Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibre reinforced'
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Deveau, Adrien Joseph. "Fibre-reinforced expansive concrete." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ45858.pdf.
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Bisanda, Elifis T. N. "Sisal fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278675.
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Lee, Ching Hao. "Fire retardant behavior of Kenaf fibre reinforced Floreon composite." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19908/.
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According to the report, more than 41% of fatalities in flight were to find to be caused by fire. In recent years, composites used in aircrafts are carbon fibre/ glass fibre reinforced epoxy, due to light weights and high strength properties. However, these composites are known as highly flammable. Serious fire incident will be created in a short time after a spark of fire. Furthermore, ingredients for fibre and epoxies are, toxic and resulting in the release of toxic gases during fire, and cutting off fresh air to survivors and hindering their escape. In the meantime, biopolymers have attracted considerable attention due to their environmentally friendly and sustainable nature, Kenaf Fibre (KF) is one of the most famous natural fibre used as a reinforcement in Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC). Kenaf is also known as Hibiscus Cannabimus L., and is an herbaceous annual plant that is grown in a wide range of weather conditions, growing more than 3 meters within 3 months. However, the inherent drawbacks associated with Floreon (FLO) based composites include brittleness, lower strength and high moisture sensitivity, which in turn limit their application in the aircraft industry. In order to overcome such drawbacks, two modification techniques were employed in this study: (1) incorporated kenaf fibre into polypropylene polymer with magnesium hydroxide flame retardant and (2) reinforces kenaf fibre and magnesium hydroxide by different combination of volume. Consequently, KF reinforced FLO or polypropylene (PP) composites with magnesium hydroxide (MH) flame retardant specimens were successfully developed using extrusion followed by hot pressing. The increment of KF contents in PP composites had shown higher tensile modulus and decomposed mass loss at onset temperature, but lower values in tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength and onset temperature. In the meantime, 25 wt% KF contented PP composite shown a slightly higher flexural strength, while the higher volume of MH filler in composites caused lower strength, tensile modulus, elongation, but with higher onset temperature and the 2nd peak temperature in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing. Furthermore, increasing the KF contents in PP matrix has found lower mass residue. However, increasing of KF contents in MH contented composite had increased the mass residue at the end of the testing. On the other hand, the increment of the melt flow properties (MVR and MFR) was found for the KF or MH insertion, due to the hydrolytic degradation of the polylactic acid (PLA) in FLO. The deterioration of the entanglement density at high temperature, shear thinning and wall slip velocity were the possible causes for the higher melt flow properties. In the meantime, increasing the KF loadings caused the higher melt flow properties while the FLO composites with higher MH contents created stronger bonding for higher macromolecular chain flow resistance, hence, recorded lower melt flow properties. However, the complicated melt flow behavior of the KF reinforced FLO/MH biocomposites was found in this study. The high probability of KF-KF and KF-MH collisions was expected and there were more collisions for higher fibre and filler loading, causing lower melt flow properties. Besides that, insufficient resin for fibre wetting, hydrolytic degradation on the biopolymer and poor interfacial bonding were attributed to low strength profile. Yet, further addition of KF increased the tensile strength and flexural. Nevertheless, inserting KF and MH filler have shown positive outcome on flexural modulus. Insertion of KF and MH showed the deterioration of impact strength, while the addition of KF increased the impact strength. Meanwhile, FLO is a hydrophobic biopolymer which showed only a little of total water absorption. In this regard, for the first 24 hours, the water absorption rates were high for all bio-composites. Hence, it is worth mentioning that the high contents of KF in bio-composites shown higher saturation period and higher total amount of water absorption while MH caused shorter saturation period but lower total amount of water absorption. However, interface bonding incompatibility has increased the water absorption of KF/FLO/MH composites. Moreover, some synergistic effect was located in char formation, Tg reduction and a lower tan δ peak shown in the three-phase system (KF/FLO/MH). The MH filler was found to be more significant in enhancing mass residual. The Tg were show deterioration for all samples compared to pure FLO biopolymer. The melting temperature has found no meaningful change for either insertion of KF or MH or both. The values of co-coefficient, C recorded decreasing as increasing the fibre loading. This showing the fibres transfer the loading effectively. As conclusion, although 10KF5MH specimen does not have the best performance in mechanical properties, a higher flame retardancy shall provide KF reinforced FLO composite with MH filler for more applications in advanced sector especially, in hazardous environment.
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Shawkataly, Abdul Khalil H. P. "Acetylated plant fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267327.
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Chapman, Benjamin James. "Continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic pipes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285377.
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Ho, Kingsley Kin Chee. "High performance fibre reinforced fluoropolymers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11259.
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Barris, Peña Cristina. "Serviceability behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7772.
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El uso de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica (FRP) emerge como alternativa al hormigón convencionalmente armado con acero debido a la mayor resistencia a la corrosión de dichos materiales. El presente estudio investiga el comportamiento en servicio de vigas de hormigón armadas con barras de FRP mediante un análisis teórico y experimental. Se presentan los resultados experimentales de veintiséis vigas de hormigón armadas con barras de material compuesto de fibra de vidrio (GFRP) y una armada con acero, todas ellas ensayadas a flexión de cuatro puntos. Los resultados experimentales son analizados y comparados con algunos de los modelos de predicción más significativos de flechas y fisuración, observándose, en general, una predicción adecuada del comportamiento experimental hasta cargas de servicio. El análisis de sección fisurada (CSA) estima la carga última con precisión, aunque se registra un incremento de la flecha experimental para cargas superiores a las de servicio. Esta diferencia se atribuye a la influencia de las deformaciones por esfuerzo cortante y se calcula experimentalmente.Se presentan los aspectos principales que influyen en los estados límites de servicio: tensiones de los materiales, ancho máximo de fisura y flecha máxima permitida. Se presenta una metodología para el diseño de dichos elementos bajo las condiciones de servicio. El procedimiento presentado permite optimizar las dimensiones de la sección respecto a metodologías más generales.
Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have emerged as an alternative to steel for reinforced concrete (RC) elements in aggressive environments due to their non-corrosive properties. This study investigates the short-term serviceability behaviour of FRP RC beams through theoretical and experimental analysis. Twenty-six RC beams reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) and one steel RC beam are tested under four-point loading. The experimental results are discussed and compared to some of the most representative prediction models of deflections and cracking for steel and FRP RC finding that prediction models generally provide adequate values up to the service load. Additionally, cracked section analysis (CSA) is used to analyse the flexural behaviour of the specimens until failure. CSA estimates the ultimate load with accuracy, but it underestimates the experimental deflection beyond the service load level. This increment is mainly attributed in this work to shear induced deflection and it is experimentally calculated.
A discussion on the main aspects of the SLS of FRP RC is introduced: the stresses in materials, maximum crack width and the allowable deflection. A methodology for the design of FRP RC at the serviceability requirements is presented, which allows optimizing the overall depth of the element with respect to more generalised methodologies.
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Farrow, G. J. "Acoustic emission in carbon fibres and carbon fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334022.
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Triantafyllidis, Zafeirios. "Structural enhancements with fibre-reinforced epoxy intumescent coatings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29514.
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Epoxy intumescent coatings are fire protection systems for steel structural elements that are widely used in applications that protection from severe hydrocarbon fires is required, such as oil and gas facilities. These polymer coatings react upon heating and expand into a thick porous char layer that insulates the protected steel element. In the typical fire scenarios for these applications, the intumescent coatings must resist very high heat fluxes and highly erosive forces from ignited pressurised gases. Hence, continuous fibre reinforcement is embedded in the thick epoxy coating during installation, so as to ensure the integrity of the weak intumesced char during fire exposure. This reinforcement is typically in the form of a bidirectional carbon and/or glass fibre mesh, thus under normal service conditions a fibre-reinforced intumescent coating (FRIC) is essentially a lightly fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material. This thesis examines the impacts of embedded high strength fibres on the tensile behaviour of epoxy intumescent materials in their unreacted state prior to fire exposure, and the potential enhancements that arise in the structural performance of elements protected with FRICs. An experimental programme is presented comprising tensile coupon tests of unreacted intumescent epoxies, reinforced with different fibre meshes at various fibre volume fractions. It is demonstrated that the tensile properties of FRICs can be enhanced considerably by including increasing amounts of carbon fibre reinforcement aligned in the principal loading direction, which can be tailored in the desired orientation on the coated structural members to enhance their load carrying capacity and/or deformability. An experimental study is presented on coated intact and artificially damaged I-beams (simulating steel losses from corrosion) tested in bending, demonstrating that FRICs can enhance the flexural response of the beams after yielding of steel, until the tensile rupture of the coatings. An analytical procedure for predicting the flexural behaviour of the coated beams is discussed and validated against the obtained test results, whereas a parametric analysis is performed based on this analytical model to assess the effect of various parameters on the strengthening efficiency of FRICs. The results of this analysis demonstrate that it is feasible to increase the flexural load capacity of thin sections considerably utilising the flexural strength gains from FRICs. Finally, a novel application is proposed in this thesis for FRICs as a potential system for structural strengthening or retrofitting reinforced concrete and concrete-encased steel columns by lateral confinement. An experimental study is presented on the axial compressive behaviour of short, plain concrete and concrete-encased structural steel columns that are wrapped in the hoop direction with FRICs. The results clearly show that epoxy intumescent coatings reinforced with a carbon fibre mesh of suitable weight can provide lateral confinement to the concrete core resisting its lateral dilation, thus resulting in considerable enhancements of the axial strength and deformability of concrete. The observed strengthening performance of the composite protective coatings is found to be at least as good as that of FRP wraps consisting of the same fibre reinforcement mesh and a conventional, non-intumescent epoxy resin. The predictive ability of existing design-oriented FRP confinement models is compared against the experimental results, and is found to be reasonably precise in predicting the peak strength of the tested columns, hence existing models appear to be suitable for design and analysis of column strengthening schemes with the proposed novel FRIC system. The research presented herein shows clearly that FRICs have a strong potential as alternative systems for consideration in the field of structural strengthening and rehabilitation, since they can provide substantial enhancements in the load carrying capacity for both applications considered. At the same time FRICs can thermally protect the underlying structural elements in the event of a fire, by intumescing and charring, thus potentially eliminating the need for additional passive fire protection that is common with conventional fire-rated FRP wrapping systems. Although this thesis provides a proof-of-concept for use of the proposed novel FRICs as structural strengthening materials, considerable additional research is particularly required to study their fire protection performance when applied to concrete substrates, to make use of the proposed hybrid functionality with confidence.
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Patel, Harish. "Hemp fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8783.
