Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fibres

Academic literature on the topic 'Fibres'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibres"

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Wani, Umar Islam. "Determination of Single Parameter for Serviceability Requirements of Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Study of Fracture Characteristics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38768.

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Abstract: This The influence of fibre reinforcement on crack propagation in concrete was studied . Thirty-five double torsion specimens, made with three types of fibres (fibre glass , straight steel fibres and deformed steel fibres ) were tested . The variables were the fibre volume and size of the fibres. The test results indicated that the resistance to rapid crack growth increased somewhat with increasing fibre content up to about 1.25% - 1.5% by volume. The degree of compaction had an enormous effect on the fracture properties .The fracture toughness increased with fibre content up to about 1.25% by volume, and then decreased , due to incomplete compaction. It was found that in this test geometry, fibres did not significantly restrain crack growth. It was also observed that once the crack had propagated down the full length of the specimen, the system changed from a continuous system to a discontinuous system, consisting of two separate plates held together by the fibre reinforcement. Different types of fibres did not significantly affect the fracture toughness. Keywords: Fibre glass, straight steel fibers, deformed steel fibers, fracture toughness.
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Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.

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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.
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Swaroop, Dasagrandhi Veda. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Banana-Jute Hybrid Fiber-reinforced Epoxy composite by varying Stacking sequence." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40581.

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Abstract: Nowadays, the study on natural fibers has gradually increased because of the environmental concerns due to usage of synthetic fibers. The natural fibres properties such as biodegradability, availability, strength made them a potential replacement of synthetic fibers. Hybrid Fibre reinforced composites are the composites that comprises two or more different fibres. The banana and jute fibres are selected because of their strength, moisture absorption capacity , availability. The epoxy resin is selected as a matrix to bind the fibres and to transfer a uniform load. Banana-Jute Hybrid fibre reinforced epoxy composite with different stacking sequences (BJB, BBJ, JBJ,JJB where B=Banana Fibre, J=Jute Fibre) will be fabricated by Hand-layup process for analyzing Shore hardness of composite samples and the same composite samples will be modelled in ANSYS to analyse the Flexural properties, tensile properties and Impact strength of composite samples. Keywords: ANSYS, Hand-layup, Shore Hardness, Flexural properties, Tensile properties.
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Bhardwaj, Anjali, Sonal Chaudhary, and Shalini Juneja. "Potential Innovations of Three Natural Fibres in Medical Applications." European Journal of Medicinal Plants 35, no. 5 (August 1, 2024): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i51200.

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This comprehensive review explores the innovative potential of natural fibres, specifically Banyan Fibre, Kenaf Fibre, and Sisal Fibre, in revolutionizing the field of medical textiles. In response to the growing emphasis on sustainability and biocompatibility in healthcare, these fibres derived from the Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), Hibiscus cannabinus plant, and sisal plant have garnered attention for their unique properties. The review covers the inherent characteristics of each fibre, including Banyan Fibre's sustainable nature, Kenaf Fibre's high tensile strength and antimicrobial features, and Sisal Fibre's robustness, moisture absorption, and antimicrobial properties. The applications of these natural fibres in medical textiles are discussed, ranging from wound care products, surgical apparel, to implantable devices, showcasing their versatility in diverse medical settings. Despite the promising attributes, challenges such as fibre refinement, standardization, and regulatory approval are acknowledged. The paper concludes by highlighting the transformative potential of these natural fibres in creating environmentally responsible and biocompatible medical textiles, aligning with global sustainability goals. The integration of these fibres not only signifies material innovations but also represents a paradigm shift towards environmentally conscious and patient-centric healthcare practices, ushering in a new era of innovation at the intersection of materials engineering and healthcare. Future research directions are suggested, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to address challenges and realize the full potential of these sustainable and biocompatible materials in advancing healthcare solutions.
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Subramanya, Raghavendra, and S. S. Prabhakara. "Surface Modification of Banana Fiber and its Influence on Performance of Biodegradable Banana-Cassava Starch Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.15.

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Natural fibers, in particularly lignocellulosic fibers are attracting material scientists now days, due to their comparative advantages over synthetic fibers. Biodegradable composites reinforced with short banana fibre after alkali treatment along with cassava starch matrix were prepared using the hot compression method. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. Mechanical properties of the composites made from alkali treated fibres were superior to the untreated fibres. SEM observations on the fracture surface of composites showed that the surface modification of the fibre occurred and improved fibre–matrix adhesion. Keywords: Surface modification; banana fiber; Biodegradable composites; Mechanical properties; Matrix.
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Mohd Bakhori, Siti Nadia, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, Noremylia Mohd Bakhori, Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Faizir Ramlie, Mohd Yusof Md Daud, and Sa’ardin Abdul Aziz. "Physical, Mechanical and Perforation Resistance of Natural-Synthetic Fiber Interply Laminate Hybrid Composites." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071322.

