reports have shown effective chemical treatment of glass, carbon and polypropylene fibres. However, research into chemical surface treatment processes for steel fibres, the most common in concrete, is scarce and focused on corrosion and dispersion, rather than the fibre–matrix bond. Here, a silane treatment technique is proposed to strengthen the steel fibre–cementitious matrix bond. Surface energy measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate the effectiveness of this treatment. Fibre pull-out tests conducted on silane-treated fibres show an apparent increase in pull-out energy, accompanied by a delay in reaching the peak load, compared with untreated fibres, suggesting increased resistance to crack initiation and growth. Furthermore, the results indicate improved flexural strength and direct tensile strength of mortar reinforced with silane-treated fibres compared with untreated fibres. The improvements are further corroborated by results from restrained drying shrinkage and volume of permeable voids.
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Leman, Zulkiflle, S. M. Sapuan, and S. Suppiah. "Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Interface Characterisation by Pull-Out Test." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.1034.
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Polymer composites using natural fibres as the reinforcing agents have found their use in many applications. However, they do suffer from a few limitations, due to the hydrophilicity of the natural fibres which results in low compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrices. This paper aims to determine the best sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre surface treatment to improve the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. Fibre surface modifications were carried out by water retting process where the fibres were immersed in sea water, pond water and sewage water for the period of 30 days. The test samples were fabricated by placing a single fibre in an unsaturated polyester resin. Single-fibre pull-out tests showed that freshwater-treated fibres possessed the highest interfacial shear strength, followed by untreated fibres, sewage water-treated fibres, and sea water-treated fibres. Further surface analyses of the samples were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) system.
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Drdlová, Martina, Oldřich Sviták, Petr Bibora, Miloslav Popovič, and René Čechmánek. "Blast Resistance of Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete with Waste Steel Fibres from Tires." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901060.
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The utilization of waste steel fibres (coming from the recycling process of the old tires) in production of blast resistant cement based panels was assessed. Waste fibres were incorporated in slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), which is a special type of ultra-highperformance fibre reinforced concrete with high fibre content. The technological feasibility (i.e. suitability of the waste fibres for SIFCON technology) was assessed using homogeneity test. Test specimens were prepared with three volume fractions (5; 7.5 and 10 % by vol.) of waste unclassified fibres. SIFCON with industrial steel fibres (10% by vol.) and ultra-highperformance fibre concrete with industrial fibres were also cast and tested for comparison purposes. Quasi-static mechanical properties were determined. Real blast tests were performed on the slab specimens (500x500x40 mm) according to the modified methodology M-T0-VTU0 10/09. Damage of the slab, the change of the ultrasound wave velocity propagation in the slab specimen before and after the blast load in certain measurement points, the weight of fragments and their damage potential were evaluated and compared. Realized tests confirmed the possibility of using the waste fibres for SIFCON technology. The obtained results indicate, that the usage of waste fibres does not significantly reduce the values of SIFCON flexural and compressive strength at quasi-static load - the values were comparable to the specimens with industrially produced fibres. With increasing fibre content, the mechanical parameters are increasing as well. Using of the waste fibres reduces fragmentation of SIFCON at blast load due to the fibre size parameters. Using of low diameter fibres means more fibres in the matrix and thus better homogeneity of the whole composite with less unreinforced areas. Regarding the blast tests, the specimen with waste steel fibres showed the best resistance and outperformed also the specimen with commercial fibres. Using of waste fibres in SIFCON technology can reduce the price of this composite by 70 % by keeping the original SIFCON extraordinary properties, which makes it very competitive material in the concrete area.
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Wilkins, Andy, Clive Marsh, and Bernie Tsang. "FREE WOOL-FIBRE SHAPES." AUTEX Research Journal 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2003-030401.
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Abstract Eighteen cleaned and degreased Perendale wool fibres, which were as free as possible from external and internal stresses, were photographed, the images scanned to computer, and their space curves reconstructed. Various relations between the fibres' curvature and torsion were discovered which point to the possibility of a statistical description of a free fibre's shape in terms of only a few easily measured quantities, including the mean and RMS curvature. An algorithm is given which allows the generation of realistic wool fibre shapes for use in computer simulations.