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Glass fibres are by far the most extensively used fibre reinforcement in thermosetting composites because of their excellent cost-performance ratio. However, glass fibres have some disadvantages such as non- renewability and problems with ultimate disposal at the end of a materials lifetime since they cannot be completely thermally incinerated. The possibility of replacing E-glass fibres with hemp fibres as reinforcement in sheet moulding compounds (SMC) is examined in this thesis. The composites are manufactured with existing SMC processing techniques and similar resin formulation as used in the commercial industry. An attempt is made to enhance/optimise the mechanical properties of hemp/polyester composites. For this the fibre-matrix interface is modified via chemical modifications with alkaline and silane treatments. Influence of hemp fibre volume fraction, calcium carbonate (CaCO3)filler content and fibre-matrix interface modification on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre-mat-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (H-SMC) is studied. The results of H-SMC composites are compared to E-glass fibre-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (G-SMC). In order to get a better insight in the importance of these different parameters for the optimisation of composite performance, the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions made using modified micromechanical models such as Cox-Krenchel and Kelly- Tyson for random short-fibre-reinforced composites. These models are supplemented with parameters of composite porosity to improve the prediction of natural fibre composite tensile properties. The influence of impact damage on the residual exural strength of the H-SMC composites is investigated to improve the understanding of impact response of natural fibre reinforced composites. The result of penetration and absorbed energies during non-penetrating impact of H-SMC composites are investigated and compared to values for G-SMC. A simple mechanistic model has been developed for H-SMC composites and is used to get an insight into the impact behaviour of these composite as well as to provide a guideline to compare the experimental results with theoretically calculated data. The fracture toughness properties in terms of the critical-stress-intensity factor KIc, and critical strain energy release rate, GIc, of H-SMC and G-SMC composites are studied using the compact tension (CT) method. It was shown that fracture toughness of H-SMC composites is significantly lower than that of glass fibre reinforced composites (G- SMC). However, results show that with an optimum combination of fibre volume fraction, (CaCO3) filler and surface treatment of the hemp fibres can result in H-SMC composites that have fracture toughness properties that can be exploited for low to medium range engineering applications. It is recommended that to further improve the fracture toughness properties of these natural fibre reinforced composites more research needs to be devoted to the optimization of the fibre-matrix interface properties and ways of reducing porosity content in these composites. Finally, environmental impact of H-SMC composite with conventional G-SMC composite for automotive and non-automotive applications was compared. The composites were assumed to be made in a traditional SMC manufacturing method. Two different types of performance requirements; i.e. stiffness and strength were investigated for both the non-automotive and automotive parts. Two different disposal scenarios: landfill and incineration of the SMC product at the end of life was considered. The LCA results demonstrate that the environmental impact of H-SMC composites is lower than the reference G-SMC composites. G-SMC composites have a significantly higher environmental impact on climate change, acidification and fossil fuels than H-SMC composites. Where as H-SMC composites have a much higher impact on land use and ecotoxicity than G-SMC composites.
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Kahanji, Charles. "Fire performance of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete beams." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709889.
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Ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) possesses favourable mechanical properties in comparison with normal strength concrete. Despite a surge in interest among researchers and industries over the past decade, there is negligible research data on the performance of UHPFRC in fire. This situation is compounded by the lack of design guidelines of UHPFRC in major structural design codes both at ambient and at elevated temperatures. The experimental work conducted was divided into three parts. The first part involved casting and testing of nine beams for flexure at ambient temperature. The beams were reinforced with steel fibres at 1, 2 and 4 vol. % and cured in two different conditions (20 °C and 90 °C water). In the second part, nine beams with two different steel fibre dosages (2 and 4 vol. %) were tested at elevated temperatures under an ISO 834 standard fire curve. Seven of these were tested while loaded at three different loading levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6). The other two, cured in different conditions, were tested unloaded at elevated temperatures to study the influence of the curing temperature. The third part involved determining the residual strength of the UHPFRC. The residual strength tests sought to investigate the influence of the curing temperature on the strength degradation of UHPFRC, with the aim of understanding the post-fire analysis and repairs. A finite element model was created using DIANA software followed by a parametric study. In the ambient temperature tests, the hot-cured beams recorded higher compressive strength. However, despite having lower compressive strength, the cold-cured beams had the higher load bearing capacity. Exposure of beams to fire was characterised with explosive spalling. Spalling was more prevalent in beams containing 2 vol. % of steel fibres. The beams under the 0.4 load level spalled significantly more than the other two load categories and had the least fire resistance. The addition of polypropylene fibres eliminated spalling and effectively increased the fire resistance of the beam. The curing temperature had an influence on the fire performance of the beams, the hot-cured beam spalled significantly more than the cold-cured. The findings from the residual strength tests indicated that the relative residual strength of cold-cured elements was higher than the hot-cured.
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Funke, Henrik, Sandra Gelbrich, Lars Ulke-Winter, Lothar Kroll, and Carolin Petzoldt. "An application of asymmetrical glass fibre-reinforced plastics for the manufacture of curved fibre reinforced concrete." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-178054.
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There was developed a novel technological and constructive approach for the low-cost production of curved freeform formworks, which allow the production of single and double-curved fibre reinforced concrete. The scheduled approach was based on a flexible, asymmetrical multi-layered formwork system, which consists of glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP). By using of the unusual anisotropic structural behavior, these GFRP formwork elements permitted a specific adjustment of defined curvature. The system design of the developed GFRP formwork was examined exhaustively. There were designed, numerically computed and produced prototypical curved freeform surfaces with different curvature radii.
The fibre reinforced concrete had a compressive strength of 101.4 MPa and a 3-point bending tensile strength of 17.41 MPa. Beyond that, it was ensured that the TRC had a high durability, which has been shown by the capillary suction of de-icing solution and freeze thaw test with a total amount of scaled material of 874 g/m² and a relative dynamic E-Modulus of 100% after 28 freeze-thaw cycles.
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Fan, Yuan-Heng. "Fibre orientation and stiffness prediction in short fibre-reinforced thermoplastics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339669.