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Natural and synthetic fibres have emerged in high demand due to their excellent properties. Natural fibres have good mechanical properties and are less expensive, making them a viable substitute for synthetic fibers. Owing to certain drawbacks such as their inconsistent quality and hydrophilic nature, researchers focused on incorporating these two fibres as an alternative to improve the limitations of the single fibre. This review focused on the interply hybridisation of natural and synthetic fibres into composites. Natural fibres and their classifications are discussed. The physical and mechanical properties of these hybrid composites have also been included. A full discussion of the mechanical properties of natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites such as tensile, flexural, impact, and perforation resistance, as well as their failure modes, is highlighted. Furthermore, the applications and future directions of hybrid composites have been described in details.
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Kanwal, Hummaira, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Tayyaba Latif Mughal, Muhammad Asim, and Reena Majid Memon. "Human Hair as Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Concrete." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.07.

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FRC (Fibre Reinforced Concrete) is fibrous material which increases its structural integrity, resists to explosive spalling in case of environmental affects, improves mix cohesion, improves ductility, reduces of steel reinforcement requirements and reduces the voids due to good stiffness. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. Mostly, natural fibers are the waste material which may have negative impact on environment. Synthetic fibres include steel fibres and glass fibres but natural fibres are coconut fibres and human hair fibres which tends to vary the properties to concrete. In addition, the character of FRC changes with varying concrete, fibre material, geometries, distribution, orientation and densities. Hair fibre concrete gives a practical, cost-effective and convenient method to avoid cracks and deficiencies regarding strength and proper mixing ratio which occurs at a longer period. Fibres have been used to reduce plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage in concrete. In some structural elements, fibrous concrete can be used to reduce the cost of structure. Different fibres are used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. Human hair are strong in tension. Hair fibres can be utilized as a strengthening material. Hair fibre is a non-decay able matter and available at a cheap rate. Experiments have been performed on fibrous concrete cylinders containing various percentages of human hair which is 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by the weight of cement. A total of seventy-two cylinders have been prepared with FRC having different %ages of hair content. Workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength have been checked at three curing ages i.e. 7, 14 and 28 days. This research will open a new wicket in the horizon of reuse of waste material efficiently in construction industry. This innovation in construction industry will save our natural resources and use fibre in productive and an effective approach.
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Hasham, Md, V. Reddy Srinivasa, M. V. Seshagiri Rao, and S. Shrihari. "Flexural behaviour of basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901055.

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In this paper, the flexural behaviour of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars are studied and compared with slabs made with steel rebars. The optimum percentage of basalt is 0.3% for 50mm length basalt fibres. Due to high particle packing density in concrete made with basalt fibre micro cracks are prevented due to enhanced fatigue and stress dissipation capacity. Addition of basalt fibres to enhances the energy absorbtion capacity or toughness thereby enhancing the resistance to local damage and spalling. Addition of basalt fibres controlled the crack growth and crack width. Load at first crack of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than M30 grade conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars because the with addition of basalt and BFRP bars will make either the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) strong or due to bond strength of concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars. The ultimate strength in M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Deflection at the centre of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is almost double than the conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Toughness indices evaluated for M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars indicates that basalt fibre and BFRP bars will enhance the energy absorbtion capacity of slabs.
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Hyie, Koay Mei, Noor Haznida Bakar, Ridzuan Jazlan, A. Jumahat, and Anizah Kalam. "The Compressive Properties of Kevlar/Kenaf Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 763 (May 2015): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.763.19.

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Natural fibres are aimed to replace or at least to reduce the dependence of the industrial sector against low degradability of raw material. Hence, this study is performed to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and fibre orientation on the compressive properties of Kevlar/kenaf hybrid composites. Previous study suggested that treated kenaf fibres improved the fibre’s properties. Therefore, kenaf fibres was treated with NaOH of 6% concentration for 12 hours before rinsed and dried to be used in this study. The stacking sequence was varied for different weight percentage of woven Kevlar from 0 wt% to 23 wt%, while the kenaf fibres were arranged at 0° and 90° orientation, respectively. The compressive properties of the Kevlar/kenaf fibre hybrid composites were investigated using Instron Universal Testing Machine (ASTM standard D3410M). Stereo-zoom was used to identify the fibre orientation and the bonding between the fibres and matrix. For stacking sequence, the study showed that the arrangement of kenaf fibres on the middle part, “sandwiched” between Kevlar on the outer part, gave the best compressive performance. The sample in 0° orientation exhibited better compressive strength and modulus than 90° orientation. The outcome of this research has shown significant increase of compressive strength with the addition of kenaf fibre replacing the Kevlar.
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Vara Prasad, Vemu. "Experimentation and Analysis on Reinforced Basalt and Carbon Fibres Composite Laminate." Advanced Materials Research 1148 (June 2018): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1148.12.