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Mercy, J. Lilly, D. Alex Anand, Antony V. Samrot, D. Rajalakshmi, N. Shobana, S. Dhiva, and Kasipandian Kasirajan. "Synergistic Effect of Ramie and Pineapple Fibres Reinforcement on The Strength of Epoxy Matrix Composite." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 19, 2023): 2542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1994.
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Natural fibre reinforced composite of pineapple and ramie fibre unidirectional mats were fabricated through handlayup process and curing through compression molding process. Six samples of the composite material with different combinations of alternating fibres and orientations of the fibre mats were fabricated and tested for their mechanical properties. It was observed that the stacking sequence, type of fibre and orientation of the fibres make a pronounced difference in the mechanical properties. The outer layer of Ramie fibre mat and the 45° orientation of either of the fibres resulted in better mechanical properties. By making a perfect combination of the stacking sequence of the fibres, type of fibres and orientation, it is possible to enhance the properties of the composite.
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Nandagopal, K. R., A. Selvakumar, and D. Raja. "Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Oxygen Plasma treatment on Bonding Characteristics of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 4(148) (August 31, 2021): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6348.
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In this research work, the bonding characteristics of plasma treated basalt fibres were analysed by employing the fibre pull-out test. 80 samples were prepared with two different spans of basalt fibres (such as 25 mm and 50 mm) and four levels of embedded length (10, 15, 20 and 25) inside standard M20 grade concrete. Debonding and bonding characteristics of the plasma treated fibres were compared with raw basalt fibres through the fibre pull-out test. The plasma treated and raw basalt fibres were characterised through Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. It was observed that confirmation of the presence of hydroxyl groups on the basalt fibre surface was realised through the FTIR test and that there was higher adsorption of concrete particles by the plasma treated basalt fibres through FESEM. The de bonding and fibre pull-out energy of the plasma treated basalt fibres were improved by about 9% and 10% compared with 25 mm and 50 mm raw basalt fibres. From the observation above, it can be stated that the surface modification of basalt fibre may lead to a change in the debonding and pull-out energy level.
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Drdlová, Martina, Oldřich Sviták, and Vladan Prachař. "Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete with Waste Steel Fibres from Tires - The Behaviour under Static and Dynamic Load." Materials Science Forum 908 (October 2017): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.908.76.
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Waste fibres coming from the recycling process of the old tires were incorporated in slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), which is a special type of high performance fibre reinforced concrete with high fibre content. The technological feasibility (i.e. suitability of the waste fibres for SIFCON technology) was assessed using infiltration test and homogeneity test. Test specimens were prepared with three volume fractions (5; 7.5 and 10% by vol.) of waste unclassified fibres. SIFCON with industrial steel fibres (10% by vol.) and high performance fibre concrete with industrial fibres were also cast and tested for comparison purposes. Quasi-static mechanical properties were determined. The impact test was carried out by using an in-house manufactured impact testing machine based on drop test principle. Realized tests confirmed the possibility of using the waste fibres for SIFCON technology. The obtained results indicate, that the usage of waste fibres does not significantly reduce the values of SIFCON flexural and compressive strength at quasi-static load and energy absorption at dynamic load, the values were comparable to the specimens with industrially produced fibres. With increasing fibre content, the mechanical parameters and energy-absorption characteristics at dynamic load are increasing as well.
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Matharu, Rupy Kaur, Harshit Porwal, Lena Ciric, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "The effect of graphene–poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres on microbial growth." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0058.
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A novel class of ultra-thin fibres, which affect microbial growth, were explored. The microbial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres containing 2, 4 and 8 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were studied. GNPs were dispersed in a polymeric solution and processed using pressurized gyration. Electron microscopy was used to characterize GNP and fibre morphology. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of beaded porous fibres. GNP concentration was found to dictate fibre morphology. As the GNP concentration increased, the average fibre diameter increased from 0.75 to 2.71 µm, while fibre porosity decreased. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to investigate the properties of 2, 4 and 8 wt% GNP-loaded fibres. GNP-loaded fibres (0 wt%) were used as the negative control. The fibres were incubated for 24 h with the bacteria; bacterial colony-forming units were enumerated by adopting the colony-counting method. The presence of 2 and 4 wt% GNP-loaded fibres promoted microbial growth, while 8 wt% GNP-loaded fibres showed antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentration of GNPs required within a fibre is 8 wt%.