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Babafemi, Adewumi John. "Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macro synthetic fibres are known to significantly improve the toughness and energy absorption capacity of conventional concrete in the short term. However, since macro synthetic fibre are flexible and have relatively low modulus of elastic compared to steel fibres, it is uncertain if the improved toughness and energy absorption could be sustained over a long time, particularly under sustained tensile loadings. The main goal of this study is to investigate the time-dependent crack mouth opening response of macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) under sustained uniaxial tensile loadings, and to simulate the flexural creep behaviour. For the purpose of simulating the in-service time-dependent condition, all specimens were pre-cracked. Experimental investigations were carried out at three levels (macro, single fibre and structural) to investigate the time-dependent behaviour and the mechanisms causing it. At the macro level, compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and uniaxial tensile creep test at 30 % to 70 % stress levels of the average residual tensile strength were performed. To understand the mechanism causing the time-dependent response, fibre tensile test, single fibre pullout rate test, time-dependent fibre pullout test and fibre creep test were done. Flexural test and flexural creep test were done to simulate the structural level performance. The results of this investigation have shown significant drop in stress and increase in crack width of uniaxial tensile specimens after the first crack. The post cracking response has shown significant toughness and energy absorption capacity. Under sustained load at different stress levels, significant crack opening has been recorded for a period of 8 month even at a low stress level of 30 %. Creep fracture of specimens occurred at 60 % and 70 % indicating that these stress levels are not sustainable for cracked macro synthetic FRC. The single fibre level investigations have revealed two mechanisms responsible for the time-dependent crack widening of cracked macro synthetic FRC under sustained loading: time-dependent fibre pullout and fibre creep. In all cases of investigation, fibre failure was by complete pullout without rupture. Flexural creep results have shown that the crack opening increases over time. After 8 months of investigation, the total crack opening was 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm at 30 % and 50 % stress levels respectively. Since the crack opening of tensile creep and flexural creep specimens cannot be compared due to differences in geometry, specimen size, load transfer mechanisms and stress distribution in the cracked plane, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted. Material model parameters obtained from the uniaxial tensile test and viscoelastic parameters from curve fitting to experimental uniaxial creep results have been implemented to successfully predict the time-dependent crack opening of specimens subjected to sustained flexural loading. Analyses results correspond well with experimental result at both 30 % and 50 % stress levels.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Makro sintetiese vesels is bekend daarvoor dat dit die taaiheid en energie absorpsie van konvensionele beton beduidend verbeter in die kort termyn. Aangesien makro sintetiese vesels buigsaam is met 'n relatiewe lae styfheidsmodulus in vergeleke met staalvesels, is dit onseker of die verhoogde kapasiteit vir energie absorpsie en taaiheid volgehou kan word oor die langer termyn, veral in gevalle waar dit aan volgehoue trekkragte blootgestel is. Die hoofdoel van die studie is om die tydafhanklike-kraakvergrotingsgedrag van makro sintetiese veselversterkte beton (VVB) wat blootgestel is aan volgehoue trekkragte te ondersoek asook die simulasie van die kruipgedrag in buig. Ten einde die werklike toetstande te simuleer is al die proefstukke doelbewus gekraak in 'n beheerde manier voor die aanvang van die toetse. Die eksperimentele ondersoek is uitgevoer op drie vlakke (makro, enkelvesel en strukturele) om die tydafhanklike gedrag sowel as die meganismes verantwoordelik vir hierdie gedrag te ondersoek. Op die makro-vlak is druktoetse gedoen saam met eenassige trek- en eenassige kruiptoetse met belastings tussen 30 % en 70 % van die gemiddelde residuele treksterkte. Om die meganisme wat die tydafhanklike gedrag veroorsaak te verstaan is veseltoetse, enkel vesel uittrektoetse, enkel vesel uittrek kruiptoetse asook kruiptoetse op vesels gedoen. Buigtoetse en buig kruiptoetse is ook gedoen om die gedrag op die strukturele vlak te ondersoek. Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek wys dat daar 'n beduidende val in spanning is en dat daar gepaardgaande kraak opening in die eenassige trek proefstukke plaasgevind het na die vorming van 'n kraak. Die na-kraak gedrag wys beduidende taaiheid en energie absorpsie kapasiteit. Gedurende die volgehoue trekbelasting by verskillende spanningsvlakke is beduidende kraakvergroting opgemerk, selfs by 30 % belasting na 8 maande. Kruipfaling het plaasgevind by proefstukke met belastings van 60 % en 70 % wat daarop wys dat hierdie spanningsvlakke nie geskik is vir gekraakte makro sintetiese VVB nie. Op die enkel veselvlak is twee meganismes geïdentifiseer wat verantwoordelik is vir die kraakvergroting oor tyd vir gekraakte makro sintetiese VVB met volgehoue trekbelasting: tydafhanklike vesel uittrek en vesel-kruip. In alle gevalle in hierdie ondersoek was die falingsmeganisme vesels wat uittrek. Buig kruiptoets resultate wys dat die krake vergroot oor tyd. Na 8 maande van ondersoek was die kraakwydtes 0.2 mm en 0.5 mm by 30 % en 50 % spanningsvlakke onderskeidelik. Aangesien die kraak opening van eenassige trek kruiptoetse en die buig kruiptoetse nie direk met mekaar vergelyk kan word nie weens die verskille in geometrie, proefstuk grootte en spanningsverdeling in die kraakvlak, is 'n eindige element analises (EEA) gedoen. Materiaal eienskappe is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van die eenassige kruip trektoets se resultate en viskoelastiese parameters is bepaal deur middel van kurwepassing van die resultate. Dit was gebruik om suksesvol die buig kruip kraak opening gedrag te simuleer. Die analises se resultate vergelyk goed met die eksperimentele data by beide 30 % en 50 % spanningsvlakke.
