Journal articles on the topic 'Fibre reinforcements'
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1
Ghazzawi, Yousof M., Andres F. Osorio, and Michael T. Heitzmann. "Fire performance of continuous glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composites: The effect of fibre architecture on the fire properties of polycarbonate composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 12 (October 23, 2018): 1705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318808052.
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The fire performance of polycarbonate resin and the role of glass fibre reinforcement in altering the fire performance was investigated. Three different fibre weaves with comparable surface density, plain, twill, and unidirectional glass fabrics, were used as reinforcements. E-glass fabrics were solution-impregnated with polycarbonate/dichloromethyl, laid up, and compression-moulded to consolidate the glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composite. Cone calorimetry tests with an incident radiant flux of 35 kW/m2 were used to investigate the fire properties of polycarbonate resin and its composites. Results showed that glass fibre reinforcement improves polycarbonate performance by delaying its ignition, decreasing its heat release rate, and lowering the mass loss rate. The three fibre weave types exhibited similar time to ignition. However, unidirectional fibre had a 35% lower peak heat release rate followed when compared to plain and twill weave fibres.
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Cullen, Richard K., Mary Margaret Singh, and John Summerscales. "Characterisation of Natural Fibre Reinforcements and Composites." Journal of Composites 2013 (December 18, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/416501.
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Recent EU directives (e.g., ELV and WEEE) have caused some rethinking of the life cycle implications of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. Man-made reinforcement fibres have significant ecological implications. One alternative is the use of natural fibres as reinforcements. The principal candidates are bast (plant stem) fibres with flax, hemp, and jute as the current front runners. The work presented here will consider the characterisation of jute fibres and their composites. A novel technique is proposed for the measurement of fibre density. The new rule of mixtures, extended for noncircular cross-section natural fibres, is shown to provide a sensible estimate for the experimentally measured elastic modulus of the composite.
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Santhanam, V., and M. Chandrasekaran. "Effect of Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Banana-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.7.
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Natural fibre reinforced composites have attracted the attention of research community mainly because they are turning out to be an alternative to synthetic fibre. Various natural fibres such as jute, sisal, palm, coir and banana are used as reinforcements. In this paper, banana fibres and glass fibres have been used as reinforcement. Hybrid epoxy polymer composite was fabricated using chopped banana/glass fibre and the effect of alkali treatment was also studied. It is found that the alkali treatment improved the mechanical properties of the composite.
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Pantaloni, Delphin, Alain Bourmaud, Christophe Baley, Mike J. Clifford, Michael H. Ramage, and Darshil U. Shah. "A Review of Permeability and Flow Simulation for Liquid Composite Moulding of Plant Fibre Composites." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 4811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214811.
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Liquid composite moulding (LCM) of plant fibre composites has gained much attention for the development of structural biobased composites. To produce quality composites, better understanding of the resin impregnation process and flow behaviour in plant fibre reinforcements is vital. By reviewing the literature, we aim to identify key plant fibre reinforcement-specific factors that influence, if not govern, the mould filling stage during LCM of plant fibre composites. In particular, the differences in structure (physical and biochemical) for plant and synthetic fibres, their semi-products (i.e., yarns and rovings), and their mats and textiles are shown to have a perceptible effect on their compaction, in-plane permeability, and processing via LCM. In addition to examining the effects of dual-scale flow, resin absorption, (subsequent) fibre swelling, capillarity, and time-dependent saturated and unsaturated permeability that are specific to plant fibre reinforcements, we also review the various models utilised to predict and simulate resin impregnation during LCM of plant fibre composites.
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Kandemir, Ali, Thomas R. Pozegic, Ian Hamerton, Stephen J. Eichhorn, and Marco L. Longana. "Characterisation of Natural Fibres for Sustainable Discontinuous Fibre Composite Materials." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092129.
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Growing environmental concerns and stringent waste-flow regulations make the development of sustainable composites a current industrial necessity. Natural fibre reinforcements are derived from renewable resources and are both cheap and biodegradable. When they are produced using eco-friendly, low hazard processes, then they can be considered as a sustainable source of fibrous reinforcement. Furthermore, their specific mechanical properties are comparable to commonly used, non-environmentally friendly glass-fibres. In this study, four types of abundant natural fibres (jute, kenaf, curaua, and flax) are investigated as naturally-derived constituents for high performance composites. Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the natural fibres are examined to evaluate their suitability as discontinuous reinforcements whilst also generating a database for material selection. Single fibre tensile and microbond tests were performed to obtain stiffness, strength, elongation, and interfacial shear strength of the fibres with an epoxy resin. Moreover, the critical fibre lengths of the natural fibres, which are important for defining the mechanical performances of discontinuous and short fibre composites, were calculated for the purpose of possible processing of highly aligned discontinuous fibres. This study is informative regarding the selection of the type and length of natural fibres for the subsequent production of discontinuous fibre composites.
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Bernava, Aina, Maris Manins, and Guntis Strazds. "Study of Mechanical Properties of Natural and Hybrid Yarns Reinforcements." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.231.
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The present work was focused on development and studies of mechanical properties that natural fibres have in the woven reinforcements made from hemp and flax as well as hybrid yarns of hemp and glass fibres. Natural fibres such as hemp and flax are biodegradable, have low weight and show good flexibility. Glass fibre is widely used in the industry when low cost and good performance is required. The hemp yarns (100 Tex and 1186 Tex), the flax yarns (678 Tex) and the hybrid yarn of hemp and glass fibres (1644 Tex) were used to develop woven reinforcement structures. Average surface density for reinforcements of hemp yarns is 83- 529 g/m2 and for reinforcements of hybrid yarns 738- 741 g/m2.
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Wiemer, Niels, Alexander Wetzel, Maximilian Schleiting, Philipp Krooß, Malte Vollmer, Thomas Niendorf, Stefan Böhm, and Bernhard Middendorf. "Effect of Fibre Material and Fibre Roughness on the Pullout Behaviour of Metallic Micro Fibres Embedded in UHPC." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143128.
