Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibre scintillanti'
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COVA, FRANCESCA. "Rare-Earth doped Scintillating Silica Fibers for ionizing radiation detection." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263105.
Full textScintillating materials find a wide variety of applications in ionizing radiation detection systems, monitoring and imaging, real time dosimetry in the medical field, homeland and industrial security, and high energy physics. In the recent years, the development of new, fast, and performing scintillators has been an active field of research. Scintillating fiber technology freshly raised a lot of interest because its extreme flexibility can provide a powerful tool for innovative detector designs. This thesis focuses on the study of scintillating fibers made of silica glass which show efficient luminescent properties when activated with rare-earth ions, like Cerium and Praseodymium. Both fundamental and practical aspects are discussed, in view of the improvement and optimization of the material performances for application perspectives in the future generation of high energy physics detectors. With this objective, the effects of high dose levels of ionizing radiation on the transparency of the material are studied. The fine-tuning of the activator content incorporated in the silica matrix and of the sol-gel synthesis and fiber drawing processes allow to obtain a good light guiding and a well-controlled optical quality. The feasibility of a simultaneous readout of Cherenkov and scintillation light is demonstrated in high energy calorimetry conditions, probing Ce-doped silica fibers embedded in a small detector prototype exposed to beams of electrons. Silica fibers can be considered as promising candidates in the framework of the dual readout calorimetry approach, which aims at compensating the energy fluctuations, inherent to the detection of hadronic particles. A deep understanding of the factors limiting the scintillation performances is of primary importance for future material engineering: they are found to be mainly related to the presence of point defects, which compete with the luminescent centers in capturing the free carriers created upon irradiation and introduce a delay in the recombination kinetics. A fundamental study of the role of defects in silica fibers, detrimental for the scintillation efficiency, is proposed and discussed. The potential of silica fibers for applications in high energy physics detectors is outlined and further optimization of the material technology is foreseen. This work was performed at the Department of Materials Science at the University of Milano - Bicocca, in collaboration with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN, Switzerland) and with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US). Some measurements were carried out in collaboration with Saint Gobain Research (France) and the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Czech Republic).
Villeneuve, Maxime. "Conception d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour la curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25891/25891.pdf.
Full textCôté, François. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante en curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24578/24578.pdf.
Full textRaymond, Christophe. "Radio-imageurs a fibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077152.
Full textRaymond, Christophe. "Radio-imageurs à fibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609213f.
Full textLlop, Xavier. "Réalisation et caractérisation de microfibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30205.
Full textLacroix, Frédéric. "Conception d'un prototype clinique de dosimètre matriciel à fibres scintillantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24472/24472.pdf.
Full textLessard, François. "Validation d'un détecteur à fibre scintillante plastique pour la dosimétrie de photons aux énergies diagnostiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29448/29448.pdf.
Full textBoivin, Jonathan. "Conception et caractérisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour des applications en imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26905.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of a plastic scintillation detector for low energy photon eams. The main goal of the project consists in the design and characterization of this tool in the aim of measuring the radiation dose involved during diagnostic and interventional radiology examinations. The first section is devoted to the design of six different systems and to their performance evaluation when they are exposed to high and low energy radiation. For all photodetectors, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5% for dose rates higher than 3 mGy/s. This systematic approach identified the photomultiplier tube as the most appropriate photodetector for radiology specific beam qualities. Indeed, its RSD was less than 1% when the dose rate was below 0.10 mGy/s. The result analysis allowed the suggestion of some guidelines for the selection of an appropriate detector for a specific application. The second part was about this detector application to interventional radiology procedures by performing dose measurements at an anthropomorphic phantom surface. Several clinically relevant setups were reproduced to observe the detector’s accuracy and reliability. The RSD remained under 2% when the dose rate was more than 3 mGy/min and about 10% at the lowest dose rate (0.25 mGy/min). Phantom measurements showed a dose rate difference between the detector and the ion chamber of less than 4% when moving the table’s height or rotating the fluoroscope gantry. Moreover, this difference was below 2% for depth dose rate measurements. The last subject of this thesis was about the fundamental physics of scintillation within the plastic scintillators. The factors affecting the light emission were analyzed in order to identify their respective contribution. The detector’s response increased by a factor of about 4 when the tube potential varied between 20 kVp and 250 kVp. The clear optical response was below 0.5%of the scintillator’s light when the fibers were exposed on 10 cm-long by these beam qualities. he ionization quenching phenomenon was also investigated. The signal attenuation varied with the beam energy and reached about 20% for a 20 kVp beam quality. In conclusion, this study suggests that the plastic scintillation detectors can accurately measure the radiation dose involved in diagnostic and interventional radiology, but a rigorous calibration is essential.