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Abdulmajid, Amin Ali Ahmed. "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre reinforced plastic." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1998.
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Ho, Christopher Sui-keung. "Mesostructure quantification of fibre-reinforced composites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ49722.pdf.
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Baczkowski, Bartlomiej Jan. "Steel fibre reinforced concrete coupling beams /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20BACZKO.
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Rose, Ansgar. "Fibre-matrix interactions in reinforced thermoplastics." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362402.
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Tran, Michael Quoc-Binh Tan. "Ultra-inert hierarchical fibre-reinforced nanocomposites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534996.
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Baylis, E. R. "Wave propagation in fibre-reinforced laminates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373799.
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Dyer, S. J. R. "Elastic anisotropy in fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373548.
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Winfield, P. H. "Toughness development in fibre reinforced metals." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259794.
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Holloway, Craig Roy. "Stability of fibre-reinforced viscous flows." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7427/.
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This thesis focusses on two models (inactive and active) for fibre-reinforced viscous flows, examples of which may be found in numerous industrial and biological applications. In chapters 2-4 we consider Ericksen's model for a transversely isotropic fluid, which treats suspensions of nonmotile particles as a continuum with an evolving preferred direction; this model describes fibrous materials as diverse as extracellular matrix, textile tufts and cellulose microfibers. Linear stability analyses of transversely isotropic viscous fluid between two rotating co-axial cylinders and two horizontal boundaries of different temperatures are undertaken in chapters 3 and 4 respectively. In both cases, the inclusion of transversely isotropic effects delays the onset of instability. In chapter 5 we describe a framework commonly used to model active suspensions, which has been applied to suspensions of self-propelling bacteria, algae and sperm, and artificial swimmers. Through linking this model for an active suspension with that for a transversely isotropic fluid, we identify previously neglected components of the stress tensor that significantly alter the rheology. In chapter 6 we examine the linear stability of isotropic and nearly-aligned suspensions of elongated particles, before giving a summary of our findings in chapter 7.
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Armstrong, Paul John. "Projectile penetration into fibre reinforced concrete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10217/.
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A wide range of fibre reinforced concretes, potentially capable of sprayed application, and which could be used for protecting buildings, has been tested. Specimens 450mm square have been impacted by 7.62mm A. P. projectiles, and the damage assessed in terms of penetration path lengths within the specimens and the volume of the impact face spall crater. It has been found that inclusion of fibres does not increase the penetration resistance, but a small proportion of fibres significantly reduces the impact face spalling. The mechanisms of penetration and spalling have been examined using high speed photographic techniques and instrumented specimens.
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Shuaib, Norshah. "Energy efficient fibre reinforced composite recycling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/energy-efficient-fibre-reinforced-composite-recycling(554f1670-c818-4c74-9bfc-af3b51317e9b).html.
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Composite materials are widely used in various sectors such as aerospace, automotive and wind energy. Global increase of demand, particularly for fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites, unavoidably lead to high volumes of manufacturing and end of life waste. Currently, the most common disposal route for composite waste is through landfill. However, current and impending legislations such as Directive on Landfill of Waste (1999/31/EC) and End of Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive (2000/53/EC), have limited the amount of composite waste permitted for landfilling. In addition, production of virgin composite materials requires higher energy input in comparison to other counterpart materials such as steel and aluminium. This calls for an urgent need for composite waste to be recycled and reused in close loop and cross sector applications. The composite materials have a heterogeneous nature. Thermoset matrixes, which are used in most high grade applications, have three dimensional cross-linked structures which make melting and remoulding impossible. Such complex nature requires appropriate composite recycling technologies, a number of which are currently under research and development. At this early stage it is important to select and develop sustainable solutions in terms of economic performance and reduced environmental impact. Unfortunately at present, there is limited high integrity environmental related data in literature to help assess the life cycle benefits of composite recycling. This information is vital in exploring environmental credentials of composite recycling processes, and to ensure resource efficient use of manufacturing and end of life composite waste. The work reported in this PhD thesis deals with the investigation of energy demand of composite recycling processes. Composite waste and demand in the UK market was captured through Sankey diagrams. The diagrams, combined with environmental footprints of virgin material and recycling processes, were used to identify resource benefits of composite recycling initiatives. Furthermore, environmental data for mechanical recycling of glass fibre composites was derived through new and novel bottom up process science inspired mathematical energy modelling approaches. It was found that the process specific energy demand is dependent on the processing rate. The effects of key process variables in mechanical recycling on process energy demand and recyclate quality were also investigated. This study highlights the importance of selecting the right conditions for running recycling processes and generating recyclate with a high market value. Potential of new recycling techniques, namely high voltage fragmentation, was also assessed. Performance of the method, which was originally developed for fracturing rocks, was compared to the mature mechanical recycling process. The final part of this study used a life cycle assessment method to evaluate end of life options for an automotive composite product with the highlights on positive environmental impacts of recycling scenarios. Collectively, the findings from this study have brought together considerations on environmental and maturity status of composite recycling processes, into a comprehensive and updated analysis. The vision is that the knowledge integration between environmental and performance aspects will promote the concept of sustainable use of composite materials and a circular economy. The new datasets developed will enable end of life options for composite waste to be evaluated in life cycle assessment. In the absence of such information, the life cycle impact of composite material use in products cannot be fully or correctly evaluated.
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Wooldridge, Andrew. "Fibre reinforced composites via coaxial electrospinning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95272/.