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— The aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanical properties and water absorption capacity of carbon and basalt fibers mixed with epoxy. At present there is demand for natural friendly products. Basalt reinforced composites developed recently and these mineral amorphous fibres are a valid alternative to carbon fibers for their lower cost and to glass fibres for their strength. The present paper describes briefly on basalt and carbon fibers (unidirectional) which are used as reinforcement material for composites. The matrix epoxy (LY556-HY 951) is taken in to account to access to influence on the evaluated parameters. In order to use reinforced composites for structural applications, it is necessary to perform a mechanical characterization. With this aim experiments like tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness and water absorptions are performed. Later the mechanical properties obtained from experiments are compared with ANSYS software results. Keywords—Carbon fibre; Basalt fibre; Uni-directional fibres; Reinforcement, Mechanical Tests, Water Absorption Tests
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibres"

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Acera, Fernandez José. "Modification of flax fibres for the development of epoxy-based biocomposites : Role of cell wall components and surface treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS218.

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Les fibres végétales peuvent être considérées comme une alternative intéressante aux fibres de verre pour la fabrication de matériaux composites. En effet, elles présentent des caractéristiques physiques intéressantes, telles que leur faible densité et leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques spécifiques, qui peuvent rivaliser avec les composites renforcés de fibres de verre. En outre, les fibres végétales sont obtenues à partir de ressources renouvelables, et présentent généralement moins d'impacts environnementaux lors de leurs phases de production, d’utilisation et en fin de vie. Contrairement aux fibres de verre, les fibres végétales, telles que des fibres de lin, présentent des structures hiérarchiques complexes composées essentiellement de cellulose, hémicellulose, lignine, ciments peptiques et extractibles lipophiliques (cires, acides gras, etc.). Cette composition varie selon les espèces, le lieu et les conditions de croissance, la maturité de la plante, etc. De la même façon, la composition biochimique et la structure des produits et des sous-produits issus du lin sont soumis à de grandes variations selon les étapes successives de transformation réalisées à partir des tiges de lin jusqu’aux fils et tissus. Cela influence fortement les propriétés finales des fibres de lin et de leurs biocomposites. La première partie de cette étude se concentre sur la caractérisation de fibres de lin au cours de leurs étapes successives de transformation. Une homogénéisation de la composition chimique est observée dans les étapes finales de transformation, ainsi qu’une augmentation des propriétés en traction longitudinale des mèches de fibres de lin. La deuxième partie traite de l'utilisation de différents traitements de lavage appliqués sur des tissus d’étoupes de lin et leur influence sur l'extraction des composants de la paroi cellulaire des fibres, ainsi que sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques de biocomposites époxy/lin. Il est montré que les composants de la paroi cellulaire jouent un rôle clé dans la dispersion des mèches et des fibres élémentaires de lin et sur le comportement mécanique transversal de leurs biocomposites. Enfin, l'application de différents traitements de fonctionnalisation sur des tissus de fibre de lin est étudiée afin d'améliorer l'adhérence interfaciale entre les fibres et la matrice. L'utilisation de molécules de type organosilanes (aminosilane, époxysilanes) et de molécules biosourcés (acides aminés et polysaccharides) est étudiée. Une augmentation de la rigidité en traction longitudinale et de la rigidité et de la contrainte maximale en traction transverse est observée en raison de l'amélioration de l'adhésion interfaciale par la fonctionnalisation de surface des fibres avec des molécules d'origine biosourcé et non-biosourcé
Natural fibres can be considered as a relevant alternative to glass fibres in the manufacture of composite materials. Indeed, they present interesting physical characteristics, such as low density and good specific mechanical properties, which can compete with glass fibre reinforced composites. Moreover, natural fibres are obtained from renewable resources, and generally present lower environmental impacts during their production and use phases and their end of life. Unlike glass fibres, natural fibres, such as flax fibres, are complex hierarchical materials composed essentially of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, peptics cements and lipophilic extractives (waxes, fatty acids, etc.). This composition varies among species, collection site, plant maturity, batches, etc. Besides, the biochemical composition and structure of flax products and sub-products undergo wide variations according to the transformation steps from stems to yarns and fabrics. This influences greatly the final properties of flax fibres and their biocomposites. The first part of this study is focused on the characterization of flax fibres during their successive transformation steps. A homogenization of the chemical composition is observed at the final transformation steps, as well as an increment of the longitudinal tensile properties of flax yarns. The second part deals with the use of different washing treatments applied on flax tow fabrics and their influence on the extraction of flax cell wall components and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of epoxy/flax fibres reinforced biocomposites. It is shown that cell wall components play a key role in the flax yarns and elementary fibres dispersion and transverse mechanical behaviour of biocomposites. Finally, the application of different functionalization treatments onto flax fibres fabrics is investigated in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibres and matrix. The use of non-bio-based organosilane molecules (aminosilane, epoxysilane) and bio-based molecules (amino-acids and polysaccharides) is studied. Improvedstiffness in longitudinal tension test and stiffness and tensile strength in transverse tension test are observed due to the improvement of interfacial adhesion by surface functionalization of the fibres with both bio-based and non-bio-based molecules
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Issa, Nader. "Modes and propagation in microstructured optical fibres." University of Sydney. Physics and Optical Fibre Technology Centre, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/613.