TAUFER, MICHEL. "Polymerisation et caracterisations de materiaux de coeur pour fibres optiques transparentes et scintillantes." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30031.
Full textGagnon, Jean-Christophe. "Performance dosimétrique et capacité matricielle du détecteur à fibre scintillante pour les contrôles de qualité en radiochirurgie stéréotaxique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28105/28105.pdf.
Full textLACOUR, DIDIER. "Etude et realisation d'un calorimetre plomb-fibres scintillantes pour la partie arriere du detecteur h1 a hera." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077044.
Full textPUERTOLAS, DIDIER. "Materiaux de cur pour fibres optiques plastiques scintillantes de faible diametre preparation, caracterisations, etude de la radioresistance." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30179.
Full textBourgouin, Alexandra. "Caractérisation du détecteur à fibre scintillante plastique commercial et étude sur la réduction de dose aux appareils cardiaques implantables par blindage de plomb." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25877.
Full textThe recent development of the spectral method for correction of the Cˇ erenkov light in plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have led to the first commercial dosimeter of this type, the Exradin W1 (STANDARD IMAGING INC., Middleton, WI, U.S.). As any new commercial dosimeter, it had to be characterized and validated in different situations of radiation. The first purpose of this project was to perform this validation. The results of characterization have shown that PSD is an efficient dosimeter to make out-of-field doses measurements as required in the evaluation of the feasibility of using a lead sheet to reduce dose to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices, CIED. Measurements performed with PSD shown an important reduction of doses by the shielding for square anterior-posterior field (40 % to 80 %) and also for complex clinical treatments (5 % to 45 %).
Le, deroff Coralie. "Etude de la dosimétrie par scintillateur plastique pour l'irradiation préclinique du petit animal à moyenne énergie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC254/document.
Full textSmall animal micro-irradiators designed for preclinical radiotherapy experiments mimic human clinical irradiation techniques thus facilitating the transposition of radiobiological research findings to clinical practice. These devices deliver millimetric x-ray beams of medium-energy (< 300 keV) which implies specific dosimetric issues. The objective of this thesis was the implementation of plastic scintillating fiber dosimetry in this specific field of use, for which few existing dosimeters are suitable. In a first part, beams from a micro-irradiator were characterized. Dosimetric measurements along with energy spectra Monte Carlo simulations allowed the study of the dosimeter prototype performances. In the second part of this work, excellent dosimetric properties of the detector such as repeatability, reproducibility and dose response linearity were shown. Then, a major issue was to determine the detector energy dependence, which is inherent to medium-energy dosimetry and also an intrinsic property of plastic scintillator, below 100 keV. A calibration method based on the simulated energy spectra was proposed to correct this dependence in preclinical conditions (mini-beams, small scattering volume). The dosimeter showed very conclusive results for treatment plan verification in a heterogene phantom and during rats in vivo experiments. The dosimeter also demonstrated promising performances for online control of the delivered dose to mobile tumors, subject to the animal respiratory movements
Guillot, Mathieu. "Conception et validation d'une matrice 2D de détecteurs à fibres scintillantes plastiques pour la dosimétrie en radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29962/29962.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development and characterization of a 2D array of plastic scintillation detectors for the dosimetry of megavoltage energy photon beams used in radiation therapy. The characteristics sought with the detector array are accuracy, water-equivalence, a good spatial resolution, a large number of detectors and a high frequency readout of the doses deposited. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the improvement of the accuracy of the spectral method used to correct the Cerenkov effect. A study has determined the optimal attenuation characteristics for the optical fibers and two procedures able to accurately extract the calibration coefficients were developed. Measurements performed in various situations showed that this method can correct the Cerenkov effect with an accuracy of 1 %. The second part of this thesis relates to the design, realization and validation of a detector array consisting of 781 plastic scintillation detectors inserted vertically into a plane of a water-equivalent phantom. An novel optical system was also designed. It was determined that, on average, the standard deviation of measurements is smaller than 1 % for doses deposited greater than 6.3 cGy. It was also demonstrated that the dose distributions are not perturbed (within +/- 1.1 %) by the presence of the detectors inside the phantom. The characterization of the angular dependence showed that the incidences of radiation beams have very little effect on the accuracy of measurements. The detector array was also validated in the context of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Eleven treatment plans were measured and the results showed excellent agreements with dose distributions calculated with convolution-superposition algorithms or measured with radiochromic films. The sensitivity and specificity of the detector array to position errors of one leaf and one leaf bank of a multileaf collimator (MLC) were also determined by applying the principles of signal detection theory. The study concluded that plastic scintillation detectors could allow improving the quality of dosimetry in IMRT, due to their advantages compared to other dosimeters, such as water-equivalence, high frequency readout, high spatial resolution and a very low angular dependence.