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This study shows that an all-thermoplastic (nano- or micro-fibre) polymer can be created using coaxial electrospinning to create fibre mats akin to pre-impregnated fabric, which can be formed into a composite without the addition of other materials. This has not yet been accomplished by using the coaxial electrospinning production process. Experimentation to investigate the maximum fibre volume ratio found that these composites were successfully formed at 0.73 fibre volume fraction, which is higher than the maximum found in traditionally formed composites (0.60 – 0.70). The formation of the composite from the fibre mats was investigated, and found that the composites formed at the lowest temperature and pressure (70 °C and 1 bar) exhibited the higher tensile strength, up to 84 % higher than at other temperatures and pressures. Higher pressure and temperature caused deformation in the reinforcing fibres, resulting in lower tensile strength. The composites were shown to have more consistent Young’s modulus and higher tensile strength compared to a composite made from the same materials, but with the fibres and matrix materials produced separately, and combined during the composite forming procedure. The finalised composite produced in this research exhibited an average Young’s Modulus of 2.5 GPa, ultimate tensile strength of 33.2 MPa, and elongation at break of 3.8 %.
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Jia, Weiwei. "Polylactic acid fibre reinforced biodegradable composites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polylactic-acid-fibre-reinforced-biodegradable-composites(732904c8-584b-4fbb-b68a-3cf14dc84e9f).html.
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Polylactic acid (PLA) is a well-known biodegradable and sustainable polymer, derived from renewable agricultural sources. Its high price in the past limited its applications to mainly biomedical materials such as bone fixation devices. As the growth of awareness in global environment protection and sustainable development, PLA has attracted increased attention and development. Nowadays, the applications of PLA have been broadened into plastics, textiles and composites etc. Composites have been widely used in industrial applications for several decades, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and good structural properties. However, most traditional composite materials are composed of two distinct fossil fuel based components. They are not eco-friendly and are difficult to recycle. This study aims at the development of PLA biodegradable composites and the optimisation of the processing parameters to achieve the best mechanical properties of PLA self-reinforced composites (PLA-SRC) for various end-uses. A variety of polymer analytical techniques were used to evaluate crystallinity, thermal properties, and chemical structures of the PLA reinforcement and matrix. Further study was carried out to assess the effects on mechanical properties of PLA-SRC caused by the processing temperature, pressure and holding time. The composites produced at high temperature and/or high pressure have significantly better matrix penetration (fibre wetting), which enhances mechanical properties. However, holding time was found to have no significant effect on the properties of PLA-SRC.
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Shamsuddin, Siti Rosminah. "Carbon fibre reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9803.
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The demand for oil in the world is expected to rise by 1.7% in the fourth quarter of 2012 compared to fourth quarter of 2011. In order to cater for this increasing demand, the oil and gas industry continues to explore and develop deep-sea oilfields where oil and gas risers and pipelines encounter extreme conditions. The combination of high pressure and temperature with aggressive media which contains of hydrocarbon, alkanes, acids, sour gas (H2S), and CO2, etc., requires superior material performance and durability. Conventional engineering materials, such as steel are heavy and require corrosion protection, which are currently used as risers, flowlines and choke and kill lines have reached their limits. This is because of the poor chemical resistance and damage tolerance and the high costs involved in supporting their own weight. This has motivated the industry to explore non-corroding and lighter alternative materials if deeper sea reservoirs are to be explored. One such material that has the potential to overcome such limitations thus enabling new design strategies for cost effective, weight and energy saving materials is fibre reinforced composites. The remarkable properties and the tailorability of fibre reinforcement along load paths to achieve excellent performance of the composites is an attribute not found in any other material. The aim of this research was to manufacture novel carbon fibre reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites by incorporating atmospheric plasma fluorination of the carbon fibres. Powder impregnation method was adapted for the manufacturing of continuous unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre reinforced PVDF composite prepregs. The resulting composite laminates were characterised through various macro-mechanical tests. The impact of atmospheric plasma fluorination of the carbon fibre on the tensile, flexural, short beam shear and tearing properties of the UD composites were investigated to determine whether the improvements observed in the single fibre model composite can be translated to macro-level composite laminates. Apart from this, the impact of combining both fibre and matrix modifications on the composite were studied and the preliminary results on micro-mechanical scale are presented. Finally, composite pipe structures, made by filament winding technique using unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced PVDF composite prepregs onto a pure PVDF liner were fabricated, and characterised with respect to its mechanical properties.
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Corbin, Andrew John. "Fibre-reinforced soil based construction materials." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12138/.
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Soil based construction materials (SBCMs) are formed of a mixture of gravel, sand and clay which, when mixed with water, may be used for construction. They can be an environmentally-friendly alternative to more traditional construction materials such as concrete and fired brick. SBCMs commonly incorporate foreign material into the soil to enhance the material properties. Many guides on SBCM construction advocate the use of cement as a stabiliser to strengthen the material, which detracts from the environmental credentials that earthen construction materials possess. Alternatives methods to strengthen SBCMs are therefore needed. In this thesis, waste wool fibres from a carpet manufacture are investigated as a potential alternative fibrous reinforcement in rammed earth (RE), and its effect on the behaviour of stabilised and unstabilised RE is assessed. Compressive tests, shear tests and splitting tests are performed to study the effect of fibrous (wool) and chemical (cement) stabilisation on RE, and recommendations on further use of these materials are made. Tests are also performed to investigate the shrinkage of different clays (bentonite and kaolinite) used in RE when mixed with sand or wool, in order to determine the effects of these materials on shrinkage behaviour. Finally, advice is provided regarding the use of fibrous reinforcement in SBCMs, which is applicable to both the SBCM industry and research, and new and pre-existing research areas are identified to prompt further study.