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Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs), also commonly called photonic crystal fibres or holey fibres, describe a type of optical fibre in which continuous channels of (typically) air run their entire length. These `holes' serve to both confine electromagnetic waves within the core of the fibre and to tailor its transmission properties. In order to understand and quantify both of these functions, a new computational algorithm was developed and implemented. It solves for the eigenvalues of Maxwell's wave equations in the two-dimensional waveguide cross-section, with radiating boundary conditions imposed outside the microstructure. This yields the leaky modes supported by the fibre. The boundary conditions are achieved exactly using a novel refinement scheme called the Adjustable Boundary Condition (ABC) method. Two implementations are programmed and their computational efficiencies are compared. Both use an azimuthal Fourier decomposition, but radially, a finite difference scheme is shown to be more efficient than a basis function expansion. The properties of the ABC method are then predicted theoretically using an original approach. It shows that the method is highly efficient, robust, automated and generally applicable to any implementation or to other radiating problems. A theoretical framework for the properties of modes in MOFs is also presented. It includes the use of the Bloch-Floquet theorem to provide a simpler and more efficient way to exploit microstructure symmetry. A new, but brief study of the modal birefringence properties in straight and spun fibres is also included. The theoretical and numerical tools are then applied to the study of polymer MOFs. Three types of fibres are numerically studied, fabricated and characterised. Each is of contemporary interest. Firstly, fabrication of the first MOFs with uniformly oriented elliptical holes is presented. A high degree of hole ellipticity is achieved using a simple technique relying on hole deformation during fibre draw. Both form and stress-optic birefringence are characterized over a broad scaled-wavelength range, which shows excellent agreement with numerical modelling. Secondly, an analysis of leaky modes in real air core MOFs, fabricated specifically for photonic band gap guidance, is then used to identify alternative guiding mechanisms. The supported leaky modes exhibit properties closely matching a simple hollow waveguide, weakly influenced by the surrounding microstructure. The analysis gives a quantitative determination of the wavelength dependent confinement loss of these modes and illustrates a mechanism not photonic band gap in origin by which colouration can be observed in such fibres. Finally, highly multimode MOFs (also called `air-clad' fibres) that have much wider light acceptance angles than conventional fibres are studied. An original and accurate method is presented for determining the numerical aperture of such fibres using leaky modes. The dependence on length, wavelength and various microstructure dimensions are evaluated for the first time for a class of fibres. These results show excellent agreement with published measurements on similar fibres and verify that bridge thicknesses much smaller than the wavelength are required for exceptionally high numerical apertures. The influence of multiple layers of holes on the numerical aperture and capture efficiency are then presented. It shows that a substantial increase in both these parameters can be achieved for some bridge thicknesses. Simple heuristic expressions for these quantities are given, which are based on the physical insight provided by the full numerical models. The work is then supported by the first fabrication attempts of large-core polymer MOFs with thin supporting bridges. These fibres exhibit relatively high numerical apertures and show good agreement with theoretical expectations over a very wide scaled-wavelength range.
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Martinez, Pinon F. "Characterizing single-mode fibres and single-mode fibre lenses." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383403.

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Hale, Zoe Miranda. "Fibre optic sensors using adiabatically tapered single mode fibres." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320155.

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Khorami, M. "Application of natural and synthetic fibres as a replacement for asbestos fibres in cement boards." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/33ff6ca1-107b-482b-b598-f7ab050d8d42/1.

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The use of asbestos fibres in construction products has been banned in European countries for about two decades due to its effect on human health. At present, many developing countries use asbestos cement board as one of the most important construction products for roofing, cladding and partition walls. The Hatschek process is the most commonly used method to produce asbestos Fibre Cement Board (FCB). There are two major problems for the asbestos FCB manufacturers in replacing their products with non-asbestos FCB. The first one is finding materials and fibres that are available and competitive in price compared to asbestos fibres, and the second is providing inexpensive machines and equipment to produce non-asbestos FCB. In this research, an effort has been made to solve these two major problems. After the initial laboratory investigations on several natural and synthetic fibres some of the fibres with potential use in FCB were chosen for the further investigations. A slurry vacuum dewatering process was then designed and made for the laboratory use. The performance of material selections and mix designs selected from the laboratory studies were subsequently verified with factory Hatschek process in a factory site trial. Many specimens with natural and synthetic fibres incorporating silica fume and limestone powder were made and tested in the laboratory. Silica fume and limestone powder were used for enhancing flexural strength and suppression of alkalinity to reduce breakdown of the cellulose fibres. The results of mechanical, physical and II durability tests were analysed. The microstructure of the fibres and composites was also studied by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). At some stages, mix design optimization was carried out to gain the highest flexural strength. The most suitable mixes were chosen for the factory site trials. A number of full-scale non-asbestos trial boards were made successfully in an asbestos FCB factory and tested in accordance with the current national and international standards. The results indicated that the trial boards fulfilled the requirements of the relevant standards. Based on the outcome of this research, a combination of acrylic fibres and waste cardboard in a mix incorporating silica fume and limestone powder in addition to Portland cement can be used to replace asbestos fibres. Although broadly compatible with the asbestos cement production process, this formulation change will necessitate some changes to the existing production lines in asbestos cement factories to produce non-asbestos FCB.
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Yeung, Anson Chi-Ming Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Polymer segmented cladding fibres: cross fibre modelling, design, fabrication and experiment." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43656.