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The use of micro fibres in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) as reinforcement increases tensile strength and especially improves the post-cracking behaviour. Without using fibres, the dense structure of the concrete matrix results in a brittle failure upon loading. To counteract this behaviour by fibre reinforcement, an optimal bond between fibre and cementitious matrix is essential. For the composite properties not only the initial surfaces of the materials are important, but also the bonding characteristics at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which changes upon the joining of both materials. These changes are mainly induced by the bond of cementitious phases on the fibre. In the present work, three fibre types were used: steel fibres with brass coating, stainless-steel fibres as well as nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (SMA). SMA fibres have the ability of “remembering” an imprinted shape (referred to as shape memory effect), triggered by thermal activation or stress, principally providing for superior performance of the fibre-reinforced UHPC. However, previous studies have shown that NiTi-fibres have a much lower bond strength to the concrete matrix than steel fibres, eventually leading to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composite. Accordingly, the bond between both materials has to be improved. A possible strategy is to roughen the fibre surfaces to varying degrees by laser treatment. As a result, it can be shown that laser treated fibres are characterised by improved bonding behaviour. In order to determine the bond strength of straight, smooth fibres of different metal alloy compositions, the present study characterized multiple fibres in series with a Compact-Tension-Shear (CTS) device. For critical evaluation, results obtained by these tests are compared with the results of conventional testing procedures, i.e., bending tests employing concrete prisms with fibre reinforcements. The bond behaviour is compared with the results of the flexural strength of prisms (4 × 4 × 16 cm3) with fibre reinforcements.
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Černý, Miroslav, and Jaroslav Pokluda. "First Principles Study of Ideal Composites Reinforced by Coherent Nano-Fibres." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.73.
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Ab initio calculations of elastic moduli and theoretical tensile strength of composite lamina having continuous nano-fibre reinforcements are performed using pseudopotential approach within density functional theory. Results for molybdenum or tungsten nano-fibres in vanadium or niobium matrices, presented as case studies, reveal that the theoretical strength approaches the value corresponding to the strength of the reinforcement already at about 60-80% atomic concentration of reinforcing fibres in the composite.
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Sridhar, M. K. "Fibre Reinforcements for Composites ." Defence Science Journal 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1993): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.43.4290.
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El-Hage, Yue, Simon Hind, and François Robitaille. "Thermal conductivity of textile reinforcements for composites." Journal of Textiles and Fibrous Materials 1 (January 1, 2018): 251522111775115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515221117751154.
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Thermal conductivity data for dry carbon fibre fabrics are required for modelling heat transfer during composites manufacturing processes; however, very few published data are available. This article reports in-plane and through-thickness thermal conductivities measured as a function of fibre volume fraction ( Vf) for non-crimp and twill carbon reinforcement fabrics, three-dimensional weaves and reinforcement stacks assembled with one-sided carbon stitch. Composites made from these reinforcements and glass fibre fabrics are also measured. Clear trends are observed and the effects of Vf, de-bulking and vacuum are quantified along with orthotropy ratios. Limited differences between the conductivity of dry glass and carbon fibre fabrics in the through-thickness direction are reported. An unexpected trend in the relationship between that quantity and Vf is explained summarily through simple simulations.
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Capela, Carlos, José A. Martins Ferreira, and José Domingos M. Costa. "Viscoelastic Properties Assessment of Syntactic Foams by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.280.
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Low-density sheet moulding compounds incorporating hollow glass micro-spheres are being increasing used namely in automotive industry, boats and deep-water submarines and core materials. This paper presents the results obtained in a current study of the viscous properties on hybrid short fibre/hollow glass microspheres composites fabricated with epoxy binder. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to study the effect of the filler volume fraction and of the addition of glass fibre reinforcement on the dynamic stiffness modulus, damping coefficient and glass transition temperature in tensile mode. The specimens were cut from plates produced by resin transfer moulding in vacuum with microspheres weight contents up to 13%. Elastic modulus decreases significantly with the increasing of filler volume fraction. In contrary, it increases significantly with the glass fibre reinforcement content. Glass transition temperature apparently tends to decrease with microspheres and of glass fibre reinforcement’s content. Tmax temperatures tend to increase slightly with the addition of fibre reinforcements and the microsphere filler. Maximum damping coefficient is much lower for the foams when compared with net resin.
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Adekunle, Adebola, Iheoma Adekunle, Omobolaji Opafola, Tolulope Ogundare, and Ayodeji A. Adeyeye. "Evaluation of strength characteristics of fibre reinforced concrete: A case study of glass and sisal fibres." Heritage and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v4i1.60.
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The strong performance of fibre reinforced concrete with the stepped introduction of glass and sisal fibre was evaluated. In this study, fibres as light reinforcements with varying percentages of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.5 by weight of concrete were added to M15 grade concrete. The water/cement mix proportions ratio was 0.6. Control specimens, such as cubes were cast and tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively to determine the mechanical properties. Glass fibre resulted in the most workable mix as compared to the sisal fibre with the highest slump and compaction factor of 19.50 mm and 0.93 respectively on the addition of 0.25% fibre. The addition of glass and sisal fibres in plain concrete (control) up to 1% increases the strength of concrete while the addition of fibres content greater than 1% resulted in a reduction in the strength of concrete. The optimum glass and sisal fibre content was 1% with maximum compressive strength of 36.50 N/mm2 and 34.67 N/mm2 at 28 days respectively. The experimental study revealed that glass fibre was stronger than sisal fibre. Hence, the fibre content of 1% is recommended for use as light reinforcement in concrete.
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S. Hassan, Mohanad, Yasir K. Ibrahim, and Ismail I. Marhoon. "INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF (EPOXY-RESOLE BLEND) MATRIX HYBRID COMPOSITE." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.26.3.4.
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This research aims to investigate the impact of fibre reinforcement on the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer matrix composites. The samples made of a hybrid polymer composite were made from the reaction of two polymers, 90% epoxy resin and 10% Resole resin, and were reinforced with two types of reinforcements. The reinforcement used for the current research was carbon and Kevlar fibers. The fibers were in plain weave and were added in volumetric fractions. This research assessed mechanical characteristics like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength in two cases: one for epoxy/Resole blend only and the other for a hybrid composite material. The addition of fibre reinforcement improves the mechanical properties of the epoxy. Kevlar fiber provides the best mechanical properties for the epoxy/Resole blend when reinforced with two layers of kevlar fibers.
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Oyedepo, O. J., E. O. Olukanni, A. Alalade, A. Amoko, G. Oluwadare, and O. Ayanda. "Evaluation of the Strength Properties of Asphalt Concrete using Natural Fibres as Reinforcing Additives." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i4.6.