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Sumithra, Murugesan, and Gayathri Murugan. "Extraction and characterization of natural fibres form Elettaria Cardamomum." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102030s.
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Natural fibres are one of the good alternative sources for replacing synthetic fibres and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their eco-friendly nature. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fibres extract from Elettaria Cardamomum plant. The extracted Elettaria Cardamomum fibre was treated with NaOH for softening. Natural cellulose fibres extracted from Elettaria Cardamomum stems (ECS) have been characterized for their chemical composition and physical properties.The chemical composition of Elettaria Cardamomumstems (ECS) fi bres is, cellulose 60.44%, lignin 25.25%, wax 0.53%, ash 5.45%. Regarding physical properties of the fibres, single fibre strength was evaluated and the result was compared with cotton fibre and linen fibre.
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Laurikainen, P., and E. Sarlin. "Viability of recycled fibres extracted from EoL composites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1293, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1293/1/012043.
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Abstract Recycling thermoset-based composites is a technological and economic challenge. The predominating recycling methods (mechanical recycling and pyrolysis) downgrade the fibre properties (length, strength) and are energy-intensive. To avoid downcycling and to ensure economic feasibility, technological solutions need to be developed to enable recycling of long reinforcing fibres that can also be used in demanding applications. Thermochemical recycling, where reinforcing fibres are extracted from the depolymerized matrix, can be considered as an advanced option for recovery of higher quality fibres from EoL composites. Additional steps are required to use these fibres in new composite structures. Thermochemical recycling removes the sizing from the fibre surface making it difficult to handle and resulting in poor fibre-matrix compatibility especially in the case of glass fibres. In this study, we discuss the re-sizing of recycled fibres. We have focused on fibres extracted from glass fibre reinforced composites (GFRPs) from EoL wind turbine blades and carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRPs) collected from aeronautics industry. We demonstrate the steps for a batch re-sizing process and study the effects of the re-sizing on the properties of composites made of recycled fibres. The interfacial properties are analysed with micro-mechanical testing using the microbond method – both for thermoset and thermoplastic composites – and with tensile tests for thermoplastic composites. Re-sizing significantly eases the handling of the fibres, but the interfacial compatibility is improved only in the case of GFRPs as thermochemically recycled carbon fibres (rCF) exhibit very good interfacial performance even without sizing. This study highlights that with proper recovery and resizing processes, recycled fibres can be viable feedstocks for various applications and – with future improvements on the fibre recovery methods – even approach the applicability of virgin fibres.
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Bolton, James. "The Potential of Plant Fibres as Crops for Industrial Use." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 2 (June 1995): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400204.
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At some time in the future, fibres produced on agricultural land will contribute significantly to the world fibre supply. Such fibres might come from residues or from dedicated fibre crops harvested annually. Dedicated fibre crops will become a reality sooner if agriculture can produce fibres more competitively than forestry. New markets for plant fibre may also help the farmer. Long-fibre crops (flax, hemp, kenaf) have particular promise providing that production costs are competitive with those for Third World fibres, or that a technological edge in processing can be established.
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Awoyera, Paul Oluwaseun, John Uduak Effiong, Oladimeji Benedict Olalusi, Krishna Prakash Arunachalam, Afonso R. G. de Azevedo, Flavia R. B. Martinelli, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Experimental Findings and Validation on Torsional Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061171.
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Fibres have long been utilized in the construction sector to improve the mechanical qualities of structural elements such as beams, columns, and slabs. This study aims to review the torsional behaviour of various forms of fibre reinforced concrete to identify possible enhancements and the practicability of concrete structural beams. Concrete reinforced steel fibre, synthetic fibre, and hybrid fibre are examples of fibre reinforced concrete. The review found that the mixing, orientation, and volume of fibres, the size of coarse particles, the aspect ratio of fibres, and the stiffness of fibres all affect the torsional strength of fibre reinforced concrete. Nevertheless, the application of fibres to recycled self-consolidating concrete of various forms needs to be explored and studied to ascertain its feasibility to facilitate greener concrete. Thus, with the results compiled in this review paper, it was possible to delimit advances and gaps on the effect of editing reinforcement fibres in relation to the torsion of structural elements.