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This thesis presents the first research on polymer-segmented-cladding-fibre (PSCF), an emerging class of microstructured- optical-fibres (MOFs), which allows single-mode operation with ultra-large-core area. This research covers the modelling, design, fabrication and experiment of the polymer optical cross-fibre (4-period-SCF) whose cross-sectional view resembles a cross. A new wedge waveguide model has been formulated and applied to demonstrate that for any given parameters, the cross fibre gives the same performance for single-mode operation as the N-period-SCFs (for N = 2, 6 and 8). These fibres behave identically if the high-index segment angle, θ1, is the same and the low-index segment angular width, θ2, is sufficiently large for negligible adjacent mode coupling effects. This remarkable finding has significant ramifications for SCF fabrication, design and performance. Theoretical predictions confirmed by experiments demonstrated that a cross-fibre is all that needed to fabricate a large-core single-mode-fibre with no geometry-induced birefringence. The high-index outer ring effects on the cross fibre single-mode performance have been systematically investigated for the first time. The study reveals that the ring index value higher than its core index has very strong effects on single-mode performance. Within a narrow range of θ1, the minimum fibre length required for single-mode operation is reduced but outside this angle range, longer single-mode length is required. Furthermore, the fibre can be anti-guiding if θ1 exceeds the cutoff angle. Incorporating the fabrication constraints, the optimal cross-fibre design with high-index ring is achieved by optimising the relative index difference, high-index segment angle and core-cladding diameter ratio. Two preform-making techniques developed for the cross-fibres fabrication include the cladding-segment-in-tube method and the core-cladding-segment-in-tube method. The innovative approach in these methods overcomes the problems of bubble formation and fractures, which are related to the fibre structure complexity and the polymer intrinsic properties and their processing. It enables the successful drawing of single-mode fibres. This thesis reports the first experimental demonstration of single-mode operation of large-core cross-fibre. Three experimental studies with different cross-fibre designs have demonstrated (i) large-core single-mode operation, (ii) high-index ring effects on fibre performance and (iii) cross-fibre optimal design trial. Apart from this, the 8-period-SCF fibre performance has been demonstrated experimentally.
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Yhuel, Grégory. "Contribution à l’étude de polyesters aliphatiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS019/document.

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De par ses propriétés thermomécaniques proches des polyoléfines, le poly(butylene succinate)est l’un des polymères biosourcés les plus attractifs pour la substitution de matériaux pétro-sourcés pour des applications automobiles. L’incorporation de fibres de chanvre, via une étape d’extrusion,renforce la matrice et permet de tendre vers les propriétés cibles exigées par les cahiers des charges automobiles pour les applications visées dans cette étude. Afin d’améliorer les propriétés thermomécaniques de ce matériau, trois sujets ont été développés dans cette étude :1- Qualification de l’interface PBS / fibres de chanvre : via une nouvelle méthodologie basée sur l’analyse de la contribution effective des fibres sur la contrainte (CFC) durant une sollicitation mécanique, il est montré que les liaisons hydrogène formées entre le PBSet la fibre influent fortement sur les mécanismes de transfert de charge. Couplée au modèle de Bowyer et Bader, cette approche permet d’identifier les mécanismes d’endommagement de l’interface et de quantifier la contrainte interfaciale (τchanvre/PBS=25,2MPa).2 - Signification du ratio L/D d’une fibre naturelle : au cours des procédés de mises en oeuvre (extrusion et injection), la morphologie d’une fibre végétale évolue et apparait complexe due à la structure branchée engendrée par la fibrillation. A partir d’une nouvelleméthodologie d’analyse d’images spécifiquement développée, il est montré que la fibrillation contribue au renforcement de la matrice au même titre que le défibrage.3 -Synthèse de PBS-co-amides : afin de couvrir les contraintes thermomécaniques exigées,l’introduction de groupements amide dans le PBS est étudiée pour augmenter le point de fusion du polymère. Afin de contourner notamment la réaction parasite de cyclisation entre l’acide succinique et les amines, une stratégie de synthèses multi-étapes de monomères et de poly(ester-amide) est étudiée permettant d’obtenir un PEA de faible masse molaire dont le point de fusion atteint 172°C
With its thermomechanical properties closed to polyolefins, poly(butylene succinate) is one ofthe most interesting bio-based polymers for substitution of oil-based polymers for automotive applications. Addition of hemp fibers, through an extrusion process step, reinforces matrix and enables to fit with the targeted technical profile required by automotive specifications. In order to improve thermomechanical properties, three main topics have been investigated in this study:1 - PBS / hemp fibers interface qualification: through a new methodology based on the analysis of the effective fiber contribution on stress during mechanical solicitation, it was shown that hydrogen bonds between PBS and fibers play a major role in load transfer.Combined with the Bowyer and Bader model, this approach enables to highlight interface damages and to determine the interfacial shear strength (τhemp/PBS=25,2 MPa)2 - Meaning of natural fiber L/D ratio: during processes (extrusion and injection), vegetal fiber morphology changes and becomes complex due to the fibrillated structure. With anew developed image analysis tool, it was shown that fibrillation contributes to matrix einforcement as well as defibering.3 - Synthesis of PBS-co-amide: to reach the targeted thermomechanical performances,introduction of amide groups into PBS was studied to increase the melting point. In order to avoid the cyclic imide formation between succinic acid and amines, synthesis of monomers and poly(ester amide) were studied through a multistep strategy, enabling to get low molecular weight PEA with melting temperature around 172°C
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Chandani, Sameer M. "Fibre optic sensors based on D-shaped elliptical core fibres." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31270.