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The period of maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt concrete pavement can be increased by using fibres as reinforcement in a bituminous mix. Shredded Sisal fibre (Agave sisalana) and Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical) were used as reinforcements in bituminous mix. The fibres were added to hot mix asphalt in varying proportion of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% by weight. The strength of fibre reinforced asphalt concrete was determined by conducting Marshall stability test. The tensile strength on 40 strands of fibre gave 167.43 N/mm2 and 24.58 N/mm2 for Sisal fibre and sponge gourd fibre respectively. Marshall Stability test results indicated that Sisal fibre gave minimum and maximum values of 4.46 kN and 5.54 kN, respectively, which exceeded the 3.5 kN minimum stability value for wearing course in the Nigerian General Specification for Roads and Bridges. The flow values obtained showed that the flow values are more than the 4 mm minimum value except for 0.1 sisal fibre dosage which has a value of 3.99 mm. The high flow values obtained was an indication of the reinforcing effects of the fibres which made the asphalt concrete stronger and hence have great resistance to plastic deformation.
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Kalamkarov, Alexander L., Anastasis V. Georgiades, Douglas O. MacDonald, and Stephen B. Fitzgerald. "Pultruded fibre reinforced polymer reinforcements with embedded fibre optic sensors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 972–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-034.
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The use of the pultrusion process for the manufacture of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites with embedded fibre optic sensors is discussed. The specific application is the use of smart composite reinforcements for strain monitoring in innovative concrete bridges and structures. The Bragg grating and Fabry-Perot fibre optic sensors are embedded during the pultrusion of FRP rods and the process-induced residual strains are evaluated using these sensors. The behaviour of optic sensors during pultrusion is assessed, and the effect of the embeddment of optical fibres and their surface coatings on the mechanical properties of the composite material is investigated. To verify the operation of the optic sensors embedded in the smart pultruded rods, mechanical tests were conducted and the output of the fibre optic sensors was compared to that of an extensometer. These mechanical tests were performed at room temperature as well as under conditions of low and high temperature extremes. The reliability assessment of the fibre optic sensors further entailed the study of their fatigue and creep behaviour as well as their performance when the rods in which they are embedded are placed in a severe environment (e.g., alkaline solutions) that may simulate conditions encountered in concrete structures wherein the composite rods will be used as prestressing tendons or rebars.Key words: smart composite reinforcements, fibre optic sensors, pultrusion, residual strain, fatigue and creep behaviour, reliability assessment.
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Harris, Bryan. "Fibre reinforcements for composite materials." Composites Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (January 1990): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(90)90036-5.
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Kandemir, Ali, Marco L. Longana, Tulio H. Panzera, Gilberto G. del Pino, Ian Hamerton, and Stephen J. Eichhorn. "Natural Fibres as a Sustainable Reinforcement Constituent in Aligned Discontinuous Polymer Composites Produced by the HiPerDiF Method." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081885.
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Sustainable fibre reinforced polymer composites have drawn significant attention in many industrial sectors as a means for overcoming issues with end-of-life regulations and other environmental concerns. Plant based natural fibres are considered to be the most suitable reinforcement for sustainable composites since they are typically from renewable resources, are cheap, and are biodegradable. In this study, a number of plant based natural fibres-curaua, flax, and jute fibres-are used to reinforce epoxy, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polypropylene (PP) matrices to form aligned discontinuous natural fibre reinforced composites (ADNFRC). The novel HiPerDiF (high performance discontinuous fibre) method is used to produce high performance ADNFRC. The tensile mechanical, fracture, and physical (density, porosity, water absorption, and fibre volume fraction) properties of these composites are reported. In terms of stiffness, epoxy and PP ADNFRC exhibit similar properties, but epoxy ADNFRC shows increased strength compared to PP ADNFRC. It was found that PLA ADNFRC had the poorest mechanical performance of the composites tested, due principally to the limits of the polymer matrix. Moreover, curaua, flax (French origin), and jute fibres are found to be promising reinforcements owing to their mechanical performance in epoxy and PP ADNFRC. However, only flax fibre with desirable fibre length is considered to be the best reinforcement constituent for future sustainable ADNFRC studies in terms of mechanical performance and current availability on the market, particularly for the UK and EU.
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Adeodu, Adefemi Omowole, Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan, Funmilayo Deborah Adewumi, George Orgwara, and Monisola Adewale. "Effects of Nanoclay on the Tensile Strength and Microstructure of Tigernut Fibre- Epoxy Composites (NFPCs)." Key Engineering Materials 917 (April 13, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-87w95f.
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Natural fibres have gained huge attention of researchers in the field of composite manufacturing due to its low cost, biodegradability, availability and high performance. However, due to its high hydroxyl content of cellulose, natural fibre is susceptible to water absorption which invariably adversely affects properties of the composite. Researchers have proved that nano-materials such as nanoclay mixed with the polymer composites can overcome the problem. This study investigates tensile strength and microstructural property of tigernut fibres reinforced polymer composites tailored to automotive application. Tigernut fibres mixed with nanoclay of size 50≤µm, were used to reinforce epoxy in three levels of loading 2, 4, 6 % respectively. The composite was prepared by shear mixing of polymer and the reinforcements, followed by lamination and curing of the composite. The tensile strength and microstructural property of the composites produced were examined. The results show that tensile strength increases as the percentage weight fraction of the reinforcement increases. The microstructures show good interfacial adhesion between reinforcement and polymer matrix. Tigernut fibre show a sustainable material useful for automotive applications.
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Olusunmade, Olusola Femi, Abba Emmanuel Bulus, and Terwase Kelvin Kashin. "EFFECT OF IMPERATA CYLINDRICA REINFORCEMENT FORM ON THE TENSILE AND IMPACT PROPERTIES OF ITS COMPOSITES WITH RECYCLED LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0292.
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Composites of recycled low-density polyethylene obtained from waste water-sachets and imperata cylindrica were produced with particulate and long-fibre unidirectional mat reinforcements. Comparison was made of the tensile and impact properties resulting from the use of the different reinforcement forms at 10 wt% ratio in the matrix. The results obtained from the tests carried out revealed that tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and impact strength of the composite with the long-fibre mat reinforcement were better than those of the one composite with the particulate reinforcement. The better performance observed in the long-fibre mat reinforcement could be attributed to the retention of the toughness and stiffness of the imperata cylindrica stem in this form of reinforcement, which is lost after the stem strands are pulverized into particles. Imperata cylindrica stem, as a natural fibre reinforcement for polymetric material is, therefore, recommended in the long-fibre mat form. The combination of these otherwise challenging resources in composite materials development will add economic value to them and help to reduce the nvironmental menace they present.
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Mitchell, Robert J., and David M. Stone. "Stability of reinforced cemented backfills." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-024.