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Farhat, Ali Farag. "Basic problems of fibre-reinforced structural components when fibres resist bending." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31095/.
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This thesis generates certain sets of analytical and approximate solutions to a new class of partial differential equations stemming from a version of asymmetricstress elasticity theory appropriate for the study and prediction of the behaviour of fibre-reinforced materials containing fibres that resist bending. These new solutions are of theoretical and practical interest in the static and dynamic analysis of thinwalled, linearly elastic fibre-reinforced structures influenced by couple-stress and unsymmetric stress due to fibre bending stiffness. The static and free vibration solutions are constructed considering bending resistance fibres in a small deformation of beams and plates. Numerical results for displacements, stresses, couple-stress and natural frequencies of vibration are provided to investigate the influence of the fibres resistance in bending on the deformed beams and plates.
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Fisher, Alex K. "Durability design parameters for cellulose fibre reinforced concrete pipes in aggressive environments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003.
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Fox, David Christopher Alexander. "The fire performance of restrained polymer-fibre-reinforced concrete composite slabs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17998.
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Composite slab flooring systems for steel-framed buildings consist of a profiled steel deck and a cast in-situ slab. The slab traditionally includes a layer of light gauge steel mesh reinforcement. This mesh is placed near the surface, which controls the early-age cracking caused by concrete drying and shrinkage. The steel mesh also performs a vital structural role at high temperatures. Structural fire tests and numerical investigations over the last 15 years have established that the mesh can provide enhanced fire resistance. A load-carrying mechanism occurs in fire with the mesh acting as a tensile catenary, spanning between perimeter supports. This structural mechanism is currently utilised regularly in the performance-based fire engineering design of steel-framed buildings. In a recent development, this mesh can be removed by using concrete with dispersed polymer fibre reinforcement to form the composite slab. The polymer-fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) is poured onto the deck as normal, and the fibres resist early crack development. For developers this technique has several advantages over traditional reinforcing mesh, such as lower steel costs, easier site operations and faster construction. However, to date the fire resistance of such slabs has been demonstrated only to a limited extent. Single element furnace tests with permissible deflection criteria have formed the basis for the fire design of such slabs. But these have not captured the full fire response of a structurally restrained fibre-reinforced slab in a continuous frame. The polymer fibres dispersed throughout the slab have a melting point of 160ºC, and it is unclear how they contribute to overall fire resistance. In particular, there has been no explanation of how such slabs interact with the structural perimeter to maintain robustness at high deflections. This project was designed to investigate the structural fire behaviour of restrained polymer-fibre-reinforced composite slabs. An experimental series of six slab experiments was designed to investigate the effects of fibre reinforcement and boundary restraint. A testing rig capable of recording the actions generated by the heat-affected slab was developed and constructed. Model-scale slab specimens were tested with different reinforcement and perimeter support conditions, to establish the contributions to fire resistance of the polymer fibres and applied structural restraint.
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Farooq, Mohammed. "Development of FRP based composite fibre for fibre reinforced cementitious composites." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57668.
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This thesis describes a method of development of a novel fibre based on fibre reinforced polymers (FRP), for use fibre reinforcement in concrete. Thermosetting epoxy resin matrix were reinforced with E-glass, S-glass, and Carbon fibre to produce different types of composite fibres. The FRP panels were produced using the Vacuum Infusion technique, and then cut to different fibre sizes. The volume fractions of reinforcements within the FRP fibre were controlled by using woven and unidirectional fabrics. The number of layers of reinforcing fibres were also changed, to obtain the optimal thickness of the fibres. The FRP material was characterized by means of tensile tests and microscope image analysis. Four different compositions of FRP were produced with tensile strengths ranging from 195 MPa to 950 MPa. The different combinations in geometry broadened the total number of fibres investigated to 12. Single fibre pullout tests were performed to obtain the fundamental fibre-matrix interfacial bond parameters for the different FRP fibres. The FRP fibres, being hydrophilic, along with having a unique rough surface texture, showed a good bond with cement matrix. A bond strength superior to industrially available straight steel fibres and crimped polypropylene fibres has been observed. The 3 best fibres were then chosen to examine the flexural behaviour FRP fibre reinforced concrete beams. The optimized FRP fibres, one each of Glass FRP and Carbon FRP were then further investigated to study the effect of matrix maturity, temperature, fibre inclination, and loading rate on the fibre-matrix interfacial behaviour using single fibre pullout tests. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was carried out to identify the effect of above-mentioned factors on the surface characteristics of the fibre. An attempt was also made to optimize the fibre-matrix interface to achieve an optimized failure mechanism by coating the fibre with oil. The ability of the fibre to transfer stresses across a cracked section over extended periods has been investigated by means of fibre-relaxation tests. Finally, to assess durability, the fibres were conditioned at high pH and high temperature after which single fibre pullout, direct tension tests, & SEM analysis were conducted.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Hall, Tara Stephanie. "Deflections of concrete members reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer, FRP, bars." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ49676.pdf.
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Cantwell, W. J. "Impact damage in carbon fibre composites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7834.
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Kullaa, Jyrki. "Constitutive modelling of fibre-reinforced brittle materials /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1998. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1998/P358.pdf.
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Boniface, Lynn. "Damage development in fibre-reinforced plastics' laminates." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843993/.