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Optical fibre-based sensors have gained much attention over the past three decades and are gaining acceptance in many industries such as the aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, biological sensing, and medical industries. The work presented here demonstrates the use of D-shaped fibres as intensity-based fibre optic sensors. The fibres are etched to gain access to their evanescent optical fields and are operated in their "leaky", regimes, i.e., the regime in which optical power leaks out of their cores. The optical power transmission through the etched D-fibre, which constitutes the sensor head, depends on the refractive index of the measurand placed on the sensor head. Thus by using materials whose refractive indices depend on the desired measurands, intensity-based sensors can be realised. A "non-destructive" process for determining the etched cladding thickness of the D-fibre is also developed. Once calibrated for a specific fibre or fibre batch, only one thermo-optic oil, three temperature measurements and a mathematical fitting routine are required to determine the etched cladding thickness with an accuracy better than 0.3 μm. Four types of sensor are demonstrated. A refractive index sensor with a high resolution region and a low resolution region, both of which can be shifted by changing the operating wavelength, is demonstrated with a maximum resolution on the order of 10⁻⁶ refractive index units. Naturally, this leads to the development of a temperature sensor with an adjustable dynamic range and resolution that uses thermo-optic oils. Proof of principle is demonstrated for an electric field sensor using chiral smectic A liquid crystals. A continuous liquid level sensor (that can also be implemented as a discrete level sensor) is also demonstrated using only one optical source, one optical detector and a single length of fibre.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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9

Farrow, G. J. "Acoustic emission in carbon fibres and carbon fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334022.

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Wong, Doris Wai-Yin. "Toughening of epoxy carbon fibre composites using dissolvable phenoxy fibres." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8710.

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The aim of this study is to investigate a novel toughening approach for liquid mouldable carbon fibre/epoxy composites. The toughening mechanism is based on the use of thermoplastics for the toughening of epoxy resins in which polymer blends are formed, leading to phase separated morphologies which allows for various toughening mechanisms to take place. Instead of standard melt or solution blending, the thermoplastic in this study is introduced as solid phenoxy fibres, which are combined with dry carbon fabric preforms. These phenoxy fibres remain solid during resin infusion and dissolve when the laminates are heated and phase separation takes place before curing completed. The main benefits of this approach are that the viscosity of matrix resin remains low, which makes liquid moulding of these laminates possible. Localised and selective toughening of particular regions within a structure can also be achieved. Process time and cost can also be reduced by eliminating the polymer blending process. It was found that modification with phenoxy improved composite Mode-I interlaminar toughness significantly, with an increase of up to 10-folds for bifunctional epoxy composite and 100% for tetrafunctional epoxy composite, while tensile properties were not adversely affected. It was found that it is possible to combine the dissolvable phenoxy fibres with an undissolved aramid interleaf to improve toughness and damage properties. However, the phenoxy-epoxy systems had lowered environmental stability and degraded after hot-wet and solvent conditioning.
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Books on the topic "Fibres"

1

Calvin, Woodings, and Textile Institute (Manchester England), eds. Regenerated cellulose fibres. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001.

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NotePublications, Key, ed. Fibres. 2nd ed. London: Key Note Publications, 1985.

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Publications, Key Note, ed. Fibres. 4th ed. London: Key Note Publications, 1988.

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Michel, Butor. Fibres. Paris: Brocéliande Editions, 1987.

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Russell, Langley, and Key Note Ltd, eds. Fibres. 6th ed. Hampton: Key Note Publications, 1992.

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Delmonte, John. Technology of carbon and graphite fiber composites. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1987.

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W, Watt, and Perov Boris Vitalʹevich, eds. Strong fibres. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985.

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Kumsang, Tom. Fibres & fabrics. London: South London Science & Technology Centre, 1990.

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Sixty-two Group of Textile Artists. and Shipley Art Gallery, eds. Fascinating fibres. Gateshead: Shipley Art Gallery, 1991.

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O, Phillips Glyn, ed. New fibres. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fibres"

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Fox, Malcolm A. "Fibres and Fibrous Products." In Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials, 90–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0_31.

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Starr, Trevor F. "Fibres." In Glass-Fibre Databook, 224–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1492-9_13.

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Khare, Ashok R. "Fibres." In Principles of Spinning, 1–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429486586-1-1.

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Savage, G. "Carbon Fibres." In Carbon-Carbon Composites, 37–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1586-5_2.