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Mining with backfill has been the subject of several international meetings in recent years and a considerable research effort is being applied to improve both mining economics and ore recovery by using backfill for ground support. Classified mill tailings sands are the most commonly used backfill material but these fine sands must be stabilized before full ore pillar recovery can be achieved. Normal portland cement is generally used for stabilization but the high cost of cement prohibits high cement usage. This paper considers the use of reinforcements in cemented fill to reduce the cement usage. It is concluded that strong cemented layers at typical spacings of about 3 m in a low cement content bulk fill can reinforce the fill and reduce the overall cement usage. Fibre reinforcements introduced into strong layers or into bulk fills are also known to be effective in reducing cement usage. Some development work is needed to produce the ideal type of anchored fibre in order to realize economic gains from fibre-reinforced fills. Key words: mining, backfilling, ground support, soil–cement, fibre reinforcement.
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Zhang, Y., L. Yan, S. Wang, and M. Xu. "Impact of twisting high-performance polyethylene fibre bundle reinforcements on the mechanical characteristics of high-strength concrete." Materiales de Construcción 69, no. 334 (March 15, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2019.01418.
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The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviours of the concrete reinforced by twisting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre bundles with different volume fractions have been investigated. It was indicated that the improved mixing methodology and fibre geometry guaranteed the uniform distribution of fibres in concrete matrix. The UHMWPE fibres significantly enhanced the splitting tensile strength and residual compressive strength of concrete. The discussions on the key property parameters showed that the UHMWPE fibre reinforced concrete behaved tougher than the plain concrete. Owing to the more uniform distribution of fibres and higher bonding strength at fibre/matrix interface, the UHMWPE fibre with improved geometry enhanced the quasi-static splitting tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete more significantly than the other fibres. The dynamic compression tests demonstrated that the UHMWPE fibre reinforced concrete had considerable strain rate dependency. The bonding between fibres and concrete matrix contributed to the strength enhancement under low strain-rate compression.
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Schulte-Hubbert, F., D. Drummer, and L. Hoffmann. "Model Approach for Displaying Dynamic Filament Displacement during Impregnation of Continuous Fibres Based on the Theory of Similarity – Theory and Modelling." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-4020.
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Abstract The underlying process for the production of textile reinforced thermoplastics is the impregnation of dry textile reinforcements with a thermoplastic matrix. The process parameters such as temperature, time and pressure of the impregnation are mainly determined by the permeability of the reinforcement. This results from a complex interaction of hydrodynamic compaction and relaxation behavior caused by textile and process parameters. The foundation for the description and optimization of impregnation progresses is therefore the determination of the pressure-dependent permeability of fibre textiles. Previous experimental investigations have shown that the dynamic compaction behavior during the impregnation of fibre reinforcements with thermoplastics or thermosets can be successfully characterized. However, for most cases, an analytical representation has not been possible due to the complexity of the process. Although it may be possible to reproduce this behavior by numerical calculations, the results need to be confirmed by experiments. This paper lays the analytical foundation for building a scaled model system, based on the theory of similarity, to observe, measure, and evaluate the dynamic compaction behavior of textile reinforcements under controlled process conditions.
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Awan, Maqbool S., Arshad Ali, Perviz S, and Yousaf S. Awan. "Carbon Nano Fibre Reinforcements In Concrete." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i1.4140.
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Graphite nanomaterials offer distinct advantages over micro-scale reinforcing fibers in terms of engineering properties and geometric attributes. Thorough dispersion and effective interfacial interactions through proper functionalization of carbon nanofibers are the prerequisites for their effective use in high performance cementitious matrices. Furthermore, use of nano- and micro-scale reinforcements together provides reinforcing effects at different scales, thus rendering balanced gains in engineering properties of the matrix. However, their use in coarser high-performance matrices has not been evaluated thoroughly. The results show improvements in all flexural attributes, impact and abrasion resistance of DSP concrete with addition of 0.16 vol.% of oxidized and poly-acrylic acid physisorbed carbon nanofibers, over the corresponding properties of plain matrix. The results also point to synergetic effect of hybrid reinforcements in improving the various engineering properties of DSP concrete matrix, especially with low modulus polypropylene microfibers.
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Lee, Jae-Seol, and Toyohiko Yano. "Effect of Reinforcements on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of SiC Short-Fibre-Reinforced SiC Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 13, no. 4 (July 2004): 096369350401300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350401300403.
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Tyranno SA fibre was higher strength at high temperatures and higher thermal conductivity than that of Hi-Nicalon fibre. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reinforcements on the mechanical and thermal properties of SiC/SiC composites containing non-coated Tyranno SA short fibres. SiC/SiC composites containing 30 vol.% short fibres were fabricated by tape-casting and hot-pressing at 1650°C–1750°C under a pressure of 40 MPa using an Al2O3-Y2O3-CaO mixture as sintering additives independent of fibre type.
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Zaleha, M., M. Shahruddin, and I. Maizlinda Izwana. "A Review on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.276.
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Research on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fibre in fiber reinforced composites have received more interest and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibre presents many advantages compared to synthetic fibers which make them attractive as reinforcements in composite material. They come from abundant and renewable resources, which ensures a continuous fibre supply and a significant material cost saving to the plastics, automotive and packaging industries. The paper reviews the previous and current research works published in the field of natural fiber reinforced composite material with special reference in mechanical properties of the natural fiber reinforced composite.
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Gailitis, Rihards, Andina Sprince, Tomass Kozlovksis, Leonids Pakrastins, and Viktorija Volkova. "Impact of Polypropylene, Steel, and PVA Fibre Reinforcement on Geopolymer Composite Creep and Shrinkage Deformations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2423/1/012030.
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Abstract For the last 40 years, there has been increased interest in geopolymer composite development and its mechanical properties. In the last decades, there have been cases when geopolymer composites have been used for civil engineering purposes, such as buildings and infrastructure projects. The main benefit of geopolymer binder usage is that it has a smaller impact on the environment than the Portland cement binder. Emissions caused by geopolymer manufacturing are at least two times less than emissions caused by Portland cement manufacturing. As geopolymer polymerization requires elevated temperature, it also has a significant moisture evaporation effect that further increases shrinkage. It can lead to increased cracking and reduced service life of the structures. Due to this concern, for long-term strain reduction, such as plastic and drying shrinkage and creep, fibre reinforcement is added to constrain the development of stresses in the material. This research aims to determine how different fibre reinforcements would impact geopolymer composites creep and shrinkage strains. Specimens for long-term property testing purposes were prepared with 1% of steel fibres, 1% polypropylene fibres (PP), 0.5% steel and 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol fibres, 5% PP fibres, and without fibres (plain geopolymer). The lowest creep strains are 5% PP fibre specimens, followed by 1% PP fibre, plain, 0.5% steel fibre and 0.5% PVA fibre, and 1% steel fibre specimens. The lowest specific creep is to 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens closely followed by 1% PP fibre followed by 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre, plain and 1% steel fibre reinforced composites. Specimens with 0.5% steel and 0.5 PVA fibre showed the highest compressive strength, followed by 1% PP fibre specimens, plain specimens, 1% steel fibre, and 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens. Only specimens with 1% PP fibre and 0.5% steel, and a 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion showed improved mechanical properties. Geopolymer concrete mix with 1% PP fibre inclusion and 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion have a 4.7% and 11.3% higher compressive strength. All the other fibre inclusion into mixes showed significant decreases in mechanical properties.