Fouchez, Dominique. "Etude de canaux de physique non-standard au LHC : analyse des données de test d'un calorimètre plomb/fibres scintillantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22003.
Full textBigler, Emmanuel. "Détecteurs d'images X grand champ : applications à la microscopie X de contact et à la microanalyse d'absorption avec le rayonnement synchrotron." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112100.
Full textThis thesis presents an application of synchrotron radiation (ORSAY/DCI storage ring) to X-ray contact microscopy and X-ray absorption chemical microanalysis near an absorption edge. In a first part, high resolution photographic plates are used as images detectors. Two microradioqraphs of the sample are recorded at two different X-ray wavelengths chosen on each side of an absorption edge of the analysed element. The images are digitalised with a microdensitometer. Subsequent computer processing gives analytical charts of this element showing 5 to 10 μm spatial resolution and 2-3 cm2 field. The second part presents an X-ray image detector based on guided scintillation. The detector is designed to improve the limited performances of photographic detection for high flux quantitative X-ray image detection over keV. X-ray to visible image conversion is performed in an array of optical fibers with a scintillating liquid core. A spatial resolution close to the pitch of the fiber array (10 μm) is experimentally obtained. Applications of the detector to X-ray microscopy, X-ray micro-analysis and medical imaging with synchrotron radiation are described
Tareb, Malica. "Systèmes de lecture et d'acquisition de données pour un détecteur photomultiplicateur sensible à la position, associée [i. E. Associé] à des fibres scintillantes." Chambéry, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CHAMS014.
Full textBOUCHAM, ABDELKRIM. "Recherche de neutralinos avec le detecteur l3 au lep et realisation d'un calorimetre plomb - fibres scintillantes pour ameliorer son hermeticite electromagnetique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066056.
Full textIKHLEF, ABDELAZIZ. "Imagerie x appliquee a l'etude d'un detecteur a fibres optiques scintillantes et d'une source de photons x a etincelle dans le vide." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066574.
Full textSPIELMANN, STEPHAN. "L'electronique rapide de declenchement du calorimetre spacal plomb/fibre-scintillante de l'experience h1 a hera : mise en uvre, resultats en faisceaux test du cern et premiers resultats a hera." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0022.
Full textBOUHEMAID, NOURDDINE. "Etudes de systemes de detections pour le lhc : prototype d'un calorimetre electromagnetique projectif a fibres scintillantes et lecture de lumiere par des photodiodes a avalanches." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21727.
Full textBasa, Stéphane. "Recherche des gluinos et des squarks dans le cadre du modèle supersymétrique minimal au LHC : étude des performances d'un prototype de calorimètre électromagnétique plomb/fibres scintillantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22026.
Full textMeyer, Jean-Pierre. "Identification des électrons d'impulsion transverse supérieure à 10 GEV/C dans l'expérience UA2' installée auprès du collisionneur proton-antiproton du CERN." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112040.
Full textThe decision CERN to increase the luminosity of the proton-antiproton collider (ACOL) at 630 Gev in the center of mass by about one order of magnitude,has motivated the upgrade of the UA2 detector in order to search for the top quark. The main improvement of the detector consists in a better electron identification and an increase of the hadronic calorimeter coverage. The upgraded central detector uses new techniques to identify electrons, in particular a scintillating fiber detector (SFD). This detector of cylindrical geometry have been built at the CEN Saclay (DPhPE) using ≈ 60,000 fibers arranged in 24 layers,. It measures tracks (6 points in space) as well as the position of electromagnetic preshowers. It rejects fake electrons, simulated by the spatial overlap of a pi-zero and a hadron, with the help of a precise measurement of the distance between track ant preshower. Using data from a small integrated luminosity 46 nbˉ¹ achieved on 1987, we have studied the UA2 electron identification improvement. Comparing the electron transverse momentum spectra observed both in the old and the new detector we have found that the electron identification of the new UA2 apparatus has improved by an order of magnitude. The expected increase of the luminosity for the coming runs and the good knowledge of the UA2 apparatus will make it possible to improve tests of the standard model and in particular to achieve a better sensitivity for the top quark search
"Conception d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour la curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25891/25891.pdf.
Full textCôté, François. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante en curiethérapie /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24578/24578.pdf.
Full textLacroix, Frédéric. "Conception d'un prototype clinique de dosimètre matriciel à fibres scintillantes /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24472/24472.pdf.
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