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Nouchi, Pascale, Pierre Sillard, and Denis Molin. "Optical Fibres." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 55–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20517-0_2.

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Karsa, David R., J. Michael Goode, and Peter J. Donnelly. "Textiles Fibres." In Surfactants Applications Directory, 247–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3038-7_15.

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Khazanov, V. E., Yu I. Kolesov, and N. N. Trofimov. "Glass fibres." In Fibre Science and Technology, 15–230. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0565-1_2.

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Kaverov, A. T., M. E. Kazakov, and V. Ya Varshavsky. "Carbon fibres." In Fibre Science and Technology, 231–357. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0565-1_3.

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Kostikov, V. I., M. F. Makhova, V. P. Sergeev, and V. I. Trefilov. "Ceramic fibres." In Fibre Science and Technology, 557–605. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0565-1_7.

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Senthil Kumar, P., and P. R. Yaashikaa. "Recycled Fibres." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8515-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fibres"

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Troles, Johann. "Chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers: fabrication and applications (Conference Presentation)." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 9. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2670367.

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Theodosiou, Antreas, Ori Henderson-Sapir, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Femtosecond laser written ZBLAN tilted fibre Bragg grating for mode-locked mid-infrared laser applications." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 2. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2663742.

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Tosi, Daniele, Wilfried Blanc, Madina Shaimerdenova, Aliya Bekmurzayeva, Zhannat Ashikbayeva, Aida Rakhimbekova, and Carlo Molardi. "Single-mode nanoparticles-doped optical fibers: opportunities for high-performance biosensing." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 8. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2666968.

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Rusch, Leslie A., and Sophie Larochelle. "Ring core fiber supporting orbital angular momentum for modal multiplexing." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 18. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2667522.

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Grábner, Martin. "Semi-analytical computation method for propagation loss of hollow-core anti-resonant fiber." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 31. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2665164.

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W. Edvardsen, André, and Lars G. Holmen. "Time-resolved kinetics of pair-induced quenching in holmium-doped optical fibers." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 40. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2670191.

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Dubovan, Jozef, and Jan Litvik. "Spectrally effective mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 32. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2665445.

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Theodosiou, Antreas, Loukas Koutsokeras, Andreas Ioannou, Andrei Stancalie, Daniel C. Negut, Jan Aubrecht, Pavel Peterka, Georgios Constantinides, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Post-radiation effects of core pumped monolithic holmium-doped silica fibre lasers." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 30. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2665051.

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Theodosiou, Antreas, Charalambos Kouzoupou, Andreas Ioannou, Michael Komodromos, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Signal processing treatments for static and dynamic Brillouin distributed sensing." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 29. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2665050.

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Stephan, Ronja, Elias Scharf, Kinga Zolnacz, Katharina Hausmann, Matthias Ließmann, Hannah Reihle, Lea Kötters, et al. "Advanced multicore fibers for 3D micro-endoscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Specialty Optical Fibres, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez, 24. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2665563.

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Reports on the topic "Fibres"

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Hassegawa, Mariana, and Timokleia Orfanidou. Environmental impacts of wood-based textile fibres. European Forest Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36333/pb5.

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Vincent, J. D. S., and N. Dissanayake. Review of recycling and traceability methods for carbon fibres. National Physical Laboratory, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mat123.

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Harmsen, Paulien, Wouter Post, and Harriëtte Bos. Textiles for circular fashion. Part 2, From renewable carbon to fibres. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/568425.

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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Ozkan, Istemi, and Qishi Chen. PR-244-094511-R01 Technology Readiness Evaluation of FAST-Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010990.

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FAST Pipe is a new pipeline technology that was developed by ConocoPhillips Company (ConocoPhillips). It has been proposed as an alternative to high strength steel (grade X80 or higher) for high pressure gas transmission pipelines. FAST Pipe is manufactured by tightly wrapping multiple layers of dry fibreglass (or other fibres like carbon fibre) circumferentially around a conventional steel pipe and then covering the fibreglass with a thermoplastic jacket, such as a high density polyethylene (HDPE) coating. By utilizing the steel pipe to carry axial and bending loads and the fibreglass to augment the pressure carrying capacity of the steel pipe, FAST Pipe offers performance and cost advantages. ConocoPhillips has made a substantial effort to experimentally and analytically assess the feasibility and performance of FAST Pipe. PRCI has set up an industry Steering Committee (SC) to provide input and enable peer review to address the technical challenges as well as research and development objectives for obtaining regulatory approval for this new technology. The objective of this project was to assist PRCI's SC to achieve the goals of assessing technology readiness, identifying requirements for obtaining regulatory approval, and developing short and long term plans to meet these requirements.
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Busby, Ryan, Morgan Conrady, Kyoo Jo, and Donald Cropek. Characterising earth scent. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48262.