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Long, A. C., and C. D. Rudd. "A Simulation of Reinforcement Deformation during the Production of Preforms for Liquid Moulding Processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 208, no. 4 (November 1994): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_088_02.
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Composite materials offer an attractive alternative to metals in the automotive and aerospace industries. Of the many possible production methods, liquid moulding processes such as resin transfer moulding (RTM) and structural reaction injection moulding (SRIM) demonstrate potential for high-volume manufacture. It is common to use preformed reinforcements, although this can cause certain problems. Fibre movement during forming can cause adverse effects such as wrinkling and thinning. The high levels of waste generated by subsequent trimming operations are proving unacceptable for medium to high volumes. An accurate modelling capability would allow defects to be predicted at the design stage, and would also allow prediction of the net-shape reinforcement required to form the component with no waste. This paper presents models for both random and directional reinforcement deformation. Random reinforcements are simulated using a modified plasticity theory, while directional reinforcements are modelled using the pin-jointed deformation model.
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Karthikeyan, S. "Influence of fibre loading and surface treatment on the impact strength of coir polyester composites." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 107 (January 3, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8190.
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Purpose: In this work, coir fibre with varying fibre content was selected as reinforcements to prepare polymer-based matrices and the problem of reduced fibre-matrix interfacial bond strength has been diluted by chemical treatment of coir fibres with alkali solution. Design/methodology/approach: The effect of fibre loading, solution concentration and soaking time on the impact strength of the composites were analyzed using statistical techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was used to model and optimize the impact properties of coir-polyester composites. Findings: The impact strength of coir fibre reinforced polyester composite depends mainly on the fabrication parameters such as fibre-polyester content, soaking time, concentration of soaking agent and adhesive interaction between the fibre and reinforcement. Research limitations/implications: The mechanical properties of any coir polyester composite depend on the nature bonding between the fibre and reinforcement. The presence of cellulose, lignin on the periphery of any natural fibre reduces the bonding strength of the composite. This limitation is overcome by fibre treatment over sodium hydroxide to have better impact properties. Practical implications: Now days, natural fibre reinforced composites are capable of replacing automotive parts, subjected to static loads such as engine Guard, light doom, name plate, tool box and front panels etc. These materials can withstand any static load due to its higher strength to weight ratios. Originality/value: The effect of fibre loading, solution concentration and soaking time on the impact strength of the composites were analyzed using statistical techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was used to model and optimize the impact properties of coir-polyester composites. The impact strength of NaOH impregnated coir fibre reinforced polyester composites was evaluated.
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Kiss, Imre, Ilare Bordeasu, Andrei Mihai Baciu, Vasile Alexa, Vasile George Cioata, and Gabriel Ursu-Neamt. "Comparative Analysis on Use of Polymer Fibres from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate into Reinforced Concrete Solutions." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 4 (January 6, 2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.4.5421.
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Fibre-reinforced concrete cannot replace the ordinary reinforced concrete. However, there are areas of use in which fibre-reinforced concrete can be used alternatively or in addition to the ordinary reinforced concrete, offering several advantages, some of that being presented in this study. The basic idea is that reinforcements create a multi-directional �mesh� within the cementitious matrix that will make concrete stronger. In fact, adding the fibrous material to concrete will increase the strength. In this sense, the micro-fibres primarily work to prevent micro- or shrinkage cracking, which mostly occurs during the initial curing process of the concrete, or those critical first 28 days. By contrast, the macro-fibres provide load-bearing strength after the concrete cracks. But, in fact, the subject is more complex. The types and size of fibres, their distribution and orientation are a hugely complex topic. Fibres, of whatever nature, have been found to improve the properties of concrete. Fibre-reinforced concrete provides an alternative to conventional reinforcement, with the advantage of time and reduced costs of performing maintenance work. The complexity of various fibre use presents challenges for the construction sectors that may be beyond current levels of expertise. In this study, particularities of concrete reinforced with polymer fibres are presented. Also, a comparative study is presented, based on our previous works in area of the concrete reinforcing with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
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Ahmad, R., R. Hamid, and S. A. Osman. "Physical and Chemical Modifications of Plant Fibres for Reinforcement in Cementitious Composites." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5185806.
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This paper highlights the physical and chemical surface modifications of plant fibre (PF) for attaining suitable properties as reinforcements in cementitious composites. Untreated PF faces insufficient adhesion between the fibres and matrix due to high levels of moisture absorption and poor wettability. These conditions accelerate degradation of the fibre in the composite. It is also essential to reduce the risk of hydrophilic PF conditions with surface modification, to enhance the mechanical properties of the fibres. Fibres that undergo chemical and physical modifications had been proven to exhibit improved fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion in the composite and contribute to better composite mechanical properties. This paper also gives some recommendations for future research on chemical and physical modifications of PF.
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Matveev, MY, FG Ball, IA Jones, AC Long, PJ Schubel, and MV Tretyakov. "Uncertainty in geometry of fibre preforms manufactured with Automated Dry Fibre Placement and its effects on permeability." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 16 (November 23, 2017): 2255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317741951.
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Resin transfer moulding is one of several processes available for manufacturing fibre-reinforced composites from dry fibre reinforcement. Recently, dry reinforcements made with Automated Dry Fibre Placement have been introduced into the aerospace industry. Typically, the permeability of the reinforcement is assumed to be constant throughout the dry preform geometry, whereas in reality, it possesses inevitable uncertainty due to variability in geometry. This uncertainty propagates to the uncertainty of the mould filling and the fill time, one of the important variables in resin injection. It makes characterisation of the permeability and its variability an important task for design of the resin transfer moulding process. In this study, variability of the geometry of a reinforcement manufactured using Automated Dry Fibre Placement is studied. Permeability of the manufactured preforms is measured experimentally and compared to stochastic simulations based on an analytical model and a stochastic geometry model. The simulations showed that difference between the actual geometry and the designed geometry can result in 50% reduction of the permeability. The stochastic geometry model predicts results within 20% of the experimental values.