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Tensile static and tension-tension fatigue behaviour has been studied in coupon specimens made from continuous fibre reinforced glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy laminates of various lay-ups, including a series of GFRP and CFRP 0,90,0 cross-ply laminates with different 90° ply thicknesses and CFRP 0, 90, +/-45 laminates with different ply stacking sequences. A variety of techniques has been used to monitor the accumulation of damage; microscopy on the polished edge of coupons, penetrant-enhanced X-radiography for CFRP laminates and visual observations for the transparent GFRP laminates. Under static loading, mechanical properties and damage thresholds are established for the onset of events such as cracking in the 90' and 45° plies and delamination. The experimentally determined 90° ply cracking threshold strains agree with predictions based on fracture mechanics, provided residual thermal strains are taken into account. Fatigue failure data are obtained for the CFRP laminates and plotted as conventional S-logN curves. The fatigue behaviour of the CFRP laminates has also been described qualitatively using a form of fatigue life representation in terms of the predominant damage mechanisms observed during cyclic loading. A detailed study of transverse ply matrix cracking showed that the mode of crack propagation depended on the type of loading. Crack growth across the width of the ply was instantaneous under static loading and at high cyclic stresses. At low cyclic stresses, i.e. below the static cracking threshold, cracks initiated only after a number of cycles (dependent on the stress level) and then grew slowly across the width of the ply throughout the course of loading. Slow crack growth was also observed at high cyclic stresses when the density of full width cracks was high and the crack spacing was small. The crack growth rate was found to be independent of crack length and to depend on crack spacing and hence was strongly influenced by interactions between neighbouring cracks. Fatigue growth of individual cracks was modelled using an approach based on an expression for the stress intensity factor at the tip of a transverse ply crack and a Paris fatigue crack growth relationship.
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Booth, David. "Mechanical properties of fibre reinforced cement board." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843503/.
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Cementitious materials are characterised by low tensile strengths and low tensile strain capacities. They are brittle and, as such, benefit from reinforcement, which increases their ability to withstand tensile and shear stresses. The mechanical performance of cheap, lightweight, aggregated cement sheets can be improved significantly by incorporating fibre meshes just beneath either surface. Such "cement-boards" have potential for use in several load-bearing and non-load-bearing applications, in both interior and exterior construction environments. For this to be possible, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the manner in which these materials fail and to be able to predict the properties of the composite in terms of those of its constituents. In the present work, a commercially available cement board and several experimental boards have been examined using reflected light and scanning electron microscopy, enabling the main micro structural features to be characterised. A methodology for producing damage free specimens for mechanical characterisation has been developed. A bend rig suitable for the testing of specimens up to 0.5 m in length and 70 mm in width, in three or four point bending, has been designed and built. The properties of the boards have been measured in flexure and in tension and the relevant failure mechanisms have been identified. Also, the properties of the glass fibre crenette and the cement core from the boards have been measured individually and the effect of the accumulation of damage in reducing the Young's modulus of the commercially available board has been studied and modelled analytically. It was found that the stiffness of the cement board is dependent solely on the properties of the cement core, while the ultimate strength is dependent on the properties of the crenette. The geometry of the crenette has an influence on the manner in which the cement board fails.
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Zhang, Chengjie. "Fracture mechanisms in wood fibre reinforced polyethylene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41584.pdf.
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Esong, Ivo Epie. "Compression buckling of glass fibre reinforced cylinders." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322666.
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Potts, H. A. "The quality of fibre reinforced thermoplastics mouldings." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379544.
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McCombe, Greg. "Fibre Reinforced Composites with Integrated Electromagnetic Functionality." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525467.
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Durrant, George. "The forging of saffil fibre reinforced aluminium." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317301.
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Ohno, Sadatoshi. "Stress transfer in polypropylene fibre reinforced cement." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849/.
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Saka, Kolawole. "Dynamic mechanical properties of fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0514854d-36db-4cc1-b377-03a75550ab76.
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A small gas gun, capable of accelerating a projectile 1m long by 25.4mm diameter to about 50 m/s, and an extended split Hopklnson bar apparatus have been designed and constructed for the tensile impact testing of fibre reinforced composite specimens at strain rates of the order of 1000/s. Elastic strain measurements derived from the Hopkinson bar analysis are checked, using strain gauges attached directly to the specimen and the validity of the elastic moduli determined under tensile impact is confirmed. Epoxy specimens reinforced with plain-weave fabrics of either carbon or glass or with several hybrid combinations of the two in various lay-ups, giving five different weight fractions of reinforcement from all-carbon to all-glass, have been tested in tension at three strain rates, nominally, ~10-3/s, ~10/s and ~103/s. The effect of both hybrid composition (volume fraction of carbon reinforced plies) and applied strain rate on the tensile modulus, the tensile strength and the strain to fracture is determined and a limited hybrid effect is observed in specimens with a carbon volume fraction in the approximate range 0.6 to 0.7 where, at all three strain rates there is an enhancement of the failure strain over that for the all-carbon plies and an increased failure strength, most marked in the impact tests, over that predicted by the rule of mixtures. The fracture surfaces of specimens are examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy and the failure process in the hybrid composites is related to that found in the all-carbon and the all-glass specimens. The classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai-Wu strength criterion are used to predict the stiffness and strength of the hybrid composites from the elastic and strength properties of the constituent plies. Analytical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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Bunpot, Mai-Ngam. "Strength prediction in short fibre-reinforced thermoplastics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326535.
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Demir, Adem. "Silicon carbide fibre reinforced #beta#-sialon ceramics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391291.
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Moukhomodiarov, Rinat R. "Asymptotic models for incompressible fibre-reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402110.
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Kanellopoulos, V. N. "Hygrothermal characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356171.
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Badr, Atef Samir M. "Performance of advanced polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437106.
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