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Rationale. Earth scent is the odour emitted from soils. This scent, primarily comprising the alcohols geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), has not been fully characterised, but offers high potential for use as an environmental interrogation tool. Methodology. We utilised our field- based, solid-phase microextraction fibre method to test the hypothesis that soil activity and soil property variation can be detected in situ by comparing biogenic volatile emissions. Results. We eliminated sources of error utilising field-based sampling with these fibres, concluding that room temperature storage for up to 7 days is acceptable with minimal loss. Variation in individual fibre affinity for both compounds was higher than expected but no measured concentrations were observed to constitute outliers. Disturbance of minor soil volumes led to significantly higher emission of both compounds over background levels. Soil texture and soil cover had a significant effect on the emission of both compounds. Simulated rainfall, producing the characteristic odour known as petrichor, initiates elevated emission of geosmin. Background (undisturbed soil) concentrations of MIB were occasionally detectable during some sampling events, but geosmin concentrations in the air were always below detection limits without soil disturbance. Virtually all background and disturbed soil samples contained much higher concentrations of MIB compared to geosmin, but geosmin variation between replicates and experimental units was much lower. Discussion. Soil disturbance and soil property variation can be remotely detected using emission of volatile compounds. Correlating emission from the soil with respect to disturbance events and environmental properties could yield a powerful new tool for acquiring soil information.
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Ragalwar, Ketan, William Heard, Brett Williams, Dhanendra Kumar, and Ravi Ranade. On enhancing the mechanical behavior of ultra-high performance concrete through multi-scale fiber reinforcement. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41940.

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Steel fibers are typically used in ultra-high performance concretes (UHPC) to impart flexural ductility and increase fracture toughness. However, the mechanical properties of the steel fibers are underutilized in UHPC, as evidenced by the fact that most of the steel fibers pull out of a UHPC matrix largely undamaged during tensile or flexural tests. This research aims to improve the bond between steel fibers and a UHPC matrix by using steel wool. The underlying mechanism for fiber-matrix bond improvement is the reinforcement of the matrix tunnel, surrounding the steel fibers, by steel wool. Single fiber pullout tests were performed to quantify the effect of steel wool content in UHPC on the fiber-matrix bond. Microscopic observations of pulled-out fibers were used to investigate the fiber-matrix interface. Compared to the control UHPC mixture with no steel wool, significant improvement in the flexural behavior was observed in the UHPC mixtures with steel wool. Thus, the addition of steel wool in steel fiber-reinforced UHPC provides multi-scale reinforcement that leads to significant improvement in fiber-matrix bond and mechanical properties of UHPC.
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Granot, David, Scott Holaday, and Randy D. Allen. Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613878.bard.

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a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production. b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous results suggested that FRKs (fructokinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate fructose) are major players in sugar metabolism and cellulose synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber elongation and cellulose synthesis in cotton plants. Accordinlgy, the objectives of this research were: c. Major conclusions and achievements: Two cotton FRKs expressed in fibers, GhFRK2 and GhFRK3, were cloned and characterized. We found that GhFRK2 enzyme is located in the cytosol and GhFRK3 is located within plastids. Both enzymes enable growth on fructose (but not on glucose) of hexose kinase deficient yeast strain, confirming the fructokinase activity of the cloned genes. RNAi constructs with each gene were prepared and sent to the US collaborator to generate cotton plants with RNAi suppression of these genes. To examine the effect of FRKs using Arabidopsis plants we generated transgenic plants expressing either LeFRK1 or LeFRK2 at high level. No visible phenotype has been observed. Yet, plants expressing both genes simultaneously are being created and will be tested. To test our hypothesis that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber cellulose synthesis, we generated twenty independent transgenic cotton plant lines overexpressing Lycopersicon (Le) FRK1. Transgene expression was high in leaves and moderate in developing fiber, but enhanced FRK activity in fibers was inconsistent between experiments. Some lines exhibited a 9-11% enhancement of fiber length or strength, but only one line tested had consistent improvement in fiber strength that correlated with elevated FRK activity in the fibers. However, in one experiment, seed cotton mass was improved in all transgenic lines and correlated with enhanced FRK activity in fibers. When greenhouse plants were subjected to severe drought during flowering and boll development, no genotypic differences in fiber quality were noted. Seed cotton mass was improved for two transgenic lines but did not correlate with fiber FRK activity. We conclude that LeFRK1 over-expression in fibers has only a small effect on fiber quality, and any positive effects depend on optimum conditions. The improvement in productivity for greenhouse plants may have been due to better structural development of the water-conducting tissue (xylem) of the stem, since stem diameters were larger for some lines and the activity of FRK in the outer xylem greater than observed for wild-type plants. We are testing this idea and developing other transgenic cotton plants to understand the roles of FRK in fiber and xylem development. We see the potential to develop a cotton plant with improved stem strength and productivity under drought for windy, semi-arid regions where cotton is grown. d. Implications, scientific and agricultural: FRKs are probably bottle neck enzymes for biomass and wood synthesis and their increased expression has the potential to enhance wood and biomass production, not only in cotton plants but also in other feed and energy renewable plants.
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Neudecker, Bernd J., Martin H. Benson, and Brian K. Emerson. Power Fibers: Thin-Film Batteries on Fiber Substrates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511230.

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Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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