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Ovat, Friday Aje. "Environmental Degradability of Nigerian Long Bamboo Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite (NLBFRPC)." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 6 (June 21, 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.6.299.
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There has been increased interest in development of composite materials with relevant mechanical and chemical properties for use in industrial and domestic applications. Not much has been done in the area of their response to the practical environment that their applications are found. In this present study the pest and chemical resistance of the Nigerian long bamboo fibre and reinforced composite on exposure to practical environment with particular respect to the soil was investigated. Natural fibre has emerged as a renewable and cheaper substitute to synthetic materials such as glass, carbon and aramid, which are used as reinforcements. The long bamboo fibre was extracted using maceration method. The fabrication of the composite was carried out using Bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) as the matrix and the long bamboo fibre as reinforcement. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of environment on degradation of the composite and the long bamboo fiber. The composite showed significant resistance to pest infestation or attack while the long bamboo fiber showed susceptibility to the soil and its moisture condition thereby decomposing completely after a period of time. Therefore the material developed can be used in aquatic craft applications with strong dependence on its mechanical properties.
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Ovat, Friday Aje. "Environmental Degradability of Nigerian Long Bamboo Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite (NLBFRPC)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 6 (June 21, 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.6.299.
Full textAbstract:
There has been increased interest in development of composite materials with relevant mechanical and chemical properties for use in industrial and domestic applications. Not much has been done in the area of their response to the practical environment that their applications are found. In this present study the pest and chemical resistance of the Nigerian long bamboo fibre and reinforced composite on exposure to practical environment with particular respect to the soil was investigated. Natural fibre has emerged as a renewable and cheaper substitute to synthetic materials such as glass, carbon and aramid, which are used as reinforcements. The long bamboo fibre was extracted using maceration method. The fabrication of the composite was carried out using Bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) as the matrix and the long bamboo fibre as reinforcement. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of environment on degradation of the composite and the long bamboo fiber. The composite showed significant resistance to pest infestation or attack while the long bamboo fiber showed susceptibility to the soil and its moisture condition thereby decomposing completely after a period of time. Therefore the material developed can be used in aquatic craft applications with strong dependence on its mechanical properties.
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Liang, Yazhen, Xiaogang Chen, and Constantinos Soutis. "Review on Manufacture of Military Composite Helmet." Applied Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09944-5.
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AbstractDespite of the fact that more and more accessory devices are integrated to functionalize a ballistic helmet system, its core ballistic protective function needs to be improved with weight reduction was and still is the main course in engineering design. The two major generic classes of synthetic fibres for ballistic composites are Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre (0.97 g/cm3) and aramid fibre (1.44 g/cm3). In the area of military helmets, these fibres are constructed into different topologies, draping/forming into double-curvature geometric shape in multiple plies, serving as reinforcement for composite shell. The preforming ways influence the subsequent impregnation / solidification and curing step in manufacture, in terms of the fibre orientation and fibre volume fraction. The inherent structural heterogeneity thus leads to scatter in permeability and composite thickness, and have further impact in generating process-induced defects. During the processing, the fibre continuity without wrinkles, together with voids-free are determinative factors to a quality final part. The aim of this paper is to review the manufacturing technologies characterised by thermo-mechanical forming and Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM), relating their processing parameters respectively to the properties of reinforcements in one dimension (1D), two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D), along with that of the matrix in dry or wet phase, interdependency of them are sought.
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Krajangsawasdi, Narongkorn, Lourens G. Blok, Ian Hamerton, Marco L. Longana, Benjamin K. S. Woods, and Dmitry S. Ivanov. "Fused Deposition Modelling of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Parametric Review." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010029.
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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.
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Li, Loretta, and Robert Mitchell. "Effects of reinforcing elements on the behavior of weakly cemented sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-040.
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Plane strain test results from weakly cemented sand samples with various types of reinforcement inclusions are reported. Mesh and anchored fibre types of reinforcements are shown to more than double the plane strain shear strength of a 33:1 sand–cement mixture. Other types of inclusions were not as effective, with some actually producing a strength decrease. All inclusions increased the ductility of this weakly cemented sand, allowing the material to absorb strains of 4–6% rather than the 0.5 – 1% of failure strain in the unreinforced material. The application of reinforcements to cemented tailings used for mine backfill is briefly discussed. Key words: reinforced backfill, cemented sand, behavior, mining.
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Li, Nan, Xiuxiu Yang, Feng Bao, Yunxing Pan, Chenghao Wang, Bo Chen, Lishuai Zong, Chengde Liu, Jinyan Wang, and Xigao Jian. "Improved Mechanical Properties of Copoly(Phthalazinone Ether Sulphone)s Composites Reinforced by Multiscale Carbon Fibre/Graphene Oxide Reinforcements: A Step Closer to Industrial Production." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020237.
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The properties of carbon fibre (CF) reinforced composites rely heavily on the fibre-matrix interface. To enhance the interfacial properties of CF/copoly(phthalazinone ether sulfone)s (PPBES) composites, a series of multiscale hybrid carbon fibre/graphene oxide (CF/GO) reinforcements were fabricated by a multistep deposition strategy. The optimal GO loading in hybrid fibres was investigated. Benefiting from the dilute GO aqueous solution and repeated deposition procedures, CF/GO (0.5%) shows a homogeneous distribution of GO on the hybrid fibre surface, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thereby ensuring that its PPBES composite possesses the highest interlaminar shear strength (91.5 MPa) and flexural strength (1886 MPa) with 16.0% and 24.1% enhancements, respectively, compared to its non-reinforced counterpart. Moreover, the incorporation of GO into the interface is beneficial for the hydrothermal ageing resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of the hierarchical composite. This means that a mass production strategy for enhancing mechanical properties of CF/PPBES by regulating the fiber-matrix interface was developed.
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Umer, R., S. Bickerton, and Alan Fernyhough. "Modelling Liquid Composite Moulding Processes Employing Wood Fibre Mat Reinforcements." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.113.
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Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) processes are commonly used techniques for the manufacture of advanced composite structures. This study explores the potential of wood fibres as reinforcement for LCM preforms, considering mats produced using dry and wet methods. The compaction response of these mats has been investigated with and without the presence of a test fluid. Permeability of these mats was also measured as a function of fibre volume fraction. Reinforcement permeability and compaction response data were used to model two different LCM processes. The simulation results have been compared with experiments.
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Sinha, Agnivesh Kumar, Harendra Kumar Narang, and Somnath Bhattacharya. "Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.291.
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Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.
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Rao, S., A. Bhardwaj, Andrew Beehag, and Debes Bhattacharyya. "Fire Performance of Flax Laminates and their Hybrids." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.114.
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In the current age of growing environmental awareness, natural fibre composites have gained wide acceptance in various facets of engineering. However, in industries, such as aerospace and mining, their acceptance is primarily dependent on them meeting the stringent fire test requirements. In this paper, symmetric laminates consisting of only glass, glass/flax hybrid and only flax as reinforcements in thermoset matrices were tested for their time to ignition, heat release rate and smoke constituents as per standard ASTM E 1354 in a cone calorimeter. Four fire retardant versions of resin systems, were used in this study. The laminates were manufactured using wet hand-layup technique that was vacuum bagged and cured between hot platens of a hydraulic press. A constant fibre volume fraction of 0.5 for all the laminates was obtained by maintaining a constant laminate thickness of 4mm. The results from the cone calorimeter tests were compared to examine the influence of natural fibres on the fire properties of the laminates. It was observed that the degree of fire retardance in the polyester based composites decreased with the increase in the flax fibre content; however, in the modified urethane composites, flax fibre composites performed better by exhibiting higher ignition time compared to the hybrid and glass fibre composites. Another important observation was that the carbon monoxide emissions during testing decreased with the increase in flax content in the composites, no matter what resin system was used. These preliminary tests suggest that, by judiciously incorporating natural fibres in a synthetic system, a hybrid system could be designed to sustain loads in environments with high fire risks.
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M, Ramakrishnaiah, Dr H. N. Vidyasagar, and Dr H. K. Shivanand. "Effect of Reinforcements on Al8011 Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites with respect Compressive strength and Hardness." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47991.
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Abstract: The metal matrix composites are the wide family of materials aimed to enhancing of combined properties of reinforcements. The matrix utilized in the development of MMCs would be of any material, but preferably aiming for lighter structural materials and main objective is in the improvement of mechanical properties. Majority of the progress in the field of MMCs is closely connected to development in reinforcement for incorporation in MMCs. But the orientation of this research is towards the fabrication and testing of Al8011, Silicon Carbide and S-glass fibre are the combination to cast the hybrid MMCs. The metallic matrix used in the present investigation is Aluminium alloy. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including high specific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low-cost reinforcements. The present investigation has been focused on the using of silicon carbide and S-glass fibre as a reinforcement material in useful manner by dispersing in variable quantity into Aluminium-8011 to produce Hybrid MMCs by stir casting method and there by investigating its mechanical properties such as compressive strength and hardness of Al8011 metal matrix hybrid composites. Hence, it is proposed to form a new class of composite. Al8011 alloy reinforced with Silicon Carbide and S-glass to form MMCs using graphite crucible for casting. The MMC is obtained for different composition of SiC and S-glass fibre
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Mamman, Rabiu Onoruoiza, and Aliyu Mohammed Ramalan. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polyester Reinforced Glass Fibre/Orange Peel Particulate Hybrid Composite." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (October 20, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.18-26.
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This study was focused on the development of hybrid composed using orange peel particulate dispersed in an unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with chopped strands of E-glass fibers. Orange peel particulate of about 350µm sieve size, of varying weight percentage (3, 6, 9,12 and 15) wt.% and E-glass fiber of constant weight percentage 25.1wt% was used as reinforcements in a polyester matrix. The effect of the orange peel particulate on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composite such as tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength and hardness strength was investigated. The results showed remarkable improvement in mechanical properties with increase in percentage of particulate reinforcement. Tensile strength varies from 50.0 to 62.6 MPa, Hardness values varies between 28.6 and 40.8HRB, Impact energy at room temperature, varies between 5.0 to 7.4 Joules, as a function of fiber weight fractions and the flexural strength varies from 74.0 to 85.2 MPa. The best mechanical properties were obtained at 15 Wt.% particulate reinforcements. The results of the physical tests show that the water absorption increases as the weight percentage of the particulate reinforcement increases and the same condition also holds for the density.
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Mahesha, CR, Suprabha R, D. Raja Ramesh, Rajesh A S, Melvin Victor De Poures, Ram Subbiah, Wadi B. Alonazi, S. Sivakumar, and Agegnehu shara shata. "Statistical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of ATH Nanofiller Addition on the Woven Jute/Polyester Hybrid Composites by the Grey–Taguchi Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 23, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1752203.
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The primary goal of this study is to determine how well the addition of alumina trihydride (ATH) fillers affects the material properties of hybridised polyester nanocomposites using a weaved jute fibre. The manual lay-up approach was used to create the hybrids, using control variables: (i) ATH filler weight ratio, (ii) stitched jute fiber width, and (iii) amount of stitched jute sheets, altogether at tierce dissimilar stages, to fulfil the goals of this study. By using L9 (33) symmetrical layout, 9 samples were constructed and tested in accordance with the ASTM specification. According to the study by Grey, biocomposites with 6% ATH dust and 250 gsm of weaved jute filaments in tierce have such a satisfactory outcome. Inclusion of dietary fibres to pure synthetic materials improved aggregate material properties. Even as fibre as well as pitch meditations raised, greater power was mandatory to fracture the fibres among matrices as well as their reinforcements.
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Kumar, R. N., L. M. Wei, H. D. Rozman, and A. Abusamah. "Fire Resistant Sheet Moulding Composites from Hybrid Reinforcements of Oil Palm-Fibres and Glass Fibre." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 37, no. 1-2 (May 1997): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914039708031476.
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Suter, René, and Olivier Francey. "Paraseismic Strengthening of Masonry Walls by FRP Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.624.
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The University for Applied Sciences of Fribourg (UAS-FR) proceeded to theoretical and experimental studies on paraseismic strengthening of masonry walls. These studies aimed to develop new strengthening methods, mainly with Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite materials. The experimental studies analysed the behaviour of reinforced masonry walls under vertical load and horizontal static-cyclic load with various orientation of reinforcements. This study covers two kinds of FRP reinforcement: carbon sheet and carbon mesh.
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Ferreira, Isaac, Margarida Machado, Fernando Alves, and António Torres Marques. "A review on fibre reinforced composite printing via FFF." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 972–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2019-0004.
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Purpose In industry, fused filament fabrication (FFF) offers flexibility and agility by promoting a reduction in costs and in the lead-time (i.e. time-to-market). Nevertheless, FFF parts exhibit some limitations such as lack of accuracy and/or lower mechanical performance. As a result, some alternatives have been developed to overcome some of these restrictions, namely, the formulation of high performance polymers, the creation of fibre-reinforced materials by FFF process and/or the design of new FFF-based technologies for printing composite materials. This work aims to analyze these technologies. Design/methodology/approach This work aims to study and understand the advances in the behaviour of 3D printed parts with enhanced performance by its reinforcement with several shapes and types of fibres from nanoparticles to continuous fibre roving. Thus, a comprehensive survey of significant research studies carried out regarding FFF of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics is provided, giving emphasis to the most relevant and innovative developments or adaptations undergone at hardware level and/or on the production process of the feedstock. Findings It is shown that the different types of reinforcement present different challenges for the printing process with different outcomes in the part performance. Originality/value This review is focused on joining the most important researches dedicated to the process of FFF-printed parts with different types reinforcing materials. By dividing the reinforcements in categories by shape/geometry and method of processing, it is possible to better quantify performance improvements.
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Nayak, Suhas Yeshwant, Srinivas Shenoy Heckadka, Anil Baby, Rashmi Samant, and K. Rajath Shenoy. "Influence of bio-filler on the mechanical properties of glass/nylon fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 21, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-200048.
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Studies on bio-fillers addition to polymer composites is gaining momentum as it is an effective substitute for core reinforcements, leading to cost reduction in manufacturing composites and enhanced composite performance. The present study utilizes plain E-glass and nylon fibre woven mats as reinforcements with treated broiler egg shell as a filler for developing the composites. Composite laminates were fabricated with varying filler contents. Composites were characterized for tensile, flexural and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the fibre matrix interactions. Results showed a decline in tensile and flexural properties mainly due to weak interfacial bonding while an improvement in resistance to impact loading was observed in Glass Fibre (GF), Nylon Fibre(NF) and Hybrid Composites (HC) with the addition of filler material.
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R., Balamuralikrishnan, and Saravanan J. "Finite Element Analysis of Beam – Column Joints Reinforced with GFRP Reinforcements." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2708–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091443.
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Glass Fibre Reinforcement Polymer (GFRP) reinforcements are currently used as internal reinforcements for all flexural members due to their resistance to corrosion, high strength to weight ratios, the ability to handle easily and better fatigue performance under repeated loading conditions. Further, these GFRP reinforcements prove to be the better alternative to conventional reinforcements. The design methodology for flexural components has already come in the form of codal specifications. But the design code has not been specified for beam-column joints reinforced internally with GFRP reinforcements. The present study is aimed to assess the behaviour of exterior beam-column joint reinforced internally with GFRP reinforcements numerically using the ABAQUS software for different properties of materials, loading and support conditions. The mechanical properties of these reinforcements are well documented and are utilized for modelling analysis. Although plenty of literature is available for predicting the joint shear strength of beam-column joints reinforced with conventional reinforcements numerically, but no such study is carried for GFRP reinforced beam-columns joints. As an attempt, modelling of beam-column joint with steel and with GFRP rebars is carried out using ABAQUS software. The behaviour of joints under monotonically increasing static and cyclic load conditions. Interpretation of all analytical findings with results obtained from experiments. The analysis and design of beam-column joints reinforced with GFRP reinforcements are carried out by strut and tie model. Strut and Tie models are based on the models for the steel reinforced beam-column joints. The resulting strut and tie model developed for the GFRP reinforced beam-column joints predicts joint shear strength. Joint shear strength values obtained from the experiments are compared with the analytical results for both the beam-column joints reinforced with steel and GFRP reinforcements. The joint shear strength predicted by the analytical tool ABAQUS is also validated with experimental results.
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Rayyaan, Rishad, William Richard Kennon, Prasad Potluri, and Mahmudul Akonda. "Fibre architecture modification to improve the tensile properties of flax-reinforced composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319863156.
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As far as the tensile properties of natural fibres as reinforcements for composites are concerned, flax fibres will stay at the top-end. However, an efficient conversion of fibre properties into their corresponding composite properties has been a challenge, due to the fibre damages through the conventional textile methods utilised to process flax. These techniques impart disadvantageous features onto fibres at both micro- and meso-scale level, which in turn degrade the mechanical performances of flax fibre-reinforced composites (FFRC). Undulation of fibre is one of those detrimental features, which occurs during traditional fibre extraction from plant and fabric manufacturing routes. The undulation or waviness causes micro-compressive defects or ‘kink-bands’ in elementary flax fibres, which significantly undermines the performances of FFRC. Manufacturing flax fabric with minimal undulation could diminish the micro-compressive defects up to a substantial extent. In this research, nonwoven flax tapes of highly aligned flax fibres, blended with a small proportion of polylactic acid have been manufactured deploying a novel technique. Composites reinforced from those nonwoven tapes have been compared with composites reinforced with woven Hopsack fabrics and warp knitted unidirectional fabrics from flax, comprising undulating fibres. The composites reinforced with the highly aligned tapes have shown 33% higher fibre-bundle strength, and 57% higher fibre-bundle stiffness in comparison with the composites reinforced with Hopsack fabric. The results have been discussed in the light of fibre undulation, elementary fibre individualisation, homogeneity of fibre distribution, extent of resin rich areas and impregnation of the fibre lumens.
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Bauer, Monika, O. Kahle, S. Landeck, C. Uhlig, and R. Wurzel. "High Performance Composites Using Nanotechnology." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.149.
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Lightweight design, using high performance composites, which directly yields a reduced need for fuel is in the focus of new developments for traffic engineering. The increased substitution of traditional, metal based materials by fibre-reinforced composites in the aviation industry exemplifies this trend. In addition to mechanical properties, e.g. an increase in strength, that leads to direct weight savings, or improved dynamical performance, which translates into longer maintenance intervals, i.e. longer service-life. In the field of fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites possible contributions from nanotechnology are currently reviewed. The modification of the matrix by introducing a “nanophase” has attracted most attention up-to-date. Additional approaches include modification of traditional reinforcements, as well as the development of new reinforcing materials. Desired improvements include mechanical properties, interlaminar shear strength, reinforcement in z-direction, fiber-matrix adhesion, and obtaining new functionalities. Starting from a summary of the most important effects of nano-modifiers in polymeric matrices, the presentation will review published results on the modification of thermoset matrix fiber-reinforced composites by using nanotechnology, as well as some of our own work in that field. Furthermore, applications of such modified composites in component parts are discussed.